CN115959952A - Nitrogen-potassium particle water-soluble fertilizer for tomato topdressing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nitrogen-potassium particle water-soluble fertilizer for tomato topdressing and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115959952A CN115959952A CN202211721698.7A CN202211721698A CN115959952A CN 115959952 A CN115959952 A CN 115959952A CN 202211721698 A CN202211721698 A CN 202211721698A CN 115959952 A CN115959952 A CN 115959952A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers and discloses a nitrogen-potassium particle water-soluble fertilizer for tomato topdressing and a preparation method thereof. The nitrogen-potassium particle water-soluble fertilizer for the tomato topdressing comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of urea; 25-35 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate; 20-35 parts of potassium chloride; 5-10 parts of ammonium sulfate; 1-5 parts of zinc sulfate; 1-5 parts of borax. The nitrogen-potassium granular water-soluble fertilizer provided by the invention has more reasonable nutrient supply, can improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, regulate the balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth in the growth process of tomatoes, reduce physiological diseases such as low fruit set percentage, fruit cracking, malformed fruits and the like caused by the deficiency of calcium, boron, zinc and other elements, improve the nutrient absorption rate and improve the quality and the yield of the tomatoes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a nitrogen-potassium particle water-soluble fertilizer for tomato topdressing and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The tomato is a solanaceous vegetable which needs much fertilizer and is resistant to the fertilizer. It needs most potassium for N, P and K, and less N and P. By the fruiting period and the harvest beginning period, the absorbed nutrient nitrogen only accounts for 36%, while the absorbed nutrient potassium already accounts for 50%, and the absorbed potassium amount accounts for more than 70% of the total amount of the whole growth period after the fruit expansion period. The potassium absorption amount is slightly reduced until the later period of harvest. According to the nutrient requirement after the tomato fruit is expanded, the requirements on nitrogen and phosphorus are reduced, and the low-nitrogen high-potassium nitrogen and potassium particle water-soluble fertilizer is used in the tomato topdressing process, so that the nutrient waste can be reduced, and the nutrient utilization rate can be improved.
At present, the fertilizers for tomatoes generally have the following technical problems:
1. many fertilizers have the problems of unscientific nutrient proportioning, high content and the like, and the fertilizer is wasted and lost in the fertilization process, so that non-point source pollution is caused;
2. the existing drip irrigation fertilizer is generally a powdery water-soluble fertilizer, but the powdery fertilizer has large specific surface area, is easy to adhere to connecting blocks in the transportation or stacking process and has high hardening prevention difficulty;
3. the medium and trace elements in the fertilizer are easily solidified by phosphate radicals, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nitrogen-potassium particle water-soluble fertilizer for tomato topdressing and a preparation method thereof, the nutrient supply of the nitrogen-potassium particle water-soluble fertilizer is more reasonable, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved, the balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth in the growth process of tomatoes can be adjusted, physiological diseases such as low fruit setting rate, fruit cracking, malformed fruits and the like caused by calcium, boron, zinc and other elements are reduced, the nutrient absorption rate is improved, and the quality and the yield of the tomatoes are improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the nitrogen-potassium particle water-soluble fertilizer for the tomato topdressing comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the nitrogen-potassium particle water-soluble fertilizer for the tomato topdressing is prepared according to the proportion of the components in the scheme, so that the nitrogen and potassium can meet the fertilizer requirement ratio of 1.7 in the tomato fruit swelling period.
In the scheme, the calcium ammonium nitrate can improve the soil, the granular structure is increased to prevent the soil from caking, more than 90% of the calcium ammonium nitrate is nitrate nitrogen, the nitrate nitrogen and amide nitrogen are contained, the fertilizer efficiency is fast and lasting, the hygroscopicity of the calcium ammonium nitrate is lower than that of common ammonium nitrate due to the existence of calcium element, so that the caking property and the thermal stability are improved, and fire and explosion risks are not easy to occur in the storage and transportation processes.
The nitrogen-potassium granular water-soluble fertilizer contains calcium, can promote cell elongation and root growth, regulates cell metabolism, forms a cross-chain bridge with pectin substances, links galacturonic acid and galacturonic acid rhamnose of pectin, has a higher polymerization degree and a firmer pectin structure, inhibits the release of hydrolase, maintains the stability of a cell membrane structure, and effectively prevents pericarp cracking.
The nitrogen-potassium particle water-soluble fertilizer disclosed by the invention is additionally added with trace elements such as zinc and boron, the zinc participates in chlorophyll formation and plays an important role in photosynthesis and carbohydrate formation, the boron can regulate the formation and operation of organic acid in a plant body, the differentiation process of plant meristematic cells is promoted, the synthesis of protein and fat is promoted, and the yield and quality of crops are improved.
On the other hand, the preparation method of the nitrogen-potassium particle water-soluble fertilizer for the tomato topdressing comprises the following steps:
s10, heating and melting urea;
s20, respectively adding calcium ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate into the molten urea solution, stirring, heating and melting to obtain molten slurry, and feeding the molten slurry into a primary tank;
s30, adding potassium chloride into the primary tank, continuing to heat, keeping a molten state, and entering a secondary tank;
s40, adding zinc sulfate and borax into the secondary tank, continuing heating, keeping the molten state to obtain mixed slurry, granulating, cooling, and spraying anti-hardening powder to obtain the nitrogen-potassium granular water-soluble fertilizer.
The invention takes calcium ammonium nitrate as a main raw material and adds zinc and boron elements to prepare the nitrogen-potassium particle water soluble fertilizer. The nitrogen-potassium granular water-soluble fertilizer can be completely water-soluble, can be applied in a scattering way and a spraying way, can also be used for facilities such as drip irrigation, spray irrigation and the like, and is convenient to apply.
Further, the heating temperature in step S10 is 170 ℃.
Further, the heating temperature in step S20 was 165 ℃.
Further, in step S30, the heating temperature is 160 ℃.
Further, in step S40, the heating temperature was 155 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the nitrogen-potassium granular water-soluble fertilizer has more reasonable nutrient supply, can improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, regulate the balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth in the growth process of tomatoes, reduce physiological diseases such as low fruit setting rate, fruit cracking, malformed fruits and the like caused by the lack of calcium, boron, zinc and other elements, improve the nutrient absorption rate and improve the quality and the yield of the tomatoes.
2. The nitrogen-potassium particle water-soluble fertilizer takes calcium ammonium nitrate as a main raw material, can improve soil, and increases a granular structure to prevent the soil from caking; more than 90% of calcium ammonium nitrate is nitrate nitrogen, contains nitrate nitrogen and amide nitrogen, has quick and lasting fertilizer effect, and has lower hygroscopicity than common ammonium nitrate due to the existence of calcium element, thereby improving caking property and thermal stability, and being not easy to cause fire and explosion danger in the storage and transportation processes; on the other hand, calcium can promote cell elongation and root growth and regulate cell metabolism, calcium and pectin substances form a cross-chain bridge to link galacturonic acid and galacturonic acid rhamnose of pectin, the higher the polymerization degree of the structure is, the firmer the pectin structure is, the release of hydrolase is inhibited, the stability of a cell membrane structure is maintained, and the cracking of pericarp is effectively prevented.
3. The additive is additionally added with trace elements such as zinc, boron and the like, the zinc participates in chlorophyll formation and plays an important role in photosynthesis and carbohydrate formation, the boron can regulate the formation and operation of organic acid in a plant body, promote the differentiation process of plant meristematic cells, promote the synthesis of protein and fat, and is beneficial to improving the yield and quality of crops.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments.
Unless otherwise specified, various starting materials of the present invention are commercially available or prepared according to conventional methods in the art.
Example 1
The preparation method of the nitrogen-potassium granular water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1. weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
2. heating urea to 170 ℃ for melting;
3. respectively adding calcium ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate into the molten urea solution, stirring, heating to 165 ℃ for melting to obtain molten slurry, and feeding the molten slurry into a primary tank;
4. adding potassium chloride into the primary tank, continuously heating to 160 ℃, keeping a molten state, and entering a secondary tank;
5. and continuously adding zinc sulfate and borax into the secondary tank, continuously heating to 155 ℃, keeping the molten state to obtain mixed slurry, granulating, cooling, spraying anti-hardening powder, and packaging to obtain the granular water-soluble fertilizer containing the potassium nitrate.
Example 2
The preparation method of the nitrogen-potassium granular water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1. weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
2. heating urea to 170 ℃ for melting;
3. respectively adding calcium ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate into the molten urea solution, stirring, heating to 165 ℃ for melting to obtain molten slurry, and feeding the molten slurry into a primary tank;
4. adding potassium chloride into the primary tank, continuously heating to 160 ℃, keeping a molten state, and entering a secondary tank;
5. continuously adding zinc sulfate and borax into the secondary tank, continuously heating to 155 ℃, keeping the molten state to obtain mixed slurry, granulating, cooling, dusting anti-hardening powder, and packaging to obtain the granular water-soluble fertilizer containing the potassium nitrate.
Example 3
1. Weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
2. heating urea to 170 ℃ for melting;
3. respectively adding calcium ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate into the molten urea solution, stirring, heating to 165 ℃ for melting to obtain molten slurry, and feeding the molten slurry into a primary tank;
4. adding potassium chloride into the primary tank, continuously heating to 160 ℃, keeping a molten state to obtain mixed slurry, granulating, cooling, dusting anti-hardening powder, and bagging to obtain the nitrogen-potassium granular water-soluble fertilizer;
5. continuously adding zinc sulfate and borax into the secondary tank, continuously heating to 155 ℃, keeping the molten state to obtain mixed slurry, granulating, cooling, dusting anti-hardening powder, and packaging to obtain the granular water-soluble fertilizer containing the potassium nitrate.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the nitrogen-potassium granular water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1. weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
2. heating urea to 170 ℃ for melting;
3. respectively adding calcium ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate into the molten urea solution, stirring, heating to 165 ℃ for melting to obtain molten slurry, and feeding the molten slurry into a primary tank;
4. adding potassium chloride into the primary tank, continuously heating to 160 ℃, keeping the molten state to obtain mixed slurry, granulating, cooling, dusting anti-hardening powder, and bagging to obtain the nitrogen-potassium granular water-soluble fertilizer.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the nitrogen-potassium granular water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1. weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
2. heating urea to 170 ℃ for melting;
3. adding ammonium sulfate into the molten urea solution, stirring, heating to 165 ℃ for melting to obtain molten slurry, and feeding the molten slurry into a primary tank;
4. adding potassium chloride into the primary tank, continuously heating to 160 ℃, keeping a molten state, and entering a secondary tank;
5. continuously adding zinc sulfate and borax into the secondary tank, continuously heating to 155 ℃, keeping the molten state to obtain mixed slurry, granulating, cooling, dusting anti-hardening powder, and packaging to obtain the granular water-soluble fertilizer containing the potassium nitrate.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method of the nitrogen-potassium granular water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1. weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
25 parts of urea;
30 parts of potassium chloride;
43 parts of ammonium sulfate.
2. Heating urea to 170 ℃ for melting;
3. adding ammonium sulfate into the molten urea solution, stirring, heating to 165 ℃ for melting to obtain molten slurry, and feeding the molten slurry into a primary tank;
4. adding potassium chloride into the primary tank, continuously heating to 160 ℃, keeping the molten state to obtain mixed slurry, granulating, cooling, dusting anti-hardening powder, and bagging to obtain the nitrogen-potassium granular water-soluble fertilizer.
Determination of promoting effect of nitrogen-potassium particle water-soluble fertilizer on tomato leaves
Selecting 'Provence' tomatoes, raising seedlings by using a seedling tray, transplanting when 3-4 true leaves are planted, planting 1 tomato in each pot, applying 15-15-15 water-soluble fertilizer in a seedling stage, applying the nitrogen-potassium water-soluble fertilizer in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-3 to a fruit setting stage, applying the fertilizer according to 25kg per mu each time, and applying the fertilizer for 4 times in a flowering stage, a fruiting stage, a young fruit stage, a fruit expanding stage and a harvesting stage in sequence. Wherein, each fertilization adopts a drip irrigation mode, and the fertilizer-water ratio is 1. And 3 days after the fertilization, testing the chlorophyll content of the tomato leaves, and specifically referring to a standard photoelectric colorimetry.
Repeating the test tests for 4 times, testing the chlorophyll content of the tomato leaves obtained by the test for 4 times, and taking an average value; meanwhile, the test was carried out with no fertilizer as a control group, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, each index of the fertilization treatment was higher than that of the blank treatment; in example 1, compared with comparative example 1, the content of chlorophyll a is increased by 1.04%, and the content of chlorophyll b is increased by 1.40%, which shows that the chlorophyll content is increased by adding zinc and boron; in example 1, compared with comparative example 2, the chlorophyll a content is increased by 2.63%, and the chlorophyll b content is increased by 4.11%, which shows that the chlorophyll content can be increased by using the nitrogen-potassium fertilizer using ammonium-calcium as a raw material compared with the nitrogen-potassium fertilizer not using ammonium-calcium as a raw material; compared with the comparative example 3, the chlorophyll a content of the example 1 is increased by 1.94%, and the chlorophyll b content of the example 1 is increased by 7.58%, which shows that the chlorophyll content of the nitrogen-potassium granular water-soluble fertilizer using ammonium calcium as a raw material and adding trace elements such as zinc, boron and the like can be increased compared with the nitrogen-potassium granular water-soluble fertilizer not using ammonium calcium as a raw material and containing no zinc and boron. The water soluble fertilizer of the potassium azote particles of the examples 2 to 3 can also increase the chlorophyll content.
Determination of promotion effect of nitrogen-potassium water-soluble fertilizer on yield and quality of tomatoes
After the tomatoes are picked, the fresh weight of the overground parts of the tomatoes, and the vitamin C content, the fruit cracking rate, the distortion rate, the soluble sugar content and the soluble protein content of the tomatoes are tested. Wherein the vitamin C, the content of soluble sugar and the content of soluble protein are tested by referring to a 2, 6-dichlorophenol indophenol method, an anthrone method and a Coomassie brilliant blue colorimetric method, the distortion rate = the number of malformed fruits/total result number multiplied by 100%, and the fruit cracking rate = the number of cracked fruits/total result number multiplied by 100%.
Repeating the test for 4 times, testing the overground part fresh weight, vitamin C, fruit cracking rate, distortion rate, soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of the tomatoes obtained from the test for 4 times, and taking an average value. The test results are shown in tables 2 and 3, respectively.
TABLE 2
| Categories | Fresh weight of aerial fruit (kg/plant) | Measuring yield (kg/mu) |
| Blank group | 15.29 | 4587 |
| Example 1 | 20.31 | 6093 |
| Example 2 | 20.03 | 6009 |
| Example 3 | 19.82 | 5946 |
| Comparative example 1 | 19.36 | 5808 |
| Comparative example 2 | 18.43 | 5529 |
| Comparative example 3 | 18.01 | 5403 |
TABLE 3
As can be seen from the data in tables 2 and 3, each index of the fertilization treatment is higher than that of the blank treatment; compared with the comparative example 1, in the example 1, the fresh weight of the overground part fruits is increased by 4.67%, the content of vitamin C is increased by 1.44%, the distortion rate is reduced by 14.08%, the fruit cracking rate is reduced by 5.48%, the content of soluble sugar is increased by 3.44%, and the soluble protein is increased by 3.68%, so that the yield, the content of vitamin C, soluble sugar and soluble protein, and the malformed fruit rate and the fruit cracking rate can be reduced by adding zinc and boron into the nitrogen-potassium fertilizer; in example 1, compared with comparative example 2, the fresh weight of the overground part is respectively 9.25%, the vitamin C content is increased by 1.63%, the distortion rate is reduced by 18.25%, the fruit cracking rate is reduced by 10.23%, the soluble sugar content is increased by 4.99%, and the soluble protein is increased by 4.09%. Compared with the comparative example 3, the fresh weight of the overground part is increased by 11.32%, the vitamin C content is increased by 3.44%, the distortion rate is reduced by 21.60%, the fruit cracking rate is reduced by 15.53%, the soluble sugar content is increased by 6.08%, and the soluble protein is increased by 7.58%, which shows that the yield of the tomatoes can be obviously increased by using the nitrogen-potassium fertilizer which takes ammonium calcium as a raw material and is added with trace elements such as zinc, boron and the like compared with the nitrogen-potassium granular water-soluble fertilizer which does not adopt ammonium calcium as a raw material and does not contain zinc and boron, the quality of the tomatoes can be improved, the content of the soluble sugar and the soluble protein can be increased, and the malformed fruit rate and the fruit cracking rate can be reduced.
Determination of promotion effect of nitrogen-potassium water-soluble fertilizer on tomato root growth
After the harvesting of the overground parts of the tomatoes tested in the above examples 1-3, comparative examples 1-3 and blank control groups is finished, the fresh weight, the root length and the root activity of the roots of the tomatoes are tested, and the root activity is measured by adopting a TTC (triphenyltetrazolium chloride) method.
The test was repeated 5 times, and the fresh weight, root length and root activity of the root of each tomato plant obtained in 5 times of tests were measured and averaged, and the results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4
As can be seen from the data in Table 4, each index of the fertilization treatment is higher than that of the blank treatment; compared with the comparative example 1, the fresh weight, the length and the root activity of the root are respectively increased by 4.27%, 6.46% and 2.34% in the example 1, which shows that the fresh weight, the length and the root activity of the root can be improved by adding zinc and boron in the nitrogen-potassium fertilizer taking ammonium-calcium as the raw material; in example 1, compared with comparative example 2, the fresh root weight, the root length and the root activity are respectively increased by 4.88%, 12.09% and 2.94%, which shows that the fresh root weight, the root length and the root activity can be improved by using the nitrogen-potassium fertilizer using ammonium-calcium as the raw material compared with the nitrogen-potassium fertilizer not using ammonium-calcium as the raw material; in example 1, compared with comparative example 3, the fresh weight, the length and the root activity of the roots are respectively increased by 6.19%, 15.05% and 4.45%, which shows that the root activity of the tomatoes can be obviously improved and the root growth can be promoted by using the nitrogen-potassium granular water-soluble fertilizer which takes ammonium calcium as a raw material and is added with trace elements such as zinc, boron and the like compared with the nitrogen-potassium granular water-soluble fertilizer which does not adopt ammonium calcium as a raw material and does not contain zinc and boron.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the detailed process of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above detailed process, i.e., it is not intended that the present invention necessarily depends on the above detailed process for its implementation. It is understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention and the addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The nitrogen-potassium particle water-soluble fertilizer for the tomato topdressing is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
2. the preparation method of the nitrogen-potassium particle water-soluble fertilizer for the tomato topdressing as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10, heating and melting urea;
s20, respectively adding calcium ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate into the molten urea solution, stirring, heating and melting to obtain molten slurry, and feeding the molten slurry into a primary tank;
s30, adding potassium chloride into the primary tank, continuing to heat, keeping a molten state, and entering a secondary tank;
s40, adding zinc sulfate and borax into the secondary tank, continuing heating, keeping the molten state to obtain mixed slurry, granulating, cooling, and spraying anti-hardening powder to obtain the nitrogen-potassium granular water-soluble fertilizer.
3. The method for preparing the nitrogen-potassium particle water-soluble fertilizer for the tomato topdressing as claimed in claim 2, wherein the heating temperature in the step S10 is 170 ℃.
4. The method for preparing the nitrogen-potassium particle water-soluble fertilizer for the tomato topdressing as claimed in claim 2, wherein the heating temperature in the step S20 is 165 ℃.
5. The method for preparing nitrogen-potassium particle water-soluble fertilizer for tomato topdressing according to claim 2, wherein the heating temperature in step S30 is 160 ℃.
6. The method for preparing nitrogen-potassium particle water-soluble fertilizer for tomato topdressing according to claim 2, wherein the heating temperature in step S40 is 155 ℃.
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