CN115926748B - Grinding fluid and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Grinding fluid and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115926748B CN115926748B CN202211647884.0A CN202211647884A CN115926748B CN 115926748 B CN115926748 B CN 115926748B CN 202211647884 A CN202211647884 A CN 202211647884A CN 115926748 B CN115926748 B CN 115926748B
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 39
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000565357 Fraxinus nigra Species 0.000 description 2
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021431 alpha silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021418 black silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses grinding fluid, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of metal surface treatment; the grinding fluid comprises grinding aid and silicon carbide, wherein the grinding aid comprises phosphoric acid and zinc nitrate; the mass ratio of the phosphoric acid to the zinc nitrate is 0.1-1:0.1-1. The invention provides a grinding fluid which is high in grinding efficiency and easy to clean. The invention also provides a preparation method and application of the grinding fluid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal surface treatment, and particularly relates to a grinding fluid and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The powder metallurgy is to mix the needed basic powder, alloy powder and additive, then fill the mixed powder into a die cavity with a required shape for compression molding, and sinter the molded green body in a protective atmosphere to form metallurgical bonding of various particles. The powder metallurgy iron-based structural component takes iron powder or alloy steel powder as a main raw material. The structural part manufactured by adopting the powder metallurgy process has good mechanical property, wear resistance, better machining property and heat resistance and corrosion resistance. Powder metallurgy iron-based parts are widely used in various fields.
Powder metallurgy iron-based structures typically require a grinding treatment of their surfaces during the manufacturing process to achieve good surface flatness and finish. Grinding is accomplished by complex relative movements of the grinding tool and the work surface under pressure. The grinding liquid (containing grinding material and auxiliary components) between the grinding tool and the workpiece has mechanical cutting action and physical and chemical actions respectively in the relative motion, so that the grinding material can cut off an extremely thin layer of material on the surface of the workpiece, thereby obtaining extremely high dimensional precision and extremely fine surface roughness. In the grinding process of the powder metallurgy iron-based structural member, the surface of the structural member is very wear-resistant, and the grinding efficiency is low under the action of conventional grinding liquid.
Therefore, development of a polishing liquid having high polishing efficiency is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides the grinding fluid, the preparation method and the application thereof, and the grinding fluid has high grinding efficiency and is easy to clean.
The second aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of the grinding fluid.
In a third aspect, the invention provides the use of the above-described abrasive liquid on the surface of a metal product.
According to the grinding fluid disclosed by the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the preparation raw materials comprise grinding aid and silicon carbide;
The grinding aid comprises phosphoric acid and zinc nitrate;
the mass ratio of the phosphoric acid to the zinc nitrate is 0.1-1:0.1-1.
The powder metallurgy grinding fluid has at least the following beneficial effects:
The grinding effect of the grinding fluid on powder metallurgy can be remarkably increased by using the combination of phosphoric acid and zinc nitrate, so that the grinding efficiency of the grinding fluid is improved. Only phosphoric acid or zinc nitrate is adopted independently, so that the grinding efficiency cannot be obviously improved, and the combination of phosphoric acid and zinc nitrate can effectively prevent the occurrence of rust return in powder metallurgy after grinding. The combination of phosphoric acid and zinc nitrate can form a layer of phosphating film on the surface of the powder metallurgy, so that the grinding difficulty is reduced, and the rust returning on the surface of the powder metallurgy can be prevented. Only when phosphoric acid and zinc ions exist in a certain proportion at the same time, a phosphating film can be produced, and the surface of the phosphating film cannot be produced due to the lack of one of the phosphoric acid and the zinc ions.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the grinding fluid further comprises pumice powder.
The pumice powder has the characteristics of being porous and light, so that powder ground on the surface of powder metallurgy and abrasive in grinding fluid in the grinding process can be adsorbed, and the problem that the powder and the abrasive are deposited on the surface of a substrate to cause subsequent cleaning difficulty is avoided.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the polishing slurry preparation raw material further comprises an anti-adhesion agent; the anti-sticking agent comprises at least one of agar powder and agarose.
The anti-adhesion agent can form a layer of invisible barrier layer on the surface of powder metallurgy, further reduces the re-adhesion of the powder ground on the surface of the powder metallurgy and the abrasive in the grinding fluid to the surface of a base material, and can obtain a clean surface by simply rinsing with water in the follow-up process.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the silicon carbide comprises cubic silicon carbide having a particle size of 6000 to 8000 mesh.
The cubic silicon carbide is also called beta-SiC, belongs to a cubic crystal system (diamond crystal form), and the equiaxed structural characteristics of the crystal determine that the beta-SiC has better natural sphericity and self-sharpening property than alpha-SiC (black silicon carbide and green silicon carbide), so that the beta-SiC has better grinding and polishing effects in the aspect of precise grinding.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the grinding fluid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2 to 2 parts of phosphoric acid, 0.2 to 2 parts of zinc nitrate and 5 to 20 parts of silicon carbide.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the grinding fluid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2 to 2 parts of phosphoric acid and 2 to 10 parts of pumice powder.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the grinding fluid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2 to 2 parts of phosphoric acid and 0.5 to 5 parts of anti-adhesion agent.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the grinding fluid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2 to 2 parts of phosphoric acid, 0.2 to 2 parts of zinc nitrate, 5 to 20 parts of silicon carbide, 2 to 10 parts of pumice powder and 0.5 to 5 parts of anti-adhesion agent.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the slurry is prepared from a feedstock that also includes water.
A method for preparing the polishing liquid according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention includes the steps of: mixing the silicon carbide and the grinding aid.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, in some embodiments of the present invention, a method of preparing a slurry comprises the steps of:
s1: mixing and dispersing the pumice powder, the anti-sticking agent and the silicon carbide to obtain a dispersion liquid;
s2: and (2) dissolving the grinding aid in water, mixing with the dispersion liquid in the step S1, and cooling.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in step S1, the temperature of the mixed dispersion is 90 to 100 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in step S1, the agitating mixing comprises agitating mixing.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in step S1, the stirring and mixing rate is 40-60 r/min.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in step S2, the mixing comprises stirring mixing.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in step S2, the stirring and mixing rate is 40-60 r/min.
Through stirring and dispersing the pumice powder, the anti-adhesion agent and the abrasive in advance, the anti-adhesion agent is fully dispersed, and gelatinous solid can be avoided, so that the stirring time is greatly saved.
Use of an abrasive liquid as described above in the surface treatment of a metal product according to an embodiment of the third aspect of the present invention.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the metal product comprises a powder metallurgy iron-based structure.
The powder metallurgy grinding fluid provided by the invention has high grinding efficiency, can effectively prevent rust return, and can obtain a clean surface only by simply rinsing with water in the follow-up process.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The conception and the technical effects produced by the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments below to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and that other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of the present invention based on the embodiments of the present invention. The test methods used in the examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the materials, reagents and the like used, unless otherwise specified, are those commercially available. If not specified, the same ingredients of each example and comparative example were purchased from the same manufacturer in the same batch; the corresponding parameters are the same as in example 1 unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a powder metallurgy grinding fluid, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5 parts of pumice powder, 2 parts of agar powder, 10 parts of cubic silicon carbide (6000 meshes), 81 parts of water, 1 part of phosphoric acid and 1 part of zinc nitrate.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a powder metallurgy grinding fluid, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, stirring and dispersing pumice powder, agar powder and cubic silicon carbide (6000#) in advance according to the weight parts in the embodiment 1, and uniformly mixing to obtain a dispersion liquid;
S2, preparing 81 parts of water, heating to 90 ℃, sequentially adding 1 part of phosphoric acid and 1 part of zinc nitrate, mixing, adding the dispersion liquid in the step S1, stirring at constant temperature for 30min, wherein the stirring speed is 40r/min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the powder metallurgy grinding liquid.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a powder metallurgy grinding fluid, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5 parts of pumice powder, 2 parts of agar powder, 10 parts of cubic silicon carbide (6000#), 81 parts of water, 0.5 part of phosphoric acid and 1.5 parts of zinc nitrate.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a powder metallurgy grinding fluid, which comprises the following specific steps:
S1, stirring and dispersing pumice powder, agar powder and cubic silicon carbide (6000#) in advance according to the weight parts in the embodiment 3, and uniformly mixing to obtain a dispersion liquid;
S2, preparing 81 parts of water, heating to 90 ℃, sequentially adding 1 part of phosphoric acid and 1 part of zinc nitrate, mixing, adding the dispersion liquid in the step S1, stirring at constant temperature for 30min, wherein the stirring speed is 40r/min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the powder metallurgy grinding liquid.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example a powder metallurgical slurry was prepared, and this comparative example differs from example 2 in that citric acid was used in place of phosphoric acid in example 1 by:
according to the weight portions, 5 portions of pumice powder, 2 portions of agar powder and 10 portions of cubic silicon carbide (6000#) are stirred and dispersed in advance, so that the pumice powder, the agar powder and the 10 portions are uniformly mixed. Then 81 parts of water is prepared, the water is heated to 90 ℃,1 part of citric acid and 1 part of zinc nitrate are sequentially added, and the powder which is uniformly mixed in advance is stirred for 20 minutes at constant temperature, so that the agar powder is thoroughly dissolved. Naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the powder metallurgy grinding fluid.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example a powder metallurgical slurry was prepared, the difference between this comparative example and example 2 being that sodium nitrate was used in place of zinc nitrate in example 1, in the following steps:
According to the weight portions, 5 portions of pumice powder, 2 portions of agar powder and 10 portions of cubic silicon carbide (6000#) are stirred and dispersed in advance, so that the pumice powder, the agar powder and the 10 portions are uniformly mixed. Then 81 parts of water is prepared, the water is heated to 90 ℃,1 part of phosphoric acid and 1 part of sodium nitrate are sequentially added, and the powder which is uniformly mixed in advance is stirred for 20 minutes at constant temperature, so that the agar powder is thoroughly dissolved. Naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the powder metallurgy grinding fluid.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example was prepared as a powder metallurgy grinding fluid, and the comparative example and example 2 are different in that no pumice powder was added, and the specific process is as follows:
According to the weight parts, 2 parts of agar powder and 10 parts of cubic silicon carbide (6000#) are stirred and dispersed in advance, so that the agar powder and the cubic silicon carbide are uniformly mixed. Then 81 parts of water is prepared, the water is heated to 90 ℃,1 part of phosphoric acid and 1 part of zinc nitrate are sequentially added, and the powder which is uniformly mixed in advance is stirred for 20 minutes at constant temperature, so that the agar powder is thoroughly dissolved. Naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the powder metallurgy grinding fluid.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example was prepared as a powder metallurgy grinding fluid, and the comparative example and example 2 are different in that no agar powder was added, and the specific process is as follows:
5 parts of pumice powder and 10 parts of cubic silicon carbide (6000#) are stirred and dispersed in advance according to parts by weight, so that the pumice powder and the cubic silicon carbide are uniformly mixed. Then 81 parts of water is prepared, the mixture is heated to 90 ℃,1 part of phosphoric acid and 1 part of zinc nitrate are sequentially added, and the powder which is uniformly mixed in advance is stirred for 20 minutes at constant temperature. Naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the powder metallurgy grinding fluid.
Comparative example 5
The comparative example is a powder metallurgy grinding fluid, and the difference between the comparative example and the example 2 is that 0.05 part of phosphoric acid and 1 part of zinc nitrate are prepared by the following specific processes:
5 parts of pumice powder and 10 parts of cubic silicon carbide (6000#) are stirred and dispersed in advance according to parts by weight, so that the pumice powder and the cubic silicon carbide are uniformly mixed. Then, 81 parts of water was prepared, heated to 90℃and added with 0.05 part of phosphoric acid and 1 part of zinc nitrate in this order, and the powder was previously mixed as above, followed by stirring at constant temperature for 20 minutes. Naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the powder metallurgy grinding fluid.
Comparative example 6
The comparative example is a powder metallurgy grinding fluid, and the difference between the comparative example and the example 2 is 1 part of phosphoric acid and 0.05 part of zinc nitrate, and the specific process is as follows:
5 parts of pumice powder and 10 parts of cubic silicon carbide (6000#) are stirred and dispersed in advance according to parts by weight, so that the pumice powder and the cubic silicon carbide are uniformly mixed. Then 81 parts of water is prepared, the mixture is heated to 90 ℃, 1 part of phosphoric acid and 0.05 part of zinc nitrate are added in sequence, and the powder which is uniformly mixed in advance is stirred for 20 minutes at constant temperature. Naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the powder metallurgy grinding fluid.
Test example 1
The effect of the powder metallurgy grinding fluids obtained in examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 4 was tested in this test example, and the specific test method is as follows:
Grinding 10 powder metallurgy workpieces by a plane grinder, wherein the grinding time is 12min, the pressure is 20kg, the rotating speed is 50r/min, grinding liquid adopted in the grinding process is respectively from examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-6, the ground powder metallurgy workpieces are naturally drained after being rinsed for 2 times by pure water, and whether rust points appear on the surfaces of the workpieces is observed. After the surface is completely dried, wiping the surface with pure white cotton cloth, and observing whether black ash exists on the pure white cotton cloth. The wiped workpiece was tested for reduced thickness and roughness with a height gauge and a surface roughness meter, respectively, and the average was taken and the results of the relevant tests are shown in table 1:
Table 1 test results
As can be seen from the data of examples 1 and 2 in Table 1, the powder metallurgy grinding fluid has the advantages of strong cutting force and high grinding efficiency, can effectively prevent the occurrence of rust return in powder metallurgy, and has no ash layer on the surface after the grinding workpiece is rinsed by pure water. Comparative example 1 and comparative examples 1, 2,5, and 6 show that the combination of phosphoric acid and zinc nitrate not only effectively prevents the occurrence of back rust in powder metallurgy, but also significantly enhances the grinding efficiency of the grinding fluid. From comparative example 1 and comparative examples 3 and 4, it is understood that pumice powder and agar powder act synergistically to prevent the powder ground from the surface of powder metallurgy and the abrasive in the grinding liquid from re-adhering to the surface of the substrate, and thus to prevent the surface from adhering to black ash.
The foregoing description is only of specific embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Insubstantial changes in certain process technologies, or substitutions of related technologies, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields are all within the scope of the protection claimed in this application where insubstantial changes made by the present invention are deduced under the teachings of the concepts and embodiments described in this application.
Claims (3)
1. The grinding fluid is characterized in that the raw materials for preparing the grinding fluid comprise grinding aid, silicon carbide, pumice powder, anti-adhesion agent and water;
The grinding aid comprises phosphoric acid and zinc nitrate;
The mass ratio of the phosphoric acid to the zinc nitrate is 0.1-1:0.1-1;
The anti-sticking agent comprises, by weight, 0.2-2 parts of phosphoric acid, 0.2-2 parts of zinc nitrate, 5-20 parts of silicon carbide, 2-10 parts of pumice powder and 0.5-5 parts of anti-sticking agent;
The anti-sticking agent comprises at least one of agar powder and agarose.
2. The polishing slurry of claim 1, wherein the silicon carbide comprises cubic silicon carbide having a particle size of 6000 to 8000 mesh.
3. Use of the polishing slurry according to claim 1 or 2 in the surface treatment of metal products.
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| CN107695626A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-02-16 | 苏州宝新无缝钢管有限公司 | A kind of construction technology of high-strength seamless steel pipe and products thereof and application |
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| US4170634A (en) * | 1975-01-28 | 1979-10-09 | Colgate Palmolive Company | Modified abrasive system for dentifrices |
| US20050211950A1 (en) * | 2004-03-24 | 2005-09-29 | Cabot Microelectronics Corporation | Chemical-mechanical polishing composition and method for using the same |
| CN101654599A (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2010-02-24 | 江苏海迅实业集团股份有限公司 | Chemical mechanical polishing composite of stainless steel surface polishing |
| JP5533889B2 (en) * | 2010-02-15 | 2014-06-25 | 日立化成株式会社 | CMP polishing liquid and polishing method |
| CN103102811B (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2014-07-09 | 上海森博新材料科技有限公司 | Mechanical grinding solution and metal surface treatment method adopting grinding solution |
| JP6569191B2 (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2019-09-04 | 日立化成株式会社 | Abrasive, abrasive set, and substrate polishing method |
| CN110423997B (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2021-05-25 | 湖南工学院 | Phosphating solution doped with nano silicon carbide particles or hydroxyapatite particles and phosphating treatment method of magnesium or magnesium alloy |
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| CN107695626A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-02-16 | 苏州宝新无缝钢管有限公司 | A kind of construction technology of high-strength seamless steel pipe and products thereof and application |
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