CN115955613A - High-speed high-precision slope generation module for CMOS image sensor - Google Patents
High-speed high-precision slope generation module for CMOS image sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-speed high-precision slope generation module for a CMOS image sensor, belonging to the field of CMOS image sensors; comprises 2 N +2 M The device comprises a current steering unit, a unidirectional slope control module, a resistor Rload, a resistor Rdummy and a capacitor Cfilter; wherein, the one-way slope control module is provided with 2 N +2 M Control signal output ends, wherein each output end is respectively connected with 2 input ends of the corresponding 1 current rudder unit; one output end of each current steering unit is connected with the resistor Rdummy and then grounded, and the other output end of each current steering unit is connected with a ramp reference voltage output point Vout; a ramp reference voltage output point Vout is respectively connected with a resistor Rload and a capacitor Cfilter in parallel; filtering the signals for realizing the step form to generate a slope; the invention can eliminate the burr glitch voltage of the output point, further improve the noise, differential nonlinearity and integral nonlinearity of the whole reading circuit, and reduce the slope between different chipsAnd (4) deviation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to, relate to a high-speed high-accuracy slope generation module used for CMOS image sensor, it is the CMOS image sensor field;
background
The CMOS image sensor is always developed towards higher resolution, faster frame rate and lower noise, and a single slope ADC is very suitable for a super-large array CMOS image sensor due to the fact that a column stage circuit of the single slope ADC is simple in structure and reference slope voltage can be shared in a column stage mode. The typical reference ramp voltage can be realized by a capacitor array DAC, a current steering DAC and the like, wherein a ramp generator in the current steering mode naturally has higher speed and stronger driving capability, and is suitable for a high-speed super-large array CMOS image sensor.
However, the conventional current steering DAC is implemented by using a control architecture of thermometer code plus binary code, and it is difficult to avoid the generation of glitch (glitch), thereby affecting the performance of ramp voltage, such as noise, integral nonlinearity, differential nonlinearity, and the like. For a high-precision DAC only using a pure thermometer code architecture, the logic structure of a traditional thermometer code generation module is too complex due to the universality of the traditional thermometer code generation module.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the defects in the prior art are overcome, and the high-speed high-precision slope generation module for the CMOS image sensor is provided, so that the burr glitch voltage of an output point can be eliminated, the noise, differential nonlinearity and integral nonlinearity performances of the whole reading circuit are further improved, and the slope deviation among different chips can be reduced.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high-speed high-precision ramp generation module for CMOS image sensor comprises 2 N +2 M The device comprises a current steering unit, a unidirectional slope control module, a resistor Rload, a resistor Rdummy and a capacitor Cfilter; wherein, the one-way slope control module is provided with 2 N +2 M Control signal output ends, wherein each output end is respectively connected with 2 input ends of the corresponding 1 current rudder unit; one output end of each current steering unit is connected with a resistor Rdummy and then grounded, and the other output end of each current steering unit is connected with a slope reference voltage output point Vout; a ramp reference voltage output point Vout is respectively connected with a resistor Rload and a capacitor Cfilter in parallel; the signal implementing the step form is filtered to generate a ramp.
In the above high-speed high-precision slope generating module for a CMOS image sensor, the current steering unit includes a MOS transistor M1, a MOS transistor M2, a MOS transistor M3, a MOS transistor M4, and an inverter INV;
the source electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with a power supply; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube M2; the grid electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with a first bias voltage V1; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M2 is respectively connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube M3 and the source electrode of the MOS tube M4; the grid electrode of the MOS tube M2 is connected with a second bias voltage V2; the grid electrode of the MOS tube M3 is connected with the corresponding control signal output end of the unidirectional slope control module; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M3 is connected with a ramp reference voltage output point Vout; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M4 is connected with a resistor Rdummy; the grid electrode of the MOS tube M4 is connected with the output end of the inverter INV; the input end of the inverter INV is connected with the control signal output end.
In the high-speed high-precision slope generation module for the CMOS image sensor, each control signal output end of the unidirectional slope control module outputs 2 control signals, which are respectively output to the gate of the MOS transistor M3 in the corresponding current steering unit and the input end of the inverter INV.
A high-speed high-precision ramp generation module for CMOS image sensor comprises 2 N +2 M Current rudderThe circuit comprises a unit, a one-way slope control module, a resistor Rload and a capacitor Cfilter; wherein, the one-way slope control module is provided with 2 N +2 M Each output end is respectively connected with 2 input ends of the corresponding 1 current rudder unit; the output end of each current steering unit is connected with a ramp reference voltage output point Vout; a ramp reference voltage output point Vout is respectively connected with a resistor Rload and a capacitor Cfilter in parallel; the signal implementing the step form is filtered to generate a ramp.
In the high-speed high-precision slope generating module for the CMOS image sensor, the current steering unit includes an MOS transistor M1, an MOS transistor M2, and an MOS transistor M3;
the source electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with a power supply; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube M2; the grid electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with a first bias voltage V1; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M2 is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube M3; the grid electrode of the MOS tube M2 is connected with a second bias voltage V2; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M3 is connected with a ramp reference voltage output point Vout; and the grid electrode of the MOS tube M3 is connected with the corresponding control signal output end of the unidirectional slope control module.
In the above high-speed high-precision ramp generating module for a CMOS image sensor, the unidirectional ramp control module is a shift register; unidirectional slope control module is composed of 2 N +2 M The D flip-flops are connected in series.
In the high-speed high-precision ramp generation module for the CMOS image sensor, the D trigger is provided with an input end D, a clock input end Clk, a RESET control end RESET and an output end Q; the input end D is connected with an external control input signal; the output end Q is connected with the input end D of the next D trigger; the clock input end Clk is connected with an external clock signal; and a reset control end RESE is connected to the reset bus.
In the high-speed high-precision ramp generation module for the CMOS image sensor, the output end Q of each D flip-flop outputs a control signal to a corresponding current steering unit.
In the high-speed high-precision ramp generating module for a CMOS image sensor, the upward ramp control method of the ramp generating module is:
before the time t1, the unidirectional slope control module is in a reset state; at the moment, the state flag of each control signal output end is 1;
in the time from t1 to t2, the unidirectional slope control module is changed into a working state from resetting; the state mark of each control signal output end is changed from 1 to 0 in sequence; the ramp reference voltage output point Vout becomes an upward ramp;
the downward slope control method of the slope generation module comprises the following steps:
before the time t1, the unidirectional slope control module is in a reset state; at this time, the state flag of each control signal output end is 0;
in the time from t1 to t2, the unidirectional slope control module is changed into a working state from resetting; the state flags of the output ends of the control signals are sequentially changed from 0 to 1; the ramp reference voltage output point Vout becomes a downward ramp.
In the high-speed high-precision ramp generating module for the CMOS image sensor, the slope of the upward ramp or the downward ramp is not changed, and the height of the upward ramp or the downward ramp is controlled by controlling the time from t1 to t 2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention provides a ramp voltage generating circuit suitable for a high-speed and high-precision large-array CMOS image sensor, which can eliminate the burr glitch voltage of an output point, further improve the noise, differential nonlinearity and integral nonlinearity of an integral reading circuit, and reduce the ramp deviation among different chips;
(2) The invention provides two circuit implementation modes, which can realize slope voltage, the basic unit respectively adopts a current rudder and a one-way current source structure, the control structure adopts a shift register mode, and for Nbit low-range slopes, the control signal is 2 in total N For (N + M) bit high range ramp, the control signal is 2 N +2 M A plurality of;
(3) The invention adopts an output point filtering mode, and can generate slope reference voltages of (N + 1) to (N + 4) bits by filtering the output of the Nbit precision DAC architecture, namely the final slope precision can be improved by 1-4 bits compared with the precision of the DAC architecture.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a ramp circuit structure of a current steering unit according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a ramp circuit structure of a second current steering unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a unidirectional ramp control module according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a control method of the ramp voltage generated by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
The invention provides a high-speed high-precision slope generation module for a CMOS image sensor, which can eliminate the burr glitch voltage of an output point, further improve the noise, differential nonlinearity and integral nonlinearity of an integral reading circuit, and reduce the slope deviation between different chips.
A high-speed high-precision ramp generation module for CMOS image sensor, as shown in FIG. 1, comprises 2 N +2 M The current steering unit, the unidirectional slope control module, the resistor Rload, the resistor Rdummy and the capacitor Cfilter; wherein, the one-way slope control module is provided with 2 N +2 M Control signal output ends, wherein each output end is respectively connected with 2 input ends of the corresponding 1 current rudder unit; one output end of each current steering unit is connected with a resistor Rdummy and then grounded, and the other output end of each current steering unit is connected with a slope reference voltage output point Vout; a ramp reference voltage output point Vout is respectively connected with a resistor Rload and a capacitor Cfilter in parallel; the signal implementing the step form is filtered to generate a ramp.
The current rudder unit comprises an MOS tube M1, an MOS tube M2, an MOS tube M3, an MOS tube M4 and an inverter INV; the source electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with a power supply; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube M2; the grid electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with a first bias voltage V1; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M2 is respectively connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube M3 and the source electrode of the MOS tube M4; the grid electrode of the MOS tube M2 is connected with a second bias voltage V2; the grid electrode of the MOS tube M3 is connected with the corresponding control signal output end of the unidirectional slope control module; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M3 is connected with a ramp reference voltage output point Vout; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M4 is connected with a resistor Rdummy; the grid electrode of the MOS tube M4 is connected with the output end of the inverter INV; the input end of the inverter INV is connected with the control signal output end.
Each control signal output end of the unidirectional slope control module outputs 2 control signals which are respectively output to the grid of the MOS transistor M3 in the corresponding current steering unit and the input end of the inverter INV.
Another design of the high-speed high-precision ramp generation module is shown in FIG. 2, which comprises 2 N +2 M The current steering unit, the unidirectional slope control module, the resistor Rload and the capacitor Cfilter; wherein, the one-way slope control module is provided with 2 N +2 M Control signal output ends, wherein each output end is respectively connected with 2 input ends of the corresponding 1 current rudder unit; the output end of each current steering unit is connected with a ramp reference voltage output point Vout; a ramp reference voltage output point Vout is respectively connected with a resistor Rload and a capacitor Cfilter in parallel; the signal implementing the step form is filtered to generate a ramp.
The current steering unit comprises an MOS tube M1, an MOS tube M2 and an MOS tube M3; the source electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with a power supply; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube M2; the grid electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with a first bias voltage V1; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M2 is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube M3; the grid electrode of the MOS tube M2 is connected with a second bias voltage V2; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M3 is connected with a ramp reference voltage output point Vout; and the grid electrode of the MOS tube M3 is connected with the corresponding control signal output end of the unidirectional slope control module.
The unidirectional slope control modules in the circuit form in the above 2 are all shift registers. As shown in fig. 3, the unidirectional slope control module is composed of 2 N +2 M And the D flip-flops are connected in series.
The D trigger is provided with an input end D, a clock input end Clk, a RESET control end RESET and an output end Q; the input end D is connected with an external control input signal; the output end Q is connected with the input end D of the next D trigger; the clock input end Clk is connected with an external clock signal; and a reset control end RESE is connected to the reset bus.
And the output end Q of each D trigger outputs a control signal to the corresponding current steering unit.
As shown in fig. 4, the upward slope control method of the slope generation module is as follows:
before the time t1, the one-way slope control module is in a reset state; at this time, the status flag of each control signal output end is 1;
in the time from t1 to t2, the unidirectional slope control module is changed into a working state from resetting; the state mark of each control signal output end is changed from 1 to 0 in sequence; the ramp reference voltage output point Vout becomes an upward ramp;
as shown in fig. 4, the downward slope control method of the slope generation module is as follows:
before the time t1, the one-way slope control module is in a reset state; at this time, the state flag of each control signal output end is 0;
in the time from t1 to t2, the unidirectional slope control module is changed into a working state from resetting; the state mark of each control signal output end is changed from 0 to 1 in sequence; the ramp reference voltage output point Vout becomes a downward ramp.
The slope of the upward slope or the downward slope is unchanged, and the height of the upward slope or the downward slope is controlled by controlling the time from t1 to t 2.
As shown in fig. 1, the binary control code and thermometer code, the control signals of which are connected to the current steering unit structure
Up and/or>
And &>
Are in an inverse relationship.
For the (M + N) bit current rudder architecture, the current rudder architecture consists of high (2N + 2M) current rudder units, the unit current rudder structure takes a first group as an example and consists of M1, M2, M3 and M4, wherein M1 and M2 are connected in series to form a cascode structure, and M3 and M4 form an inverting switch pair. V1 and V2 are connected to a bias voltage. The two outputs of all the current steering units are respectively connected together to form two output nodes, and the two output nodes are respectively connected with two resistors Rload and Rdummy. And Vout serving as a ramp reference voltage output point is connected with a capacitor Cfilter in parallel, and the signal in the form of a step is filtered to generate a ramp.
Unidirectional slope control module with control signals D1, D2, \ 8230and D (2N + 2M) respectively connected to current steering unit structure
C, removing; meanwhile, control signals D1, D2, \8230andD (2N + 2M) are also respectively connected to inverters INV1, INV2, \8230andINV (2) N +2 M ) On the input port of (a); INV1, INV2, and 8230INV 2 N +2 M ) Are respectively connected to
The above step (1); />
And/or>
In an inverse relationship.
As shown in FIG. 2, for the (M + N) bit current source architecture, the current is controlled by high (2) N +2 M ) The unit current source structure takes a first group as an example and consists of M1, M2 and M3, wherein the M1 and the M2 are connected in series to form a cascode structure, and the M3 forms a switch. V1 and V2 are connected to a bias voltage. The outputs of all the current source units are connected together and form an output node, and the output node is connected with a resistor Rload. And Vout serving as a ramp reference voltage output point is connected with a capacitor Cfilter in parallel, and the signal in the form of a step is filtered to generate a ramp.
Unidirectional slope control module for controlling signals D1, D2, \8230andD (2) N +2 M ) Respectively connected to current source cell structures
The above.
As shown in FIG. 3, the shift register is touched by DThe trigger unit is formed by connecting in series, and the trigger at least comprises an input end D, a clock input end Clk, a RESET control end RESET and an output end Q; the input D of the first D trigger is connected with an external control input signal, the output Q of the first trigger is connected to the input end D of the second trigger, and the output Q of the second trigger is connected to the input end D of the third trigger, so that the serial connection of the N + M D triggers is completed; the Clk of all the triggers are connected to an input clock; the RESET of all the triggers are connected to a bus; the output end Q of each trigger is respectively the output D1, D2, \ 8230and D (2) of the control module N +2 M )。
As shown in fig. 4, vout is the output Vout of fig. 1 or fig. 2, the clock is the clock Clk input of the unidirectional ramp control module, the control input is the control input of the unidirectional ramp control module, the reset is the reset of the unidirectional ramp control module,
is ^ based on FIG. 1 or FIG. 2>
The operation in fig. 4 (1) is explained as follows:
before S11 and t1, the unidirectional slope control module is controlled by 'reset' to be in a reset state,
s12, t1-t2, the unidirectional slope control module is changed from reset to working state,
changed as in Table 1>
Keeping the same; the output Vout appears as an Nbit ramp up;
s13, t2-t3, the unidirectional slope control module is controlled by reset to enter a reset state again,
keeping to be all 1;
and S14, t3-t5, the unidirectional slope control module is changed into a working state from resetting. Wherein the ratio of t3 to t4,
changed as in Table 2>
Keeping the same; wherein t4-t 5->
Remains unchanged and is taken out>
Varied in the manner shown in table 3. The output Vout appears as an (N + M) bit ramp up;
after S15 and t5, the unidirectional slope control module is controlled by reset to enter a reset state again,
remaining at all 1's.
The operation in fig. 4 (2) is explained as follows:
before the time S21 and t1, the unidirectional slope control module is controlled by 'reset' to be in a reset state,
s22, t1-t2, the unidirectional slope control module is changed from reset to working state,
changed as in table 4, based on>
Keeping the same; the output Vout appears as a Nbit down ramp;
s23, t2-t3, the unidirectional slope control module is controlled by reset to enter a reset state again,
keeping to all 0 s;
and S24, t3-t5, the unidirectional slope control module is changed into a working state from resetting. Wherein the ratio of t3 to t4,
changed as in table 5, based on>
Keeping the same; wherein the ratio of t4 to t5,
remains unchanged and is taken out>
Varied in the manner shown in table 6. The output Vout appears as an (N + M) bit down ramp;
after S25 and t5, the unidirectional slope control module is controlled by reset to enter a reset state again,
remaining at all 0 s.
TABLE 1 Shift register output during t1-t2 in FIG. 4 (1)
TABLE 2 Shift register output during time t3-t4 in FIG. 4 (1)
TABLE 3 Shift register output at time t4-t5 in FIG. 4 (1)
TABLE 4 Shift register output during t1-t2 in FIG. 4 (2)
TABLE 5 Shift register output during time t3-t4 in FIG. 4 (2)
TABLE 6 Shift register output during time t4-t5 in FIG. 4 (2)
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make possible variations and modifications of the present invention using the method and the technical contents disclosed above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-speed high-precision ramp generating module for a CMOS image sensor, characterized by: comprises 2 N +2 M The device comprises a current steering unit, a unidirectional slope control module, a resistor Rload, a resistor Rdummy and a capacitor Cfilter; wherein, the one-way slope control module is provided with 2 N +2 M Control signal output ends, wherein each output end is respectively connected with 2 input ends of the corresponding 1 current rudder unit; one output end of each current steering unit is connected with the resistor Rdummy and then grounded, and the other output end of each current steering unit is connected with a ramp reference voltage output point Vout; a ramp reference voltage output point Vout is respectively connected with a resistor Rload and a capacitor Cfilter in parallel; the signal implementing the step form is filtered to generate a ramp.
2. The high-speed high-precision ramp generation module for the CMOS image sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the current steering unit comprises an MOS tube M1, an MOS tube M2, an MOS tube M3, an MOS tube M4 and an inverter INV;
the source electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with a power supply; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube M2; the grid electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with a first bias voltage V1; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M2 is respectively connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube M3 and the source electrode of the MOS tube M4; the grid electrode of the MOS tube M2 is connected with a second bias voltage V2; the grid electrode of the MOS tube M3 is connected with the corresponding control signal output end of the unidirectional slope control module; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M3 is connected with a ramp reference voltage output point Vout; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M4 is connected with a resistor Rdummy; the grid electrode of the MOS tube M4 is connected with the output end of the inverter INV; the input end of the inverter INV is connected with the control signal output end.
3. The high-speed high-precision ramp generation module for the CMOS image sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: each control signal output end of the unidirectional slope control module outputs 2 control signals which are respectively output to the grid of the MOS transistor M3 in the corresponding current steering unit and the input end of the inverter INV.
4. A high-speed, high-precision ramp generating module for a CMOS image sensor, characterized by: comprises 2 N +2 M The current steering unit, the unidirectional slope control module, the resistor Rload and the capacitor Cfilter; wherein, the one-way slope control module is provided with 2 N +2 M Each output end is respectively connected with 2 input ends of the corresponding 1 current rudder unit; the output end of each current steering unit is connected with a ramp reference voltage output point Vout; a ramp reference voltage output point Vout is respectively connected with a resistor Rload and a capacitor Cfilter in parallel; the signal implementing the step form is filtered to generate a ramp.
5. The high-speed high-precision ramp generation module for the CMOS image sensor according to claim 4, wherein: the current rudder unit comprises an MOS tube M1, an MOS tube M2 and an MOS tube M3;
the source electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with a power supply; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube M2; the grid electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with a first bias voltage V1; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M2 is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube M3; the grid electrode of the MOS tube M2 is connected with a second bias voltage V2; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M3 is connected with a ramp reference voltage output point Vout; and the grid electrode of the MOS tube M3 is connected with the corresponding control signal output end of the unidirectional slope control module.
6. The high-speed high-precision ramp generation module for the CMOS image sensor according to one of claims 1 or 4, wherein: the unidirectional slope control module is a shift register; unidirectional slope control module is composed of 2 N +2 M The D flip-flops are connected in series.
7. The high-speed high-precision ramp generation module for the CMOS image sensor as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the D trigger is provided with an input end D, a clock input end Clk, a RESET control end RESET and an output end Q; the input end D is connected with an external control input signal; the output end Q is connected with the input end D of the next D trigger; the clock input end Clk is connected with an external clock signal; and a reset control end RESE is connected to the reset bus.
8. The high-speed high-precision ramp generating module for the CMOS image sensor according to claim 7, wherein: and the output end Q of each D trigger outputs a control signal to the corresponding current steering unit.
9. The high-speed high-precision ramp generation module for the CMOS image sensor according to one of claims 1 or 4, wherein: the upward slope control method of the slope generation module comprises the following steps:
before the time t1, the one-way slope control module is in a reset state; at the moment, the state flag of each control signal output end is 1;
in the time from t1 to t2, the unidirectional slope control module is changed into a working state from resetting; the state mark of each control signal output end is changed from 1 to 0 in sequence; the ramp reference voltage output point Vout becomes an upward ramp;
the downward slope control method of the slope generation module comprises the following steps:
before the time t1, the one-way slope control module is in a reset state; at this time, the state flag of each control signal output end is 0;
in the time from t1 to t2, the unidirectional slope control module is changed into a working state from resetting; the state mark of each control signal output end is changed from 0 to 1 in sequence; the ramp reference voltage output point Vout becomes a downward ramp.
10. The high-speed high-precision ramp generation module for the CMOS image sensor according to claim 9, wherein: the slope of the upward slope or the downward slope is unchanged, and the height of the upward slope or the downward slope is controlled by controlling the time from t1 to t 2.
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| CN117713835A (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-03-15 | 安徽大学 | Two-step column-level low-noise CIS analog-to-digital converter and CIS chip |
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| CN117713835A (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-03-15 | 安徽大学 | Two-step column-level low-noise CIS analog-to-digital converter and CIS chip |
| CN117713835B (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-04-26 | 安徽大学 | Two-step column-level low-noise CIS analog-to-digital converter and CIS chip |
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