CN115948683A - High-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the extruded aluminum alloy comprises the following components: 0.8 to 0.9 percent of Si, 0.6 to 0.7 percent of Mg, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Cu, 0.02 to 0.03 percent of Ti, 0.004 to 0.006 percent of B, 0.02 to 0.1 percent of Zr, 0.02 to 0.1 percent of Sc, 0.02 to 0.1 percent of Er, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Fe, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of Zr, sc and Er satisfies the following formula: zr + Sc + Er is more than or equal to 0.1% and less than or equal to 0.2%. The preparation method sequentially comprises the steps of material preparation, melting, blowing and refining in a furnace, online grain refinement outside the furnace, degassing and filtering, semi-continuous casting, homogenizing treatment, heating extrusion, quenching and aging treatment. The invention overcomes the problem of mutual restriction of strength and plasticity, greatly improves the strength and plasticity of the extruded aluminum alloy, has the tensile strength of more than or equal to 330MPa, the yield strength of more than or equal to 300MPa, the elongation after fracture of more than or equal to 15 percent and the Vickers hardness of more than or equal to 16, improves the strength by more than 10 percent and the plasticity by more than 40 percent compared with the extruded aluminum alloy of 6005 and 6005A, simultaneously has good processing performance and welding performance, is suitable for manufacturing various aluminum alloy structural members bearing stress, and achieves the effects of reducing weight and improving safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy preparation, and particularly relates to a high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The 6005 and 6005A aluminum alloys belong to Al-Mg-Si heat-treatable reinforced alloys, have good corrosion resistance, welding performance and extrusion processing performance, and are widely applied to the fields of transportation, photovoltaic power generation, electronic and electrical appliances, mechanical equipment, electric equipment, building curtain walls and the like, such as engine cylinders of automobiles, battery boxes and anti-collision beams of new energy automobiles, carriages of high-speed trains and subway trains, cell panel frames and supports of solar photovoltaic power generation, rigid guide rails of electric iron tower falling devices, section bars of building curtain walls and the like.
The 6005 and 6005A aluminum alloys are medium strength aluminum alloys. According to the national standard GB/T6892-2015 general industrial aluminum and aluminum alloy extruded section, the room-temperature mechanical properties of 6005 and 6005A aluminum alloy sections in a T6 state are required to meet the following requirements: the tensile strength is more than or equal to 250MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 200MPa, the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 6 percent, and the Brinell hardness is more than or equal to 85 percent. The tensile strength of the 6005-T6 and 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy sections which are conventionally produced at present is usually lower than 290MPa, the yield strength is lower than 270MPa, the elongation after fracture is lower than 10 percent, and the Brinell hardness is lower than 95.
The patent with publication number CN114318082 discloses a preparation method of a high-performance aluminum alloy cylinder body material, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.68-0.75% of Si, 0.25-0.3% of Fe, 0.03-0.07% of Cu, 0.54-0.58% of Mg0.54, less than or equal to 0.1% of Ti and the balance of Al. The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy is 257-289MPa, the yield strength is 226-248MPa, and the elongation is 13.1-14.3%. Although the elongation of the aluminum alloy is high, the strength is still low.
The patent with publication number CN112853167 discloses a novel aluminum alloy extruded section and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy extruded section comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.53 to 0.56 percent of Mg, 0.62 to 0.65 percent of Si, 0.02 to 0.05 percent of Ti, 0.005 to 0.01 percent of B, 0.03 to 0.05 percent of Ce, less than or equal to 0.12 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of other single elements, and the balance of Al. The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy extruded section is 273-280MPa, the yield strength is 255-261MPa, and the elongation is 11.2-12.7%. The strength and the elongation of the aluminum alloy section are low.
The patent with publication number CN111996423 discloses an aluminum alloy section for a solar photovoltaic frame and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy section comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass: 0.5-0.9% of Si, 0.4-0.8% of Mg, 0.15-0.25% of Fe0.015-0.025% of Ti, less than 0.08% of Cu, less than 0.08% of Mn, less than 0.10% of Zn, and the balance of Al, wherein the total amount is 100%, and the sum of the mass percentages of Cu and Mn is 0.08-0.16%. The aluminum alloy section has the tensile strength of 244-258MPa, the yield strength of 233-238MPa, the elongation of 12.5-13.9 percent and the Vickers hardness of 14.5-15.5. Although the elongation of the aluminum alloy profile is high, the strength is low.
The patent with publication number CN111304499 discloses an improved 6005A aluminum alloy section and a manufacturing process thereof, wherein the 6005A aluminum alloy section comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.83-0.87% of Si, 0.05-0.1% of Cu, 0.3-0.4% of Mn, 0.52-0.57% of Mg, 0.05-0.1% of Cr and the balance of Al. The tensile strength of the 6005A aluminum alloy section is 328-346MPa, the yield strength is 286-295MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 11.5-12.1%. The 6005A aluminum alloy profile has high strength but still low elongation.
The patent with publication number CN11104128 discloses a 6005A aluminum alloy for an automobile and a machining method of an energy absorption box, wherein the 6005A aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.75 to 0.8 percent of Si, 0.15 to 0.2 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Cu, 0.28 to 0.3 percent of Mn, 0.63 to 0.68 percent of Mg, 0.06 to 0.1 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Ti, and the balance of Al. The tensile strength of the 6005A aluminum alloy is 282-305MPa, the yield strength is 260-282MPa, and the elongation is 11.1-15.8%. The 6005A aluminum alloy has a high elongation but still has a low strength.
With the rapid development of automobiles, rail vehicles, photovoltaic power generation devices, mechanical equipment, electric equipment and the like, the strength and plasticity of extruded aluminum alloy of some bearing and stressed structural members are higher and higher, and the aims of reducing weight and improving safety are achieved. According to the results of literature data retrieval, the strength and plasticity of the current 6005 and 6005A aluminum alloys are still lower in general, particularly, the strength and plasticity are mutually restricted, part of plasticity must be sacrificed when the strength is improved, or part of strength difficulty must be sacrificed when the plasticity is improved, so that the strength and plasticity cannot be improved at the same time, and the requirements of some load-bearing structural members on the high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy cannot be met. Therefore, the existing extruded aluminum alloys and the methods for preparing the same still need to be improved and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems and the defects, the invention provides the high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof, and the strength and the plasticity of the extruded aluminum alloy are improved by optimally designing the component composition and the preparation method of the alloy, so that the requirements of bearing stress structural members in the fields of automobiles, railway vehicles, photovoltaic power generation devices, mechanical equipment, electric equipment and the like on the high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy are met, and the effects of reducing weight and improving safety are achieved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the aim is as follows:
the invention provides a high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy, which contains elements Al, si and Mg, wherein the mass percent of Si is 0.8-0.9%, and the mass percent of Mg is 0.6-0.7%.
The main role of Mg and Si is to enhance the strength of the aluminum alloy. Mg and Si may form Mg 2 The Si strengthening phase significantly enhances the strength of the aluminum alloy. The contents of Mg and Si cannot be too low, and the strength of the aluminum alloy is not sufficient. The contents of Mg and Si cannot be too high, and the strength of the aluminum alloy is too high and the plasticity is insufficient.
Further, the aluminum alloy also contains element Cu, and the mass percent of Cu is 0.15-0.25%.
The main role of Cu is to further enhance the strength of the aluminum alloy. Cu and Al can form CuAl 2 And the aluminum alloy has good strengthening effect on aluminum alloy. The Cu content cannot be too low, and the strength of the aluminum alloy may be insufficient. However, the Cu content is not too high, which increases the extrusion difficulty of the aluminum alloy.
Further, the aluminum alloy also contains trace Ti and B, wherein the mass percent of Ti is 0.02-0.03%, and the mass percent of B is 0.004-0.006%.
Ti and B are added into the aluminum alloy liquid in the form of Al5Ti1B alloy grain refiner, and mainly have the functions of refining grains of the aluminum alloy cast rod and improving the structural component uniformity and the extrusion processing performance of the cast rod. The content of Ti and B cannot be too low, and the grain refining effect is not obvious otherwise. The content of Ti and B is too high, so that the grain refining effect is not obviously increased, and the production cost is increased.
Further, the aluminum alloy also contains Fe element, and the mass percent of Fe is less than or equal to 0.2%.
Fe is an inevitable impurity element in the aluminum alloy. Fe forms a thick acicular Fe-rich phase in the aluminum alloy, which not only increases the extrusion difficulty of the aluminum alloy, but also cracks the aluminum matrix, becomes a crack source and a crack propagation direction for the aluminum alloy fracture, and seriously damages the strength and the plasticity of the aluminum alloy. Therefore, in order to improve the extrusion properties of the aluminum alloy and obtain a high-strength and high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy, the Fe content must be strictly controlled to be 0.2% or less.
Furthermore, the aluminum alloy also contains inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of each impurity element is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total content of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
And the sum of the mass percent of all the components is 100 percent.
Furthermore, the aluminum alloy also contains trace Zr, sc and Er elements, the mass percent of Zr is 0.02-0.1%, the mass percent of Sc is 0.02-0.1%, the mass percent of Er is 0.02-0.1%, and the sum of the mass percent of Zr, sc and Er is more than or equal to 0.1% and less than or equal to 0.2%.
Growth of recrystallized grains of the aluminum alloy during extrusionLarge, coarse grain structure is formed, which seriously impairs the strength and plasticity of the aluminum alloy. Conversely, if the extruded aluminum alloy is completely recrystallized to obtain a fine and uniform grain structure, the strength and plasticity of the aluminum alloy can be greatly improved. In the prior art, a large amount of Mn and Cr elements are usually added to inhibit the growth of recrystallized grains of the extruded aluminum alloy, but a large amount of Mn and Cr can form MnAl in the aluminum alloy 6 、(Mn,Fe)Al 6 、CrAl 7 、(Cr,Fe)Al 7 、(Cr,Mn)Al 12 And the large intermetallic compounds can obviously increase the deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy, reduce the extrusion performance of the aluminum alloy and increase the extrusion difficulty of the aluminum alloy. The inventor surprisingly found out through experimental research that Al can be formed in the aluminum alloy due to Zr, sc and Er when Zr, sc and Er elements are added in a composite manner in the range of 0.1-0.2% 3 Zr、Al 3 Sc、Al 3 Er and other particles with micron and submicron size compatible with aluminum matrix can inhibit the growth of re-crystallized crystal grains, obtain fine and homogeneous crystal grain structure and raise the strength and plasticity of aluminum alloy obviously.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.8 to 0.9 percent of Si, 0.6 to 0.7 percent of Mg, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Cu0.02 to 0.03 percent of Ti, 0.004 to 0.006 percent of B, 0.02 to 0.1 percent of Zr, 0.02 to 0.1 percent of Sc, 0.02 to 0.1 percent of Er, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Fe, the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, the single content of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total amount of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of Zr, sc and Er is more than or equal to 0.1 percent and less than or equal to 0.2 percent.
The second aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of a high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy, which sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot, an aluminum-silicon alloy, an aluminum-copper alloy, an aluminum-zirconium alloy, an aluminum-scandium alloy and an aluminum-erbium alloy as raw materials according to the composition and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy for proportioning;
(2) Adding the raw materials into an aluminum melting furnace, heating and melting into aluminum alloy liquid;
(3) Carrying out blowing refining, degassing and impurity removal on aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace by using inert gas and an aluminum alloy refining agent, slagging off and then standing for a period of time;
(4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding a grain refiner to carry out online grain refining treatment;
(5) Enabling the aluminum alloy liquid to sequentially flow through a degassing machine and a foamed ceramic filter plate which are arranged on a launder to carry out online degassing and filtering treatment;
(6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy round bar;
(7) Homogenizing the aluminum alloy round bar;
(8) Heating an aluminum alloy round bar and extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into aluminum alloy;
(9) And carrying out aging treatment on the extruded aluminum alloy to obtain the high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy.
In the step (1), the raw materials can be pure metals, alloys, process wastes generated in the production process of aluminum alloys or recycled waste metals and the like, as long as the components of the aluminum alloys can meet the requirements and the impurity elements do not exceed the standard. Preferably, the aluminum source is an aluminum ingot, the magnesium source is a magnesium ingot, the silicon source is an aluminum-silicon alloy, the copper source is an aluminum-copper alloy, the zirconium source is an aluminum-zirconium alloy, the scandium source is an aluminum-scandium alloy, and the erbium source is an aluminum-erbium alloy.
In the step (2), in order to improve the uniformity of the composition of the aluminum alloy liquid, it is necessary to enhance the stirring of the aluminum alloy liquid in the aluminum melting furnace. Preferably, a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace with a permanent magnet stirring function is selected, after the aluminum alloy liquid is melted, a permanent magnet stirring device is started, the aluminum alloy liquid is stirred for 15-25 minutes in a circulation mode of forward rotation for 1 minute and then reverse rotation for 1 minute, and segregation of the components of the aluminum alloy liquid can be prevented. The melting temperature of the raw materials is low, the melting speed is low, and the production efficiency is low. The high melting temperature increases the burning loss of the raw material although the melting speed is high. Preferably, the melting temperature is 720-760 ℃. In addition, after melting and stirring, the components of the aluminum alloy liquid also need to be detected on site, and if the components are unqualified, the aluminum alloy liquid also needs to be supplemented until the components of the aluminum alloy liquid are qualified.
In the step (3), in order to improve the purity of the aluminum alloy liquid, refining, degassing and impurity removal of the aluminum alloy liquid in the aluminum melting furnace are required to be enhanced. Preferably, argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent and an aluminum alloy refining agent accounting for 0.2 to 0.3 percent of the total weight of the raw materials are selected to carry out blowing refining on the aluminum alloy liquid. The blowing refining time is not short enough or long enough, and preferably 15-25 minutes. Still standing the aluminum alloy liquid for a period of time after refining is required to obtain sufficient separation time of the bubbles and inclusions remaining in the aluminum alloy liquid, and preferably, the standing time is 30 to 60 minutes.
In the step (3), preferably, the refining agent consists of the following components in percentage by mass: mgCl 2 30-45％，NaCl 25-40％，KBF 4 5-10％，K 2 NiF 6 5-10％，SbCO 3 6-8％，LiCl 3-5％，BeCl 2 2-4 percent of the refining agent, the refining agent is prepared by a remelting method, the refining agent is dried and dehydrated, remelted for 1-2 hours at 900-1100 ℃ in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 10-20Pa, cooled and solidified, and then crushed and screened to obtain the refining agent with the grain size of less than or equal to 2 millimeters.
The air holes and the inclusions can cut off the aluminum matrix, destroy the structural continuity of the aluminum alloy and seriously reduce the strength and the plasticity of the aluminum alloy. The existing refining agents are all finished refining agents obtained by directly mixing after drying and dehydration, and although the method is simple and low in cost, the interaction among the components of the refining agents is not fully exerted, which is also an important reason for low efficiency of degassing and impurity removal of the existing refining agents. In addition, the existing refining agent also commonly contains a large amount of villiaumite, nitrate, sulfate, hexachloroethane and the like, and a large amount of irritant and unpleasant smoke gas such as hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide and the like is produced in the refining process, so that environmental pollution and human health harm are caused.
In order to improve the degassing and impurity removal efficiency of aluminum alloy liquid in a furnace and improve the strength and plasticity of aluminum alloy, the inventor develops a more efficient and environment-friendly remelting type aluminum alloy refining agent through a large amount of experimental research, the components of the refining agent can be fused and crystallized with each other through high-temperature remelting, the melting point of the refining agent is obviously reduced, and the refining agent is easier to melt in the aluminum alloy liquid. Meanwhile, the components of the refining agent can generate better physical and chemical promotion effect in the aluminum alloy liquid, thereby having the effect of improving the physical and chemical promotion effectHigher degassing and impurity removing efficiency. Such as MgCl 2 Has a melting point of 712 deg.C and a melting point of NaCl of 800 deg.C, and when the refining agent is remelted at a high temperature, mgCl 2 And NaCl to form MgCl 2 NaCl eutectic with a melting point lower than 500 ℃, so that the refining agent has a lower melting temperature and is easier to melt in aluminum alloy liquid, and better degassing and impurity removing effects are achieved.
Wherein, mgCl 2 And NaCl as the main component of the refining agent, mgCl 2 NaCl and aluminum alloy liquid react to generate AlCl with the boiling point of 182.7 DEG C 3 ，AlCl 3 The bubbles can adsorb partial hydrogen and impurities in the aluminum alloy liquid floating process, so that the effects of degassing, removing impurities and purifying are achieved. Part of MgCl 2 And NaCl is directly decomposed under the thermal action of high-temperature aluminum alloy liquid to release Cl + Ions, cl + Ions react with hydrogen in the aluminum alloy liquid to generate HCl gas, HCl bubbles further adsorb and take away impurities in the process of overflowing the aluminum alloy liquid, and the efficient degassing, impurity removal and purification effects are achieved.
K 2 NiF 6 And KBF 4 Can react with aluminum alloy liquid to generate KAlF 4 、K 3 AlF 6 And NiB 2 Reaction to give KAlF 4 And K 3 AlF 6 Is in molten salt state, has large surface tension, is not infiltrated with aluminum alloy liquid, and is suitable for Al 2 O 3 The oxide inclusions have good dissolving and wetting effects and can promote Al 2 O 3 And the separation of oxide inclusions and aluminum alloy liquid is carried out, so that the impurity removal and purification effects are improved. By-product NiB obtained by reaction 2 Can be used as a heterogeneous nucleation core when the aluminum alloy liquid is solidified, plays a role in refining crystal grains, and is beneficial to obtaining an aluminum alloy cast rod with finer and more uniform crystal grains.
Fe is an inevitable impurity element in aluminum alloys, usually Al 3 Fe、FeSiAl 3 、Fe 2 SiAl 8 、Fe 2 Si 2 Al 9 、Fe 3 Si 2 Al 12 The presence of coarse, needle-like or flake-like Fe-rich phases can impair the strength and plasticity of the aluminum alloy. In order to improve the degassing and impurity-removing efficiency of the refining agent and eliminate coarse Fe-rich phaseAfter a large amount of experimental research, the inventor finds that a small amount of SbCO is added into the refining agent 3 LiCl and BeCl 2 ，SbCO 3 CO can be decomposed in high-temperature aluminum alloy liquid 2 LiCl and BeCl 2 Can react in aluminum alloy liquid to generate AlCl with the boiling point of only 183 DEG C 3 ，CO 2 And AlCl 3 The bubbles can absorb and take away hydrogen and Al in the floating process 2 O 3 And the impurities are removed by degassing. Sb, li and Be elements obtained by reaction enter the aluminum alloy liquid, and the coarse Fe-rich phase is refined and modified in the aluminum alloy solidification process, so that the coarse needle-shaped or sheet-shaped Fe-rich phase is converted into fine particles which are dispersed and distributed on an aluminum matrix and a crystal boundary, the harm of the coarse Fe-rich phase can Be eliminated, and the strength and the plasticity of the aluminum alloy can Be improved.
In the step (4), in order to improve the structural component uniformity of the cast aluminum bar and improve the extrusion processing performance of the aluminum bar, the aluminum alloy liquid needs to be subjected to grain refinement treatment. The grain refiner can be aluminum-titanium-boron alloy, aluminum-titanium-carbon alloy, and the like. Preferably, the grain refiner is Al5Ti1B alloy rod, the addition amount is 0.4-0.6% of the total weight of the raw materials, and the grain refiner is added into the aluminum alloy liquid on a runner before semi-continuous casting, so that the best grain refining effect can be achieved.
In the step (5), the aluminum matrix is cracked by the pores and the inclusions, and the strength and the plasticity of the aluminum alloy are reduced. In order to further improve the purity of the aluminum alloy liquid, the aluminum alloy liquid before casting needs to be subjected to online degassing and filtering treatment, namely, the aluminum alloy liquid sequentially flows through a degassing machine and a foamed ceramic filter plate which are arranged on a flow groove, and the high-purity aluminum alloy liquid is obtained through the online degassing and filtering treatment, so that the strength and the plasticity of the aluminum alloy are improved. Preferably, the rotation speed of the graphite rotor of the degasser is 500-600 revolutions per minute, the gas is argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent, the flow of the argon is 1.5-2.5 cubic meters per hour, the pressure of the argon is 0.35-0.45MPa, and the filtering is performed by adopting a front 50-mesh and rear 80-mesh double-stage foamed ceramic filter plate.
In step (6), in order to obtain high-quality semi-continuous cast aluminum bars and prevent casting accidents, strict adherence to operating rules of semi-continuous casting and strict control of technological parameters of semi-continuous casting are required. The diameter of the aluminum bar is small, the casting speed can be higher, the diameter of the aluminum bar is large, and the casting speed is lower. The temperature of the casting machine cooling water cannot exceed 50 ℃. Preferably, the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 680-720 ℃, the speed of the semi-continuous casting is 100-200 mm/min, and the temperature of the cooling water of the semi-continuous casting machine is 20-50 ℃.
In the step (7), the aluminum alloy round bar is homogenized for the purpose of eliminating element segregation of the aluminum alloy round bar, melting coarse second-phase compounds, eliminating stress of the aluminum alloy round bar and improving extrusion performance of the aluminum alloy round bar. Too low a homogenization temperature or too short a time may result in incomplete homogenization treatment. Too high a homogenizing temperature can cause the aluminum alloy round bar to be over-burnt, and the extrusion performance and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy are deteriorated. Preferably, the homogenizing temperature of the aluminum alloy round bar is 550-590 ℃, and the homogenizing time is 9-12 hours.
In the step (8), trace Zr, sc and Er elements are added to the aluminum alloy, so that the growth of recrystallized grains can be effectively inhibited, the extrusion is allowed to be carried out at higher temperature and higher speed, the production efficiency is obviously improved, the extruded aluminum alloy cannot generate coarse crystals, and the extruded aluminum alloy is ensured to obtain high strength and high plasticity. But the extrusion temperature and the extrusion speed cannot be too high, and the growth of recrystallized grains of the extruded aluminum alloy is also caused. The extrusion temperature and extrusion speed cannot be too low, otherwise, the extruded aluminum alloy cannot be induced to recrystallize, and a fine and uniform grain structure is obtained. Preferably, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy round bar is 430-550 ℃, the machine temperature of the extrusion die is 480-500 ℃, the advancing speed of the extrusion rod is 1-30 mm/s, and the extrusion ratio is 10-50. The aluminum alloy obtained by extrusion can be subjected to forced air cooling, water spray cooling, water mist combined cooling, water trough through-water cooling and the like, and preferably is subjected to water trough through-water cooling. The cooled aluminum alloy must be subjected to stretch straightening, the deformation amount of the stretch straightening is not too small or too large, and the required size and straightness cannot be obtained in either case. Preferably, the amount of deformation in the stretch straightening is 1 to 3%.
In the step (9), the aging treatment can further improve the strength of the aluminum alloy, and after a great deal of experimental research on the aging process of the extruded aluminum alloy, the inventor finds that the extruded aluminum alloy can be heated to 170-220 ℃ for aging for 4-10 hours, and then cooled along with a furnace or cooled in air to room temperature, and the high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy can be obtained. When the aging temperature is higher than 220 ℃ or the aging time is longer than 10 hours, the extruded aluminum alloy is over-aged, and when the aging temperature is lower than 170 ℃ or the aging time is shorter than 4 hours, the extruded aluminum alloy is under-aged, so that the high-strength and high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy cannot be obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, the content of Mg, si and Cu strengthening elements is optimized, trace Zr, sc and Er elements are added in a compounding manner, the grain structure of the cast aluminum bar is refined, the purity of the aluminum alloy is improved, the technological parameters of homogenization, extrusion and aging of the aluminum alloy round bar are optimized, the problem of mutual restriction between strength and plasticity is solved, the strength and plasticity of the extruded aluminum alloy are greatly improved, and meanwhile, the extruded aluminum alloy has excellent extrusion processing performance.
(2) The tensile strength of the extruded aluminum alloy is more than or equal to 330MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 300MPa, the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 15 percent, the Vickers hardness is more than or equal to 16, compared with the 6005 and 6005A extruded aluminum alloy, the strength is improved by 10 percent, the plasticity is improved by 40 percent, the characteristics of high strength and high plasticity are achieved, meanwhile, the extrusion processing performance is excellent, the extrusion aluminum alloy is suitable for manufacturing various bearing and stressed structural members, and the effects of reducing weight and improving safety are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a grain structure of a cross section of an extruded aluminum alloy of example 1.
FIG. 2 is a grain structure of a cross section of an extruded aluminum alloy of example 2.
FIG. 3 is a grain structure of a cross section of an extruded aluminum alloy of example 3.
FIG. 4 is a grain structure of a cross section of an extruded aluminum alloy of example 4.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.8 to 0.9 percent of Si, 0.6 to 0.7 percent of Mg, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Cu, 0.02 to 0.03 percent of Ti, 0.004 to 0.006 percent of B, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Fe, the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, the single content of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, the total amount of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the sum of the mass percent of all the components is 100 percent.
The aluminum alloy also contains trace Zr, sc and Er elements, wherein the mass percent of Zr is 0.02-0.1%, the mass percent of Sc is 0.02-0.1%, the mass percent of Er is 0.02-0.1%, and the sum of the mass percent of Zr, sc and Er is more than or equal to 0.1% and less than or equal to 0.2%.
A preparation method of a high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot, an aluminum-silicon alloy, an aluminum-copper alloy, an aluminum-zirconium alloy, an aluminum-scandium alloy and an aluminum-erbium alloy as raw materials according to the composition and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy for proportioning;
(2) Adding the raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace with a permanent magnetic stirring function, and heating and melting the raw materials into aluminum alloy liquid at 720-760 ℃;
(3) Carrying out blowing refining, degassing and impurity removal on aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace by using inert gas and an aluminum alloy refining agent, slagging off and then standing for a period of time;
(4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding an Al5Ti1B alloy rod grain refiner accounting for 0.4-0.6% of the total weight of the raw materials for online grain refinement treatment;
(5) Enabling the aluminum alloy liquid to sequentially flow through a degassing machine and a foamed ceramic filter plate which are arranged on a launder to carry out online degassing and filtering treatment;
(6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy round bar;
(7) Heating the aluminum alloy round bar to 550-590 ℃, and preserving heat for 9-12 hours to carry out homogenization treatment;
(8) Heating an aluminum alloy round bar and extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into aluminum alloy;
(9) And carrying out aging treatment on the extruded aluminum alloy to obtain the high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy.
Wherein, the inert gas in the step (3) is argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent, the dosage of the aluminum alloy refining agent is 0.2 to 0.3 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, the blowing refining time is 15 to 25 minutes, and the standing time is 30 to 60 minutes.
The refining agent in the step (3) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mgCl 2 30-45％，NaCl 25-40％，KBF 4 5-10％，K 2 NiF 6 5-10％，SbCO 3 6-8％，LiCl 3-5％，BeCl 2 2-4 percent of the refining agent, the refining agent is prepared by a remelting method, the refining agent is dried and dehydrated, remelted for 1-2 hours at 900-1100 ℃ in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 10-20Pa, cooled and solidified, and then crushed and screened to obtain the refining agent with the grain size of less than or equal to 2 millimeters.
In the step (5), the rotation speed of the graphite rotor of the degasser is 500-600 revolutions per minute, the gas is argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent, the flow of the argon is 1.5-2.5 cubic meters per hour, the pressure of the argon is 0.35-0.45MPa, and the filtering of the foamed ceramic filter plate is realized by adopting a front 50-mesh and rear 80-mesh double-stage foamed ceramic filter plate.
The temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid in the step (6) is 680-720 ℃, the speed of semi-continuous casting is 100-200 mm/min, and the temperature of cooling water of the semi-continuous casting machine is 20-50 ℃.
In the step (8), the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy round bar is 430-550 ℃, the machine temperature of the extrusion die is 480-500 ℃, the pushing speed of the extrusion rod is 1-30 mm/s, and the extrusion ratio is 10-50.
The temperature of the aging treatment in the step (9) is 170-220 ℃, and the aging treatment is 4-10 hours.
The following specific examples and verification examples are also provided:
example 1
The extruded aluminum alloy comprises the following mass percentThe components: 0.86% of Si, 0.64% of Mg, 0.19% of Cu, 0.025% of Ti, 0.005% of B, 0.04% of Zr, 0.03% of Sc, 0.05% of Er, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the single content of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15%. The preparation method sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) Selecting an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot, an aluminum-silicon alloy, an aluminum-copper alloy, an aluminum-zirconium alloy, a scandium-aluminum-scandium alloy and an aluminum-erbium alloy as raw materials according to the composition and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy for proportioning; (2) Adding raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace with a permanent magnet stirring function, heating and melting the raw materials into aluminum alloy liquid at 740 ℃, then starting a permanent magnet stirring device, and stirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 20 minutes by adopting a circulation mode of forward rotation for 1 minute and then reverse rotation for 1 minute; (3) The method comprises the following steps of blowing and refining aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace for 20 minutes by using argon with the purity of 99.9 percent and an aluminum alloy refining agent with the total weight of 0.25 percent of raw materials, and standing for 40 minutes after slagging off, wherein the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mgCl 2 40.3％，NaCl 34.1％，KBF 4 6.3％，K 2 NiF 6 6.5％，SbCO 3 7.1％，LiCl 3.3％，BeCl 2 2.4 percent, and the refining agent is prepared by a remelting method: drying and dehydrating the refining agent, heating for 1.5 hours at 1000 ℃ in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 15Pa, cooling, solidifying, crushing and screening to obtain the refining agent with the particle size of less than or equal to 2 mm; (ii) a (4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding an Al5Ti1B alloy rod grain refiner accounting for 0.5 percent of the total weight of the raw materials for online grain refinement treatment; (5) Enabling the aluminum alloy liquid to sequentially flow through a degassing machine which is arranged on a launder and is provided with a graphite rotor with the rotation speed of 550 revolutions per minute, the purity of argon gas of 99.9 percent, the flow rate of the argon gas of 2 cubic meters per hour and the pressure of the argon gas of 0.4MPa, and a two-stage foamed ceramic filter plate with the front 50 meshes and the rear 80 meshes for online degassing and filtering treatment; (6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy round bar under the conditions that the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 700 ℃, the semi-continuous casting speed is 150 mm/min and the temperature of cooling water of a semi-continuous casting machine is 30 ℃; (7) homogenizing the aluminum alloy round bar at 580 ℃ for 10 hours; (8) Heating the aluminum alloy round bar to 490 ℃, and then arranging an extrusion die on the machine at 490 ℃ and the extrusion rod at the advancing speed of 15 mmExtruding the aluminum alloy under the conditions of per second and extrusion ratio of 20; (9) And aging the extruded aluminum alloy at 190 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain the extruded aluminum alloy.
Example 2
The extruded aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.8% of Si, 0.7% of Mg, 0.25% of Cu, 0.03% of Ti, 0.006% of B, 0.03% of Zr, 0.05% of Sc, 0.07% of Er, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, the content of single impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15%. The preparation method sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) Selecting an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot, an aluminum-silicon alloy, an aluminum-copper alloy, an aluminum-zirconium alloy, a scandium-aluminum-scandium alloy and an aluminum-erbium alloy as raw materials according to the composition and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy for proportioning; (2) Adding raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace with a permanent magnet stirring function, heating and melting the raw materials into aluminum alloy liquid at 760 ℃, then starting a permanent magnet stirring device, and stirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 25 minutes by adopting a circulation mode of forward rotation for 1 minute and then reverse rotation for 1 minute; (3) The method comprises the following steps of blowing and refining aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace for 25 minutes by using argon with the purity of 99.9 percent and an aluminum alloy refining agent with the total weight of 0.3 percent of raw materials, and standing for 60 minutes after slagging off, wherein the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mgCl 2 30.2％，NaCl 39.8％，KBF 4 7.3％，K 2 NiF 6 9.9％，SbCO 3 6.1％，LiCl 3.4％，BeCl 2 3.3 percent, and the refining agent is prepared by a remelting method: drying and dehydrating the refining agent, heating for 1 hour at 1100 ℃ in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 10Pa, cooling, solidifying, crushing and screening to obtain the refining agent with the particle size of less than or equal to 2 mm; (4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding an Al5Ti1B alloy rod grain refiner accounting for 0.6 percent of the total weight of the raw materials for online grain refinement treatment; (5) Enabling the aluminum alloy liquid to sequentially flow through a degassing machine which is arranged on a launder and is provided with a graphite rotor with the rotating speed of 500 r/min, the purity of argon gas of 99.9 percent, the flow rate of the argon gas of 2.5 cubic meters per hour and the pressure of the argon gas of 0.35MPa, and a two-stage foamed ceramic filter plate with the front 50 meshes and the rear 80 meshes for online degassing and filtering treatment; (6) Semi-continuous casting at the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid of 720 ℃ and the semi-continuous casting speed of 100 mm/minSemi-continuously casting aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy round bar under the condition that the temperature of cooling water of the machine is 20 ℃; (7) homogenizing the aluminum alloy round bar at 590 ℃ for 9 hours; (8) Heating an aluminum alloy round bar to 430 ℃, and then extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into aluminum alloy under the conditions that the machine temperature of an extrusion die is 480 ℃, the advancing speed of an extrusion rod is 30 mm/s, and the extrusion ratio is 10; (9) Aging the extruded aluminum alloy at 220 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain the extruded aluminum alloy.
Example 3
The extruded aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.9% of Si, 0.6% of Mg, 0.15% of Cu, 0.02% of Ti, 0.004% of B, 0.02% of Zr, 0.1% of Sc, 0.03% of Er, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, the single content of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15%. The preparation method sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) Selecting an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot, an aluminum-silicon alloy, an aluminum-copper alloy, an aluminum-zirconium alloy, a scandium-aluminum-scandium alloy and an aluminum-erbium alloy as raw materials according to the composition and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy for proportioning; (2) Adding raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace with a permanent magnet stirring function, heating and melting the raw materials into aluminum alloy liquid at 720 ℃, then starting a permanent magnet stirring device, and stirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 15 minutes in a circulation mode of forward rotation for 1 minute and then reverse rotation for 1 minute; (3) The method comprises the following steps of blowing and refining aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace for 15 minutes by using argon with the purity of 99.9 percent and an aluminum alloy refining agent with the total weight of 0.2 percent of raw materials, and standing for 30 minutes after slagging off, wherein the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mgCl 2 44.8％，NaCl 25.2％，KBF 4 5.3％，K 2 NiF 6 5.1％，SbCO 3 6.7％，LiCl 3.9％，BeCl 2 2.0 percent, and the refining agent is prepared by a remelting method: drying and dehydrating the refining agent, heating for 2 hours at 900 ℃ in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 20Pa, cooling, solidifying, crushing and screening to obtain the refining agent with the particle size of less than or equal to 2 mm; (4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding an Al5Ti1B alloy rod grain refiner accounting for 0.4-0.6% of the total weight of the raw materials for online grain refinement treatment; (5) Aluminum alloy liquid flows through argon with the rotation speed of 600 revolutions per minute and the purity of 99.9 percent of a graphite rotor arranged on a launder in sequenceA degassing machine with gas and argon flow of 1.5 cubic meters per hour and argon pressure of 0.45MPa and a two-stage foamed ceramic filter plate with the front 50 meshes and the rear 80 meshes are subjected to online degassing and filtering treatment; (6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy round bar under the conditions that the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 680 ℃, the semi-continuous casting speed is 200 mm/min and the temperature of cooling water of a semi-continuous casting machine is 50 ℃; (7) homogenizing the aluminum alloy round bar at 550 ℃ for 12 hours; (8) Heating an aluminum alloy round bar to 550 ℃, and then extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into aluminum alloy under the conditions that the machine temperature of an extrusion die is 500 ℃, the advancing speed of an extrusion rod is 1 mm/s, and the extrusion ratio is 50; (9) Aging the extruded aluminum alloy at 170 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain the extruded aluminum alloy.
Example 4
The extruded aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.83 percent of Si, 0.65 percent of Mg, 0.22 percent of Cu, 0.025 percent of Ti, 0.005 percent of B, 0.1 percent of Zr, 0.02 percent of Sc, 0.08 percent of Er, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Fe, the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the single content of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total content of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15 percent. The preparation method sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) Selecting an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot, an aluminum-silicon alloy, an aluminum-copper alloy, an aluminum-zirconium alloy, a scandium-aluminum-scandium alloy and an aluminum-erbium alloy as raw materials according to the composition and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy for proportioning; (2) Adding raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace with a permanent magnet stirring function, heating and melting the raw materials into aluminum alloy liquid at 750 ℃, then starting a permanent magnet stirring device, and stirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 20 minutes by adopting a circulation mode of forward rotation for 1 minute and then reverse rotation for 1 minute; (3) The method comprises the following steps of blowing and refining aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace for 18 minutes by using argon with the purity of 99.9 percent and an aluminum alloy refining agent with the total weight of 0.25 percent of raw materials, and standing for 50 minutes after slagging off, wherein the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mgCl 2 35.2％，NaCl 35.8％，KBF 4 5.3％，K 2 NiF 6 8.9％，SbCO 3 7.1％，LiCl 4.4％，BeCl 2 3.3 percent, and the refining agent is prepared by a remelting method: drying and dehydrating the refining agent, heating for 1.6 hours at 950 ℃ in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 18Pa, cooling, solidifying, crushing and screening to obtain the product with the particle size of less than or equal to 2mmThe refining agent; (4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding an Al5Ti1B alloy rod grain refiner accounting for 0.5 percent of the total weight of the raw materials for online grain refinement treatment; (5) Enabling the aluminum alloy liquid to sequentially flow through a degassing machine which is arranged on a launder and is provided with a graphite rotor with the rotating speed of 520 revolutions per minute, the purity of argon gas of 99.9 percent, the flow rate of the argon gas of 2.2 cubic meters per hour and the pressure of the argon gas of 0.38MPa, and a two-stage foamed ceramic filter plate with the front 50 meshes and the rear 80 meshes for online degassing and filtering treatment; (6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy round bar under the conditions that the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 690 ℃, the semi-continuous casting speed is 180 mm/min and the temperature of cooling water of a semi-continuous casting machine is 40 ℃; (7) homogenizing the aluminum alloy round bar at 570 ℃ for 10 hours; (8) Heating an aluminum alloy round bar to 520 ℃, and then extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into aluminum alloy under the conditions that the operating temperature of an extrusion die is 495 ℃, the advancing speed of an extrusion rod is 25 mm/s and the extrusion ratio is 30; (9) And aging the extruded aluminum alloy at 210 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain the extruded aluminum alloy.
Verification example 1
Samples were taken from the extruded aluminum alloys of examples 1 to 4, and after grinding, polishing and etching, the grain structure of the extruded aluminum alloy cross section was observed under an optical microscope, fig. 1 shows the grain structure of the extruded aluminum alloy cross section of example 1, fig. 2 shows the grain structure of the extruded aluminum alloy cross section of example 2, fig. 3 shows the grain structure of the extruded aluminum alloy cross section of example 3, and fig. 4 shows the grain structure of the extruded aluminum alloy cross section of example 4. As can be seen from fig. 1-4, the extruded aluminum alloy has a fine uniform equiaxed grain structure in cross section. The invention can prevent the growth of recrystallized grains of the extruded aluminum alloy and obtain fine and uniform equiaxial grain structure by optimizing the component composition and the preparation process of the extruded aluminum alloy.
Verification example 2
Samples were taken from the extruded aluminum alloys of examples 1 to 4, processed into standard tensile specimens, and then subjected to room-temperature stretching in an electronic tensile testing machine at a stretching rate of 2mm/min, and the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation after fracture of the extruded aluminum alloys were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1. The results of using a Vickers hardness tester to test the Vickers hardness values of the extruded aluminum alloys are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the extruded aluminum alloys of examples 1-4 have tensile strengths greater than 330MPa, yield strengths greater than 300MPa, elongations after fracture greater than 15%, and Vickers hardnesses greater than 16. Conventional 6005 and 6005A extruded aluminum alloys typically have tensile strengths of less than 290MPa, yield strengths of less than 270MPa, elongation after fracture of less than 11%, and wecker hardness of less than 15. The comparison shows that the strength of the extruded aluminum alloy is improved by 10 percent, the plasticity is improved by more than 40 percent, and the extruded aluminum alloy has higher strength and plasticity.
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | |
| Tensile strength/MPa | 335.4 | 346.7 | 330.9 | 341.5 |
| Yield strength/MPa | 306.8 | 315.8 | 302.9 | 312.5 |
| Elongation after break/% | 15.7 | 15.1 | 15.9 | 15.3 |
| Wechsler hardness value HW | 16.5 | 16.8 | 16.2 | 16.7 |
Table 1: examples 1-4 mechanical properties of extruded aluminum alloys.
Claims (9)
1. The high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.8 to 0.9 percent of Si, 0.6 to 0.7 percent of Mg, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Cu, 0.02 to 0.03 percent of Ti, 0.004 to 0.006 percent of B, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Fe, the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, the single content of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, the total amount of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the sum of the mass percentages of all the components is 100 percent.
2. The high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy according to claim 1, further comprising trace amounts of Zr, sc and Er elements, wherein the mass percent of Zr is 0.02-0.1%, the mass percent of Sc is 0.02-0.1%, the mass percent of Er is 0.02-0.1%, and the sum of the mass percent of Zr, sc and Er is more than or equal to 0.1% and less than or equal to 0.2%.
3. A method for producing a high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 2, which comprises the following steps in sequence:
(1) Selecting an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot, an aluminum-silicon alloy, an aluminum-copper alloy, an aluminum-zirconium alloy, an aluminum-scandium alloy and an aluminum-erbium alloy as raw materials according to the composition and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy for proportioning;
(2) Adding the raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace with a permanent magnetic stirring function, and heating and melting the raw materials into aluminum alloy liquid at 720-760 ℃;
(3) Carrying out blowing refining, degassing and impurity removal on aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace by using inert gas and an aluminum alloy refining agent, slagging off and then standing for a period of time;
(4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding an Al5Ti1B alloy rod grain refiner accounting for 0.4-0.6% of the total weight of the raw materials for online grain refinement treatment;
(5) Enabling the aluminum alloy liquid to sequentially flow through a degassing machine and a foamed ceramic filter plate which are arranged on a launder to carry out online degassing and filtering treatment;
(6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy round bar;
(7) Heating the aluminum alloy round bar to 550-590 ℃, and preserving heat for 9-12 hours to carry out homogenization treatment;
(8) Heating an aluminum alloy round bar and extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into aluminum alloy;
(9) And carrying out aging treatment on the extruded aluminum alloy to obtain the high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy.
4. The method for preparing the high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein the inert gas in the step (3) is argon with the purity of not less than 99.9%, the amount of the aluminum alloy refining agent is 0.2-0.3% of the total weight of the raw materials, the blowing refining time is 15-25 minutes, and the standing time is 30-60 minutes.
5. The method for producing a high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein the refining agent in the step (3) is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: mgCl 2 30-45％，NaCl 25-40％，KBF 4 5-10％，K 2 NiF 6 5-10％，SbCO 3 6-8％，LiCl 3-5％，BeCl 2 2-4 percent, the refining agent is prepared by a remelting method, the refining agent is dried and dehydrated, remelted for 1-2 hours at 900-1100 ℃ in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 10-20Pa, cooled and solidified, and crushed and screened to obtain the refining agentThe grain size of the refining agent is less than or equal to 2 mm.
6. The method for preparing the high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein the graphite rotor of the degasser in the step (5) rotates at a speed of 500-600 rpm, the gas is argon with a purity of 99.9% or more, the flow of the argon is 1.5-2.5 cubic meters per hour, the pressure of the argon is 0.35-0.45MPa, and the filtering of the foamed ceramic filter plate is performed by a two-stage foamed ceramic filter plate with 50 meshes in the front and 80 meshes in the rear.
7. The method for preparing a high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid in the step (6) is 680-720 ℃, the speed of the semi-continuous casting is 100-200 mm/min, and the temperature of the cooling water of the semi-continuous casting machine is 20-50 ℃.
8. The method for preparing a high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein in the step (8), the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy round bar is 430-550 ℃, the feeding temperature of an extrusion die is 480-500 ℃, the pushing speed of an extrusion rod is 1-30 mm/s, and the extrusion ratio is 10-50.
9. The method for producing a high-strength high-plasticity extruded aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein the aging treatment in step (9) is performed at a temperature of 170 to 220 ℃ for 4 to 10 hours.
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| CN102549185A (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2012-07-04 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | Aluminum alloy extrudate with excellent bending crushing strength and corrosion resistance |
| CN104046859A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2014-09-17 | 龙口市丛林铝材有限公司 | Grain-refined extruded aluminum alloy tubular product with large wall thickness and preparation method thereof |
| CN108330354A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-07-27 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | A kind of electronic equipment high-strength aluminum alloy and its preparation and pressing method |
| CN110669964A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-10 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | High-performance rare earth Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy extrusion material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113083923A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-07-09 | 山东创新金属科技有限公司 | Production process of aluminum alloy shell for electronic product |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102549185A (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2012-07-04 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | Aluminum alloy extrudate with excellent bending crushing strength and corrosion resistance |
| CN104046859A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2014-09-17 | 龙口市丛林铝材有限公司 | Grain-refined extruded aluminum alloy tubular product with large wall thickness and preparation method thereof |
| CN108330354A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-07-27 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | A kind of electronic equipment high-strength aluminum alloy and its preparation and pressing method |
| CN110669964A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-10 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | High-performance rare earth Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy extrusion material and preparation method thereof |
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