CN115968965A - Application of natural mixed culture fermentation broth of yak rumen anaerobic fungi and methane bacteria in improvement of Simmental beef quality - Google Patents
Application of natural mixed culture fermentation broth of yak rumen anaerobic fungi and methane bacteria in improvement of Simmental beef quality Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to application of natural mixed culture fermentation liquor as a natural feed additive and a method for improving beef quality, wherein the mixed culture YakQH5 is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) in 3, 9 and 2020, the preservation number is CGMCC No.19299, and the digestibility of neutral washing cellulose of Simmental talus cattle is improved by 10.2 percent; the average daily weight gain is increased by 695.0g; the contents of glucose, total protein, albumin and globulin in blood are obviously higher than those of a control group and a blank group, and the organism metabolic capacity of the Simmental cattle is enhanced; the content of glycine, aspartic acid and phenylalanine in the Simmental beef is also obviously improved by 2.50 percent, the content of total unsaturated fatty acid of monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid is also obviously improved by 7.01 percent, and the quality of the Simmental beef is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to application of natural mixed culture of yak rumen anaerobic fungi and methane bacteria as a coarse feed additive in improving beef quality.
Background
With the improvement of living standard of people, the requirement on meat quality is continuously increased, and low-fat high-protein beef is favored by consumers. Factors influencing the carcass and meat quality of ruminants are many, and can be divided into two parts due to the fact that internal factors (such as variety, age, sex and the like) and external environmental factors (such as daily ration, slaughtering procedures and the like) directly related to the ruminants per se are considered; the daily ration is one of the main factors, and the animal production performance can be optimized through daily ration regulation and control, so that the beef quality is improved. The high-protein and low-energy feed for beef cattle during growth period and the low-protein and high-energy feed for fattening period can satisfy fat deposition, and is favorable for forming marble-like patterns. The ratio of concentrate to roughage also has a certain effect on fat deposition. It is generally accepted that animals fed roughage do not have meat quality comparable to animals fed concentrates. The improvement of beef quality is more and more emphasized by consumers and cattle raising producers, and the feed nutrition plays an important role in controlling the beef quality, so that the nutritional factors influencing the beef quality need to be considered when determining a raising scheme, and the beef quality is improved by proper regulation and control so as to meet the requirements of consumers.
China is a big agricultural country, and main agricultural products comprise rice, wheat and corn. According to the statistics of the annual book of China, the yield of rice, wheat and corn in 2019 is 20961.4 ten thousand t, 13359.6 ten thousand t and 26077.9 ten thousand t respectively, so that a large amount of straw waste is generated. The straw waste is mainly corn straw, the yield of the straw waste reaches 33092.9 ten thousand t, and the straw waste accounts for 39.5 percent of the total straw yield. The main components of corn stalks comprise lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Corn stalks have a long history as animal feed, but have high crude fiber content, large volume, rough texture, few nutritional ingredients and poor palatability. Whole corn silage has become the main feed for ruminant diets worldwide. However, due to the characteristics of seasonal harvesting and the reason of farming conditions or habits, the corn stalks are usually harvested after wilting or withering, and the water and sugar loss is serious. Dry yellow corn stover is heavily lignified and has poor palatability, and is not suitable for direct feeding to ruminants. However, in remote areas, a plurality of farmers still feed the dry yellow corn straws which are kneaded and crushed as daily ration of the yellow cattle, so that the growth and development retardation caused by insufficient nutrient supply of the livestock is not matched with the local heavy farming operation, the reproductive performance and the meat and milk production performance of the livestock are also indirectly influenced, and the economic benefit is slowly developed.
For example, the research of Liu Cui' e discovers that the daily gain and the dry matter feed return rate of beef cattle are obviously higher than those of fresh vinasse when the feed additive is used for feeding vinasse raw materials, and the economic benefit is obvious. Researches on tongda and the like find that the 5% fermented bean dregs are used for replacing bean pulp in feed to feed beef cattle, the palatability is not influenced, the feed weight ratio of the beef cattle can be obviously improved, and the method has good popularization value. The research of the metallurgical mean level shows that the weight gain rate of the beef cattle is increased by 35.19 percent and the feed conversion rate is increased by 36.14 percent when the alfalfa is added into the daily ration of the beef cattle, and the economic benefit is obvious. However, the beef cattle fed with the feed such as the brewer's grain has little influence on the beef quality. The technicians in the field also do a lot of research on improving the beef quality, for example, the invention patent CN108576420A discloses a preparation method of saline-alkali soil plant feed additive for improving the beef quality, but the preparation method is suitable for saline-alkali soil plants of suaeda salsa and salicornia europaea, and is not suitable for corn straws.
The invention provides a mixed culture, wherein high-activity lignocellulose degrading enzyme fermentation liquor produced by degrading straws of the mixed culture is used as a feed additive and added into corn straw coarse fodder to feed Simmental cattle, so that the average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake of the Simmental cattle can be obviously improved, and the neutral detergent cellulose digestibility of the corn straw coarse fodder of the Simmental cattle is improved by 10.2 percent; the average daily weight gain is increased by 695.0g; the average daily feed intake is increased by 2.83kg; the contents of Glucose (GLU), total Protein (TP), albumin (ALB) and Globulin (GLB) in blood are obviously higher than those of a control group and a blank group, so that the organism metabolic capacity of the Simmental cattle is enhanced; the content of glycine, aspartic acid and phenylalanine in the Simmental beef is increased by 2.50%, the content of total unsaturated fatty acid of monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid is increased by 7.01%, and the quality of Simmental beef is improved. Our study demonstrated for the first time: the mixed culture of the rumen anaerobic fungi and the methane bacteria of the yak can be applied to straw roughage of Simmental cattle and has unique advantages, thereby having wide application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical problems, a primary object of the present invention is to provide an application of a natural mixed culture of anaerobic bacteria and methanobacteria in rumen of yaks as a feed additive, wherein the mixed culture of anaerobic bacteria and methanobacteria in rumen of yaks is a co-culture YakQH5 of anaerobic bacteria (Neocallimastixfrontalis) and methanobacteria (Methanobacter gottschalkii), and the natural mixed culture YakQH5 is stored in the China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) 3, 9 days 2020, with a storage number of CGMCC No.19299 and a storage address of: the microbial research institute of the national academy of sciences No. 3, xilu No.1, beijing, chaoyang, beijing, and Beijing: 010-64807355.
Preferably, under the condition that the temperature of the rumen of the ruminant is 39 ℃, the activity of xylanase is 8235mU/mL, the activity of carboxymethyl cellulase is 929mU/mL, the activity of ferulic acid esterase is 11.3mU/mL, the activity of acetyl esterase is 175mU/mL, the activity of coumaric acid esterase is 2.8mU/mL, the activity of laccase is 67.5mU/mL, and the activity of filter paper enzyme is 1187mU/mL.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide application of high-activity fermentation broth produced by anaerobic culture of yak rumen anaerobic fungi and methanobacteria by taking corn straws as substrates to enhance animal metabolic capability, wherein the mixed culture is mixed culture YakQH5 of anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastixfrontalis) and methanobacteria (Methanobacter gottschiaki), the mixed culture YakQH5 is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) 3, 9 days 2020, the preservation number is CGMCC No.19299, and the preservation addresses are as follows: the microbial research institute of the national academy of sciences No. 3, xilu No.1, beijing, chaoyang, beijing, and Beijing: 010-64807355.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide application of high-activity fermentation broth produced by anaerobic culture of yak rumen anaerobic fungi and methanobacteria by taking corn straws as substrates to promote animal growth, wherein the mixed culture is mixed culture YakQH5 of anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastixfrontalis) and methanobacteria (Methanobacter gottschiakii), the mixed culture YakQH5 is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) at 3, 9 and 2020, the preservation number is CGMCC No.19299, and the preservation addresses are as follows: the microbial research institute of the national academy of sciences No. 3, xilu No.1, beijing, chaoyang, beijing, and Beijing: 010-64807355.
The fourth purpose of the invention is to provide a cattle feed additive, which comprises the mixed culture YakQH5.
The fifth purpose of the invention is to provide a cattle feed, and the mixed culture YakQH5 is used for fermenting roughage.
Preferably, the coarse feed is straw.
Preferably, the straw is corn straw.
The sixth purpose of the invention is to provide a method for improving beef quality, and the cattle straw coarse feed is used for feeding cattle.
Preferably, the cattle variety is Simmental cattle.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention firstly provides a new application of a natural mixed culture YakQH5 of anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastix frontalis) and methanobacteria (Methanobacter gottschui) as a feed additive, wherein the mixed culture YakQH5 of the anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastix frontalis) and the methanobacteria (Methanobacter gottschui) is added into a feed to feed Simmental Taer cattle, so that the average daily gain and the average daily feed intake of the Simmental Taer cattle can be obviously improved, and the neutral detergent cellulose digestion rate of the straw roughage of the Simmental Taer cattle is improved by 10.2 percent; the average daily weight gain is increased by 695.0g; the average daily feed intake is increased by 2.83kg; the contents of Glucose (GLU), total Protein (TP), albumin (ALB) and Globulin (GLB) in blood are obviously higher than those of a control group and a blank group, so that the organism metabolic capacity of the Simmental cattle is enhanced; the content of glycine, aspartic acid and phenylalanine in the Simmental beef is increased by 2.50%, the content of total unsaturated fatty acid of monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid is increased by 7.01%, and the quality of Simmental beef is improved. Our study demonstrated for the first time: the natural mixed culture of the yak rumen anaerobic fungi and the methane bacteria can be applied to straw roughage of Simmental cattle and has unique advantages, thereby having wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 reference drawing of marbleizing scoring criteria
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to illustrate the present invention in detail, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example one, the effect of feeding the fermentation broth of mixed culture of anaerobic fungi in rumen of yak and methane bacteria on the growth and meat quality of cattle after adding coarse fodder
1. Test design and sample handling
(1) Test materials
Corn stalk: is prepared from professional cooperative society of Asahi planting farmers in Tongwei county of Dengxi province of Gansu province, collected for 12 months in 2020 years, with water content of 5.25% in dry yellow state, and pulverized to 0.5-1 cm.
A natural mixed culture YakQH5 of anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastixfrontalis) and methanobacteria (Methanobrevibacter gottschui) separated from gastric juice of grazing yaks in Xinghai county of Qinghai province is inoculated in 225mL of liquid anaerobic fungus culture medium by using 25mL of fermentation liquor obtained by anaerobic culture of corn straws as a substrate (1% (w/v)) for 72h, cultured for 4d by using the corn straws as the substrate (1% (w/v)), and centrifuged for 10min by 1000 Xg of the fermentation liquor to obtain supernatant enzyme liquid for later use, namely the supernatant liquid of the natural lignocellulose degrading enzyme fermentation liquor. This supernatant was under rumen conditions in siemens talr cattle-i.e.: when the pH value is 6.8 and the temperature is 39 ℃,
the xylanase activity is 8235mU/mL, the carboxymethyl cellulase activity is 929mU/mL, the ferulic acid esterase activity is 11.3mU/mL, the acetyl esterase activity is 175mU/mL, the coumaric acid esterase activity is 2.8mU/mL, the laccase activity is 67.5mU/mL, and the filter paper enzyme activity is 1187mU/mL.
Commercial xylanase: from silver selinuo biotechnology limited. Powdery xylanase with the enzyme activity of 60 ten thousand u/g is dissolved to saturation by adding distilled water, and supernatant is taken for standby after the precipitate is discarded.
(2) Feeding management of test animals
The test animals were plum 23704c, a mazu co-operating company of xu planting farmers, shangwu county, dingxi, gansu, and were fed 3 times per day, 8 am, 12 am, 7 pm.
Composition of daily ration (air-dried base%): 90% of corn straws, 4% of wheat bran, 3% of soybean meal, 1% of urea, 1% of sodium bicarbonate and 1% of calcium carbonate.
(3) Experimental design and sample Collection
Randomly selecting 9 cattle for test to be divided into 3 groups for respective marking, wherein a blank group of 3 Simmental cattle (K1-K3) are fed with dry yellow corn straw coarse fodder, a control group of 3 Simmental cattle (D1-D2) are added with saturated liquid of commercial xylanase before being fed, an experimental group of 3 Simmental cattle (S1-S3) are added with supernatant of natural lignocellulose degrading enzyme fermentation liquid produced by degrading corn straws by using natural mixed culture YakQH5 of anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastixfrontalis) and methanobacteria (Methanobrevibacteriobacter gottschiaki) before being fed, a test pre-test period of 5D and a formal test period of 14D are carried out, and the 9 cattle are firstly subjected to 48h fasting preparation on the first day of formal test. Feeding test cattle with three groups of prepared straws subjected to different pretreatments, wherein the test cattle are fed with water in the morning and at night.
2. Measurement index and measurement method
2.1 measurement of growth Performance
At the beginning and the end of the formal experiment, after the test Simmental cattle are fasted for 12 hours, weighing and recording the initial weight and the final weight, and calculating the average daily gain. During the test period, the feeding amount and the residual amount of each group of cattle are accurately recorded every day, and the average daily weight gain, the material weight ratio and the average daily feed intake are calculated.
Average Daily Gain (ADG) = (final weight-initial weight)/number of days tested
Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI) = feed intake per test day in test period for each cow
Material-to-weight ratio (F/G) = average daily feed intake/average daily weight gain
2.2 determination of apparent digestibility of nutrients
Drying a certain amount of sample to determine the moisture content and Dry Matter (DM), pulverizing the dried sample with a pulverizer, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve, determining Dry Matter (DM), neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acidic Detergent Fiber (ADF) of the sieved sample, and drying at 105 deg.C for Dry Matter (DM). Determination of the lignocellulosic Components: NDF and ADF were measured using an alpha F6800 type fiber measuring instrument.
Dry matter digestibility = [ (ingested dry matter-expelled dry matter)/total dry matter) ] + 100%
Apparent digestibility of a certain nutrient = [ (content of a certain nutrient taken in-feces-content of the nutrient)/content of a certain nutrient taken in ]. 100%.
2.3 measurement of Biochemical indicators of blood
Before the last 1d morning of the experiment, each group of Simmental cattle was bled using anticoagulated jugular vein with anticoagulant, and each group of cattle was analyzed for biochemical indices of blood [ alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glycerate (TG), glucose (GLU), total Protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB) ].2.43 Effect of different added enzymes on meat quality of Simmental cattle
After the test is finished, the beef cattle of each group are slaughtered, the longissimus dorsi sample is taken after slaughtering, surface fascia and fat are removed, and meat quality assessment is carried out. Measuring marbling, grade, cooked meat rate, shearing force, water binding capacity and pH value; after a portion of the muscle samples were wrapped in tinfoil, they were stored in a-20 ℃ freezer for measurement of crude ash, crude protein and crude fat.
(1) And (3) grading the marbling: the marbling was rated according to NY/T676-2010 with a score of 1-5 in the order shown in FIG. 1.
(2) And (3) cooked meat rate determination: taking 100g of the longissimus muscle at the back within 2h after slaughtering as a head, accurately weighing the mass, and recording as the mass (m 1) before cooking; and (3) after the mixture is cooked in a pot drawer for 30min, taking out the mixture and hanging the mixture in a cool place indoors for 15-20 min, and accurately weighing the mixture, wherein the mass is recorded as the cooked mass (m 2).
Meat percentage (%) =100 × (m) 1 -m 2 )/m 1
(3) And (3) shear force measurement: shearing a meat sample to be measured to be 3-5 cm in length and about 1cm in diameter, flatly placing the meat sample into a sealing bag, discharging air, then placing the sealing bag into boiling water to enable the central temperature of the meat sample to reach 75 ℃, taking out the meat sample for cooling, measuring the shearing force by using a C \ LM type muscle tenderness meter, repeating the steps for 3 samples, and recording and averaging the shearing force.
(4) Measuring the water content: within 2h of slaughtering, cutting the longest muscle at the 1 st and 2 nd lumbar vertebrae into meat slices with the thickness of 1cm, and accurately weighing the mass by using a balance with the induction quantity of 0.0001kg, and recording as the mass (m 1) before pressurization; the meat slices wrapped by the upper and lower 18 layers of filter paper are pressed for 35kg for 5min, and then the weight is accurately weighed and recorded as the pressed weight (m 2).
Water content (%) =100 × (m 1-m 2)/m 1
(5) And (3) pH measurement: the pH of the dorsum longus muscle was measured 45min and 24H after slaughter with a H9125 portable pH meter, pH (45 min) and pH (24H) in several replicates, 3 replicates per sample were tested, recorded and averaged.
(6) Crushing the collected meat sample, freeze-drying in a freeze dryer, measuring the content of crude protein by adopting a Kjeldahl method, measuring the content of crude ash by adopting a high-temperature burning method, and measuring the content of crude fat by adopting a Soxhlet extraction method.
(7) Determination of beef amino acid content
The muscle amino acid adopts a method for measuring amino acid in food (GB 5009.124-2016): and (4) measuring by an amino acid analyzer. a. Sample pretreatment: uniformly crushing the beef sample, and then hydrolyzing; and transferring the hydrolyzed sample into a sample introduction bottle to be tested.
a. Testing on a machine: chromatographic conditions are as follows: a sulfostar cation chromatography column; wavelengths 570nm and 440nm; and (3) sample measurement: and injecting the mixed amino acid standard solution and the sample to be detected into an amino acid analyzer in the same volume in sequence, and calculating the concentration of the amino acid in the sample according to the peak area.
(8) Effect of beef fatty acid content
The muscle long-chain fatty acid is determined by adopting a method for determining fatty acid in food (GB 5009.168-2016): and (4) measuring by using a gas chromatograph. a. Sample pretreatment: uniformly crushing the beef sample, and then hydrolyzing; hydrolyzing the sample to obtain a fat extract; and (4) performing fatty saponification and fatty acid methyl esterification to obtain a solution to be detected. b. And (3) determination: the chromatographic operation conditions are as follows: the carrier gas was 99.9999% N2, the tail-blow flow was 30mL/min, H 2 40 mL/min, air 400mL/min, column flow 1.0mL/min; adopting a temperature rise program: the heating rate of 150 ℃ is 10 ℃/min, the heating rate of 180 ℃ is 1 ℃, the heating rate of 230 ℃ is 4 ℃/min, and the retention time is 10min; the split ratio is 100; the sample injection volume is 1.0uL; the fatty acid content is expressed as a percentage of the total fat.
3. Data analysis
The basic data are preliminarily arranged and made into a graph through Excel 2010, statistical analysis is carried out on the test data through SPSS 20.0 software, a single-factor ANOVO model is adopted for processing, multiple comparative analysis is carried out on the data through a Duncan method, the measurement result is represented by the mean value plus or minus standard deviation, and P <0.05 represents that the data have significant difference.
4. Test results
4.1 Effect of different enzymes added into straw roughage on the growth Performance of Simmental cattle
TABLE 1 growth Performance of groups of Simmental cattle fed with roughage with different added enzymes
As can be seen from Table 1, after the Simmental cattle is fed with the roughage pretreated by the mixed culture of the methane bacteria and the anaerobic fungi, the average daily weight gain and the average daily feed intake are both obviously higher than those of a control group and a blank group (P > 0.05), the material weight ratio of the blank group to the control group is not obviously different (P < 0.05), and the material weight ratio of an experimental group is obviously lower than that of the control group and the blank group (P > 0.05).
4.2 influence of different enzymes added into straw roughage on the apparent digestibility of nutritive substances of Simmental cattle
TABLE 2 apparent digestibility of nutrients by adding different enzymes to straw roughage
As can be seen from Table 2, the apparent digestibility of the dry matter of the xylanase-added dry yellow corn stalks is not significantly different from that of the blank group (P < 0.05), while the apparent digestibility of the dry matter of the rumen anaerobic fungus and methanogen-added mixed culture is significantly higher than that of the control group and the blank group (P > 0.05). The apparent digestibility of the neutral detergent fiber and the acid detergent fiber of the experimental group and the control group is obviously different from that of the blank group (P > 0.05), wherein the apparent digestibility of the NDF and the ADF of the experimental group is obviously higher than that of the blank group and the control group (P > 0.05), and the apparent digestibility of the NDF and the ADF of the experimental group and the ADF of the control group is the highest (P > 0.05).
4.3 influence of different enzymes added into straw coarse fodder on Simmental cattle blood biochemical index
TABLE 3 Biochemical index of blood of straw roughage with different added enzymes
As can be seen from Table 3, ALT, AST and ALP in the experimental group are all significantly lower than those in the control group and the blank group (P > 0.05), TG difference between the control group and the blank group is not significant, apparent dry matter digestibility of the dry matter of the dry yellow corn stalks of the experimental group TG added with xylanase is not significant compared with that in the blank group (P > 0.05), GLU in the experimental group is significantly higher than that in the control group (P > 0.05), and TP, ALB and GLB content in the experimental group is significantly higher than that in the control group and the blank group (P > 0.05).
4.4 influence of different enzymes added into straw coarse fodder on Simmental beef quality
As can be seen from table 4, the marbling score, cooked meat percentage, dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash content of the test group were significantly higher than those of the blank group and the control group (P > 0.05); the pH value of the control group is not significantly different from that of the blank group (P < 0.05), and the test group is significantly lower than that of the other two groups (P > 0.05); the shear force test group is significantly lower than the blank group and the control group (P > 0.05), and the hydraulic force test group has no significant difference (P < 0.05) with the blank group and is higher than the control group (P > 0.05).
TABLE 4 influence of different enzymes added into straw roughage on the physical properties and nutrients of Simmental beef
4.5 influence of different enzymes added into straw coarse fodder on amino acid content of Simmental beef
As can be seen from Table 5, compared with the blank group, the total content of amino acids in the yak meat in the test group is increased by 2.50%, and the contents of glycine, aspartic acid and phenylalanine in the amino acids in the beef meat are increased, so that the flavor and the quality of the beef are further improved.
TABLE 5 Effect of different enzyme additions on the amino acid content of Simmental beef
4.6 Effect of different enzymes added to the coarse fodder on the fatty acid content of Simmental beef
As can be seen from Table 6, compared with the blank group, the total content of monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the Simmental beef of the test group is increased by 7.01%, the health-care function of the beef is further improved, and the health-care efficacy of the beef is enhanced.
TABLE 6 Effect of different enzyme additions on the fatty acid content of Simmental beef
In conclusion, the invention firstly provides a new application of natural mixed culture YakQH5 of anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastix frontalis) and methanobacteria (Methanobacter gottscaikii) as a feed additive, and the fermentation liquor of the natural mixed culture YakQH5 of the anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastix frontalis) and the methanobacteria (Methanobacter gottscaikii) for degrading the corn straws is added into the corn straw coarse feed and then fed to Simmental Taer cattle, so that the average daily gain and the average daily feed intake of the maize straw coarse feed can be obviously improved, and the neutral detergent cellulose digestion rate of the maize straw coarse feed of the Simmental Taer cattle is improved by 10.2 percent; the average daily weight gain is increased by 695.0g; the average daily feed intake is increased by 2.83kg; the contents of Glucose (GLU), total Protein (TP), albumin (ALB) and Globulin (GLB) in blood are obviously higher than those of a control group and a blank group, so that the organism metabolic capacity of the Simmental cattle is enhanced; the content of glycine, aspartic acid and phenylalanine in the Simmental beef is increased by 2.50%, the content of total unsaturated fatty acid of monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid is increased by 7.01%, and the quality of the Simmental beef is obviously improved. Our study demonstrated for the first time: the natural mixed culture of the yak rumen anaerobic fungi and the methane bacteria can be applied to straw roughage of Simmental cattle and has unique advantages, thereby having wide application prospect.
Claims (10)
1. The application of the natural mixed culture of the yak rumen anaerobic fungi and the methanobacteria as the feed additive is characterized in that the natural mixed culture of the yak rumen anaerobic fungi and the methanobacteria is natural mixed culture YakQH5 of anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastixfrontalis) and the methanobacteria (Methanobacter virobacter gottschui), the mixed culture YakQH5 is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) 3, 9 days 2020, the preservation number is CGMCC No.19299, and the preservation addresses are as follows: the microbial research institute of the national academy of sciences No. 3, xilu No.1, beijing, chaoyang, beijing, and Beijing: 010-64807355.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the natural mixed culture YakQH5 has a xylanase activity of 8235mU/mL, a carboxymethyl cellulase activity of 929mU/mL, a feruloyl esterase activity of 11.3mU/mL, an acetyl esterase activity of 175mU/mL, a coumaroyl esterase activity of 2.8mU/mL, a laccase activity of 67.5mU/mL, and a filter paper enzyme activity of 1187mU/mL at a ruminant rumen temperature of 39 ℃.
3. The application of high-activity fermentation broth produced by anaerobic culture of rumen anaerobic fungi and methane bacteria by taking corn straws as substrates in the process of enhancing the digestion capacity of animal roughage is characterized in that the mixed culture is mixed culture YakQH5 of anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastix frontalis) and methane bacteria (Methanobacter gottschalkii), the mixed culture YakQH5 is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (China Committee for culture Collection of microorganisms) 3-9 days 2020, the preservation number is CGMCC No.19299, and the preservation address is as follows: the microbial research institute of the national academy of sciences No. 3, xilu No.1, beijing, chaoyang, beijing, and Beijing: 010-64807355.
4. The application of high-activity fermentation broth produced by anaerobic culture of rumen anaerobic fungi and methane bacteria by taking corn straws as substrates in promoting animal growth is carried out on natural mixed culture of the yak rumen anaerobic fungi and the methane bacteria, wherein the mixed culture is mixed culture YakQH5 of the anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastixfrontalis) and the methane bacteria (Methanobacter virobacter gottschui), the mixed culture YakQH5 is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) 3, 9 days 2020, the preservation number is CGMCC No.19299, and the preservation addresses are as follows: the microbial research institute of the national academy of sciences No. 3, xilu No.1, beijing, chaoyang, beijing, and Beijing: 010-64807355.
5. A cattle feed additive comprising yak rumen anaerobic fungus and methanogen natural mixed culture YakQH5 of claim 1.
6. A cattle feed, characterized in that a crude feed is fermented by using the natural mixed culture YakQH5 of the rumen anaerobic fungus and methanobacteria of yaks as claimed in claim 1.
7. The cattle feed of claim 6, wherein the roughage is straw.
8. The cattle feed of claim 7, wherein the straw is corn stover.
9. A method for improving beef quality, characterized in that cattle are fed with the cattle feed according to any one of claims 6 to 8.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the bovine is a siemens tall bovine.
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