CN115940752B - Building facade heat preservation photovoltaic integrated system - Google Patents
Building facade heat preservation photovoltaic integrated system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115940752B CN115940752B CN202310219875.XA CN202310219875A CN115940752B CN 115940752 B CN115940752 B CN 115940752B CN 202310219875 A CN202310219875 A CN 202310219875A CN 115940752 B CN115940752 B CN 115940752B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
Abstract
The invention provides a building elevation heat-preservation photovoltaic integrated system, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic integration; including installing the multirow thermal insulation photovoltaic module on building facade through bearing structure, install temperature sensor on the thermal insulation photovoltaic module, install insolation intensity meter on the building facade, temperature sensor, insolation intensity meter all are connected with wisdom fortune dimension management system, and the dc-to-ac converter end sets up data acquisition ware, gathers electric current, voltage, generated energy data and transmits wisdom fortune dimension management system, and wisdom fortune dimension management system integration visual show and management function module synthesizes management and control to thermal insulation photovoltaic integration system. The invention also designs two cooling structures, improves the corresponding supporting structure type, realizes the monitoring and control of the working temperature of the photovoltaic module based on the automatic temperature control scheme of the PLC, and solves the problems of higher working temperature, reduced photoelectric conversion efficiency and the like of the heat-preservation photovoltaic module caused by poor heat dissipation performance in the operation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building photovoltaic integration, and particularly relates to a building elevation heat-preservation photovoltaic integration system.
Background
The application of the photovoltaic power generation technology in the building is an important means for achieving the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutralization in the building field. The building photovoltaic integrated technology can be applied to areas such as roofs, facade walls, curtain walls, sunshade components and the like, has been developed to a certain extent in the aspect of roof and curtain wall application at present, and has formed a relatively mature product system and a relatively mature technical scheme. However, the building photovoltaic integrated technology is relatively less in application in the field of building facades, is mainly in a product exploration stage, has regular elements of the existing public building facades, is mostly large-area wall surfaces or glass curtain walls, and is used for building photovoltaic, wherein the wall surface area accounts for about 40% of the installed wall surface area, and a good carrier is provided for photovoltaic building integration.
Combining the building photovoltaic integration trend and the energy-saving reconstruction requirement of the building outer wall, the development of the building elevation heat-insulating photovoltaic integration structure with the heat-insulating layer aiming at the severe cold areas with the heat-insulating forced requirements is very necessary. However, the existing building elevation heat-insulation photovoltaic integrated technology has no relevant engineering experience, and has a plurality of difficulties in the implementation process, so that the problems that the area of the elevation capable of additionally installing the photovoltaic module is limited, the photovoltaic module is in direct contact with a wall body, wiring is difficult, installation efficiency is low, the photovoltaic module of the heat-insulation photovoltaic integrated board is high in summer working temperature, photoelectric conversion efficiency is low, the running state of the photovoltaic module cannot be perceived and dynamically adjusted and the like are required to be solved.
Based on the above, the invention provides a building elevation heat-preservation photovoltaic integrated system, which is innovatively designed from the aspects of a supporting structure, a photovoltaic module and the like, improves the building elevation photovoltaic installation area rate and the installation efficiency, and simultaneously constructs an intelligent operation and maintenance management platform to realize the functions of working temperature control, operation process visualization, on-line monitoring of energy data, on-line fault analysis and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a building elevation heat-preservation photovoltaic integrated system, which effectively solves the problems of limited installation area, difficult wiring, low installation efficiency, low photoelectric conversion efficiency caused by high working temperature and the like in the traditional building elevation heat-preservation photovoltaic integrated technology.
The present invention achieves the technical object by the following means.
The building elevation heat-preservation photovoltaic integrated system comprises a plurality of rows of heat-preservation photovoltaic modules which are arranged on a building elevation through a plurality of supporting structures, wherein each row of heat-preservation photovoltaic modules is provided with a plurality of heat-preservation photovoltaic modules, each heat-preservation photovoltaic module is provided with a temperature sensor, each building elevation is provided with an insolation intensity meter, and the temperature sensor and the insolation intensity meter are in signal connection with an intelligent operation and maintenance management system; the heat-insulating photovoltaic module is connected into a junction box, is converted into alternating current through an inverter after being junction by the junction box, and is finally connected into a power grid for use, and a data acquisition device is arranged at the end of the inverter to acquire current, voltage and generating capacity data and transmit the current, voltage and generating capacity data to an intelligent operation and maintenance management system; the intelligent operation and maintenance management system integrates a visual display and management function module and comprehensively manages and controls the building elevation heat preservation photovoltaic integrated system.
Further, the supporting structure comprises a horizontal support and a vertical support, a wire groove is arranged on the horizontal support, a bus is fixed in the wire groove, a plurality of wiring clamps are arranged on the wire groove, the bottoms of the wiring clamps extend into the wire groove to be connected with the bus, and the upper parts of the wiring clamps extend out of the wire groove; the outgoing line of the heat-preservation photovoltaic module is connected to the bottom junction box, the heat-preservation photovoltaic module is installed between the upper horizontal support and the lower horizontal support through the plug-in cooperation of the junction box and the junction card, the horizontal support is fixed on a building elevation through an expansion bolt, and the vertical support is installed between the two horizontal support ends in a clamping manner; the vertical support comprises two vertical steel plates and two webs which are welded together, and the lower part of the vertical support is provided with a hole for the bus extending from the wire slot to penetrate; the heat-preserving photovoltaic module comprises three structural forms, namely a heat-preserving photovoltaic module without a cooling structure, a heat-preserving photovoltaic module with a water cooling structure and a heat-preserving photovoltaic module with an air cooling structure.
Further, the heat-insulating photovoltaic module without the cooling structure is formed by bonding and pressing a front plate glass layer, a front packaging material layer, a power generation material layer, a rear packaging material layer, a rear plate glass layer and a heat-insulating layer; and a channel formed between the two webs of the vertical support and the two vertical steel plates is an electrical channel, and a cable used for being connected with a bus in the wire slot is installed in the electrical channel.
Further, the heat-insulating photovoltaic module with the water-cooling structure is formed by assembling a heat-insulating layer and a photovoltaic module, wherein the heat-insulating layer is tightly attached to a rear plate glass layer of the photovoltaic module, a plurality of holes are formed in the heat-insulating layer, which is close to the rear plate glass layer, along the horizontal direction, and capillaries serving as cooling water channels are arranged in the holes;
one end of the capillary tube is a bell mouth, the other end of the capillary tube is a spigot, the outer sides of the two webs of the vertical support are welded with a partition plate, a channel formed between the partition plate and the vertical steel plate is an electric channel, a cable used for being connected with a bus in a wire slot is installed in the electric channel, a vertical pipe is installed in the channel formed between the two webs and the vertical steel plate, a plurality of bell mouths and spigot mouths are respectively installed on two sides of the vertical pipe along the vertical direction, and holes are formed in the vertical support webs at positions corresponding to the bell mouths and the spigot mouths on two sides of the vertical pipe; the water cooling passages among the heat insulation photovoltaic modules on the same layer on the building elevation are in butt joint communication through the bell mouth and the spigot, and the water cooling passages among the heat insulation photovoltaic modules on the adjacent layers are in vertical pipe communication.
Further, a vertical pipe in the vertical support at one end of the first layer of heat-insulating photovoltaic module on the building elevation is sequentially connected with the variable-frequency water pump and the water tank and is used as a water inlet, and a vertical pipe in the vertical support at one end of the uppermost layer of heat-insulating photovoltaic module on the building elevation is connected with the cold water recovery water tank and is used as a water outlet;
The intelligent operation and maintenance management system management function module comprises a temperature control function unit, wherein the temperature control function unit integrates PLC control, analyzes based on monitored data, performs water cooling control on the photovoltaic module, calculates expected flow of fluid when the working temperature of the photovoltaic module is higher than the optimal working temperature, acquires corrected expected flow by introducing a flow adjustment coefficient, calculates expected frequency of the variable-frequency water pump based on the corrected expected flow, and accordingly sends a control instruction to the variable-frequency water pump to realize water cooling control; along with the water cooling, when the working temperature of the photovoltaic module is reduced below the optimal working temperature, the flow adjustment coefficient is set to be 1, the variable-frequency water pump is continuously controlled to work according to the expected frequency corresponding to the expected flow of the fluid obtained through current calculation, the fluid is continuously introduced into the capillary tube, and the working temperature of the photovoltaic module is maintained below the optimal working temperature;
wherein the expected flow rate of the fluidThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein:is solar irradiance; />Is the reflectivity of light; />Is the generated energy; />The heat dissipation capacity of heat convection and heat radiation is carried out on the photovoltaic module and the surrounding environment; / >Is excessive heat (I)>，/>Is the specific heat capacity of the fluid->、/>The fluid outlet temperature and the fluid inlet temperature respectively; wherein (1)>Comprising heat convection->And heat radiationThe specific calculation formula is as follows: />，Wherein->The surface temperature of the photovoltaic module; />Is ambient temperature;
the corrected expected flow rate is，/>And the current flow adjustment coefficient +.>The range of the values is as follows:；
based onCalculating the expected frequency +.>The formula of (2) is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,rated flow of variable-frequency water pump>Is the rated frequency.
Further, the heat-insulating photovoltaic module with the air cooling structure is formed by assembling a heat-insulating layer and the photovoltaic module, the heat-insulating layer is separated from the photovoltaic module to form an air channel, the left end and the right end of the heat-insulating layer and the photovoltaic module are all fixed at the edge through a clamping sleeve made of rubber materials, an opening matched with the size of the air channel is formed in the middle of the clamping sleeve, a plurality of saw-tooth structures are vertically arranged at the left end and the right end of the clamping sleeve, and adjacent heat-insulating photovoltaic modules are in butt joint through extrusion of the clamping sleeve;
the outer sides of the webs at the two sides of the vertical support are welded with a connecting plate, a channel formed between the connecting plate and the vertical steel plate is an electric channel, and a cable used for being connected with a bus in the wire slot is arranged in the electric channel; strip holes matched with the air channel in size are vertically formed in the two webs of the vertical support; the horizontal air channels between the heat-insulating photovoltaic modules on the same layer on the building elevation are mutually communicated, and the vertical air channels between the heat-insulating photovoltaic modules on the upper layer and the lower layer are also mutually communicated.
Further, an air pipe is arranged in a vertical air channel in the vertical support at one end of the first layer of heat-insulating photovoltaic assembly on the building elevation and is used as an air inlet, the other end of the air pipe at the air inlet is connected with a fan, and an air pipe is also arranged in the vertical air channel in the vertical support at one end of the uppermost layer of heat-insulating photovoltaic assembly on the building elevation and is used as an air outlet;
the intelligent operation and maintenance management system management function module comprises a temperature control function unit, wherein the temperature control function unit integrates PLC control, analyzes based on monitored data, sends out a control instruction to adjust the frequency of a fan, and automatically controls the working temperature of a photovoltaic module; the temperature control functional unit receives temperature data transmitted from a temperature sensor on the photovoltaic module, compares the temperature data with an internal preset threshold value, sends out a command to the fan through the PLC when the temperature data exceeds the threshold value, starts the fan, starts air cooling and reduces the temperature, and in the process, the temperature control functional unit adjusts the frequency of the fan in real time based on a mathematical relationship model between the frequency of the fan, the ambient temperature and the illumination intensity.
Further, the optimal thickness of the insulation layer in the insulation photovoltaic module is calculated based on the following formula:
In the method, in the process of the invention,representing the heat transfer coefficient of the building facade; />Representing the heat exchange coefficient of the inner surface of the building elevation; />Representing the heat exchange coefficient of the outer surface of the building facade; />The thermal conductivity coefficient of each layer of material of the building elevation containing the thermal insulation photovoltaic module; />The thermal conductivity coefficient of each layer of material of the building elevation containing the thermal insulation photovoltaic module is corrected; />Representing a building containing a thermal insulation photovoltaic moduleThe thickness of each layer of material on the vertical surface; />Is the thermal resistance of the closed air interlayer; />Reference numerals for each layer of material of building facade containing thermal insulation photovoltaic module>Representing the total material layer number of the building elevation;
wherein, the optimal thickness of the heat preservation layer is，/>Comprises->In the materials of each layer of the building facade, except the thickness of the heat preservation layer, the thickness of the materials of the other layers is known, and the optimal thickness of the heat preservation layer is +.>Obtained by direct calculation of the above formula.
Further, aiming at the heat insulation materials of the heat insulation layer in the heat insulation photovoltaic module, determining the type selection of the heat insulation materials by comparing the economic indexes of the heat insulation materials, wherein the economic indexes of the heat insulation materialsThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,the purchase price of the heat-insulating material in unit area is obtained; />Is the optimal thickness of the heat insulation layer.
Further, the visual display module of the intelligent operation and maintenance management system is used for building an operation and maintenance BIM model of the building elevation heat-preservation photovoltaic integrated system, the BIM light weight technology is adopted to reduce the model quantity, and operation and maintenance information display is carried out on a PC end and a mobile end APP; the visual display module is also used for numbering the heat-preservation photovoltaic modules, and the physical information and BIM model information are in one-to-one correspondence; the visual display module is also used for dynamically associating the BIM model with real-time temperature data transmitted by the temperature sensor and real-time current and voltage data transmitted by the heat-preserving photovoltaic module, displaying different temperatures through different colors, preliminarily judging fault points based on the temperature data, and early warning the temperature exceeding position under extreme conditions to guide maintenance personnel to overhaul;
The management function module of the intelligent operation and maintenance management system comprises an energy management function unit, wherein the energy management function unit is integrated to be used for carrying out time period generating capacity statistics and carbon accounting, and the generating capacity, the carbon emission reduction and the electric charge income analysis data are output for relevant personnel to check through operation.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) A novel heat-preservation photovoltaic panel structure and a corresponding supporting structure are designed; realizing optimal comprehensive cost of the heat preservation layer based on theoretical calculation; the heat-preservation photovoltaic module is connected with the bus in an inserting mode, and the installation is efficient and quick; the supporting structure integrates supporting functions, bus duct functions and the like, saves the building elevation area occupied by auxiliary measures, and greatly improves the laying area rate of the heat-insulation photovoltaic module.
(2) Two cooling structures are designed, the supporting structure type is improved according to different cooling structures, under the comprehensive control of the intelligent operation and maintenance management system, based on the temperature automatic control scheme of the PLC, the monitoring and control of the working temperature of the photovoltaic module are realized based on the operations such as parameter acquisition, data analysis and logic operation, the photovoltaic module is always within the optimal working temperature, namely always in an efficient operation area, the problems of higher working temperature, reduced photoelectric conversion efficiency and the like caused by poor heat dissipation performance of the heat-preserving photovoltaic module in the operation process are effectively solved, the coordination problem among a refrigerant passage, an electric passage and the photovoltaic module support is solved, and an important solution is provided for the cooling of the building elevation heat-preserving photovoltaic module.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal insulation photovoltaic module in embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a junction box;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a horizontal support structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a wiring card structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the vertical support structure in example 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a first capillary arrangement in example 2;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a jack structure in embodiment 2;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of the mouthpiece structure in embodiment 2;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of a vertical support structure corresponding to the first capillary tube in embodiment 2;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a side mounting socket for a neutral tube in example 2;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a side mounting socket of a riser in example 2;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a second capillary arrangement in example 2;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing the water flow direction during cooling in example 2;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the flow automatic adjustment control logic in example 2;
fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal insulation photovoltaic module in embodiment 3;
fig. 16 is a schematic view showing a partial structure of a ferrule in embodiment 3;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a vertical support structure in example 3;
FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing air circulation during air cooling in example 3;
fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of a building elevation heat preservation photovoltaic integrated system in embodiment 3.
In the figure: 1-an insulating layer; 2-junction box; 3-wiring cards; 4-a bottom plate; 5-an upper side plate; 6-a lower side plate; 7-top plate; 8-expansion bolts; 9-vertical support; 900-vertical steel plates; 901-a web; 902-connecting plates; 903-separator; 10-capillary tube; 11-socket; 12-socket; 13-bulge; 14-a riser; 15-electrical channels; 16-variable-frequency water pump; 17-a water tank; 18-cutting sleeve; 19-an air channel; 20-elongated holes; 21-a fan; 22-wind pipes; 23-a horizontal air duct; 24-a vertical air duct; 25-photovoltaic module.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1:
the building elevation heat-insulation photovoltaic integrated system comprises a plurality of heat-insulation photovoltaic modules shown in figure 1 and supporting structures shown in figures 3 and 5, wherein the heat-insulation photovoltaic modules are fixedly arranged on a wall body through the supporting structures; as shown in fig. 19, the thermal insulation photovoltaic module is connected to the junction box, and is converted into alternating current through the inverter after being converged by the junction box, and finally connected to the power grid for use.
The heat-preservation photovoltaic module is of a modularized fast-assembling structure and is formed by bonding and pressing a front plate glass layer, a front packaging material layer, a power generation material layer, a rear packaging material layer, a rear plate glass layer and a heat-preservation layer 1. As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, an installation groove is formed in the bottom of the heat-insulating photovoltaic module, the installation groove is positioned between the rear plate glass layer and the heat-insulating layer 1, a cuboid junction box 2 is installed in the installation groove, and outgoing lines of the power generation material layer are connected to the junction box 2; the connector at the end part of the junction box 2 extends out of the mounting groove and is of an inverted mountain-shaped structure, and two sides of the connector are of semi-cylindrical protruding structures and are used for being quickly abutted with the wiring card 3 in the supporting structure during subsequent assembly of the thermal insulation photovoltaic assembly.
The supporting structure is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, and is prefabricated in a factory and comprises a horizontal support and a vertical support 9.
As shown in fig. 3, the horizontal support comprises a fixed structure and a movable structure, wherein the fixed structure comprises a bottom plate 4, an upper side plate 5 and a lower side plate 6, a wire groove is fixedly arranged between the upper side plate 5 and the lower side plate 6, a heat-insulation photovoltaic module bus is fixed in the wire groove, an electric insulation measure is taken between the bus and the wire groove, an insulation measure is taken on the inner wall of the wire groove, a plurality of wiring cards 3 are arranged on the upper part of the wire groove, and the bottoms of the wiring cards 3 extend into the wire groove and are connected with the bus; as shown in fig. 4, the upper part of the wiring card 3 extends out of the wire slot and is shaped like a Chinese character 'shan', and the inner wall of the Chinese character 'shan' shaped structure is provided with a groove matched with the end joint of the wiring box 2, so that the quick assembly of the thermal insulation photovoltaic module is convenient to realize; the number and the positions of the wiring cards 3 are consistent with those of the heat-preservation photovoltaic modules installed in the supporting structure.
As shown in fig. 3, the movable structure is a top plate 7, a plurality of screw holes are formed in the bottom plate 4, the top plate 7 and the lower side plate 6, the intervals of the screw holes are determined according to the size of the heat-insulation photovoltaic module, and 3-5 screw holes are preferably arranged under one heat-insulation photovoltaic module; in actual installation, a plurality of thermal insulation photovoltaic modules are clamped and installed in a fixed groove formed by a bottom plate 4, a top plate 7 and an upper side plate and a lower side plate which are horizontally supported, and are mutually matched through a junction box 2 and a junction card 3 to realize splicing and fixing, an expansion bolt 8 penetrates through a screw hole and is fastened with a wall body of a building elevation, so that a supporting structure with the thermal insulation photovoltaic modules is stably installed on the building elevation; the type of the expansion bolts 8 is determined according to the weight of the supporting structure and the heat-insulation photovoltaic module.
As shown in fig. 3, the lengths of the upper side plate 5 and the lower side plate 6 in the horizontal support are both longer than those of the bottom plate 4 and the top plate 7; as shown in fig. 5, the vertical support 9 is formed by welding two vertical steel plates 900 and two webs 901, and the space between the two vertical steel plates 900 is matched with the width of the upper side plate and the lower side plate in the horizontal support, so that the vertical support 9 can be installed at two ends of the horizontal support through the clamping connection of the two vertical steel plates 900; holes for the bus to pass through are formed in the bottom of the vertical support 9 (the intersection part of the vertical support and the horizontal wire slot), a channel is formed between the web 901 and the vertical steel plate 900, the channel is an electrical channel 15, and the bus is also installed in the electrical channel 15.
In the thermal insulation photovoltaic module, the selection of the material and the thickness of the thermal insulation layer 1 has a great influence on the performance of the thermal insulation photovoltaic module, according to the energy-saving performance requirement of the outer wall of the public building, firstly, a plurality of thermal insulation materials (two types are selected in the embodiment and respectively are graphite polystyrene board and foaming polyurethane) are initially selected based on combustion characteristics, heat conduction characteristics, photovoltaic module structures and the like, then the optimal thickness of each thermal insulation material is analyzed and calculated, and then the economical index of each thermal insulation material is calculated based on the optimal thickness, and the final thermal insulation material and the corresponding optimal thickness thereof are determined under comparative analysis, wherein the specific process is as follows:
According to the thermal design partition where the building facade is positioned, the limit value of the heat transfer coefficient of the building facade is determined, the heat transfer coefficient of each layer of material (comprising the heat-preserving photovoltaic component) of the building facade is determined, and then the optimal thickness corresponding to each heat-preserving material is calculated based on the following formula：
In the method, in the process of the invention,the heat transfer coefficient of the building elevation is expressed as W/(m) 2 ·K)；/>The heat exchange coefficient of the inner surface of the building elevation is expressed as W/(m) 2 ·K)；/>The heat exchange coefficient of the outer surface of the building elevation is expressed as W/(m) 2 ·K)；/>The thickness of each layer of material (including a thermal insulation photovoltaic component) of the building elevation is expressed in m; />The thermal conductivity coefficient of each layer of material (including a thermal insulation photovoltaic component) of the building facade is W/(m.K); />The coefficient of thermal conductivity of each layer of material (including a thermal insulation photovoltaic component) of the building elevation is corrected; />For sealing the thermal resistance of the air space, the unit is m 2 ·K/W；/>Reference numerals indicating the materials of each layer of the building facade (including the heat-preserving photovoltaic module)>Representing the total material layer number of the building elevation; />、/>、/>、/>、/>、Can be obtained by consulting a practical heat supply air conditioner design manual;
in the materials (including the heat-insulating photovoltaic component) of each layer of the building facade, the thickness of each layer except the thickness of the heat-insulating layer 1 is known, and the optimal thickness corresponding to different heat-insulating materials can be directly obtained by utilizing the method ；
Then, based on the following general expression, calculating the economic index corresponding to each heat insulation material:
in the method, in the process of the invention,is an economic index, and the unit is a unit; />The unit is the purchase price of the heat-insulating material in unit area; by comparing different heat-insulating materials +.>The value can be used for analyzing the economy of adopting different heat insulation material schemes, thereby determining the optimal heat insulation material.
In this embodiment, still install temperature sensor on the heat preservation photovoltaic module, temperature sensor passes through cable access terminal box 2, finally transmits the monitoring data to wisdom fortune dimension management system in real time and carries out analysis processing. And the building facade is also provided with a solar irradiance meter for monitoring solar irradiance and connecting with the intelligent operation and maintenance management system, and transmitting solar irradiance data to the intelligent operation and maintenance management system for analysis and treatment.
The inverter end is provided with a data collector, data such as current, voltage, generated energy and the like are brought into an intelligent operation and maintenance management system, and the intelligent operation and maintenance management system integrates a visual display and management function module. The visual display module builds a building elevation heat-preservation photovoltaic integrated system operation and maintenance BIM model, the BIM light weight technology is adopted to reduce the model quantity, and efficient transmission and display of operation and maintenance information are realized on a PC end and a mobile end APP; numbering the heat-preserving photovoltaic module, and making a coding rule of 'position information + attribute information', wherein the position information adopts a mode of 'transverse sorting + vertical sorting', and the attribute information mainly comprises information such as photo-thermal performance parameters, electrical performance parameters and the like of the heat-preserving photovoltaic module, so that the one-to-one correspondence between the physical information and the building information is realized; the BIM model is dynamically associated with real-time temperature data transmitted by the temperature sensor and real-time current and voltage data transmitted by the heat-preserving photovoltaic module, the data are dynamically stored in the attribute of the BIM model, operation and maintenance information of each heat-preserving photovoltaic module can be displayed by clicking the heat-preserving photovoltaic module in the BIM model, the temperature is displayed by different colors, fault points can be preliminarily judged based on the temperature, early warning is carried out on the position with exceeding temperature under extreme conditions, maintenance personnel are guided to overhaul, and visualization of the operation and maintenance process of the heat-preserving photovoltaic module is realized. The management function module comprises an energy management function unit; the energy management functional unit integrates a mathematical algorithm, realizes functions of time period generating capacity statistics, carbon accounting and the like, and outputs data of generating capacity (hours, days, months and the like), carbon emission reduction, electric charge income analysis and the like through operation.
The installation method of the building elevation heat-preservation photovoltaic integrated structure comprises the following steps:
1. firstly, building a building model by adopting a BIM technology, and carrying out deepening design of a heat-preservation photovoltaic module and a supporting structure according to factors such as the size, the shape, window arrangement and the like of a building elevation; then, encoding the thermal insulation photovoltaic module based on an encoding principle, and inputting encoding information and thermal insulation photovoltaic module information into corresponding BIM model attributes; then, dividing modules based on the principle of convenient processing and construction, and coding the modules (only needing position information) to obtain a prefabricated processing diagram; then, according to the prefabricated processing diagram, the production and processing of the heat-preservation photovoltaic module and the supporting structure are carried out in a factory, and corresponding position information codes are stuck on the module by adopting labels; and finally, transporting to a construction site for installation after the processing is completed. In the embodiment, based on the principle of convenient maintenance, a vertical support 9 is preferably arranged every 5-10 heat-insulation photovoltaic modules in the deepened design.
2. Installing a heat-preservation photovoltaic module on a building elevation: firstly, drawing lines at the mounting positions of the supporting structures, perforating the wall surface, and temporarily fixing the fixing structure of the first layer of horizontal support on the building elevation; then aligning the junction box 2 at the bottom of the thermal insulation photovoltaic module with the junction card 3, splicing and installing the thermal insulation photovoltaic module on the fixed structure of the first layer of horizontal support, and then continuing to temporarily fix the fixed structure of the second layer of horizontal support, so as to ensure that the top of the first layer of thermal insulation photovoltaic module is clamped on the fixed structure of the second layer of horizontal support; then the first layer and the second layer of horizontal supports are connected by using the vertical supports 9, after all the heat-insulation photovoltaic modules in the first layer are completely installed, each bus extending out of the horizontal support wire slots is connected with a bus in an electric channel 15 of the vertical supports 9, and the on-off condition of the bus is checked by using a universal meter; after checking, installing a movable structure of each layer of horizontal support, and fixing the whole horizontal support with the building facade wall body through expansion bolts 8; up to this, the first layer of heat preservation photovoltaic module is installed and completed; and finally, installing other layers of heat-insulating photovoltaic modules according to the same method until all the heat-insulating photovoltaic modules on the building facade are installed.
Example 2:
the embodiment improves the structure of the heat-insulation photovoltaic module and the vertical support 9 on the basis of the embodiment 1, and adds a water cooling structure, and the concrete steps are as follows:
in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the thermal insulation photovoltaic module is assembled by the thermal insulation layer 1 and the photovoltaic module 25 (the module formed by bonding and pressing the front plate glass layer, the front packaging material layer, the power generation material layer, the rear packaging material layer and the rear plate glass layer), the thermal insulation layer 1 is tightly attached to the rear plate glass layer of the photovoltaic module 25, and the position of the junction box 2 is the same as that of embodiment 1. A plurality of holes are formed in the heat preservation layer 1, which is close to the rear plate glass layer, along the horizontal direction, and capillary tubes 10 serving as cooling water channels are arranged in the holes.
The capillary tube 10 comprises two structural types.
As shown in fig. 6, 7 and 8, the cross section of the first capillary tube 10 is circular, one end of the capillary tube 10 is a bell mouth 11, and the other end is a spigot 12 matched with the bell mouth 11; in actual installation, the bell mouth 11 and the spigot 12 at the end part of the capillary tube 10 are in butt joint installation between adjacent heat-preserving photovoltaic modules of the same layer, the butt joint installation is convenient and quick, the contact part of the spigot 12 and the bell mouth 11 is tightly attached and clamped by adopting the three-point protrusions 13, the tightness of water flow in the capillary tube 10 is ensured while the communication of a cooling waterway is realized, the risers 14 between the adjacent heat-preserving photovoltaic modules are in butt joint with each other, and the communication of the cooling waterway between the upper layer and the lower layer is realized.
As shown in fig. 9, 10 and 11, for the first capillary tube 10, a separator 903 is welded on the outer sides of two webs 901 of the vertical support 9, and an electrical channel 15 for a bus to pass through is formed between the separator 903 and the vertical steel plate 900; a vertical pipe 14 is arranged in a channel formed by two webs 901 of the vertical support 9 and the vertical steel plate 900, a plurality of bellmouths 11 and sockets 12 are respectively arranged on two sides of the vertical pipe 14 along the vertical direction, holes are formed in the webs 901 of the vertical support 9 at positions corresponding to the bellmouths 11 and the sockets 12 on two sides of the vertical pipe 14, and the subsequent vertical pipe 14 is conveniently in butt joint with the capillary tube 10.
As shown in fig. 12, the cross section of the second capillary tube 10 is semicircular, and the planar portion of the capillary tube 10 of this type is tightly adhered to the back plate glass layer, so that the contact area with the photovoltaic module 25 is larger and the heat exchanging effect is better than that of the first type. One end of the capillary tube 10 is a bell mouth 11 with a semicircular section, the other end is a spigot 12 matched with the bell mouth 11 and with a semicircular section, and adjacent heat-insulation photovoltaic modules in the same supporting structure are also in butt joint installation through the bell mouth 11 and a plug; for this type of capillary tube 10, the structure of the vertical support 9 is substantially the same as that of the corresponding vertical support 9 of the first type of capillary tube 10, except that the web 901 of the vertical support 9 is perforated one by one in a circular shape and one in a semicircular shape, and the cross sections of the socket 11 and the spigot 12 mounted on both sides of the internal vertical tube 14 of the vertical support 9 in this type are semicircular.
After all the heat-insulating photovoltaic modules on the building facade are installed, the vertical pipe 14 in the vertical support 9 at one end of the first layer of heat-insulating photovoltaic module is sequentially connected with the variable frequency water pump 16, the water tank 17 and the like by utilizing a water pipe to serve as a water inlet, and the vertical pipe 14 in the vertical support 9 at one end of the uppermost layer of heat-insulating photovoltaic module is connected with a cold water recovery water tank and the like by utilizing a water pipe to serve as a water outlet. The direction of cold water (i.e., refrigerant) flow is shown in fig. 13: after flowing out from the variable frequency water pump 16, cold water firstly enters other layers of risers 14 from bottom to top from the bottom of one side of the first layer of risers 14, then enters the capillaries 10 in the horizontal direction of each layer respectively, and is collected at the other side of the risers 14; finally, cold water flows out from the top of the stand pipe 14 at the other side of the uppermost layer from bottom to top; the capillary tubes 10 of each layer are in parallel connection type, so that the flow balance of each pipeline is realized.
The management function module of the intelligent operation and maintenance management system further comprises a temperature control function unit, wherein the temperature control function unit integrates PLC control, a temperature automatic control program is built, parameters such as the working temperature, the ambient temperature, the solar irradiance, the generated energy, the fluid inlet temperature, the fluid outlet temperature and the like of the photovoltaic module 25 are dynamically monitored, when the working temperature of the photovoltaic module 25 is higher than the preset optimal working temperature, the variable-frequency water pump 16 is started to perform water cooling, the water cooling control principle is shown in fig. 14, and the specific process is as follows:
Firstly, establishing an energy balance equation of the photovoltaic module 25 based on an energy conservation law:
wherein:the solar irradiance is a unit J, and is measured by a insolation intensity meter; />Is the reflectivity of light; />The unit W is the generated energy, and is measured by an electric meter; />The unit W is the heat dissipation capacity of the photovoltaic module 25 for heat convection and heat radiation with the surrounding environment; />Is excessive heat (I)>，/>The specific heat capacity of the fluid, unit J/kg · DEG C->Is the expected flow rate of the fluid, in kg;/>、/>the fluid outlet temperature and the fluid inlet temperature are respectively in units of DEG C;
mainly comprises two parts of heat convection and heat radiation, wherein the heat convection is +.>And heat radiation->The calculation method of (2) is as follows:
wherein:is the surface temperature (i.e., the operating temperature) of the photovoltaic module 25; />Is ambient temperature.
Based on the above formula, the refrigerant flow required in the energy balance state, i.e. the expected flow of the fluid, can be calculated；
In view of the variable frequency water pump 16 being started after the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module 25 exceeds the optimal operating temperature, if soRunning, the effect achieved is only to ensure the photovoltaicThe operating temperature of the component 25 does not rise any further, i.e. remains unchanged, still above the optimum operating temperature, so that an increase in +.>To take more heat to lower the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module 25, the present embodiment sets the flow adjustment coefficient +. >To obtain the corrected expected flow +.>，/>And the flow rate adjustment coefficient at this time +.>The value range is +.>；
Then based onCalculating the desired frequency +.>：
In the method, in the process of the invention,rated flow for variable-frequency water pump 16>Is the rated frequency.
The temperature control functional unit sends a control instruction to the variable-frequency water pump 16 based on the calculated expected frequency, and adjusts the frequency of the variable-frequency water pump 16 so as to realize the optimal cooling effect;
with the water cooling, when the working temperature of the photovoltaic module 25 is reduced below the optimal working temperature, the process is carried outAnd according to the expected frequency corresponding to the expected flow of the fluid calculated at the moment, continuously controlling the variable-frequency water pump 16 to work, continuously introducing the fluid into the capillary tube 10 of the heat-preserving photovoltaic module, and maintaining the working temperature of the photovoltaic module 25 below the optimal working temperature;
if the working temperature of the photovoltaic module 25 is higher than the preset optimal working temperature again after the photovoltaic module works for a period of time, repeating the process, and continuing to cool the photovoltaic module 25.
Compared with the embodiment 1, the building elevation heat preservation photovoltaic integrated structure installation method in the embodiment is characterized in that:
based on the most unfavorable working condition (the extreme highest air temperature of the place where the project is), the maximum heat and the required coolant flow rate possibly generated by the heat-preserving photovoltaic module are analyzed by adopting the formula according to the parameters of the cold water condition, the sunlight irradiance and the like of the place where the project is, and the number and the diameter design of the capillary tube 10 are guided in the initial design stage. In the actual installation process, the socket connection is adopted between the heat-preserving photovoltaic modules and the vertical pipe 14, and the gaps between the heat-preserving photovoltaic modules are sealed by silicone sealant, so that the tightness of the connection parts is ensured.
Example 3:
the embodiment improves the structure of the heat-insulation photovoltaic module and the vertical support 9 on the basis of the embodiment 1, and adds an air cooling structure, and the embodiment is as follows:
in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 15 and 16, the thermal insulation photovoltaic module is assembled by the thermal insulation layer 1 and the photovoltaic module 25 (the module formed by bonding and pressing a front plate glass layer, a front packaging material layer, a power generation material layer, a rear packaging material layer and a rear plate glass layer), wherein the thermal insulation layer 1 is separated from the photovoltaic module 25 to form an air channel 19, and both left and right ends of the thermal insulation layer 1 and the photovoltaic module 25 are edge-fixed by a clamping sleeve 18 made of rubber; the junction box 2 is now located in the air compartment. The cutting ferrule 18 is rectangular frame construction, bonds fixedly with keeping warm between the photovoltaic board, and the middle part is provided with air channel 19 size assorted opening, and both ends are provided with multichannel sawtooth structure along vertical about, and the sawtooth tip sets up to the inverted triangle structure, and the design of inverted triangle structure makes adjacent two blocks of thermal insulation photovoltaic module pass through cutting ferrule 18 extrusion butt joint get inseparabler.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 17, for a thermal insulation photovoltaic assembly with an air cooling structure, two connecting plates 902 are additionally welded on two sides of a vertical support 9, and an electrical channel 15 for a bus to pass through is formed between the connecting plates 902 and a vertical steel plate 900; the two webs 901 of the vertical support 9 are vertically provided with the strip holes 20, so that the horizontal air channels 23 between the heat-insulating photovoltaic modules on the same layer are mutually communicated after the subsequent installation is completed, and the vertical air channels 24 between the heat-insulating photovoltaic modules on the upper layer and the lower layer are also mutually communicated.
In actual installation, after all the heat-insulation photovoltaic modules on the building elevation are installed, the fan 21 is communicated with the vertical air duct 24 in the vertical support 9 by adopting the air duct 22, as shown in fig. 18, cold air enters from the vertical air duct 24 of the vertical support 9 on one side, flows through all the horizontal air ducts 23 in the heat-insulation photovoltaic modules from bottom to top in sequence, finally is gathered to the vertical channel of the vertical support 9 on the other side, and flows out from the uppermost outlet.
The automatic control principle of the working temperature of the photovoltaic module 25 by adopting air cooling is similar to that of water cooling, and the method is as follows: the management function module of the intelligent operation and maintenance management system further comprises a temperature control function unit, the temperature control function unit integrates PLC control, builds a temperature automatic control program, analyzes based on monitored data, and further sends out a control instruction to adjust the frequency of the fan 21 so as to automatically control the working temperature of the photovoltaic module 25; the temperature control functional unit receives temperature data transmitted from the temperature sensor on the photovoltaic module 25, compares the temperature data with an internal preset threshold value, if the temperature data exceeds the threshold value, the temperature data is sent out to be assigned to the fan 21 through the PLC, the fan 21 is started, air cooling and cooling are started, and in the process, the temperature control functional unit adjusts the frequency of the fan 21 in real time based on a mathematical relation model between the frequency of the fan 21, the ambient temperature and the illumination intensity, so that the optimal temperature control effect is guaranteed.
The examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious modifications, substitutions or variations that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The building elevation heat-preservation photovoltaic integrated system is characterized by comprising a plurality of rows of heat-preservation photovoltaic modules which are installed on a building elevation through a plurality of supporting structures, wherein each row of heat-preservation photovoltaic modules is provided with a plurality of heat-preservation photovoltaic modules, each heat-preservation photovoltaic module is provided with a temperature sensor, the building elevation is provided with a insolation intensity meter, and the temperature sensor and the insolation intensity meter are connected with an intelligent operation and maintenance management system through signals; the heat-insulating photovoltaic module is connected into a junction box, is converted into alternating current through an inverter after being junction by the junction box, and is finally connected into a power grid for use, and a data acquisition device is arranged at the end of the inverter to acquire current, voltage and generating capacity data and transmit the current, voltage and generating capacity data to an intelligent operation and maintenance management system; the intelligent operation and maintenance management system integrates a visual display and management function module and comprehensively controls the building elevation heat-preservation photovoltaic integrated system;
the support structure comprises a horizontal support and a vertical support (9), a wire groove is arranged on the horizontal support, a bus is fixed in the wire groove, a plurality of wiring cards (3) are arranged on the wire groove, the bottoms of the wiring cards (3) extend into the wire groove to be connected with the bus, and the upper parts of the wiring cards (3) extend out of the wire groove; the outgoing line of the thermal insulation photovoltaic module is connected to the bottom junction box (2), the thermal insulation photovoltaic module is installed between the upper horizontal support and the lower horizontal support through the plug-in cooperation of the junction box (2) and the junction card (3), the horizontal supports are fixed on a building elevation through expansion bolts (8), and the vertical supports (9) are installed between the two horizontal support ends in a clamping mode; the vertical support (9) comprises two vertical steel plates (900) and two webs (901) which are welded together, and the lower part of the vertical support (9) is provided with a hole for a bus extending from the wire slot to penetrate; the heat-insulating photovoltaic module comprises three structural forms, namely a heat-insulating photovoltaic module without a cooling structure, a heat-insulating photovoltaic module with a water cooling structure and a heat-insulating photovoltaic module with an air cooling structure;
The heat-insulating photovoltaic module with the air cooling structure is formed by assembling a heat-insulating layer (1) and a photovoltaic module (25), the heat-insulating layer (1) is separated from the photovoltaic module (25) to form an air channel (19), the left end and the right end of the heat-insulating layer (1) and the left end and the right end of the photovoltaic module (25) are fixed by edges of a clamping sleeve (18) made of rubber materials, an opening matched with the air channel (19) in size is formed in the middle of the clamping sleeve (18), and a plurality of saw-tooth structures are vertically arranged at the left end and the right end of the clamping sleeve (18), and adjacent heat-insulating photovoltaic modules are in extrusion butt joint through the clamping sleeve (18);
the outer sides of webs (901) on two sides of the vertical support (9) are welded with a connecting plate (902), a channel formed between the connecting plate (902) and the vertical steel plate (900) is an electric channel (15), and a cable used for being connected with a bus in a wire slot is arranged in the electric channel (15); strip holes (20) matched with the air channel (19) in size are vertically formed in the two webs (901) of the vertical support (9); the horizontal air channels (23) between the heat-insulating photovoltaic modules on the same layer on the building elevation are mutually communicated, and the vertical air channels (24) between the heat-insulating photovoltaic modules on the upper layer and the lower layer are also mutually communicated.
2. The building facade heat-preservation photovoltaic integrated system according to claim 1, wherein the heat-preservation photovoltaic component without the cooling structure is formed by bonding and pressing a front plate glass layer, a front packaging material layer, a power generation material layer, a rear packaging material layer, a rear plate glass layer and a heat preservation layer (1); and the channel formed between the two webs (901) of the vertical support (9) and the two vertical steel plates (900) is an electrical channel (15), and a cable used for being connected with a bus bar in the wire slot is arranged in the electrical channel (15).
3. The building facade heat-preservation photovoltaic integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat-preservation photovoltaic module with the water-cooling structure is formed by assembling a heat-preservation layer (1) and a photovoltaic module (25), the heat-preservation layer (1) is tightly attached to a back plate glass layer of the photovoltaic module (25), a plurality of holes are formed in the heat-preservation layer (1) near the back plate glass layer along the horizontal direction, and capillaries (10) serving as cooling water channels are arranged in the holes;
one end of the capillary tube (10) is a bellmouth (11), the other end of the capillary tube is a jack (12), the outer sides of two webs (901) of the vertical support (9) are welded with a partition plate (903), a channel formed between the partition plate (903) and the vertical steel plate (900) is an electric channel (15), a cable used for being connected with a bus in a wire slot is installed in the electric channel (15), a vertical pipe (14) is installed in the channel formed between the two webs (901) and the vertical steel plate (900), a plurality of bellmouths (11) and jacks (12) are respectively installed on two sides of the vertical pipe (14) along the vertical direction, and holes are formed in the webs (901) of the vertical support (9) at positions corresponding to the bellmouths (11) and the jacks (12) on two sides of the vertical pipe (14); the water cooling passages among the heat preservation photovoltaic modules on the same layer on the building elevation are in butt joint communication with the socket (11) and the spigot (12), and the water cooling passages among the heat preservation photovoltaic modules on the adjacent layers are communicated with each other through the vertical pipe (14).
4. The building elevation heat-preservation photovoltaic integrated system according to claim 3, wherein a vertical pipe (14) in a vertical support (9) at one end of a first layer of heat-preservation photovoltaic module on the building elevation is sequentially connected with a variable-frequency water pump (16) and a water tank (17) to serve as a water inlet, and the vertical pipe (14) in the vertical support (9) at one end of the uppermost layer of heat-preservation photovoltaic module on the building elevation is connected with a cold water recovery water tank to serve as a water outlet;
the intelligent operation and maintenance management system management function module comprises a temperature control function unit, the temperature control function unit integrates PLC control, analysis is carried out based on monitored data, water cooling and temperature reduction control is carried out on the photovoltaic module (25), when the working temperature of the photovoltaic module (25) is higher than the optimal working temperature, the temperature control function unit calculates the expected flow of fluid, obtains corrected expected flow through introducing a flow adjustment coefficient, calculates the expected frequency of the variable-frequency water pump (16) based on the corrected expected flow, accordingly sends a control instruction to the variable-frequency water pump (16), realizes the water cooling and temperature reduction control, and after the working temperature of the photovoltaic module (25) is reduced to be lower than the optimal working temperature, the flow adjustment coefficient at the moment takes a value of 1, the variable-frequency water pump (16) is continuously controlled to work according to the expected frequency corresponding to the expected flow of the fluid obtained through current calculation, the fluid is continuously introduced into the capillary tube (10), and the working temperature of the photovoltaic module (25) is maintained below the optimal working temperature;
Wherein, the expected flow m of the fluid is calculated as follows:
G-Gη-E′＝Q+Q y
wherein: g is the total radiant energy of the sun; η is the reflectance of light; e' is generated energy; q is the heat dissipation capacity of the photovoltaic module (25) for carrying out heat convection and heat radiation with the surrounding environment; q (Q) y As surplus heat, Q y ＝cm(t c -t r ) C is the specific heat capacity of the fluid, t c 、t r The fluid outlet temperature and the fluid inlet temperature respectively; wherein Q comprises thermal convection Q d And heat radiation Q r The specific calculation formula is as follows: q (Q) d ＝2.13(t p -t w ) 1.31 ，Q r ＝5×10 -8 [(t p +273) 4 -(t w +273) 4 ]Wherein t is p Is the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module (25); t is t w Is ambient temperature;
the corrected expected flow is m s ，m s =km, and the range of the current flow adjustment coefficient K is: k is more than 1 and less than 1.3;
based on m s Calculating the expected frequency f of the variable-frequency water pump s The formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein m is e Is the rated flow of the variable-frequency water pump, f e Is the rated frequency.
5. The building elevation heat-preservation photovoltaic integrated system according to claim 1, wherein an air pipe (22) is installed in a vertical air channel (24) in a vertical support (9) at one end of a first layer of heat-preservation photovoltaic module on the building elevation, the air pipe is used as an air inlet, the other end of the air pipe (22) at the air inlet is connected with a fan (21), and the air pipe (22) is also installed in the vertical air channel (24) in the vertical support (9) at one end of the uppermost layer of heat-preservation photovoltaic module on the building elevation, and is used as an air outlet;
The management function module of the intelligent operation and maintenance management system comprises a temperature control function unit, the temperature control function unit integrates PLC control, analysis is carried out based on monitored data, a control instruction is sent out to adjust the frequency of a fan (21), and the working temperature of a photovoltaic module (25) is automatically controlled; the temperature control functional unit receives temperature data transmitted from a temperature sensor on the photovoltaic module (25), compares the temperature data with an internal preset threshold value, sends out a command to the fan (21) through the PLC when the temperature data exceeds the threshold value, starts the fan (21), starts air cooling and reduces the temperature, and in the process, the temperature control functional unit adjusts the frequency of the fan (21) in real time based on a mathematical relation model between the frequency of the fan (21) and the ambient temperature and the illumination intensity.
6. The building facade insulation photovoltaic integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that the optimal thickness of the insulation layer (1) in the insulation photovoltaic module is calculated based on the following formula:
wherein K' represents the heat transfer coefficient of the building facade; alpha n Representing the heat exchange coefficient of the inner surface of the building elevation; alpha w Representing the heat exchange coefficient of the outer surface of the building facade; lambda (lambda) i The thermal conductivity coefficient of each layer of material of the building elevation containing the thermal insulation photovoltaic module; alpha i The thermal conductivity coefficient of each layer of material of the building elevation containing the thermal insulation photovoltaic module is corrected; delta i Representing the thickness of each layer of material of the building elevation containing the heat-insulating photovoltaic module; r is R k Is the thermal resistance of the closed air interlayer; i represents the material labels of all layers of the building facade containing the heat-insulation photovoltaic component, and n represents the total material layer number of the building facade;
wherein the optimal thickness of the heat preservation layer (1) is delta s ，δ i ComprisesWith delta s In the materials of each layer of the building facade, except the thickness of the heat insulation layer (1), the thicknesses of the materials of the other layers are known, and the optimal thickness delta of the heat insulation layer (1) s Obtained by direct calculation of the above formula.
7. The building facade insulation photovoltaic integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that for insulation materials of an insulation layer (1) in the insulation photovoltaic module, insulation material selection is determined by comparing economic indexes of the insulation materials, wherein the calculation formula of the economic index E of each insulation material is as follows:
E＝δ s ·P
wherein P is the purchase price of the heat-insulating material in unit area; delta s Is the optimal thickness of the heat insulation layer (1).
8. The building facade heat-preservation photovoltaic integrated system according to claim 1, wherein the visual display module of the intelligent operation and maintenance management system is used for building an operation and maintenance BIM model of the building facade heat-preservation photovoltaic integrated system, reducing model quantity by adopting BIM light weight technology, and displaying operation and maintenance information on a PC end and a mobile end APP; the visual display module is also used for numbering the heat-preservation photovoltaic modules, and the physical information and BIM model information are in one-to-one correspondence; the visual display module is also used for dynamically associating the BIM model with real-time temperature data transmitted by the temperature sensor and real-time current and voltage data transmitted by the heat-preserving photovoltaic module, displaying different temperatures through different colors, preliminarily judging fault points based on the temperature data, and early warning the temperature exceeding position under extreme conditions to guide maintenance personnel to overhaul;
The management function module of the intelligent operation and maintenance management system comprises an energy management function unit, wherein the energy management function unit is integrated to be used for carrying out time period generating capacity statistics and carbon accounting, and the generating capacity, the carbon emission reduction and the electric charge income analysis data are output for relevant personnel to check through operation.
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