AU2013100028A4 - Hybrid energy production PV solar panel - Google Patents
Hybrid energy production PV solar panel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2013100028A4 AU2013100028A4 AU2013100028A AU2013100028A AU2013100028A4 AU 2013100028 A4 AU2013100028 A4 AU 2013100028A4 AU 2013100028 A AU2013100028 A AU 2013100028A AU 2013100028 A AU2013100028 A AU 2013100028A AU 2013100028 A4 AU2013100028 A4 AU 2013100028A4
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- panel
- heat
- solar
- energy production
- hybrid energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
- F24S10/75—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits with enlarged surfaces, e.g. with protrusions or corrugations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/90—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation
- F24S10/95—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation having evaporator sections and condenser sections, e.g. heat pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/30—Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
An apparatus that generates electricity and heat from solar energy using PV panel integrated heat pipe system (PVIHP) is disclosed. The apparatus consists of a PV solar panel 1, an array of heat pipes 9 and a header pipe 7. The heat pipe 9 is attached to the PV panel back surface 1 by an aluminium sheet 15 and aluminium beams 11 to extract the accumulated solar energy from the PV panel 1. The header 7 allows water to pass throw it and collect the heat from the heat pipe heads 10. The power output from this apparatus is collected from the PV panel leads 12 and 13. The apparatus is used in power and heat system by connecting set of hybrid energy production PV solar panel in series by connecting the power leads 12 and 13 and the pipe fittings 19. This apparatus configuration increases energy conversion efficiency of the conventional PV panel and reduces it's internal heat accumulation that causes degradation in panel efficiency. --- 17 Figure 4
Description
1 HYBRID ENERGY PRODUCTION PV SOLAR PANEL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates to a hybrid energy production PV solar panels that produces electricity and hot water. The invention presents a solar panel that can produce two types of energy, electricity from the PV panel, and heat from integrated heat pipes array. [0002] Solar energy is being used to generate other types of energies such as: heat in the form of hot water or air, and electricity. The conventional method of heat generation from solar energy is the solar collector which collects the heat of solar radiation by a solar collector panel and stores this heat in a hot water tank. The conventional method of electricity generation from solar energy is the photovoltaic (PV) panel which comprises of many PV cells of semi-conductor material connected in series and produce DC current when they exposed to solar radiation. [0003] Patent number 1995020032 discloses a heat pipe solar hot water system. The invention comprises of an array of heat pipes inserted in an evacuated tubes to form a solar collector. The heat pipe extends upwards from the open end of the collector through a wall of a hot water cylinder into the water to be heated when the heat pipes exposed to solar radiation. This invention improved the heat collection efficiency of the solar water heaters. [0004] Cooling of PV surface was found to be a method to improve the efficiency of the conventional PV panels. One method of cooling techniques is by extracting the heat from the PV panel using circulating water in tubes network attached to PV panel back side. Other method is by extracting the heat in PV panel by using refrigerant gas tubes to act as evaporator of the refrigeration cycle. These technologies are mainly used in large scale units such as the building integrated PV system where the PV panel and cooling tubes are installed separately. Such an application of PV in buildings can be used for the production of electricity and space heating. [0005] Other type of PV cooling is by using air flow on the upper or lower side of the PV panel surfaces. A glass cover with air gap is installed to a PV- building facade to allow for cooling by air flow on the upper surface of the PV module. Some commercial PV modules used in a hybrid thermal system of a building showed that PV cooling can increase the electrical and total efficiency of the system.
2 [0006] Patent number 2007302616 discloses solar energy harvesting apparatus which consists of the thermal absorber transfers heat via a fluid connector to a circulated-fluid system, and a photovoltaic element mounted on the absorber and connected to an electrical harness by electrical connectors. The apparatus has complementary edge mating profiles engaging with a standard-tiled roof structure to replace some of the standard roof tiles.
3 SUMMARY OF INVENTION [0007] This invention discloses a PV panel integrated heat pipe system (PVIHP) that generate electricity and heat from solar energy. The design consists of a PV solar panel and an array of heat pipes configuration attached to the back side of the PV panel to extract the accumulated solar energy. The heat pipe array is connected to a universal header at the top of the panel. The header will allow water to pass throw it and collect the heat from the heat pipe heads. Such type of arrangement means one source of energy input to the system will generate two products. This configuration increases energy conversion efficiency of the PV panel and reduces it's internal heat accumulation that causes degradation in panel efficiency. TECHNICAL PROBLEM [0008] It is required to have a technique that can integrate heat pipe technology with the conventional PV panel technology to form one device of two types of energy production: heat and power. This technique will provide cooling to the PV cells and improve its electrical output. To become economically viable, the required technique must be applicable and adjustable to all type of PV panels currently available in the market by simple alteration and addition of the heat pipe components. The new panel must use the standard mounting, plumbing and electrical fittings. SOLUTON TO PROBLEM [0009] The hybrid energy production PV solar panel is replacing two devices, solar hot collector, and PV panel with one device. Set of the invented panel can be connected in series to increase both the hot water quantity and the PV system output voltage. ADVANTAGOUSE EFFECTS OF INVENTION [00010] The hybrid energy production PV solar panel can be applied to any existing design of PV panels by adding the heat pipe technique to the PV panel manufacturing process. The increase in the overall panel efficiency due to electricity and heat generation compensates the cost of alteration required in the PV panel manufacturing process. Applying the PVIHP to a certain facility that requires power and heat contributes to energy conservation and green-house gases reduction.
4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [00011] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: FIGURE 1 Back Side of the PV panel FIGURE 2 heat pipes configuration FIGURE 3 Back Side of the hybrid energy production PV solar panel FIGURE 4 Front side of the hybrid energy production PV solar panel FIGURE 5 The hybrid energy production PV solar panels connected in series 5 DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT [00012] The hybrid energy production PV solar panel which is a PV integrated heat pipe panel (PVIHP) consists of two major parts: the PV panel shown in figure 1, and heat pipe assembly shown in figure 2. [00013] The basic idea of this invention is its compatibility with any existing design of PV panels. Figure 1 depicts the alteration to the existing PV panel frame 5 by adding set of holes given by numeral 3 at the top side of the panel frame 5. [00014] Number of holes given by numeral 3 in figure 1 required to be added to the frame 5 depends on number of heat pipes given by numeral 9 in figure 2. Each heat pipe must be in contact with the PV panel back surface 1 given in figure 1. [00015] The heat pipe assembly is depicted in figure 2. Similar design of this heat pipe assembly is currently used in evacuated tube solar collector manufacturing process and is adopted in this patent application. Each heat pipe 9 combined with the header pipe 7 by fitting the heat pipe head 10 inside the header pipe interface 8. All pipes in this assembly are made from copper. [00016] The complete hybrid energy production PV solar panel assembly is shown in figure 3. Heat pipes 9 are kept attached to the PV panel back surface 1 by the aluminium sheet cover 5 which is secured with three mounting aluminium beams given the numeral 11 to allow surface contact between the heat pipes 9 and the PV panel back surface 1 . These beams are fixed to PV frame 5 using the existing standard mounting holes 2. The header is attached to the PV panel by the aluminium brackets 16. The power side of the hybrid energy production PV solar panel uses the existing components of the PV panel, the junction box 4, the power leads 12 and 13. [00017] The front side of the hybrid energy production PV solar panel is illustrated by figure 4. Number of heat pipes in the PV panel is governed by number of PV cells (given the numeral 17) in each row of the PV front surface 18. The position of the heat pipe is designed to pass through the centre of the PV cell 17 to provide thermal heat balance in the PV panel and produce uniform voltage from the PV cells. The generated power is collected from the existing leads 12 (negative charge) and 13(positive charge). The heat pipe collects the accumulative heat from the PV cells surface and delivers it to the header pipe 7 which is surrounded by the insulation 6 and header casing 14 illustrated in figure 4. The heat production from the hybrid energy production PV solar panel occurs when flow of water is allowed to flow in the header tube and become in contact with the header pipe interfaces to exchange the heat with heat pipe heads. [00018] In practical application, set of the hybrid energy production PV solar panels is used to 6 multi PVIHP panels in series. Standard method is used for power connection of set of PV panels, the negative lead 12 of second panel is connected to the positive lead 13 of the first panel to form power connection 20. In case of the heat generation the header pipe of the first panel is connected to the header pipe of the second panel by using pipe fittings 19. The inlet and exist terminals of each header pipe are fitted with 3/4 inch brass fittings. Water enters at inlet terminal given the numeral 21 passes through the headers of panel one and panel two then exists at higher temperature from outlet terminal 22. Manufacturing applicability [00019] The hybrid energy production PV solar panel is designed in a way that can be used in an existing PV panel production process by some additions and alterations to the manufacturing process. The process of alteration and addition of new components to a PV panel is given below. [00020] PV panel frame preparation: drill holes at the top side of PV frame, Number of holes drilled at the PV frame is equal to number of PV cells in each row, Holes location is at the centre line of each PV cell column. [00021] Heat pipe system assembly preparation: the manufacturing process of this assembly is adopted from evacuated tube solar collector manufacturing process. The heat tube length is taken equal to the length of the PV panel. The header tube length is taken equal to the PV panel width. The header tube is insulated to reduce heat loss from water. Number of header tubes interphase is equal to number of heat pipes. Inlet and exit header pipe fittings size 3/4 inch is used to connect group of panels in series. [00022] Integration process: position heat pipes through the holes at the PV panel frame, Attach the header brackets to the PV frame. Cover the heat pipe with the aluminium sheet, mount the aluminium bars on the aluminium sheet and screw them to the PV frame using the existing holes in the frame.
Claims (8)
1. A hybrid energy production PV solar panel comprises a PV integrated heat pipe system panel (PVIHP) that generate electricity and heat from solar energy. Electricity is generated from a conventional panel, while heat is generated from a heat pipe configuration similar to the one used in the evacuated tube solar collector. A PVIHP panel increases the overall panel efficiency due to the increase in panel output, electricity and heat output, for the same input of solar energy. Heat removal from the PV panel reduces cell temperature, and therefore increases PV panel output voltage.
2. A hybrid energy production PV solar panel in claim 1 wherein number of holes equal to number of PV cells in each row are drilled at the top side of a conventional PV panel frame. The said holes are aligned to the centre of each PV cells column.
3. A hybrid energy production PV solar panel according to claim 2 wherein copper heat pipes are run through the drilled holes. The said heat pipe length is equal to the panel length.
4. A hybrid energy production PV solar panel according to claim 3 wherein the said heat pipes are connected to a header copper pipe. The header pipe is insulated and fixed from both sides to the PV panel side frame to form the PVIHP panel.
5. A hybrid energy production PV solar panel according to claim 4 wherein the back side of the PVIHP panel is covered with aluminium sheet and keeping all PV power leads accessible.
6. A hybrid energy production PV solar panel according to claim 5 wherein the aluminium sheet is fixed with three aluminium beams screwed to the PV frame using the existing holes on the frame sides. The aluminium beams must bring the parts in claim 4 and 5 into surface contact.
7. A hybrid energy production PV solar panel according to claims 1 to 6 wherein the said parts form one PVIHP panel of power lead output and inlet and exit tube for water flow.
8. A hybrid energy production PV solar panel according to claim 7 wherein the multi panels can be connected in series through a 3/4 inch brass fittings and connection of a negative lead from one panel with a positive lead from another panel.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2013100028A AU2013100028B4 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2013-01-15 | Hybrid energy production PV solar panel |
| PCT/AU2013/001191 WO2014075127A1 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2013-10-15 | Hybrid energy apparatus and method forming a hybrid energy apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2012905009 | 2012-11-19 | ||
| AU2012905009A AU2012905009A0 (en) | 2012-11-19 | Hybrid energy production PV solar panel | |
| AU2013100028A AU2013100028B4 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2013-01-15 | Hybrid energy production PV solar panel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2013100028A4 true AU2013100028A4 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
| AU2013100028B4 AU2013100028B4 (en) | 2013-09-05 |
Family
ID=47846659
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2013100028A Ceased AU2013100028B4 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2013-01-15 | Hybrid energy production PV solar panel |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2013100028B4 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014075127A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202013008494U1 (en) | 2013-09-24 | 2013-11-21 | Institut für Solarenegerieforschung GmbH | Solar heating with photovoltaic-thermal collector |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2775015B2 (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-12-30 | Univ Burgos | HYBRID SOLAR PANEL |
| KR102296260B1 (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-09-01 | 극동에너지 주식회사 | Complex energy generation device using sunlight and solar heat |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4392008A (en) * | 1981-11-13 | 1983-07-05 | Monegon, Ltd. | Combined electrical and thermal solar collector |
| JP4161132B2 (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2008-10-08 | 株式会社ノーリツ | Solar power generation / heat collection laminated hybrid panel |
| CN100555676C (en) * | 2008-10-08 | 2009-10-28 | 大连理工大学 | Closed-loop capillary solar photovoltaic thermoelectric plate |
| US20120175082A1 (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2012-07-12 | Kmetovicz Ronald E | Solar heat pipe heat exchanger |
| CN101764167B (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2011-08-24 | 赵耀华 | High-efficient solar photovoltaic cell heat dissipating device and electricity and heat cogeneration system |
| CN102244133B (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2013-01-09 | 中国科学技术大学 | Heat pipe photovoltaic hot water composite system combined with thermoelectric plate |
-
2013
- 2013-01-15 AU AU2013100028A patent/AU2013100028B4/en not_active Ceased
- 2013-10-15 WO PCT/AU2013/001191 patent/WO2014075127A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202013008494U1 (en) | 2013-09-24 | 2013-11-21 | Institut für Solarenegerieforschung GmbH | Solar heating with photovoltaic-thermal collector |
| DE102014013614A1 (en) | 2013-09-24 | 2015-03-26 | Institut Für Solarenergieforschung Gmbh | Solar heating with photovoltaic-thermal collector |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2014075127A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
| AU2013100028B4 (en) | 2013-09-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMFD | Amendment of filing date |
Effective date: 20130115 |
|
| FGI | Letters patent sealed or granted (innovation patent) | ||
| FF | Certified innovation patent | ||
| MK22 | Patent ceased section 143a(d), or expired - non payment of renewal fee or expiry |