CN115974624A - High-yield slow-release compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and application thereof - Google Patents
High-yield slow-release compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
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- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 108010020346 Polyglutamic Acid Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920002643 polyglutamic acid Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- DZHMRSPXDUUJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N [amino(hydroxy)methylidene]azanium;dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound NC(N)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DZHMRSPXDUUJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002463 imidates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000223259 Trichoderma Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 30
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
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- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000223260 Trichoderma harzianum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008485 antagonism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004313 potentiometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a slow-release compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizers. The slow release compound fertilizer comprises the following components: biochar, humic acid, urea phosphate, potassium sulfate, a compound microbial agent and a coating material; the coating material comprises polyvinyl alcohol, polyglutamic acid and zeolite powder. The components of the slow-release compound fertilizer have synergistic effect, so that the pH value of the saline-alkali soil is effectively reduced, the nitrogen leaching loss is effectively prevented, the fertilizer efficiency of the compound fertilizer is prolonged, the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced, and the crop yield is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of improved fertilizers, in particular to a slow-release compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The salt in the saline-alkali soil is accumulated on the surface layer, so that the root system of the plant is difficult to absorb water, the physiological drought of the plant is caused, the water loss of the plant is serious, and the phenomenon of reverse osmosis directly causes the withering and death of the plant; the salt content in the soil is increased, the concentration of certain ions is too high, the soil is easy to generate toxic action on general plants, and the soil is directly corroded and harmful to tender shoots, young roots and fiber tissues of the plants. In addition, when the soluble salt in the soil is too much, the soil fertility is also reduced, the content of carbonate and bicarbonate in the saline-alkali soil is increased, after hydrolysis, the alkalinity and acidity of the soil are strong along with the increase of the pH value of the soil, and the solubility of major elements and trace elements in the soil is greatly reduced along with the enhancement of the alkalinity, so that the effectiveness of soil nutrient elements is reduced, the absorption and utilization of plants to soil nutrients are inhibited, and the yield is reduced. Also, in the case where soil nutrient elements are decreased, application of the compound fertilizer can increase the yield in a short time, but can also cause a reduction in the yield of crops for a long time. Therefore, the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali soil resources are important for agricultural development and ecological protection.
At present, the method for improving the saline-alkali soil mainly comprises a physical method, a chemical method and a biological method. The physical method generally adopts irrigation and drainage systems, methods such as flushing and desalting, loosening and ploughing, sand pressing and the like to achieve the purpose of improving utilization, but cannot be really popularized in production due to overhigh cost, overlow output, secondary pollution or resource limitation; although chemical methods can improve crop yield in saline-alkali soil in a short time, the co-workers are easy to cause pollution aggravation in other forms of saline-alkali soil improvement, for example, soda saline-alkali soilEarth, SO 2 Although the introduction of (2) can reduce the pH value of the soil, the Na with stronger solubility is generated 2 SO 4 The salinity stress of the root system of the plant is increased; the traditional biological method mainly plants saline-alkali tolerant plants and fertilizes the soil, has long period and high cost, and is difficult to rapidly and efficiently improve the soil of large-area saline-alkali land and improve the yield of crops.
The compound fertilizer mainly contains three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and lost nutrients, so that the total yield of crops is increased, but the utilization rate of the compound fertilizer in saline-alkali soil tends to be reduced, and the yield of the crops is not as high as before. Various agricultural researches indicate that although the compound fertilizer can supplement sufficient nutrients for soil, the nutrient loss of the saline-alkali soil is serious, more compound fertilizer needs to be applied for many times to ensure the high yield of crops, and the increase of the using amount of the compound fertilizer can bring adverse effects to the soil and the environment. Therefore, the invention is in need of the slow release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, which can prolong the fertilizer efficiency, improve the soil environment and increase the crop yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-yield slow-release compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a high-yield slow-release compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of biochar, 3-8 parts of humic acid, 25-35 parts of urea, 18-23 parts of urea phosphate, 7-13 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.3-0.9 part of compound microbial agent and 31.5-46.5 parts of coating material; the coating material comprises polyvinyl alcohol, polyglutamic acid and zeolite powder; the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the polyglutamic acid to the zeolite powder is (0.3-1.5) to (1-5) to (20-30).
Preferably, the compound microbial agent comprises a bacillus subtilis ZLS-01 microbial agent, an aspergillus niger NJDL-12 microbial agent and a trichoderma ST02 microbial agent, and the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis ZLS-01 microbial agent to the aspergillus niger NJDL-12 microbial agent to the trichoderma ST02 microbial agent is (1-3) to (1-3).
The invention also provides a preparation method of the slow-release compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: mixing the polyvinyl alcohol with water to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution, mixing the polyvinyl alcohol solution with a polyglutamic acid and imido ester solution to obtain a reaction system, performing crosslinking modification, mixing the reaction system with the urea and zeolite powder after the reaction is finished, and sieving to obtain coated urea; and mixing the coated urea with the biochar, humic acid, urea phosphate, potassium sulfate and the compound microbial agent to obtain the slow-release compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the mass percentage of the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 3% -8%.
Preferably, the volume percentage content of the imido ester solution is preferably 20-30%; the addition amount of the imido ester solution is 0.1-0.5% of the volume of the reaction system.
Preferably, the temperature of the crosslinking modification is 55-65 ℃, and the time is 1.5-2.5h.
The invention also provides application of the slow-release compound fertilizer in improving crop yield.
Preferably, the crop comprises corn.
Preferably, the slow-release compound fertilizer is applied based on the ground.
Preferably, the application amount of the slow-release compound fertilizer is 30-40 kg/mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a high-yield slow-release compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following components: biochar, humic acid, urea phosphate, potassium sulfate, a compound microbial agent and a coating material; the coating material comprises polyvinyl alcohol, polyglutamic acid and zeolite powder. The biochar can loosen soil, improve the hardening condition of saline-alkali soil, improve the capability of the soil for adsorbing organic matters and fertilizers, improve the organic matter content of the soil, delay the release of the fertilizers and play a role in increasing fertilizer and slowly releasing; the humic acid has various active groups, and can improve the buffering capacity of soil on alkalinity change; after urea is coated, the nitrogen leaching loss in the crop planting process can be reduced; the urea phosphate is acidic, so that the pH value of the saline-alkali soil can be reduced, and the effects of improving the soil structure, promoting the growth of crops and the like are achieved; the compound microbial agent increases the diversity of microorganisms in soil, and has the effects of enhancing the activity of soil microorganisms, improving the physical and chemical properties of soil and improving the soil fertility. The components of the slow-release compound fertilizer have synergistic effect, so that the pH value of the saline-alkali soil is effectively reduced, the nitrogen leaching loss is effectively prevented, the fertilizer efficiency of the compound fertilizer is prolonged, the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced, and the crop yield is improved.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a high-yield slow-release compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of biochar, 3-8 parts of humic acid, 25-35 parts of urea, 18-23 parts of urea phosphate, 7-13 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.3-0.9 part of compound microbial agent and 31.5-46.5 parts of coating material; the coating material comprises polyvinyl alcohol, polyglutamic acid and zeolite powder; the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the polyglutamic acid to the zeolite powder is (0.3-1.5) to (1-5) to (20-30).
The biochar disclosed by the invention has larger gaps among molecules, has good water absorption capacity, can loosen soil, improves the hardening condition of saline-alkali soil, and simultaneously improves the capacity of the soil for adsorbing organic matters and fertilizers, so that the content of the organic matters in the soil can be improved, the release of the fertilizers can be delayed, and the functions of increasing fertilizer and slowly releasing the fertilizers are achieved; the humic acid has various active groups, has strong hydrophilicity, cation exchange property, complexing ability, higher adsorption ability and the like, and can improve the buffering ability of soil on alkalinity change; after the urea is coated, the nitrogen leaching loss in the crop planting process can be reduced; the urea phosphate is acidic, and can reduce the pH value of the saline-alkali soil to a limited extent, so that the effects of improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, improving the soil structure, promoting the growth of crops and the like are achieved; the compound microbial agent increases the diversity of microorganisms in soil, and has the effects of enhancing the activities of the microorganisms in the soil, improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil and improving the soil fertility. The components of the slow-release compound fertilizer have synergistic effect, so that the pH value of the saline-alkali soil is effectively reduced, the nitrogen leaching loss is effectively prevented, the fertilizer efficiency of the compound fertilizer is prolonged, the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced, and the yield of crops is improved.
In the invention, the compound microbial agent preferably comprises a bacillus subtilis ZLS-01 microbial agent, an aspergillus niger NJDL-12 microbial agent and a trichoderma ST02 microbial agent; the effective viable bacteria amount in the compound microbial agent is more than or equal to 10 8 cfu/mL; the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis ZLS-01 microbial inoculum to the aspergillus niger NJDL-12 microbial inoculum to the trichoderma ST02 microbial inoculum is preferably (1-3) to (1-3), more preferably 2. The Bacillus subtilis ZLS-01 has the preservation number of CGMCC No.3513, is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC for short, the address is China academy of sciences microbiological research institute, postal code 100101) at 12 months and 17 days in 2009, and has the preservation number of CGMCC No.3513; the Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) NJDL-12 with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.11544 is preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) at 10-26 th of 2015, and the preservation addresses are as follows: xilu No.1 Hospital No.3, beijing, chaoyang, north; the Trichoderma ST02 is Trichoderma harzianum ST02, the preservation number is CGMCC No.16964, and the Trichoderma ST02 is preserved in the common microorganism center of China Committee for culture Collection of microorganisms in 2018, 12 months and 5 days. The preparation of the complex microbial inoculum is not particularly limited, and the conventional preparation method in the field is adopted.
The strains of the compound microbial inoculum have no antagonism between every two strains, the functions of all microorganisms are relatively stable, different functions can be played in the slow-release compound fertilizer, the microbial diversity in soil is increased, and the compound microbial inoculum has the effects of enhancing the microbial activity of the soil, improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil and improving the fertility of the soil.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the slow-release compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: mixing the polyvinyl alcohol with water to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution, mixing the polyvinyl alcohol solution with a polyglutamic acid and imido ester solution to obtain a reaction system, performing crosslinking modification, after the reaction is finished, mixing the reaction system with the urea and the zeolite powder, and sieving to obtain coated urea; and mixing the coated urea with the biochar, humic acid, urea phosphate, potassium sulfate and the compound microbial agent to obtain the slow-release compound fertilizer.
The mixing temperature of the polyvinyl alcohol and water is preferably 85-93 ℃, more preferably 90 ℃, and the mixing time is preferably 45-90min, more preferably 60min; the imido ester solution functions as a cross-linking agent; the polyvinyl alcohol and the polyglutamic acid are subjected to cross-linking reaction, so that the coated material with strong adhesion performance and good water resistance can be prepared, and the coated urea obtained after mixing with the urea and the zeolite powder has the capability of slowly releasing nitrogen.
In the invention, the mass percentage of the polyvinyl alcohol solution is preferably 3% -8%, and more preferably 5%; the volume percentage content of the imido ester solution is preferably 20-30%, and more preferably 25%; the addition amount of the imido ester solution is preferably 0.1 to 0.5 percent of the volume of the reaction system, and more preferably 0.3 percent; the temperature of the crosslinking modification is preferably 55 to 65 ℃, more preferably 60 ℃ and the time is preferably 1.5 to 2.5 hours, more preferably 2 hours.
The invention also provides application of the slow-release compound fertilizer in improving crop yield.
In the present invention, the crop preferably comprises corn; the slow-release compound fertilizer is preferably applied on the basis of base; the application amount of the slow-release compound fertilizer is preferably 30-40 kg/mu, and more preferably 35 kg/mu.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all the raw material components are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Preparation of complex microbial inoculum
Respectively activating and planting the bacillus subtilis ZLS-01 bacteria, the aspergillus niger NJDL-12 bacteria and the trichoderma ST02 bacteria by seedsAnd performing seed culture, fermentation culture, concentration and drying to obtain a corresponding microbial inoculum, and mixing the microbial inoculum with equal mass to obtain the compound microbial inoculum. The effective viable bacteria content in the obtained compound microbial agent is more than or equal to 10 8 cfu/mL。
Example 2
Preparation of high-yield slow-release compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil
(1) Mixing 1kg of polyvinyl alcohol with 19kg of water, mixing for 60min at 90 ℃ to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution, mixing with 3kg of polyglutamic acid and 69g of imido ester solution with the volume percentage content of 25% to obtain a reaction system, crosslinking for 2h at 60 ℃, and after the reaction is finished, obtaining a coating solution;
(2) Spraying the coating solution on the surface of 30kg of urea, wrapping with 25kg of zeolite powder, and drying to obtain coated urea;
(3) Uniformly mixing the coated urea with 25kg of biochar, 5kg of humic acid, 20kg of urea phosphate, 10kg of potassium sulfate and 0.5kg of the compound microbial agent obtained in the embodiment 1 to obtain the slow-release compound fertilizer.
Example 3
Preparation of high-yield slow-release compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil
(1) Mixing 0.3kg of polyvinyl alcohol with 9.7kg of water, mixing for 93min at 85 ℃ to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution, mixing with 1kg of polyglutamic acid and 11mL of 20 volume percent imido ester solution to obtain a reaction system, crosslinking for 2.5h at 55 ℃, and obtaining a coating solution after the reaction is finished;
(2) Spraying the coating solution on the surface of 25kg of urea, wrapping with 20kg of zeolite powder, and drying to obtain coated urea;
(3) Uniformly mixing the coated urea with 20kg of biochar, 3kg of humic acid, 18kg of urea phosphate, 7kg of potassium sulfate and 0.3kg of the compound microbial agent obtained in the embodiment 1 to obtain the slow-release compound fertilizer.
Example 4
Preparation of high-yield slow-release compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil
(1) Mixing 1.5kg of polyvinyl alcohol with 18.5kg of water, mixing for 45min at 93 ℃ to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution, mixing with 5kg of polyglutamic acid and 125mL of an imido ester solution with the volume percentage content of 30% to obtain a reaction system, crosslinking for 1.5h at 65 ℃, and obtaining a coating solution after the reaction is finished;
(2) Spraying the coating solution on the surface of 35kg of urea, wrapping with 20kg of zeolite powder, and drying to obtain coated urea;
(3) Uniformly mixing the coated urea with 30kg of biochar, 8kg of humic acid, 23kg of urea phosphate, 13kg of potassium sulfate and 0.9kg of the compound microbial agent obtained in the embodiment 1 to obtain the slow-release compound fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
The detailed description is the same as example 2, except that step (1) and step (2) are absent.
Comparative example 2
The specific embodiment is the same as example 2, except that no biochar is added.
Comparative example 3
The specific embodiment is the same as example 2, except that the complex microbial inoculant is not added.
Experimental example 1
Nitrogen release test of slow-release compound fertilizer
Nitrogen release test in field
By adopting a bagging method, the fertilizers prepared in the examples 2-4 and the comparative examples 1-3 are respectively embedded into a deep soil layer (inner Mongolia saline-alkali soil) of 15cm in a corn planting period in a double-layer nylon gauze bag. Samples were collected at 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, 120d after sowing for assay, 3 replicates per sampling, with no significant difference in soil condition per replicate. The nitrogen is measured by adopting a concentrated sulfuric acid digestion-Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method, and the nitrogen release rate (%) = nitrogen release amount/fertilizer sample weighing multiplied by 100 is calculated, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 partial field nitrogen release rate (%) -for different fertilizers
| Treatment of | 7 days | 14 days | 30 days | 60 days | 90 days | 120 days |
| Example 2 | 18.7 | 34.5 | 42.5 | 55.9 | 75.8 | 83.3 |
| Example 3 | 20.3 | 36.2 | 44.7 | 58.7 | 79.7 | 85.7 |
| Example 4 | 19.5 | 37.9 | 43.7 | 58.4 | 80.2 | 87.5 |
| Comparative example 1 | 38.8 | 50.8 | 73.7 | 85.8 | 89.7 | 96.3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 35.6 | 48.2 | 62.6 | 79.5 | 85.5 | 95.9 |
| Comparative example 3 | 36.8 | 45.4 | 61.3 | 77.9 | 84.9 | 95.2 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the fertilizer release period (time for 80% cumulative release) of examples 1-3 of the present invention is around 120d, which is consistent with the nitrogen requirement during the corn growth process. Compared with the fertilizers of comparative examples 1-3, the fertilizers of the invention have synergistic effect and can achieve obvious slow release effect.
Experimental example 2
Slow-release compound fertilizer field experiment
The experimental site: inmong Huihao Tokto county, the national academy of sciences of Inmong farming and animal husbandry;
corn variety: jingke 968;
experimental setup: fruit of Chinese wolfberry6 treatments of fertilizer application in application examples 2-4 and comparative examples 1-3, wherein the application amount of each fertilizer is 35 kg/mu; taking no fertilization as a control, and treating for 7 times; the planting area of each treated corn is 30m 2 (ii) a Each treatment was repeated 3 times, the condition of the soil in each repetition was not significantly different, and the pH of the soil before and after planting was measured by potentiometry, and the pH of the soil before planting was 8.6.
The fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer for one time before turning the soil, the soil is deeply turned into the soil, the fertilizing depth is 25cm, and the soil is covered.
After the corn is mature, the yield is counted, and the specific result is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 yield and soil pH of different fertilizers
The data in table 2 show that compared with the control, the slow-release compound fertilizer disclosed by the invention can be used for reducing the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, improving the hardening condition of the soil and obviously increasing the yield of corn.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The high-yield slow-release compound fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
20-30 parts of biochar, 3-8 parts of humic acid, 25-35 parts of urea, 18-23 parts of urea phosphate, 7-13 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.3-0.9 part of compound microbial agent and 31.5-46.5 parts of coating material;
the coating material comprises polyvinyl alcohol, polyglutamic acid and zeolite powder; the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the polyglutamic acid to the zeolite powder is (0.3-1.5) to (1-5) to (20-30).
2. The slow-release compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound microbial agent comprises a bacillus subtilis ZLS-01 microbial agent, an aspergillus niger NJDL-12 microbial agent and a trichoderma ST02 microbial agent, and the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis ZLS-01 microbial agent to the aspergillus niger NJDL-12 microbial agent to the trichoderma ST02 microbial agent is (1-3) to (1-3).
3. The method for preparing a slow-release compound fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of: mixing the polyvinyl alcohol with water to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution, mixing the polyvinyl alcohol solution with a polyglutamic acid and imido ester solution to obtain a reaction system, performing crosslinking modification, mixing the reaction system with the urea and zeolite powder after the reaction is finished, and sieving to obtain coated urea; and mixing the coated urea with the biochar, humic acid, urea phosphate, potassium sulfate and the compound microbial agent to obtain the slow-release compound fertilizer.
4. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol solution is present in an amount of 3 to 8% by mass.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the volume percentage of the imido ester solution is 20-30%; the addition amount of the imido ester solution is 0.1-0.5% of the volume of the reaction system.
6. The preparation method of claim 3, wherein the temperature of the crosslinking modification is 55-65 ℃ and the time is 1.5-2.5h.
7. Use of a slow release compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2 for increasing crop yield.
8. Use according to claim 7, wherein the crop comprises corn.
9. The use as claimed in claim 7, wherein the slow release compound fertilizer is applied as a base application.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the application rate of the slow release compound fertilizer is 30-40 kg/mu.
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