CN115956421A - Spraying method of microbial agent - Google Patents
Spraying method of microbial agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN115956421A CN115956421A CN202211620057.2A CN202211620057A CN115956421A CN 115956421 A CN115956421 A CN 115956421A CN 202211620057 A CN202211620057 A CN 202211620057A CN 115956421 A CN115956421 A CN 115956421A
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 266
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for spraying a microbial agent, which comprises the following steps: s1: setting spraying related parameters; s2: adding a microbial agent and water into a liquid tank of a spraying system, starting a stirring system to stir and mix uniformly to prepare spraying liquid, and enabling the spraying liquid to fill a liquid conveying pipeline and enter a standby stage; s3: when the spraying, gather through counting assembly and spout the seed number of times and spout the seed quantity signal at every turn and give programmable controller for, gather spraying liquid flow signal and give programmable controller through flow transmitter, programmable controller controls the switch of solenoid valve according to spouting seed number of times signal and controls in order to adjust the liquid flow that spouts and then carry out the ration spraying to the seed with the regulation according to spouting seed quantity signal at every turn to the seed fixed point spraying at every turn and spout the aperture of seed quantity signal to the rotational speed of spray pump and/or proportional valve at every turn. The spraying method of the invention effectively guarantees the application effect of the microbial agent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a method for spraying a microbial agent.
Background
The microbial agent is a live bacterial preparation processed and prepared after industrial production and propagation, and has the effects of directly or indirectly improving soil, recovering land capability, maintaining balance of rhizosphere microbial systems, degrading toxic and harmful substances and the like. When the microbial inoculum is applied to agricultural production, the microbial inoculum increases the supply of nutrient absorption of plants or promotes the growth of plants, improves the quality of agricultural products and the agricultural ecological environment through the life activities of microorganisms contained in the microbial inoculum.
The rhizobium is a bacterium which forms root nodules in symbiosis with roots of the bean crops and can fix nitrogen, meets the self biological nitrogen fixation condition by symbiotic nitrogen fixation with the bean crops, and has important effects on improving crop yield, reducing the using amount of chemical fertilizers, reducing water and soil pollution and realizing agricultural sustainable development. At present, the using method of the agricultural microbial agent comprises seed dressing, flushing application and spraying; the seed dressing process is complex, and seed coats are easy to damage in the seed dressing process; the automation degree of spraying related equipment is low, and accurate spraying can not be carried out on seeds, so that the microbial inoculant is excessively sprayed, and the production cost is increased. In addition, after the microbial agent is sprayed into soil, the microbial agent cannot be guaranteed to completely survive or form dominant flora under the influence of various environmental conditions, so that the application effect of the microbial agent is greatly reduced.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for spraying a microbial agent, which can realize the accurate fixed-point and quantitative spraying of the microbial agent and effectively ensure the application effect of the microbial agent.
The invention provides a spraying method of a microbial agent, which comprises the following steps:
s1: setting spraying related parameters;
s2: adding a microbial agent and water into a liquid tank of a spraying system, starting a stirring system to stir and mix uniformly to prepare spraying liquid, and enabling the spraying liquid to fill a liquid conveying pipeline and enter a standby stage;
s3: when the spraying, gather the seed number of times of spouting and spout the seed quantity signal at every turn and transmit for programmable controller through counting assembly, gather spraying liquid flow signal and transmit for programmable controller through flow transmitter, programmable controller controls the switch of solenoid valve according to spouting seed number of times signal and controls in order to adjust the spraying liquid flow and then carry out the ration spraying to the seed with the rotation speed of spraying the pump and/or the aperture of proportional valve according to spouting seed quantity signal at every turn to the fixed point spraying of spouting the seed at every turn.
The spraying method of the microbial agent can be carried out by adopting a spraying system, and the specific structure of the spraying system is not strictly limited as long as the related functions can be realized. In one embodiment, the spraying system may include a spraying system, an agitation system and a control system, the spraying system includes a liquid tank and a spray head, the liquid tank is communicated with the spray head through a liquid conveying pipeline, a spraying pump is disposed on the liquid conveying pipeline, a proportional valve, a distributor, a solenoid valve and a flow transmitter, the agitation system includes an agitation slurry and a driving motor for driving the agitation slurry, the agitation slurry is mounted on the liquid tank to agitate the spraying liquid in the liquid tank, the control system includes a programmable controller and a counting device, the counting device collects the number of times of spraying the seeds and the number of the sprayed seeds at each time and transmits the signals to the programmable controller, the flow transmitter collects the flow signals of the spraying liquid and transmits the signals to the programmable controller, the programmable controller controls the switch of the solenoid valve according to the number of times of spraying the seeds to spray the sprayed seeds at each time, and the programmable controller controls the rotating speed of the spraying pump and/or the opening degree of the proportional valve according to the number of the sprayed seeds at each time to adjust the flow rate of the spraying liquid. In addition, the spraying system also comprises a tractor and a seeder connected with the tractor, the programmable controller is installed in a cab of the tractor and is connected with a vehicle-mounted power supply of the tractor through a direct current transformer, the counting device is installed at a seed sowing position of the seeder, the liquid tank is installed on a frame of the seeder, and the spray header is installed between a seed sowing device and a soil covering device of the seeder.
In the microbial agent spraying method, the programmable controller can adjust the speed of the spray pump and/or the opening degree of the proportional valve according to the set microbial agent type so as to adjust the flow rate of the spraying liquid and further control the spraying diameter or the spraying area of the spray header. Specifically, when the microbial agent is a nitrogen-fixing microbial agent, the spraying diameter taking a seed drop point as a circle center is controlled to be 5-50mm; when the microbial agent is a growth promoting microbial agent, the spraying diameter taking the seed drop point as the circle center is controlled to be 5-100mm; when the microbial agent is a biocontrol microbial agent, the spraying diameter taking the seed drop point as the circle center is controlled to be 50-150mm; the specific types of the nitrogen-fixing microbial agents, growth-promoting microbial agents and biocontrol microbial agents are not strictly limited, wherein the nitrogen-fixing microbial agents are soybean rhizobium agents and the like, the growth-promoting microbial agents are bacillus amyloliquefaciens agents and the like, and the biocontrol microbial agents are pseudomonas fluorescens agents and the like. The spraying diameter or the spraying area of the spray head can be adjusted according to the action mechanism of the microbial agent, so that the spraying liquid acts on seeds or acts on the seeds and surrounding soil, and a good spraying effect is realized; after the working stage, the programmable controller can adjust the speed of the spray pump and/or the opening degree of the proportional valve according to the set microbial agent category so as to adjust the flow rate of the spraying liquid, so that the spraying diameter or the spraying area can be changed by matching with the spray header.
In step S1 of the present invention, the spraying related parameters may include various of microbial inoculum stirring time, microbial inoculum stirring speed, spraying liquid flow value, branch pipe pressure alarm range, spray header overpressure alarm time, liquid tank residual liquid alarm threshold, system preparation time, spray pump speed, proportional valve opening, and microbial inoculum category; the set values of the parameters are not strictly limited and can be reasonably set according to actual needs. For example, the stirring time of the microbial agent may be set to 20 to 30 seconds; the stirring speed of the microbial agent can be set to be 150-180rpm; the flow rate of the spraying liquid can be set to 1-3L/min.
In step S2 of the present invention, the volume ratio of the microbial agent to water may be set to 1: (20-300). After the spraying liquid acts on the seeds or acts on the seeds and the surrounding soil, adding a microbial agent and water into a liquid tank, starting a stirring system of a spraying system to stir and mix uniformly, after the stirring time is over, after the microbial agent and the water are stirred and mixed uniformly, the spraying system enters a preparation stage, controlling a spraying pump to start at a low speed by a programmable controller, fully opening an electromagnetic valve and opening a proportional valve, after the spraying liquid flows through a filter from the liquid tank and is filtered, controlling the flow by the spraying pump and the proportional valve, and conveying the spraying liquid to a plurality of spraying heads by a distributor and the electromagnetic valve, after the preparation time is over, fully distributing the spraying liquid by a liquid conveying pipeline, and enabling the spraying system to enter a standby stage.
Step S3 of the method enters a working stage, the programmable logic controller adjusts the speed of a spray pump and/or the opening degree of a proportional valve according to the set microbial agent type so as to adjust the flow rate of spraying liquid, and the spraying diameter or the spraying area is changed by matching with a spray head; during operation, counting assembly gathers the seed number of spouting and spouts the seed quantity at every turn and transmits for programmable controller, flow transmitter gathers spraying liquid flow signal and transmits for programmable controller, programmable controller controls the switch of solenoid valve with to spouting the fixed point spraying of seed at every turn according to spouting seed number of times signal, programmable controller controls the rotational speed of spraying the pump and/or the aperture of proportional valve and then carries out the ration spraying to the seed with the regulation according to spouting seed number of times signal at every turn.
Step S3 of the present invention may further include: collecting a liquid level signal of the liquid tank through a liquid level sensor and feeding the liquid level signal back to the programmable controller, and alarming through a liquid level alarm when the liquid level of the spraying liquid is smaller than a preset liquid level value by the programmable controller; further, the pressure sensor collects the sprayThe pressure signal of the spray head is transmitted to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller adjusts the rotating speed of the spray pump and/or the opening degree of the proportional valve to perform pressurization treatment when the pressure of the spray head exceeds a preset pressure interval value; in addition, the timer collects the adjusting time signal of the programmable controller to the rotating speed of the spray pump and/or the opening degree of the proportional valve and transmits the adjusting time signal to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller gives an alarm through the nozzle alarm when the adjusting time is larger than a preset time value and the pressure of the spray head exceeds a preset pressure interval value. In the step S3, the fixed-point quantitative spraying is carried out to ensure that the effective viable count of the rhizobia on the surface of each seed is 10 3 -10 5 CFU。
In the method for spraying the microbial agent, the microbial agent comprises at least one of a nitrogen-fixing microbial agent, a growth-promoting microbial agent and a biocontrol microbial agent. The nitrogen-fixing microbial agent comprises at least one of a soybean rhizobium agent and a peanut rhizobium agent, and is preferably the soybean rhizobium agent. The growth-promoting microbial agent comprises a bacillus pumilus agent, wherein the preservation number of bacillus pumilus in the bacillus pumilus agent is CGMCC No.25787; in particular, the bacillus pumilus agent and the rhizobium agent are used simultaneously; the biocontrol microbial inoculum comprises a pseudomonas fluorescens inoculum, and the preservation number of pseudomonas fluorescens in the pseudomonas fluorescens inoculum is CGMCC No.8820.
The Bacillus pumilus CGMCC No.25787 is separated from soybean plant rhizobium and is an associated bacterium of the soybean rhizobium, 16SrDNA sequencing shows that the homology with the Bacillus pumilus is 99 percent, and the Bacillus pumilus is classified and named as: bacillus pumilus (Bacillus pumilus) with the preservation number: CGMCC No.25787, the preservation unit is: china general microbiological culture Collection center, the preservation address is as follows: the microbial research institute of No. 3 building of China academy of sciences of Xilu No. 1 of Beijing, chaoyang, the preservation time is as follows: 09/23 days 2022.
The implementation of the invention has at least the following advantages:
the method for spraying the microbial agent can solve the problems that the existing spraying equipment is low in automation degree and cannot spray seeds accurately, so that the microbial agent is excessively sprayed, and the like, and can be applied to the seeds accurately at fixed points and in a quantitative manner, so that the production cost is greatly reduced, and the application effect of the microbial agent can be effectively guaranteed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for spraying a microbial agent according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the spraying area of the nitrogen-fixing microbial agent;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the spraying area of the biological control microbial inoculum.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms also include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, and further, it is understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the method for spraying a microbial agent of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
s1: setting spraying related parameters;
s2: adding a microbial agent and water into a liquid tank of a spraying system, starting a stirring system to stir and mix uniformly to prepare spraying liquid, and enabling the spraying liquid to fill a liquid conveying pipeline and enter a standby stage;
s3: when the spraying, gather through counting assembly and spout the seed number of times and spout the seed quantity signal at every turn and give programmable controller for, gather spraying liquid flow signal and give programmable controller through flow transmitter, programmable controller controls the switch of solenoid valve according to spouting seed number of times signal and controls in order to adjust the liquid flow that spouts and then carry out the ration spraying to the seed with the regulation according to spouting seed quantity signal at every turn to the seed fixed point spraying at every turn and spout the aperture of seed quantity signal to the rotational speed of spray pump and/or proportional valve at every turn.
The spraying system of this embodiment includes spraying system, mixing system and control system, spraying system includes liquid case and shower head, the liquid case communicates through sending the liquid pipeline with the shower head, be equipped with the spray pump on sending the liquid pipeline, the proportional valve, the distributor, solenoid valve and flow transmitter, mixing system includes stirring thick liquid and the driving motor who is used for driving the stirring thick liquid, the stirring thick liquid is installed on the liquid case in order to stir the spraying liquid in the liquid case, control system includes programmable logic controller and counting assembly, counting assembly gathers and spits seed number signal and at every turn and gives programmable logic controller, flow transmitter gathers spraying liquid flow signal and gives programmable logic controller, programmable logic controller controls in order to spitting the seed fixed point spraying at every turn according to spitting seed number signal to the switch of solenoid valve, programmable logic controller controls in order to adjust the spraying liquid flow according to the aperture of spouting seed number signal at every turn to the rotational speed and/or the proportional valve of spray pump. The spraying system also comprises a tractor and a seeder connected with the tractor, the programmable controller is installed in a cab of the tractor and is connected with a vehicle-mounted power supply of the tractor through a direct current transformer, the counting device is installed at a seed sowing position of the seeder, the liquid tank is installed on a frame of the seeder, and the spray head is installed between the seed sowing device and the soil covering device of the seeder.
In the step S1, the spraying related parameters can comprise various of microbial agent stirring time, microbial agent stirring speed, spraying liquid flow value, branch pipeline pressure alarm range, spray header overpressure alarm time, liquid tank residual liquid alarm threshold value, system preparation time, spray pump speed, proportional valve opening and microbial agent category; the set values of the parameters are not strictly limited and can be reasonably set according to actual needs.
In step S2, the volume ratio of the microbial agent to water is set to 1: (20-300). Adding a microbial agent and water into a liquid tank, starting a stirring system of a spraying system to stir and mix uniformly, after the stirring time is finished, and after the microbial agent and the water are stirred and mixed uniformly, the spraying system enters a preparation stage, controlling a spray pump to start at a low speed by a programmable controller, fully opening electromagnetic valves, opening proportional valves, filtering spray liquid flowing through a filter from the liquid tank, controlling flow by the spray pump and the proportional valves, conveying the spray liquid to a plurality of spray heads through a distributor and the electromagnetic valves, after the preparation time is finished, fully distributing the spray liquid in a liquid conveying pipeline, and enabling the spraying system to enter a standby stage.
And S3, entering a working stage, collecting the number of seed spraying times and the number of seeds sprayed each time by the counting device and transmitting the number to the programmable controller, collecting a spraying liquid flow signal by the flow transmitter and transmitting the spraying liquid flow signal to the programmable controller, controlling a switch of the electromagnetic valve by the programmable controller according to the number signal of the seed spraying times so as to spray seeds sprayed each time in a fixed point manner, and controlling the rotating speed of the spraying pump and/or the opening degree of the proportional valve by the programmable controller according to the number signal of the seeds sprayed each time so as to adjust the flow of the spraying liquid and further carry out quantitative spraying on the seeds. In addition, when the spraying liquid level monitoring device works, a liquid level signal of the liquid tank is collected through the liquid level sensor and fed back to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller gives an alarm through the liquid level alarm when the liquid level of the spraying liquid is smaller than a preset liquid level value; by pressure transmissionThe sensor collects a pressure signal of the spray header and transmits the pressure signal to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller adjusts the rotating speed of the spray pump and/or the opening degree of the proportional valve to perform pressurization treatment when the pressure of the spray header exceeds a preset pressure interval value; the adjusting time signal of the programmable controller to the rotating speed of the spray pump and/or the opening degree of the proportional valve is acquired through the timer and transmitted to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller gives an alarm through the nozzle alarm when the adjusting time is larger than a preset time value and the pressure of the spray head exceeds a preset pressure interval value. The effective viable count of the rhizobia on the surface of each seed is 10 by quantitative spraying 3 -10 5 CFU。
Example 2
The method for spraying the microbial agent in the embodiment is improved on the basis of the embodiment 1 as follows: the programmable controller can also adjust the speed of the spray pump and/or the opening degree of the proportional valve according to the set microbial agent type so as to adjust the flow of the spraying liquid and further control the spraying diameter or the spraying area of the spray head, thereby accurately adjusting and controlling the microbial agents with different functions according to spraying.
The classification and source of the microbial agents are as follows:
nitrogen fixation microbial agent: soybean rhizobium inoculant (produced by advanced biological agriculture corporation);
growth promoting microbial inoculum: bacillus amyloliquefaciens (advanced biological agriculture Co., ltd.);
biocontrol microbial inoculum: pseudomonas fluorescens microbial inoculum (produced by leading biological agriculture GmbH).
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the nitrogen-fixing microbial agent needs to be attached to the surface of the seed, the infection probability of the nitrogen-fixing microbes can be improved by increasing the contact area, and the nitrogen-fixing microbial agent is sprayed on the surface of the seed to the maximum extent in the spraying process. The growth-promoting microbial inoculum acts near a plant root zone, belongs to rhizosphere microorganisms, can exert the mutual promotion effect with plants to the maximum extent when accumulating near a plant root system, and is mainly sprayed near the plant root system when being sprayed. The biocontrol microbial inoculum mainly inhibits the spread of soil-borne diseases, mainly acts on the whole planting soil, and covers the soil in the ridge area in the largest area when the microbial inoculum is sprayed. According to the requirements, the spraying diameter settings of different types of microbial agents are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 spray diameters of different classes of microbial Agents
| Classes of microbial Agents | Spraying diameter with seeds as center |
| Nitrogen fixation microbial agent | 5-50mm |
| Growth promoting microbial agent | 5-100mm |
| Biocontrol microbial inoculum | 50-150mm |
The speed of the spray pump and/or the opening degree of the proportional valve are/is adjusted through the category of the microbial agents to adjust the flow of the spraying liquid so as to control the spraying diameter or the spraying area of the spray head, so that accurate spraying and regulation and control as required can be realized, and the spraying effect of various microbial agents is ensured.
Example 3
In this example, the method of example 1 was used to spray rhizobium japonicum; the rhizobium japonicum is produced by adopting a rhizobium japonicum microbial inoculum (CGMCC No. 4346), the effective viable count is 119 hundred million/mL and leads the biological agriculture member company Limited.
Adding the soybean rhizobia microbial inoculum and water into a liquid box, and controlling the volume ratio of the soybean rhizobia microbial inoculum to the water to be 1:300, stirring and uniformly mixing for 25s at the speed of 150r/min to prepare spraying liquid; when the rhizobium japonicum microbial inoculum is sprayed, the using amount of the rhizobium japonicum microbial inoculum is 10 mL/mu, the spraying flow is 2L/min, and the spraying amount is 3L/mu.
Example 4
In the embodiment, the method of the embodiment 1 is adopted to spray peanut rhizobium; peanut rhizobium is produced by peanut rhizobium microbial inoculum CGMCC No.8346, the effective viable count is 102 hundred million/mL, and the peanut rhizobium is produced by biological agriculture enterprises.
Adding the peanut rhizobium inoculant and water into a liquid box, and controlling the volume ratio of the peanut rhizobium inoculant to the water to be 1:20, stirring and uniformly mixing for 20s at 180r/min to prepare spraying liquid; when the peanut rhizobium inoculant is sprayed, the using amount of the peanut rhizobium inoculant is 150 mL/mu, the spraying flow is 1L/min, and the spraying amount is 3L/mu.
Example 5
In the embodiment, the method of embodiment 1 is adopted to spray the mixed microbial inoculum of the rhizobium japonicum and the bacillus pumilus; wherein: the soybean rhizobia adopts a Rickettsia soybean rhizobia microbial inoculum (soybean rhizobia CGMCC No. 4346), the effective viable count is 119 hundred million/mL, and the soybean rhizobia is produced by leading biological agriculture enterprises; the bacillus pumilus adopts bacillus pumilus CGMCC No.25787, has effective viable count of 70 hundred million/mL, is produced by leading biological agriculture member company Limited, and is diluted to have effective viable count of 50 hundred million/mL when in use.
Adding the mixed microbial inoculum and water into a liquid tank, and controlling the volume ratio of the mixed microbial inoculum to the water to be 1:150, stirring and uniformly mixing for 25s at the speed of 150r/min to prepare spraying liquid; when the fertilizer is sprayed, the using amount of the rhizobium japonicum microbial inoculum is 10 mL/mu, the using amount of the bacillus pumilus microbial inoculum is 10 mL/mu, the spraying flow rate is 2L/min, and the spraying amount is 3L/mu.
Example 6
In the embodiment, pseudomonas fluorescens is sprayed by the method of the embodiment 2; wherein: the pseudomonas fluorescens adopts pseudomonas fluorescens microbial inoculum (pseudomonas fluorescens CGMCC No. 8820), the number of effective viable bacteria is 158 hundred million/mL, and the production is advanced to the production of biological agriculture stocks Co.
Adding the pseudomonas fluorescens microbial inoculum and water into a liquid tank, and controlling the volume ratio of the pseudomonas fluorescens microbial inoculum to the water to be 1:30, stirring and uniformly mixing for 25s at 165r/min to prepare spraying liquid; when the pseudomonas fluorescens bactericide is sprayed, the using amount of the pseudomonas fluorescens bactericide is 100 mL/mu, the spraying flow rate is 2L/min, and the spraying amount is 3L/mu.
Comparative example 1
The procedure was carried out in the same manner as in example 5 except that the Bacillus pumilus preparation of example 5 was replaced with a commercially available Bacillus pumilus preparation (having an effective viable cell count of 68 hundred million/mL, available from Biotech, gmbH, diluted to an effective viable cell count of 50 hundred million/mL) when used.
Comparative example 2
The procedure of example 5 was repeated except that the Bacillus pumilus preparation of example 5 was replaced with a standard Bacillus pumilus preparation (effective viable count: 50 hundred million/mL, available from the GmbH research and development center, beijing Wanjia, no. BWCC66005, diluted to an effective viable count of 50 hundred million/mL).
Comparative example 3
This comparative example utilized an existing spraying system to spray, which primarily regulated the spray flow rate based on the seeder speed signal and the spray flow rate signal.
Test example 1
1. Test materials
Soybean variety: dongsheng No. 1;
and (3) microbial agent: the number of effective viable bacteria of the rhizobium japonicum microbial inoculum is 119 hundred million/mL, which leads the production of biological agriculture companies.
2. Test method
A field test of mechanical spraying of the soybean rhizobium inoculant is carried out on a Helen farm in Sublike City, heilongjiang province, 6 treatments are set in the field test, each treatment is 5 mu, and the process is repeated for 3 times.
Treatment 1: seed dressing/spraying is not carried out;
and (3) treatment 2: dressing seeds by adopting a rhizobium japonicum microbial inoculum;
and (3) treatment: carrying out mechanized spraying by adopting the spraying method of the embodiment 3;
and (4) treatment: performing mechanized spraying by using the spraying method of the embodiment 5;
and (4) treatment 5: the spraying method of comparative example 1 was used for mechanical spraying;
and (6) treatment: the spraying method of comparative example 2 was used for mechanical spraying.
The dosage of the seed dressing/spraying microbial inoculum is 10 mL/mu, and the seed dressing/spraying microbial inoculum is sprayed after being diluted by 150 times of water before mechanical spraying (the seed dressing does not need to be diluted).
The effective root nodule number, root nodule weight and fresh weight of the biomass of the overground part of the soybean are investigated in the full-bloom stage, and the yield is measured in the harvest stage, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on Soybean nodulation and yield
Note: different lower case letters represent a difference significance (P < 0.05).
Table 2 the results show that:
compared with the control (treatment 1), the seed dressing (treatment 2) and the mechanical spraying (treatment 3) of the rhizobium japonicum can obviously increase the effective nodulation quantity and the nodulation weight of the soybeans, and simultaneously obviously promote the growth of the soybeans and improve the yield of the soybeans. The mechanical spraying method is not obvious in difference from the conventional seed dressing method, and the mechanical spraying method can effectively replace the conventional seed dressing method and improve the automation degree of the application of the rhizobium inoculant.
When mechanically sprayed, the bacillus pumilus CGMCC No.25787 is added, so that the method has obvious promotion effects on the aspects of effective nodulation number, nodule weight, fresh plant weight, single-plant pod number and the like, and the standard bacillus pumilus and other commonly-purchased bacillus pumilus have no obvious synergistic effect on soybean rhizobium bacteria; therefore, when the bacillus pumilus CGMCC No.25787 is added during spraying, the effect of the rhizobium japonicum can be further improved, and the bacillus pumilus and the rhizobium japonicum have obvious synergistic effect.
Test example 2
1. Test materials
Peanut variety: ji Hua No. 11;
and (3) microbial agent: the number of effective viable bacteria of the peanut nodule bacteria agent is 102 hundred million/mL, which leads the production of biological agriculture company Limited.
2. Test method
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a peanut rhizobium agent mechanical spraying field test in Jingan town of Changli county of Qinhuang island city in Hebei province, setting 3 treatments in the test, wherein each treatment is 1 mu, and repeating the treatment for 3 times.
Treatment 1: seed dressing/spraying is not carried out;
and (3) treatment 2: dressing seeds by adopting a Fusidel peanut rhizobium inoculant;
and (3) treatment: the mechanical spraying was carried out using the spraying method of example 4.
The dosage of the seed dressing/spraying microbial inoculum is 150 mL/mu, and the microbial inoculum is sprayed after being diluted by 20 times of water before mechanical spraying (the seed dressing does not need to be diluted).
The effective root nodule number, the needle number and the fresh weight of the biomass of the overground part of the peanut are investigated in the full-bloom stage, and the yield is measured in the harvest stage, and the results are shown in a table 3.
TABLE 3 Effect of different treatments on peanut nodulation and yield
Note: different lower case letters represent a difference significance (P < 0.05).
Table 3 the results show that:
compared with the control (treatment 1), the peanut rhizobium seed dressing (treatment 2) and the mechanical spraying (treatment 3) can obviously increase the effective nodulation number of the peanuts, promote the growth of the peanuts, increase the pod number of the peanuts and improve the yield of the peanuts. The mechanical spraying method is not obvious different from the conventional seed dressing method (p is less than 0.05), so that the mechanical spraying method can effectively replace the conventional seed dressing method and improve the automation degree of the application of the rhizobium inoculant.
Test example 3
1. Test materials
Soybean variety: black river No. 43;
and (3) microbial agent: the number of effective viable bacteria of the rhizobium japonicum microbial inoculum is 119 hundred million/mL, which leads the production of biological agriculture companies.
2. Test method
The method is characterized in that a field test of mechanically spraying the soybean rhizobium inoculant is carried out on the Xianghe farms in Beian city of Heilongjiang province, 5 treatments are set in the field test, each treatment is 5 mu, and the steps are repeated for 3 times.
Adding the soybean rhizobium inoculant and water into a liquid box, and controlling the volume ratio of the soybean rhizobium inoculant to the water to be 1:300, stirring and uniformly mixing for 25s at the speed of 150r/min to prepare spraying liquid; when the rhizobium japonicum microbial inoculum is sprayed, the using amount of the rhizobium japonicum microbial inoculum is 10 mL/mu, the spraying flow is 2L/min, and the spraying amount is 3L/mu.
Treatment 1: the spraying method of the embodiment 2 is adopted for mechanical spraying, and the spraying diameter taking the seeds as the center is controlled to be 5mm;
and (3) treatment 2: the spraying method of the embodiment 2 is adopted for mechanical spraying, and the spraying diameter taking the seeds as the center is controlled to be 25mm;
and (3) treatment: the spraying method of the embodiment 2 is adopted for mechanical spraying, and the spraying diameter taking the seeds as the center is controlled to be 50mm;
and (4) treatment: the spraying method of the embodiment 2 is adopted for mechanical spraying, and the spraying diameter taking the seeds as the center is controlled to be 100mm;
and (4) treatment 5: the spraying method of the experimental example treatment 2 is adopted to mechanically spray clear water, and the spraying diameter taking the seeds as the center is controlled to be 25mm.
The dosage of the sprayed microbial inoculum is 10 mL/mu.
The effective root nodule number, root nodule weight and fresh weight of the biomass of the overground part of the soybean are investigated in the full-bloom stage, and the yield is measured in the harvest stage, and the results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 Effect of different treatments on Soybean nodulation and yield
Note: different lower case letters represent significant differences (P < 0.05).
Table 4 the results show that:
in different treatments of spraying the soybean rhizobium inoculant, the effective nodulation number, the heavy root nodule and the yield of the soybean are reduced along with the increase of the spraying diameter with the seeds as the center; wherein, the effect is best when the spraying diameter of the rhizobium japonicum microbial inoculum is 5mm-50mm, the difference among three treatments is not obvious, and the closer the nitrogen-fixing microbial inoculum is to the seeds, the better. The mechanical spraying method provided by the invention is adopted to spray the diameter according to the category of the microbial agent, so that accurate spraying and regulation as required can be realized, and the spraying effect of the nitrogen-fixing microbial agent is ensured.
Test example 4
1. Test materials
Soybean variety: black river No. 43;
and (3) microbial agent: the pseudomonas fluorescens microbial inoculum has the effective viable count of 158 hundred million/mL, and leads the production of biological agriculture stocks, inc.
2. Test method
Selecting continuous cropping and serious soybean root rot attack plots on an Xunke farm in Beian city of Heilongjiang province, performing a pseudomonas fluorescens microbial inoculum mechanical spraying field test, setting 7 treatments in the test, treating 1 mu each, repeating for 3 times:
treatment 1: mechanically spraying the microbial agent by adopting the spraying method of the embodiment 6, wherein the spraying diameter taking the seeds as the center is controlled to be 25mm;
and (3) treatment 2: mechanically spraying the microbial agent by adopting the spraying method of the embodiment 6, wherein the spraying diameter taking the seeds as the center is controlled to be 50mm;
and (3) treatment: mechanically spraying the microbial agent by adopting the spraying method of the embodiment 6, wherein the spraying diameter taking the seeds as the center is controlled to be 100mm;
and (4) treatment: mechanically spraying the microbial agent by adopting the spraying method of the embodiment 6, and controlling the spraying diameter taking the seeds as the center to be 150mm;
and (4) treatment 5: mechanically spraying the microbial agent by adopting the spraying method of the embodiment 6, wherein the spraying diameter taking the seeds as the center is controlled to be 200mm;
and (6) treatment: the spraying method of the experimental example treatment 2 is adopted to mechanically spray clear water, and the spraying diameter taking the seeds as the center is controlled to be 50mm;
and (7) treatment: the spraying method of the test example treatment 4 is adopted to mechanically spray clear water, and the spraying diameter taking the seeds as the center is controlled to be 150mm;
the dosage of the sprayed microbial inoculum is 100 mL/mu.
The onset of soybean root rot was investigated at flowering stage and the results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 Effect of different treatments on the incidence of Soybean root rot
| Treatment of | Investigation of plant number (strain) | Number of affected plants (plant) | Incidence (%) |
| Process 1 | 90 | 25 | 27.8 |
| Treatment 2 | 90 | 16 | 17.8 |
| Treatment 3 | 90 | 11 | 12.2 |
| Treatment 4 | 90 | 15 | 16.7 |
| Treatment 5 | 90 | 27 | 30.0 |
| Treatment 6 | 90 | 58 | 64.4 |
| Treatment 7 | 90 | 56 | 62.2 |
Disease incidence survey: 3 spots were randomly selected, and each spot was 30.
Incidence (%) = (number of diseased plants/total number of plants) × 100%.
Table 5 the results show that:
in different treatments of spraying pseudomonas fluorescens, the incidence of soybean root rot tends to decrease first and then increase with the increase of the spraying diameter with seeds as the center. The incidence rates of soybean root rot of the clear water control groups (treatment 6 and treatment 7) are both more than 60%, the incidence rates of the treatments (treatment 1-treatment 5) sprayed with the pseudomonas fluorescens are not more than 30%, and the incidence rates of the treatments with spraying diameters of 50-150mm taking the seeds as the center are all less than 18%. The mechanical spraying method can realize accurate spraying and regulation and control according to requirements, and ensures the spraying effect of the biological control microbial inoculum.
Test example 5
1. Test materials
Soybean variety: heilongong No. 84;
and (3) microbial agent: the rhizobium japonicum microbial inoculum is 119 hundred million/mL of effective viable bacteria and is produced by leading biological agriculture stocks limited company.
2. Test method
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a field test of mechanically spraying the soybean rhizobium at Heilongyong and Zhenggonjiatun in Suizhua city of Heilongjiang province, setting 2 treatments in the field test, and spraying 100 mu of the soybean rhizobium in each treatment.
Adding the soybean rhizobia microbial inoculum and water into a liquid box, and controlling the volume ratio of the soybean rhizobia microbial inoculum to the water to be 1:300, uniformly stirring to prepare spraying liquid, wherein the spraying flow is 2L/min. Treatment 1: the spraying method of the embodiment 1 is adopted for mechanical spraying, and the spraying diameter taking the seeds as the center is controlled to be 10mm;
and (3) treatment 2: the spraying method of comparative example 3 was used for mechanical spraying.
And (3) counting the mu spraying amount of the spraying liquid, investigating the effective root nodule number, the root nodule weight and the fresh weight of the biomass of the overground part of the soybean in the full-bloom stage, and measuring the yield in the harvest stage, wherein the results are shown in a table 6.
TABLE 6 Effect of different treatments on Soybean nodulation and yield
Note: different lower case letters represent significant differences (P < 0.05).
Table 6 the results show that:
the effective number of nodules, nodule weight, and yield using the spray method of treatment 2 were significantly lower than those of treatment 1. Compared with the spraying method of the treatment 2, the spraying method of the treatment 1 can realize accurate spraying, effectively reduce the spraying amount per mu and improve the utilization efficiency of the microbial inoculum.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for spraying the microbial agent is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: setting spraying related parameters;
s2: adding a microbial agent and water into a liquid tank of a spraying system, starting a stirring system to stir and mix uniformly to prepare spraying liquid, and enabling the spraying liquid to fill a liquid conveying pipeline and enter a standby stage;
s3: during spraying, the counting device is used for collecting the number of times of spraying seeds and the number signal of the sprayed seeds every time and transmitting the signals to the programmable controller, the flow transmitter is used for collecting the flow signal of the spraying liquid and transmitting the flow signal to the programmable controller, the programmable controller controls the switch of the electromagnetic valve according to the number signal of the sprayed seeds so as to carry out fixed-point spraying on the sprayed seeds every time, and controls the rotating speed of the spraying pump and/or the opening degree of the proportional valve according to the number signal of the sprayed seeds every time so as to adjust the flow of the spraying liquid and further carry out quantitative spraying on the seeds;
preferably, the programmable controller adjusts the speed of the spray pump and/or the opening degree of the proportional valve according to the set microbial agent type to adjust the flow rate of the spraying liquid so as to control the spraying diameter or the spraying area of the spray header.
2. The method for spraying the microbial inoculant according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the spraying-related parameters comprise a plurality of microbial inoculant stirring time, microbial inoculant stirring speed, spraying liquid flow value, branch pipe pressure alarm range, spray header overpressure alarm time, liquid tank residual liquid alarm threshold, system preparation time, spray pump speed, proportional valve opening and microbial inoculant category.
3. The microbial inoculant spraying method according to claim 2, wherein the microbial inoculant stirring time is set to be 20-30s; the stirring speed of the microbial agent is set to be 150-180rpm; the flow rate of the spraying liquid is set to be 1-3L/min.
4. The method for spraying the microbial agent according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the volume ratio of the microbial agent to water is 1: (20-300).
5. The microbial inoculant spraying method according to claim 1, wherein step S3 further comprises: the liquid level sensor is used for collecting a liquid level signal of the liquid tank and feeding the liquid level signal back to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller gives an alarm through the liquid level alarm when the liquid level of the spraying liquid is smaller than a preset liquid level value.
6. The microbial inoculant spraying method according to claim 1, wherein step S3 further comprises: the pressure sensor collects pressure signals of the spray header and transmits the pressure signals to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller adjusts the rotating speed of the spray pump and/or the opening degree of the proportional valve to perform pressurization processing when the pressure of the spray header exceeds a preset pressure interval value.
7. The method for spraying the microbial inoculant according to claim 6, wherein a timer collects a regulating time signal of the programmable controller for the rotating speed of the spray pump and/or the opening degree of the proportional valve and transmits the regulating time signal to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller gives an alarm through a nozzle alarm when the regulating time is greater than a preset time value and the pressure of the spray head exceeds a preset pressure interval value.
8. The microbial agent spraying method according to claim 1, wherein the microbial agent comprises at least one of a nitrogen-fixing microbial agent, a growth-promoting microbial agent and a biocontrol microbial agent;
preferably, when the microbial agent is a nitrogen-fixing microbial agent, the spraying diameter taking the seed drop point as the circle center is controlled to be 5-50mm; when the microbial agent is a growth promoting microbial agent, the spraying diameter taking the seed drop point as the circle center is controlled to be 5-100mm; when the microbial agent is a biocontrol microbial agent, the spraying diameter taking the seed drop point as the circle center is controlled to be 50-150mm.
9. The microbial inoculant spraying method according to claim 8, wherein the nitrogen-fixing microbial inoculant comprises at least one of a rhizobium japonicum inoculant and a rhizobium arachidicola inoculant, preferably the rhizobium japonicum inoculant;
preferably, the quantitative spraying is carried out so that the effective viable count of the rhizobium japonicum on the surface of each soybean seed is 10 3 -10 5 CFU。
10. The method for spraying the microbial agent as claimed in claim 8, wherein the growth-promoting microbial agent comprises a bacillus pumilus agent, and the preservation number of bacillus pumilus in the bacillus pumilus agent is CGMCC No.25787;
preferably, the bacillus pumilus agent and the rhizobium agent are used simultaneously;
preferably, the biocontrol microbial inoculum comprises a pseudomonas fluorescens inoculum, and the preservation number of pseudomonas fluorescens in the pseudomonas fluorescens inoculum is CGMCC No.8820.
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