CN115974525A - Light ceramsite and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Light ceramsite and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to light ceramsite and a preparation method and application thereof. The light ceramsite comprises, by weight, 30-50 parts of phosphogypsum, 20-40 parts of red mud, 40-70 parts of coal gangue and a proper amount of water. The preparation method of the light ceramsite abandons the traditional core pulling process, and when the light ceramsite is applied to the assembled partition board, the light ceramsite has higher strength, and can form a gelling composite system with other raw materials in the partition board to ensure that the partition board obtains higher strength (up to 8.6 MPa), so that the partition board has certain auxiliary bearing capacity, and can also absorb a large amount of industrial solid waste phosphogypsum, red mud and coal gangue.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to a light ceramsite and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The assembled partition board is a novel environment-friendly building material mainly made of gypsum, has the characteristics of heat preservation, heat insulation and sound insulation, and has small density and light structure dead weight; the heat conductivity coefficient is low, and the fire resistance is good; the processability is good, and the decoration is good; the breathing performance is good, and the indoor microclimate can be adjusted; and the material has stronger advantages than the prior building material in terms of technical reasonability, structural uniformity, material saving, safety, environmental protection and energy conservation and consumption reduction, so that the material can be widely applied to various large building systems such as individual rooms, corridors and internal partition walls of kitchens of offices, businesses and residential buildings.
However, at present, the domestic gypsum wallboard is mainly a paper-surface gypsum board which is mainly applied to building decoration, and the use amount of the gypsum board as a wall material is less than l% of the total output of the paper-surface gypsum board.
Therefore, a prefabricated partition board which can be used as a wall material is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a light ceramsite for preparing an assembly partition board capable of being used as a wall material, wherein the light ceramsite is made of solid wastes such as phosphogypsum, and is used for filling gaps inside the assembly partition board, so as to improve the strength of the assembly partition board, and enable the assembly partition board to be used as a wall material for bearing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention can adopt the following technical scheme:
on the one hand, the invention provides a light ceramsite which comprises 30-50 parts of phosphogypsum, 20-40 parts of red mud, 40-70 parts of coal gangue and a proper amount of water.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the light ceramsite, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the raw materials, grouting into a mold, removing the mold when the lightweight ceramsite has primary strength, and sintering; the sintering temperature comprises the following steps: heating to 248-252 deg.C within 55-65 min, maintaining the temperature for 18-22 min, increasing the temperature to 98-102 deg.C within 28-32 min, stopping heating until the temperature reaches 880-930 deg.C, heating with residual heat for 28-32 min, and naturally cooling to obtain light ceramsite; the mold comprises an outer shell and an inner mold, the inner mold comprises a bulk structure and a supporting structure, the bulk structure is formed by bonding at least two spheres, and the supporting structure extends outwards from the bulk structure and is connected with the outer shell; the dough structure and the support structure are both made of thermoplastic resin.
The invention further provides an assembled partition board which comprises the light ceramsite or the light ceramsite prepared by the preparation method, wherein the raw materials comprise, by weight, 50-80 parts of the light ceramsite, 50-60 parts of phosphogypsum, 20-30 parts of red mud, 10-20 parts of coal gangue, 2-10 parts of lightweight aggregate and a proper amount of water.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
(1) The preparation method of the light ceramsite provided by the invention not only abandons the traditional core pulling process, but also can form a gelling system with other raw materials in the partition board to ensure that the partition board obtains higher strength (can reach 8.6 MPa) besides higher strength when being applied to the assembled partition board, so that the partition board has certain bearing capacity and can be used in a bearing structure system;
(2) The assembled partition board provided by the invention is prepared from phosphogypsum, red mud, coal gangue and other light aggregate, and by utilizing the mutual synergistic effect of various components in the alkaline environment among various industrial solid wastes, the active excitation reaction is mutually generated, and the hydration products of the components form a strength framework among particles; the light ceramsite is combined to provide hollow space inside the partition board to increase the bearing capacity, and the compression strength and the sound insulation and heat insulation effects of the light homogeneous partition board are measured by the assembled partition board according to a test method specified in the building wallboard test method GB/T30100 and far exceed the standard.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a mold for sintering lightweight hollow ceramsite in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a different view of the fabricated partition mold of the present invention;
in fig. 2, 1: a protrusion; 2: concave and convex.
Detailed Description
The examples are given for the purpose of better illustration of the invention, but the invention is not limited to the examples. Therefore, those skilled in the art should make insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the embodiments of the present invention in light of the above teachings and remain within the scope of the invention.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. Unless the context has a significantly different meaning, the singular form of expression includes the plural form of expression. As used herein, it is understood that terms such as "comprising," "having," "including," and the like are intended to refer to the presence of features, numbers, operations, components, parts, elements, materials, or combinations thereof. The terminology of the present invention is disclosed in the specification and is not intended to exclude the possibility that one or more other features, numbers, operations, components, parts, elements, materials or combinations thereof may be present or may be added. As used herein, "/" can be interpreted as "and" or "depending on the circumstances.
The embodiment of the invention provides light ceramsite which comprises, by weight, 30-50 parts of phosphogypsum, 20-40 parts of red mud, 40-70 parts of coal gangue and a proper amount of water.
It should be noted that the particle size of the light ceramsite in the present invention depends on the requirement of the target product, and the particle size of the ceramsite used in the present invention may be 4.75mm, 9.5mm, 16.0mm, 19.0mm or 26.5mm. In addition, materials corresponding to the grain size mold and the internal dough structure system which are prepared in advance can be selected for preparation.
In the light ceramsite, the phosphogypsum, the red mud and the coal gangue in the raw materials are industrial solid wastes, and the stacking of the phosphogypsum, the red mud and the coal gangue can seriously damage the ecological environment, pollute underground water resources and cause serious waste of land resources. So, not only realized solid useless utilization, can also strengthen the auxiliary load ability of assembled partition plate. In addition, the purpose of the water is to help the raw materials to be mixed, and the quality of the water can be selected according to specific conditions and is enough to ensure that the raw materials are uniformly dispersed; in the light ceramsite, the weight portion of water can be selected from 20 to 60 portions.
In addition, in the light ceramsite, the weight ratio of the components of each raw material to the prepared light ceramsite has influence, so that the performance of the assembled partition board is influenced. In some specific embodiments, the raw materials of the composite material comprise 35 parts by weight of phosphogypsum, 25 parts by weight of red mud, 45 parts by weight of coal gangue and 30 parts by weight of water; or 40 parts of phosphogypsum, 30 parts of red mud, 50 parts of coal gangue and 40 parts of water; or 45 parts of phosphogypsum, 35 parts of red mud, 60 parts of coal gangue and 50 parts of water; preferably 40 parts of phosphogypsum, 30 parts of red mud, 55 parts of coal gangue and a proper amount of water, and the light ceramsite prepared according to the weight ratio has a better auxiliary load effect than the assembled partition board prepared according to other ratios.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing the light ceramsite, which comprises: uniformly mixing the raw materials, grouting into a mold, removing the mold when the lightweight ceramsite has primary strength, and sintering; the sintering temperature comprises: raising the temperature to 248-252 ℃ within 55-65 min, preserving the heat for 18-22 min, raising the temperature to 98-102 ℃ every 28-32 min until the temperature reaches 880-930 ℃, stopping heating, heating by using the residual heat for 28-32 min, and naturally cooling to prepare the light ceramsite; the die comprises an outer shell and an inner die, the inner die comprises a bulk structure and a supporting structure, the bulk structure is formed by mutually bonding at least two spherical bubbles, and the supporting structure extends outwards from the bulk structure and is connected with the outer shell; the dough structure and the support structure are both made of thermoplastic resin. As shown in fig. 1, the inner mold comprises a bulk structure and a supporting structure, the bulk structure is formed by bonding at least two spherical bubbles to form a grape bunch system, a gap exists at the joint of the spherical structures, the gap of the bulk structure is filled with the filled slurry, and the supporting structure extends outwards from the bulk structure and is connected with the outer shell so as to prevent the formed hollow structure from being close to the outer surface and further cause the low strength of the ceramsite; the bulk structure and the support structure are both prepared from thermoplastic resin, the thermoplastic resin can be automatically decomposed at 300-400 ℃, therefore, when the ceramsite is sintered, a proper heating system is arranged, the heat is preserved for 20 minutes when the temperature reaches 250 ℃, slurry and other filling slurry in gaps of the internal bulk system are subjected to preliminary solid fusion to form certain strength, and in the process, the coal gangue performs self-propagating reaction to ensure that the internal temperature of the ceramsite reaches more than 300 ℃, and then the temperature is gradually increased to a target temperature, and in the heating process, the strength is preliminarily formed in the ceramsite, so that the decomposition of the thermoplastic resin support system and the bulk structure cannot influence the formation of hollow parts in the ceramsite; it should also be noted that the support structure may be of a size sufficient to fixedly connect the inner mold to the outer casing.
The lightweight ceramsite is characterized in that the bulk structure is formed by bonding at least two spherical bubbles, if only one spherical bubble is arranged, the inside of the lightweight ceramsite is completely spherical hollow, the single strength of the ceramsite is greatly reduced, two or more spherical systems are used as the hollow structure inside, slurry is filled in the joint of the spherical structure, the ceramsite has sufficient early strength during low-temperature sintering, and the development of later strength and the self-propagating reaction are facilitated.
It should also be noted that, in the above-mentioned preparation method of the light ceramsite, as mentioned above, the bulk structure and the support structure are both prepared from thermoplastic resin, and can be decomposed by itself at a temperature of 300 ℃ to 400 ℃, and because the raw material of the light ceramsite contains a large amount of carbon, the inside of the mold can be kept at a high temperature, so that the thermoplastic resin can generate a thermal decomposition effect, and after decomposition, the thermal decomposition resin can react with the red mud in the raw material and the coal gangue to form a vitreous material with higher strength, thereby increasing the strength of the light ceramsite.
It should be noted that in the above preparation method of the lightweight ceramsite, the temperature is raised to 248-252 ℃, and the heat is preserved for 18-22 min to allow the interior of the ceramsite to undergo a self-propagating reaction, so that the thermoplastic resin is melted and cracking caused by too fast temperature rise is prevented.
In some embodiments, the method for preparing the light-weight ceramsite comprises: uniformly mixing the raw materials, grouting into a mold, removing the mold when the light ceramsite has initial strength, putting the mold into an oven, setting the temperature to 250 ℃ within one hour, preserving the temperature for 20 minutes, then increasing the temperature by 100 ℃ within each half hour in the next time until the temperature reaches 900 ℃, stopping heating, not opening the oven at the moment, opening the oven after the coal gangue and the red mud have self-propagating reaction, namely, after half hour, and naturally cooling to prepare the light ceramsite.
In some embodiments, in the above method for preparing lightweight ceramsite, the thermoplastic resin is known in the art, and preferably one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene can provide higher strength thermoplastic resin. It should be noted that the thermoplastic resin can be melted when the temperature of the thermoplastic resin reaches 300 to 400 ℃.
In some embodiments, in the above method for preparing light ceramsite, the mold is spherical, the shell is made of metal, and at least one indentation is disposed on the surface of the shell. It should be noted that, in order to ensure that the lightweight ceramsite has a better friction force with other materials (such as other ceramsite or aggregate) during the process of using (such as solidifying in the assembled partition board), the mold may be set to be spherical, and at least one recess may be provided on the surface of the outer shell. It is also noted that the invagination shape and degree may be the same or different. Therefore, the light ceramsite can provide better strength for the assembled partition board. In addition, it should be understood that at least two grouting holes are left above and below the mold shell for grouting.
The other embodiment of the invention provides an assembled partition board, which comprises the raw materials of 50-80 parts by weight of light ceramsite, 50-60 parts by weight of phosphogypsum, 20-30 parts by weight of red mud, 10-20 parts by weight of coal gangue, 2-10 parts by weight of lightweight aggregate and a proper amount of water.
It should be noted that, in the fabricated partition board, the water is used to help the mixing of the raw materials, and the quality of the water can be selected according to specific situations, and is sufficient to uniformly disperse the raw materials, for example, 40 parts to 70 parts.
It should be noted that, in the fabricated partition board, the hollow inside the fabricated partition board is provided by the hollow of the light ceramsite, the light ceramsite is obtained by sintering, and the light ceramsite has high strength and also has higher strength with a cementing system formed by other raw materials, so that the fabricated partition board has good auxiliary bearing capacity, and can be used in a bearing structure system. In addition, in the assembled partition board, the assembled partition board is mainly made of solid wastes such as phosphogypsum, red mud, coal gangue and light aggregate, and the solid wastes have a mutual synergistic effect in an alkaline environment, the phosphogypsum provides better early strength for the partition board, the coal gangue and the red mud are respectively used as acidic and alkaline materials, acid-base neutralization reaction can be generated in application, the phosphogypsum is matched to generate active excitation reaction, the red mud in a composite system has certain erosion effect on some minerals in the coal gangue and promotes the decomposition of the minerals in the coal gangue in the dehydration process, so that the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron in the coal gangue is decomposed, the original structure of an aluminum-oxygen polyhedron is changed, the distortion degree is increased, and an amorphous metastable structure is formed, thereby the dissolving amount of silicon and aluminum ions in the coal gangue is greatly increased. The hydration product forms a strength skeleton among the particles, thereby enhancing the strength of the assembled partition board. Moreover, the cost of the solid waste is low (the assembled partition board prepared by the invention and the common assembled partition board, namely the assembled partition board manufactured by the common cement concrete core pulling process are high in cost because the assembled partition board uses cement and large in aggregate amount and uses reinforcing steel bars in the interior, and compared with the assembled partition board, the cost of the assembled partition board is reduced by about more than 50%), the source is wide, the human health risk and the environmental health risk caused by stacking of the solid waste are greatly reduced, and the assembled partition board has good economic benefit and social benefit.
Particularly, the phosphogypsum is solid waste generated in a wet-process phosphoric acid process, generates about 5 tons of phosphogypsum per 1 ton of phosphoric acid produced, has complex composition, mainly comprises calcium sulfate dihydrate, and also comprises incompletely decomposed phosphorite, residual phosphoric acid, fluoride and the like, is greatly stacked to influence the environment and waste land resources, and the advantages of the phosphogypsum can be completely reserved when the phosphogypsum is applied to the assembled partition board. The prepared partition board has unique heat preservation and heat insulation performance, can be applied to indoor space, can also be applied to top layers of balconies, villas and the like, can solve the problem of sunlight irradiation of the top layers and prevent the radiation of ultraviolet rays; the partition board has excellent sound insulation effect almost equivalent to that of a solid wall; the moisture-proof performance of the partition board is obvious, the partition board is very suitable for the humid weather in the south, and the mildew problem of home decoration in the south is solved; the partition board surface adopts the integrated wall surface as the raw material, so the partition board is very environment-friendly, and a room provided with the partition board is environment-friendly and odorless; but also can solve the problems of overlong decoration time and no harm to human body due to paint smell. In addition, the coal gangue is waste stone or waste material covered in the ore or mineral body, and the waste material after valuable minerals are separated from the coal gangue minerals is the coal gangue, so that a large amount of stacking can affect the environment and waste land resources. Moreover, red mud is industrial solid waste discharged when extracting alumina in the aluminum industry, is called red mud because of large iron oxide content and similar appearance to red clay, and 1.0 to 1.8 tons of red mud are discharged about every 1 ton of alumina produced due to different ore grades, production methods and technical levels, and as the stock of red mud is larger and the pollution to the environment is more and more serious, the red mud is utilized as resources to the maximum extent. Therefore, in the invention, the ardealite, the coal gangue and the red mud are applied to the preparation of the assembled partition board in a large quantity, so that the environmental pollution can be reduced and the waste of land resources can be reduced.
In addition, in the assembled partition board, besides the influence of different raw materials on the assembled partition board, different proportions of the raw materials also have influence on the assembled partition board, for example, when the mixing amount of phosphogypsum is higher (> 60 parts), although the board has higher early strength, a defect exists in the development of later strength, when the mixing amount of coal gangue is larger, the cementing property of the board is insufficient, and phenomena such as loosening and cracking are easily caused, when the mixing amount of red mud is higher (> 20 parts), the cementing property of the material is better, but more pores are easily formed in the material, and the strength of the material is reduced by excessively using the red mud (> 30 parts), so that the mutual synergistic effect between the materials can be better exerted by proper mixing amount and mixing ratio, and the material has better performance. In some other specific embodiments, the raw materials may include, by weight, 60 parts of lightweight ceramsite, 55 parts of phosphogypsum, 25 parts of red mud, 15 parts of coal gangue, 5 parts of lightweight aggregate and 55 parts of water; or the composite material also comprises 70 parts of light ceramsite, 45 parts of phosphogypsum, 26 parts of red mud, 17 parts of coal gangue, 6 parts of light aggregate and 50 parts of water; or the composite material also comprises 80 parts of light ceramsite, 55 parts of phosphogypsum, 25 parts of red mud, 15 parts of coal gangue, 7 parts of light aggregate and 60 parts of water; preferably, the composite partition board comprises 65 parts of light ceramsite, 54 parts of phosphogypsum, 26 parts of red mud, 15 parts of coal gangue and 5 parts of light aggregate, and the prepared assembled partition board has the advantage of high early strength under the condition of the mixture ratio.
In some specific implementations, in the fabricated partition board, the red mud, the coal gangue and the phosphogypsum are crushed and then screened into solid wastes of various varieties, and the solid wastes are respectively screened into micro powder, fine aggregates and coarse aggregates, wherein the micro powder is 0.3mm in size, the fine aggregates are 2mm in size, and the coarse aggregates are 6mm in size. In the subsequent mixing process, each part of the red mud, coal gangue or phosphogypsum raw material can respectively contain 60% of micro powder, 30% of fine aggregate and 10% of coarse aggregate by weight, for example, 1 part of phosphogypsum can contain 60% of micro powder, 30% of fine aggregate and 10% of coarse aggregate by weight; for example, 1 part of red mud may contain 60% by weight of micro powder, 30% by weight of fine aggregate and 10% by weight of coarse aggregate; for example, 1 part of coal gangue can contain 60% by weight of micro powder, 30% by weight of fine aggregate and 10% by weight of coarse aggregate. In addition, phosphogypsum, red mud and coal gangue cooperate to form a gelling system, so that the bearing capacity of the partition board can be enhanced.
In some embodiments, the lightweight aggregate of the prefabricated partition board is known in the art, and preferably one or more of vitrified beads, floating beads, quicklime and fly ash.
In some embodiments, the particle size of the raw lightweight aggregate in the fabricated partition board is preferably 1.18mm or less.
In some embodiments, the fabricated partition board can be prepared by the following method: the raw materials are dried and ground to target fineness, the raw materials are prepared in proportion and uniformly stirred, water is added for mixing and uniformly stirring, and then the mixture is poured into a mold for curing under natural conditions and the mold is removed. It is to be noted that after water is added, mixed and stirred uniformly, the mixture needs to be taken out immediately and poured into a partition board for testing, so as to prevent the pan from being dried; in addition, the preparation method is early in form removal, and can effectively improve production. In addition, it should be understood that, when the fabricated partition board is prepared, different molds need to be designed according to the shape of the partition board, and then the fabricated partition board is prepared by grouting the mixture obtained by mixing the above raw materials into the molds. In addition, in some other specific embodiments, in order to facilitate assembly, the mold of the assembly type partition board may be as shown in fig. 2, one end of the mold is provided with a protrusion 1, the other end of the mold is provided with a concave protrusion 2 matched with the protrusion, the assembly type partition board only needs to be erected during installation, after a small amount of caulking mortar is coated on the mutual embedding part of the protrusion 1 and the protrusion 2, the assembly type partition board and the assembly type partition board are assembled together, and the assembly type partition board is convenient to assemble, good in stability and high in strength.
For a better understanding of the present invention, the following further illustrates the contents of the present invention with reference to specific examples, but the contents of the present invention are not limited to the following examples.
1. Preparation of light haydite
In the embodiment of the invention, the preparation of the light ceramsite is carried out according to the following steps: (1) Weighing certain mass of phosphogypsum, red mud, coal gangue and water; (2) Then grinding the phosphogypsum, the red mud and the coal gangue, drying, stirring and uniformly mixing; (3) Adding the mixture into a prefabricated mold, uniformly stirring, grouting the mixture into the prefabricated mold, removing the mold when the ceramsite has initial strength, putting the prefabricated mold into an oven, setting one hour to heat the mixture to 300 ℃, preserving the heat for 20 minutes, then increasing the temperature to 100 ℃ every half hour in the next time until the temperature reaches 900 ℃, stopping heating, not opening the oven at the moment, opening the oven after the coal gangue and the red mud undergo self-propagating reaction, namely, after half an hour, and naturally cooling to prepare the light ceramsite.
Example 1
The light ceramsite samples are prepared according to the raw material proportion shown in the following table 1 and the preparation method of the light ceramsite.
TABLE 1 light ceramsite samples prepared by different raw material ratios
| Light ceramsite sample | Phosphogypsum (parts) | Red mud (share) | Coal gangue (share) | Water (share) |
| Light ceramsite sample 1 | 30 | 20 | 40 | 20 |
| Light ceramsite sample 2 | 40 | 30 | 55 | 45 |
| Light ceramsite sample 3 | 50 | 40 | 70 | 60 |
2. Preparation of assembled partition board
In the embodiment of the invention, the preparation of the assembled partition board is carried out according to the following steps: weighing certain mass of phosphogypsum (60% by weight of micro powder, 30% by weight of fine aggregate and 10% by weight of coarse aggregate), red mud (60% by weight of micro powder, 30% by weight of fine aggregate and 10% by weight of coarse aggregate), coal gangue (60% by weight of micro powder, 30% by weight of fine aggregate and 10% by weight of coarse aggregate), lightweight aggregate, lightweight ceramsite sample and water; fully mixing the automatically fed and measured phosphogypsum, red mud, coal gangue, light ceramsite sample and light aggregate, and uniformly stirring; then adding the metered water, continuously stirring and mixing the mixture until the mixture is uniform, pouring the mixture into a detachable steel die (shown in figure 2) with the length, width and height of 2500mm multiplied by 600mm multiplied by 200mm, scraping redundant slurry, smoothing the surface of the die by using a scraper, wrapping the steel die by using a preservative film to prevent the water on the surface of a test piece from evaporating, removing the die after 24 +/-2 hours, and placing the die outdoors for curing to a specified age to obtain a sample of the assembled partition board for later use.
Example 2
(1) The assembled partition board samples were prepared according to the raw material ratios shown in table 2 below and the preparation method of the assembled partition board described above.
TABLE 2 assembled partition board samples prepared with different raw material proportions
(2) Fabricated partition plate sample 6 and fabricated partition plate sample 7 were prepared by replacing light ceramsite sample 2 in fabricated partition plate sample 2 in table 2 above with light ceramsite sample 1 and light ceramsite sample 3 prepared in example 1. 3. Performance test of assembled partition board sample
EXAMPLE 3 fabricated partition Panel sample Strength testing
In the embodiment of the invention, the assembled partition board sample 1-the assembled partition board sample 7 prepared in the embodiment 2 are detected by referring to GB/T17671-1999 Cement mortar Strength test method (ISO method); the strength parameters of each fabricated partition wall measured by the test are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 Performance parameters test results for fabricated partition panels
Note that: the dry shrinkage value and the surface density are important indexes for evaluating the performance of the partition board, the limit value of the dry shrinkage value of the partition board is 0.6 percent mm/m, and the micro-expansion characteristic avoids the cracking phenomenon caused by the dry shrinkage of the material, ensures that the partition board does not crack in use and has long-term dimensional stability.
As can be seen from table 3 above: the influence on the strength of a test piece is researched by changing different using amounts of raw materials, the red mud is used as an active excitant to improve the macroscopic property and the microstructure of the phosphogypsum, and test data are analyzed to obtain the milled red mud which can better react in a mixed system of the phosphogypsum; in addition, within a certain range, the higher the content of the red mud is, the higher the compressive strength of the modified phosphogypsum as the alkaline activator is. Among them, the fabricated partition board sample 2, which had a compressive strength of 8.6MPa, a dry shrinkage value of 0.42mm/m and an areal density of 98kg/m, was preferably used 2 The air sound insulation quantity is 52dB, the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.0914W/m.k, and the specification of GB/T23451-2009 is met.
Example 4 heavy Metal content test results and environmental Risk assessment
(1) Heavy metal content test results
In the examples of the present invention, the heavy metal content of the fabricated partition board sample 2 prepared in example 2 was measured, and the measurement results are shown in table 4 below.
Table 4 heavy metal content test results of fabricated partition board samples
| Test element | Sample element content Cx (ug/kg) |
| Cr | 363.1 |
| Ni | 311.7 |
| As | 82.3 |
| Cd | 27.7 |
| Hg | 47.2 |
| Pb | 373.1 |
As can be seen from table 4 above, heavy metals such as copper, zinc, lead, chromium, cadmium, mercury, nickel, arsenic, etc. in the raw materials of phosphogypsum, red mud, coal gangue and partition boards produced therefrom are detected.
(2) Environmental security risk rating
The embodiment of the invention adopts a heavy metal (Cu, zn, pb, cr, cd, hg, ni and As) single-factor pollution index method, a potential ecological environment pollution method and a heavy metal geological accumulation index method, and general aqueous solution heavy metal leaching of the product to evaluate whether the product has environmental safety risk or not.
(a) Heavy metal single factor pollution index method
The risk screening value in soil environmental quality agricultural land soil pollution risk control standard (GB 15618-2018) is used as a reference value, a single-factor pollution index method is adopted to evaluate the pollution risk level of heavy metals in two kinds of fly ash, and the formula is as follows:
in the formula: p i Is the pollution index of heavy metal i, C i The actual test concentration (mg/kg), S, of heavy metal i i Is a standard reference value (mg/kg).
The coal ash of the assembled partition board sample 2 prepared in example 2 was tested according to the above heavy metal single factor pollution index method, and the test results show that the heavy metal safety indexes in the assembled partition board of the present invention are all less than 1.0, and the assembled partition board of the present invention shows no environmental risk.
(b) Potential ecological environment risk method
The evaluation is carried out by using a potential ecological environment risk method according to a formula shown in the following formula:
wherein, RI is a multi-element environmental risk comprehensive index,
is an environmental risk index for heavy metals of the i < th > species>
Is the contamination factor of the heavy metal i relative to a reference value>
Measured concentration of heavy metal i>
Reference value of heavy metal i->
Toxicity response coefficient of heavy metal i.
The assembled partition board sample 2 prepared in example 2 is tested according to the above method for potential ecological environment risks, and the test results show that the potential pollution of heavy metals in the assembled partition board of the present invention is far lower than 40.0, which means that the product has no environmental risk.
(c) Heavy metal geological accumulation index method
Detecting and calculating the geological accumulation index of heavy metal according to a formula shown in the following formula:
in the formula, C n Is the concentration of the element n, 1.5 is the correction index, BE n Is the average geochemical background value of the element being measured, typically the average content of shale elements worldwide, I geo Is the geological accumulation index.
The assembled partition board sample 2 prepared in example 2 was tested according to the heavy metal geological accumulation index method, and the test results showed that the geological accumulation index of heavy metals was less than 0 and no pollution was caused to the ecological environment.
(d) General aqueous leaching method
In order to further research the environmental safety of the phosphogypsum and the cavity die box products thereof, the heavy metal concentration of the common water extract is pretreated, tested and researched by a machine on the standard by adopting a horizontal oscillation method.
The assembled partition board sample 2 prepared in example 2 was tested according to the above general aqueous solution leaching method, and the test results showed that heavy metals Pb, cr, cd, hg, ni and As in the assembled partition board of the present invention were not detected, and the detected values of Cu and Zn were very low and far lower than the standard values, which indicates that the assembled partition board of the present invention has no environmental safety risk to the external environment.
In conclusion, the assembled partition board has no environmental safety risk to the external environment, and is an environment-friendly novel gypsum building material product.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The light ceramsite is characterized by comprising 30-50 parts of phosphogypsum, 20-40 parts of red mud, 40-70 parts of coal gangue and a proper amount of water in parts by weight.
2. The light-weight ceramsite of claim 1, wherein the raw materials comprise, by weight, 40 parts of phosphogypsum, 30 parts of red mud, 55 parts of coal gangue and a proper amount of water.
3. The light-weight ceramsite of claim 1, wherein the particle size of the light-weight ceramsite is 4.75mm-26.5mm.
4. The method for preparing light-weight ceramsite according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the raw materials, grouting into a mold, removing the mold when the lightweight ceramsite has primary strength, and sintering; the sintering temperature comprises: heating to 248-252 ℃ within 55-65 min, keeping the temperature for 18-22 min, increasing the temperature to 98-102 ℃ every 28-32 min until the temperature reaches 880-930 ℃, stopping heating, heating by using the residual heat for 28-32 min, and naturally cooling to prepare the light ceramsite; the mold comprises an outer shell and an inner mold, the inner mold comprises a bulk structure and a supporting structure, the bulk structure is formed by bonding at least two spheres, and the supporting structure extends outwards from the bulk structure and is connected with the outer shell; the dough structure and the support structure are both made of thermoplastic resin.
5. The method for preparing light-weight ceramsite according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the thermoplastic resin is one or more selected from polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene.
6. The method for preparing light-weight ceramsite according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the mold is spherical, the shell is made of metal, and at least one indentation is arranged on the surface of the shell.
7. The assembled partition board is characterized in that raw materials comprise 50-80 parts by weight of the light-weight ceramsite of any one of claims 1-3 or the light-weight ceramsite prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 4-6, 50-60 parts by weight of phosphogypsum, 20-30 parts by weight of red mud, 10-20 parts by weight of coal gangue, 2-10 parts by weight of light aggregate and a proper amount of water.
8. The fabricated partition board of claim 7, wherein the raw materials comprise, by weight, 65 parts of light-weight ceramsite, 54 parts of phosphogypsum, 26 parts of red mud, 15 parts of coal gangue, 5 parts of light-weight aggregate and a proper amount of water.
9. The fabricated partition board of claim 7 or 8, wherein the lightweight aggregate is selected from one or more of vitrified beads, floating beads, quicklime and fly ash.
10. The fabricated partition board of claim 7 or 8, wherein the lightweight aggregate has a particle size of 1.18mm or less.
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