CN115945506A - Anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system for waste photovoltaic panels - Google Patents
Anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system for waste photovoltaic panels Download PDFInfo
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- CN115945506A CN115945506A CN202310137169.0A CN202310137169A CN115945506A CN 115945506 A CN115945506 A CN 115945506A CN 202310137169 A CN202310137169 A CN 202310137169A CN 115945506 A CN115945506 A CN 115945506A
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses abandonment photovoltaic board anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system includes: the anaerobic thermal cracking furnace is provided with a feeding mechanism at one end along the length direction and a discharging mechanism at the other end; the combustion furnace is communicated with the discharging mechanism through a high-temperature induced draft fan; the dust removal mechanism is communicated with the outlet of the combustion furnace; and the spray tower is communicated with an outlet of the dust removal mechanism through a main fan, the spray tower is provided with an exhaust port communicated with the atmosphere, and the spray tower is used for washing the gas subjected to dust removal treatment and then exhausting the gas from the exhaust port. The high-temperature heat treatment method is the most effective disassembling mode of the waste photovoltaic panel, and the anaerobic thermal cracking process breaks through the limitations of low recovery rate of valuable materials, large waste gas treatment load and the like caused by the traditional high-temperature direct incineration, and provides a new idea for large-scale industrial application of related solid waste comprehensive utilization technologies.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste recovery, in particular to an anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system for a waste photovoltaic panel.
Background
Under the condition of reduction of fossil fuels, solar power generation is beginning to be regarded and utilized as a new renewable energy source. The photovoltaic panel is a power generation device which can convert light energy into direct current after being exposed to sunlight, and is gradually attractive to the market due to low cleaning cost. The photovoltaic panel consists of solid photovoltaic cells made almost entirely of semiconductor material (for example silicon), which, because of the absence of moving parts, can be operated for a long time without causing any losses. The photovoltaic panel assembly can be made in different shapes and the assemblies can be connected to produce more electrical energy. The service life of the photovoltaic panel is generally 15-25 years, the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panel is reduced along with the increase of the service time, even the photovoltaic panel is damaged and aged, a large number of waste photovoltaic panels are generated, and the recycling of the waste photovoltaic panels gradually becomes an urgent necessity for solving the problem of sustainable resource exploitation.
The photovoltaic panel mainly comprises a toughened glass surface, a (single/polycrystalline silicon) cell piece and a back plate (made of ageing-resistant materials such as TPT, TPE, PET and the like) and is fixedly bonded with each layer by EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) glue, and because the silver grid lines, tin dioxide, indium, gallium, germanium and other rare metals in the cell piece have higher recycling values, the photovoltaic panel is mainly recycled by separating the cell piece from the glass panel and the back plate in the photovoltaic panel and recycling the cell panel and the toughened glass piece.
The existing photovoltaic panel assembly separation and recovery modes mainly comprise physical separation, chemical treatment and incineration treatment. The physical separation and recovery mode is that the photovoltaic panel is broken and cut, and different parts of the photovoltaic panel are classified and recovered. Although the price is low and the glass can be directly recycled, high-value materials such as high-price metal and the like cannot be recycled. The chemical treatment mode is mainly that after the aluminum frame and the photovoltaic panel are separated and crushed, strong acid and strong alkali solution is used for soaking, and then metal substances in the aluminum frame and the photovoltaic panel are extracted after chemical reaction and precipitation. However, this method requires a large amount of strong acid and strong base, which is likely to cause industrial pollution, and the recovery process of the waste water discharged after use is complicated, which is not favorable for environmental protection. Incineration disposal mainly utilizes higher heating temperature to make aluminum alloy frame, copper line, battery piece and toughened glass part can part completely after carrying out crushing treatment with the photovoltaic board, and plastics parts such as backplate become ashes through burning, can discharge more waste gas and dust at whole incineration in-process, cause air pollution easily.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system for a waste photovoltaic panel, which can realize pollution-free recovery of the waste photovoltaic panel.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system for waste photovoltaic panels, comprising:
the anaerobic thermal cracking furnace is provided with a feeding mechanism at one end along the length direction, a discharging mechanism at the other end and used for carrying out anaerobic thermal cracking on the pretreated waste photovoltaic panel, and gas generated after the anaerobic thermal cracking is discharged through the discharging mechanism;
the combustion furnace is communicated with the discharging mechanism through a high-temperature induced draft fan and is used for combusting gas discharged by the discharging mechanism;
the dust removal mechanism is communicated with the outlet of the combustion furnace and is used for carrying out dust removal treatment on the flue gas combusted in the combustion furnace; and
and the spray tower is communicated with an outlet of the dust removal mechanism through a main fan, is provided with an exhaust port communicated with the atmosphere, and is used for washing the gas subjected to dust removal treatment and then exhausting the gas from the exhaust port.
Optionally, the anaerobic thermal cracking kiln comprises a furnace barrel and a hearth sleeved outside the furnace barrel, wherein a plurality of resistance wires are arranged in the hearth, and a plurality of third temperature measuring mechanisms are uniformly arranged along the axial direction of the furnace barrel.
Optionally, a plurality of shovelling plates are welded on the inner wall of the furnace cylinder.
Optionally, one end of the furnace cylinder close to the feeding mechanism is higher than one end of the furnace cylinder close to the discharging mechanism.
Optionally, the inlet of the feeding mechanism is communicated with at least one nitrogen tank group for providing an anaerobic environment for the anaerobic thermal cracking kiln.
Optionally, the combustion system further comprises an ignition system and a combustion fan, and the ignition system and the combustion fan are respectively connected with the combustion furnace.
Optionally, a feed end pressure detector is arranged at the feed mechanism, and a discharge end pressure detector is arranged at the discharge mechanism.
Optionally, an oxygen content tester is arranged between the discharging mechanism and the high-temperature induced draft fan.
Optionally, a blending port is arranged between the combustion furnace and the dust removal mechanism.
Optionally, a first temperature measuring mechanism is arranged between the discharging mechanism and the high-temperature induced draft fan; and a second temperature measuring mechanism is arranged between the combustion furnace and the dust removing mechanism.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the high-temperature heat treatment method is the most effective disassembly mode of the waste photovoltaic panel, and the anaerobic thermal cracking process breaks through the limitations of low recovery rate of valuable materials, large treatment load of waste gas and the like caused by the traditional high-temperature direct incineration, and provides a new idea for the large-scale industrial application of the related solid waste comprehensive utilization technology.
2. In the anaerobic pyrolysis process, under the condition of air isolation, high polymer materials such as EVA adhesive films undergo thermal decomposition reaction to generate volatile pyrolysis products, and the anaerobic pyrolysis process has the advantages of full disassembly, high recovery rate of valuable materials, good energy recovery and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system for waste photovoltaic panels according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an anaerobic thermal cracking kiln of the anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system for waste photovoltaic panels shown in fig. 1.
Reference numerals: 1. a nitrogen tank group; 2. a resistance wire; 3. a feeding mechanism; 4. an oxygen-free thermal cracking kiln; 5. a discharging mechanism; 6. a high-temperature induced draft fan; 7. an ignition system; 8. a combustion fan; 9. a combustion furnace; 10. a dust removal mechanism; 11. a main fan; 12. a spray tower; 13. a lifter; 14. a feed end pressure detector; 15. a third temperature measuring mechanism; 16. a furnace barrel; 17. a hearth; 18. a discharge end pressure detector; 19. an oxygen content detector; 20. a first temperature measuring mechanism; 21. a second temperature measuring mechanism; 22. an air mixing port; 23. an exhaust port; 24. and (7) shoveling the board.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a waste photovoltaic panel anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system according to an embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 1, the waste photovoltaic panel anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system of the embodiments of the present application generally comprises: the system comprises a feeding mechanism 3, an anaerobic thermal cracking kiln 4, a discharging mechanism 5, a high-temperature induced draft fan 6, a combustion furnace 9, a dust removal mechanism 10 and a spray tower 12. The feeding mechanism 3 is arranged at one end of the anaerobic thermal cracking kiln 4 and used for conveying materials into the anaerobic thermal cracking kiln 4, and the discharging mechanism 5 is arranged at the other end of the anaerobic thermal cracking kiln 4 and used for outputting the materials generated by anaerobic thermal cracking. Wherein, the anaerobic thermal cracking kiln 4 is used for providing a sealed environment for carrying out anaerobic thermal cracking on the materials. Specifically, the anaerobic thermal cracking kiln 4 comprises a furnace barrel 16 and a hearth 17 coated on the periphery of the furnace barrel 16, the furnace barrel 16 is used for receiving the materials input by the feeding mechanism 3, and one end of the furnace barrel 16 close to the feeding mechanism 3 is higher than one end of the furnace barrel 16 close to the discharging mechanism 5, so that the furnace barrel 16 is obliquely arranged. Meanwhile, the furnace tube 16 can be selectively driven by power and a speed reducer in the prior art to rotate, so that the material entering the furnace tube 16 from the feeding mechanism 3 can be axially displaced from the feeding end to the discharging end under the action of gravity and the rotation of the furnace tube 16, the continuous feeding of the material is realized, and the anaerobic thermal cracking process is uninterrupted. In particular, in the embodiment of the present application, the elevators 13 may be disposed at the bottom of the anaerobic thermal cracking kiln 4, and the inclination angle is determined by the elevation height of the two elevators 13. More specifically, the central axis of the furnace tube 16 is at an angle of 0 to 2 ° to the horizontal. Through setting up such angle, both can guarantee that the material can constantly move to the discharge end under the action of gravity, can not have too fast translation rate again.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an anaerobic thermal cracking kiln of the anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system for waste photovoltaic panels shown in fig. 1. As shown in fig. 2, the shoveling plates 24 are welded on the inner wall of the furnace barrel 16, and the shoveling plates 24 can ensure that the material is uniformly turned over in the axial displacement process, so that the heat exchange effect between the material and the high-temperature barrel wall is improved.
As shown in fig. 1, the furnace 17 is arranged around the outer circumference of the furnace tube 16, a plurality of resistance wires 2 are arranged in the furnace 17, and radiant heat generated by heating the resistance wires 2 is transferred to the material in the furnace tube 16 through the tube wall of the furnace tube 16, so that a high-temperature heat source is provided for anaerobic thermal cracking. In addition, a plurality of third temperature measuring mechanisms 15 are uniformly arranged along the axial direction of the furnace tube 16, and are used for detecting the temperature of each area in the furnace tube 16.
As shown in fig. 1, the feeding mechanism 3 is connected to two nitrogen gas tank sets 1, and before and during feeding, the nitrogen gas tank sets 1 are used for continuously feeding nitrogen gas into the furnace barrel 16 through the feeding mechanism 3, so as to provide an oxygen-insulated condition in the furnace barrel 16. Two nitrogen tank sets 1 are used one after the other. However, there is still combustible gas in the furnace tube 16, and therefore, in order to prevent accidents in which external oxygen is sucked into the furnace tube 16 to cause combustion or explosion, it should be ensured that a slight positive pressure is maintained inside the furnace tube 16. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application is provided with the feeding end pressure detector 14 at the feeding mechanism 3 and the discharging end pressure detector 18 at the discharging mechanism 5, respectively, to monitor the pressure at the feeding end and the discharging end of the furnace barrel 16 in real time, so as to ensure that the micro-positive pressure is maintained inside the furnace barrel 16.
After an aluminum frame of the waste photovoltaic plate is removed through pretreatment, the waste photovoltaic plate is fed into a furnace barrel 16 of an anaerobic thermal cracking kiln 4 through a feeding mechanism 3, axial displacement is slowly carried out in the furnace barrel 16, meanwhile, the waste photovoltaic plate is decomposed into gas waste and solid waste under the high-temperature anaerobic condition of the furnace barrel 16, the solid waste is temporarily stored in a discharging mechanism 5, the gas waste is discharged through the discharging mechanism 5, and the gas waste is further introduced into a combustion furnace 9 through a high-temperature induced draft fan 6 to be combusted.
More specifically, the waste gas discharged from the discharge mechanism 5 generally includes VOC gas generated by pyrolysis of high molecular materials such as EVA and TPT, and therefore, the oxidation reaction mainly occurs in the combustion furnace 9, and the VOC gas generates carbon dioxide and water after combustion.
As shown in fig. 1, a first temperature measuring mechanism 20 is disposed between the discharging mechanism 5 and the high temperature induced draft fan 6, and is used for detecting the temperature of the gas waste entering the combustion furnace 9 through the high temperature induced draft fan 6, so as to ensure that the temperature of the gas waste entering the combustion furnace 9 is less than 450 ℃.
As shown in fig. 1, an oxygen content detector 19 is disposed between the discharging mechanism 5 and the high temperature induced draft fan 6, and is used for detecting the oxygen content in the gas waste entering the high temperature induced draft fan.
As shown in fig. 1, the combustion furnace 9 is further connected to an ignition system 7 and a combustion fan 8, respectively, for ensuring that the combustion reaction in the combustion furnace 9 can be performed normally.
Referring to fig. 1, the outlet of the combustion furnace 9 is connected to a dust removing mechanism 10 and a spray tower 12 in this order. Specifically, the dust removing mechanism 10 selects a bag-type dust remover for collecting and removing particulate matters and smoke dust in the combustion products. The long-term temperature resistance of the bag-type dust remover should be not higher than 18 hearth 170 ℃, so a doping port 22 is arranged between the combustion furnace 9 and the dust removing mechanism 10 and is used for doping cold air into the pipeline to reduce the temperature of the gas entering the bag-type dust remover.
As shown in fig. 1, a second temperature measuring mechanism 21 is disposed between the combustion furnace 9 and the dust removing mechanism 10 for detecting the temperature of the gas entering the bag-type dust remover, and ensuring that the temperature is less than 180 ℃.
A main fan 11 is arranged between the dust removing mechanism 10 and the spray tower 12, the combustion tail gas is introduced into the spray tower 12 by the main fan 11 after being subjected to dust removal by the dust removing mechanism 10, and is exhausted to the atmosphere from an exhaust port 23 of the spray tower 12 after being subjected to scrubbing treatment. The liquid sprayed in the spray tower 12 is mainly sodium hydroxide solution, and is used for removing carbon dioxide in the combustion flue gas.
It should be further explained that the first temperature measuring mechanism 20, the second temperature measuring mechanism 21, and the third temperature measuring mechanism 15 in this application are all thermocouples.
The application discloses abandonment photovoltaic board anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system's theory of operation as follows:
after an aluminum frame of the waste photovoltaic panel is removed through pretreatment, the waste photovoltaic panel is fed into a furnace barrel 16 of an anaerobic thermal cracking kiln 4 through a feeding mechanism 3, the furnace barrel 16 is obliquely arranged and continuously rotates, and the material axially displaces towards the lower end of the furnace barrel 16 under the action of gravity until the material displaces to the discharge end; solid waste is discharged by a discharging mechanism 5, gas waste is discharged by the discharging mechanism 5 and is led out by a high-temperature draught fan 6 to be introduced into a hot blast stove for combustion, tail gas generated by combustion is introduced into a bag-type dust collector after being doped by air through a pipeline air doping port 22 and is introduced into a spray tower 12 by a main fan 11 to be treated to reach the standard and then is introduced into the atmosphere through an air exhaust port 23.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a abandonment photovoltaic board anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system which characterized in that includes:
the anaerobic thermal cracking kiln is provided with a feeding mechanism at one end along the length direction, a discharging mechanism at the other end and used for carrying out anaerobic thermal cracking on the pretreated waste photovoltaic panel, and gas generated after the anaerobic thermal cracking is discharged through the discharging mechanism;
the combustion furnace is communicated with the discharging mechanism through a high-temperature induced draft fan and is used for combusting gas discharged by the discharging mechanism;
the dust removal mechanism is communicated with the outlet of the combustion furnace and is used for carrying out dust removal treatment on the flue gas combusted in the combustion furnace; and
and the spray tower is communicated with an outlet of the dust removal mechanism through a main fan, is provided with an exhaust port communicated with the atmosphere, and is used for washing the gas subjected to dust removal treatment and then exhausting the gas from the exhaust port.
2. The anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system for waste photovoltaic plates as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anaerobic thermal cracking kiln comprises a furnace barrel and a hearth sleeved outside the furnace barrel, a plurality of resistance wires are arranged in the hearth, and a plurality of third temperature measuring mechanisms are uniformly arranged along the axial direction of the furnace barrel.
3. The anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system for waste photovoltaic panels as claimed in claim 2, wherein a plurality of shoveling plates are welded on the inner wall of the furnace cylinder.
4. The anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system of claim 2, wherein the end of the furnace drum near the feeding mechanism is higher than the end of the furnace drum near the discharging mechanism.
5. The anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system of claim 1 wherein the inlet of the feeding mechanism is in communication with at least one nitrogen tank set for providing an anaerobic environment for the anaerobic thermal cracking kiln.
6. The anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system for waste photovoltaic panels as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an ignition system and a combustion fan, wherein the ignition system and the combustion fan are respectively connected to the combustion furnace.
7. The anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system for waste photovoltaic plates as claimed in claim 1, wherein a feed end pressure detector is arranged at the feed mechanism, and a discharge end pressure detector is arranged at the discharge mechanism.
8. The anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system for the waste photovoltaic panel as claimed in claim 1, wherein an oxygen content tester is arranged between the discharging mechanism and the high-temperature induced draft fan.
9. The anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system for waste photovoltaic panels as claimed in claim 1, wherein a tuyere is arranged between the combustion furnace and the dust removal mechanism.
10. The anaerobic pyrolysis recovery system for the waste photovoltaic plates as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein a first temperature measuring mechanism is arranged between the discharging mechanism and the high-temperature induced draft fan; and a second temperature measuring mechanism is arranged between the combustion furnace and the dust removing mechanism.
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