CN115926107A - 制备固体聚氨酯固化剂的方法 - Google Patents

制备固体聚氨酯固化剂的方法 Download PDF

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CN115926107A
CN115926107A CN202211230229.5A CN202211230229A CN115926107A CN 115926107 A CN115926107 A CN 115926107A CN 202211230229 A CN202211230229 A CN 202211230229A CN 115926107 A CN115926107 A CN 115926107A
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diisocyanate
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E·斯皮鲁
A·亨施克
E·戈兰
N·弗雷斯曼
J·舒勒
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Evonik Operations GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及制备固体聚氨酯固化剂的方法。本发明涉及制备基于(环)脂族多异氰酸酯的、固体的、内外封端的聚氨酯固化剂的方法,其中,在步骤a)至d)的顺序中,a)将i)至少一种内封端的(环)脂族多异氰酸酯和ii)至少一种内酰胺和/或至少一种脂族醇溶解在溶剂中以产生反应混合物,b)将所述反应混合物加热并反应,c)将所述反应的反应混合物冷却直到产物沉淀,和d)将液体溶剂和任选未反应的溶解的反应物和沉淀的产物相互机械分离。

Description

制备固体聚氨酯固化剂的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及制备基于(环)脂族多异氰酸酯的、固体的、内外封端的聚氨酯固化剂的方法,所述固化剂可用于固化粉末涂料。
背景技术
固体的、内外封端的聚氨酯固化剂是用于可热交联聚氨酯(PU)粉末涂料组合物的有价值的交联剂。为了获得良好的外部气候稳定性并避免成品粉末涂料变色和分解,通常要避免反应物中和因此所用的多异氰酸酯和其它反应性成分中的芳族组分。相应的聚氨酯固化剂在标准条件下(STP = 0℃和1 bar)优选为固体形式。
当制备相应的内封端聚氨酯固化剂时,首先使一种或多种多异氰酸酯至少部分地与其自身可逆地反应(例如形成脲二酮)或不可逆地反应(例如形成异氰脲酸酯)。随后,在外封端的情况下,使获得的内封端多异氰酸酯至少部分地与H-酸性化合物可逆或不可逆地反应。例如,用酸、醇、胺或内酰胺的外封端在现有技术中是常见的。如今发现的根据本发明的方法可用于特别好地基于部分可逆或不可逆地与其自身反应的(环)脂族多异氰酸酯制备聚氨酯固化剂,然后与选自至少一种内酰胺和/或至少一种脂族醇的H-酸性化合物反应。
EP 0 023 626 A1公开了制备封端异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯加合物的方法,其中三聚异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与ε-己内酰胺以纯物质形式或在溶剂存在下反应。
DE 27 12 931 A1描述了优选用ε-己内酰胺封端且含有异氰脲酸酯基团的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的制备。所述异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚得到异氰脲酸酯可以以纯物质形式或在惰性有机溶剂中进行。在此将未反应的异氰酸酯(与任选存在的溶剂一起)通过薄膜蒸馏与形成的异氰脲酸酯分离。将所述获得的异氰脲酸酯随后进行外封端。该反应也可以以纯物质形式或在合适的惰性溶剂存在下进行。
EP 0 639 598 A1和EP 0 720 994 A2公开了制备含有脲二酮基团的加聚化合物的方法,其中使具有脲二酮基团的多异氰酸酯、任选其它二异氰酸酯、二醇或具有酯基团和/或碳酸酯基团的二醇以及任选其它的对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的单官能化合物反应。所述反应可以在对异氰酸酯基团呈惰性的合适溶剂中进行。合适的溶剂包括乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙二醇单甲基或单乙基醚乙酸酯、1-甲氧基-2-丙基乙酸酯、2-丁酮、4-甲基-2-戊酮、环己酮、甲苯或其混合物,和溶剂诸如丙二醇二乙酸酯、二乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇乙基和丁基醚乙酸酯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和N-甲基己内酰胺及其混合物。反应完成后,必须通过合适的方法,例如通过抽吸、喷雾干燥或在脱挥发螺杆中的熔体挤出,从工艺产物中分离出任选一起使用的溶剂。
EP 0 669 353 A1描述了制备含羟基和脲二酮基团的加聚产物的方法,其中使脲二酮-异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和二醇和/或扩链剂在无溶剂的情况下在强力捏合机中或在溶剂存在下彼此反应。合适的溶剂包括苯、甲苯、其它芳族或脂族烃、乙酸酯、酮、氯化芳族或脂族烃或其它惰性溶剂。反应后,例如使用脱挥发螺杆、薄膜挤出机或喷雾干燥器除去溶剂。
DE 103 47 902 A1公开了制备含脲二酮基团的加聚化合物的方法,其中使含脲二酮基团的多异氰酸酯组分与十二烷-1,12-二醇和任选其它的具有至少一个羟基的化合物反应。该反应可以在无溶剂的情况下在强力捏合机中或在溶剂中进行。合适的溶剂是苯、甲苯、其它芳族或脂族烃、乙酸酯、酮、氯化芳族或脂族烃或其它惰性溶剂。反应后,例如使用脱挥发螺杆、薄膜挤出机或喷雾干燥器除去溶剂。
用于制备聚氨酯固化剂的无溶剂方法必须在相对高的温度下进行,以便可以加工所用的物质。这些方法的共同点是,并非所有粉末涂料固化剂都可以用它们制备,因为反应物的熔点和软化点太高,它们的反应性不足,或反应物或生成的固化剂热不稳定。
提到的使用溶剂的方法也有缺点,因为在使用制备的聚氨酯固化剂之前,必须基本上通过蒸馏方式分离出溶剂。它们的不利之处在于其消耗能量和时间,这导致额外的热应力。此外,从溶液中除去溶剂的相应方法是复杂的。
US 5,777,061 A公开了含氟多异氰酸酯用三唑封端。该产物从乙酸乙酯中沉淀。然而,所述含氟多异氰酸酯并非市购可得,必须首先由例如六亚甲基1,6-二异氰酸酯和全氟化聚环氧丙烷复杂地制备。因此,所述文件中公开的方法是不利的,因为它太复杂。
US 2001/0039325 A1公开了六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体用环羟基化芳族化合物封端。该产物从Solvesso 100中沉淀。由于吸收阳光造成的羟基芳族组分分解,所获得的封端多异氰酸酯不是外部气候稳定的。因此,所述文件中公开的方法同样是不利的,因为它没有产生适用于所有应用目的的固化剂。
EP 0 071 898 A1尤其公开了4,4'-二苯基甲烷脲二酮二异氰酸酯与丁-1,4-二醇的反应。该产物从甲苯中沉淀。然而,所用MDI二聚体的苯环由于其芳香性导致紫外线稳定性差。因此,所述文件中公开的方法是不利的,因为它没有产生适用于所有应用目的的固化剂。
因此,本发明的目的是避免所提及的缺点。
发明内容
本发明的主题是制备基于(环)脂族多异氰酸酯的、固体的、内外封端的聚氨酯固化剂的方法,其中,在步骤a)至d)的顺序中,
a) 将i) 至少一种内封端的(环)脂族多异氰酸酯和
ii) 至少一种内酰胺和/或至少一种脂族醇溶解在溶剂中以产生反应混合物,
b) 将所述反应混合物加热并反应,
c) 将所述反应的反应混合物冷却直到产物沉淀,和
d) 将液体溶剂和任选未反应的溶解的反应物和沉淀的产物相互机械分离。
根据本发明的制备基于(环)脂族多异氰酸酯的、固体的、内外封端的聚氨酯固化剂的方法优选涉及在标准条件下(STP=0℃和1 bar)为固体形式的聚氨酯固化剂。术语“聚氨酯固化剂”对本领域技术人员来说是清楚的。优选地,所述内封端的多异氰酸酯是脲二酮或异氰脲酸酯。
所述反应物首先溶解在溶剂中以产生反应混合物。所述溶剂优选是要制备的聚氨酯固化剂难溶于其中的溶剂。当所述溶剂选自醚时,获得特别好的结果。这些包括开链醚和环醚。甚至更优选地,所述醚是通式(I)的二烷基醚
CnH2n+1-O-CmH2m+1,                              (I)
其中1 ≤ n ≤ 10且1 ≤ m ≤ 10。使用二烷基醚的相应方法的优点在于反应物易溶于其中,但所得产物难溶于其中。因此,使用机械分离法分离后,可以获得特别好的收率。所述醚非常特别优选地选自二异丙基醚和甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)。
所用的反应物是至少一种内封端(环)脂族多异氰酸酯和至少一种内酰胺和/或至少一种脂族醇。优选地,所述内封端的(环)脂族多异氰酸酯是多异氰酸酯的脲二酮或异氰脲酸酯。
在本发明的上下文中,(环)脂族多异氰酸酯是仅具有脂族和/或环状键合的异氰酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯。优选的内封端(环)脂族多异氰酸酯可选自如下脂族多异氰酸酯的相应内封端多异氰酸酯:四亚甲基1,4-二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基1,6-二异氰酸酯、八亚甲基1,8-二异氰酸酯、十亚甲基1,10-二异氰酸酯、十二亚甲基1,12-二异氰酸酯、十四亚甲基1,14-二异氰酸酯、1,5-二异氰酸根合戊烷、新戊烷二异氰酸酯、赖氨酸二异氰酸酯衍生物、四甲基苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯(TMXDI)、2,4,4-三甲基己烷二异氰酸酯、2,2,4-三甲基己烷二异氰酸酯、四甲基己烷二异氰酸酯和3(4)-8(9)-双(异氰酸根合甲基)三环[5.2.1.02,6]癸烷异构体混合物,以及如下环脂族二异氰酸酯的相应内封端多异氰酸酯:1,4-二异氰酸根合环己烷、1,3-二异氰酸根合环己烷、1,2-二异氰酸根合环己烷、4,4'-二(异氰酸根合环己基)甲烷、2,4'-二(异氰酸根合环己基)甲烷、3-异氰酸根合甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基异氰酸酯(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,IPDI)、1,3-双(异氰酸根合甲基)环己烷、1,4-双(异氰酸根合甲基)环己烷、2,4-二异氰酸根合-1-甲基环己烷和2,6-二异氰酸根合-1-甲基环己烷。
所述内封端(环)脂族多异氰酸酯进一步优选选自四亚甲基1,4-二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基1,6-二异氰酸酯、八亚甲基1,8-二异氰酸酯、十亚甲基1,10-二异氰酸酯、十二亚甲基1,12-二异氰酸酯、十四亚甲基1,14-二异氰酸酯、1,5-二异氰酸根合戊烷、新戊烷二异氰酸酯、赖氨酸二异氰酸酯衍生物、2,4,4-三甲基己烷二异氰酸酯、2,2,4-三甲基己烷二异氰酸酯、四甲基己烷二异氰酸酯、1,4-二异氰酸根合环己烷、1,3-二异氰酸根合环己烷、1,2-二异氰酸根合环己烷、4,4'-二(异氰酸根合环己基)甲烷、2,4'-二(异氰酸根合环己基)甲烷、3-异氰酸根合甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基异氰酸酯(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,IPDI)、1,3-双(异氰酸根合甲基)环己烷、1,4-双(异氰酸根合甲基)环己烷、2,4-二异氰酸根合-1-甲基环己烷和2,6-二异氰酸根合-1-甲基环己烷的封端多异氰酸酯。
优选地,所用的多异氰酸酯是内封端的环脂族多异氰酸酯。该环脂族异氰酸酯具有至少一个环状键合的异氰酸酯基团。进一步优选的内封端环脂族多异氰酸酯可以选自1,4-二异氰酸根合环己烷、1,3-二异氰酸根合环己烷、1,2-二异氰酸根合环戊烷、4,4'-二(异氰酸根合环己基)甲烷、2,4'-二(异氰酸根合环己基)甲烷、3-异氰酸根合甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基异氰酸酯(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,IPDI)、1,3-双(异氰酸根合甲基)环己烷、1,4-双(异氰酸根合甲基)环己烷、2,4-二异氰酸根合-1-甲基环己烷和2,6-二异氰酸根合-1-甲基环己烷。
甚至更优选地,所用的多异氰酸酯是具有至少一个环状和至少一个非环状脂族键合的异氰酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯的内封端多异氰酸酯。非常特别优选的封端多异氰酸酯是内封端异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯。特别优选地,使用脲二酮-异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯或基于异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的具有异氰脲酸酯结构的多异氰酸酯。
此外,优选使用i)含异氰脲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯和内酰胺(参见实施例1)或ii)含脲二酮基团的多异氰酸酯和醇(参见实施例2)。
如果在根据本发明的方法中使用内酰胺,原则上可以使用现有技术中已知的所有内酰胺。如果在根据本发明的方法中使用脂族醇,原则上可以使用现有技术中已知的各种脂族醇。
然而,如果内酰胺和/或脂族醇选自如下物质,则产生可特别容易沉淀的聚氨酯固化剂:ε-己内酰胺、乙二醇、丙-1,2-二醇、丁二醇(优选丁-1,4-二醇)、戊二醇(优选戊-1,5-二醇)、己二醇(优选己-1,6-二醇)、庚二醇(优选庚-1,7-二醇)、辛二醇(优选辛-1,8-二醇)、壬二醇(优选壬-1,9-二醇)、癸二醇(优选癸-1,10-二醇)、十一烷二醇(优选十一烷-1,11-二醇)、十二烷二醇(优选十二烷-1,12-二醇)、三羟甲基丙烷,以及上述二醇(乙二醇、丙-1,2-二醇、丁二醇、戊二醇、己二醇、庚二醇、辛二醇、壬二醇、癸二醇、十一烷二醇、十二烷二醇)与具有4至12个碳原子的二羧酸(特别是丁二酸、马来酸、富马酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十一碳二酸和十二碳二酸)的OH封端低聚酯。
步骤a)通常在室温(RT,20℃)至30℃的温度下进行。优选地,在步骤a)中,首先加入溶剂,然后添加多异氰酸酯,随后加入内酰胺和/或醇。
也可添加催化剂。原则上,可以使用聚氨酯化学中常规的所有催化剂。优选可用的催化剂是DBTL。
在步骤a)中,通常还没有反应或只有很少反应。因此,所获得的反应混合物在步骤b)中加热和反应。所述加热优选在35至90℃的温度下,更优选在40至75℃的温度下进行。然后,该反应优选进行一小时至两天的时间。任选地,可以在一定时间后(通常在约4至12小时后)停止该加热,并且该反应可以在没有加热的情况下例如通过搅拌继续。
反应结束后,在步骤c)中冷却所述反应的反应混合物,直到产物沉淀。在此优选使所述反应的反应混合物达到室温。然而,原则上,也可以通过用冰或类似物进一步冷却达到低于室温的温度,或通过较小程度的冷却达到略高于室温的温度。
然后在步骤d)中,将液体溶剂和任选未反应的溶解的反应物和沉淀的产物相互机械分离。由此除去所述溶剂的大部分,优选至少95重量%,进一步优选至少98重量%的所用溶剂。滗析、过滤(包括抽滤)和离心是优选的机械分离方法。因此优选通过滗析、过滤或离心将液体溶剂和任选未反应的溶解的反应物和沉淀的产物彼此分开。然后,可以使用常规方法(在升高的温度下,优选在60-130℃,进一步优选在90-110℃下热处理)将所得的产物脱除残留的溶剂。
根据本发明的方法可以进一步优选地还具有最多两个进一步的步骤e)和/或f),其中e) 将所述沉淀的产物脱除粘附的溶剂,和/或f) 将所述液体溶剂和任选未反应的溶解的反应物再循环。
具体实施方式
实施例:
实施例1:
从二异丙基醚中沉淀含异氰脲酸酯的聚氨酯固化剂
将170.5 g Vestanat T 1890 (Evonik Industries AG)在24℃下溶解在1000 g二异丙基醚中(约30分钟的时间)。产生澄清溶液。同样在24℃下将79.5 g的ε-己内酰胺加入到该溶液中(约30分钟的时间)。在24℃下,不可察觉放热反应。加热至70℃。
a) 在70℃下约1.5小时后产生浑浊。
b) 在70℃下约5小时和RT下16小时(在无搅拌下过夜)后,产生高粘性沉积物。
c) 在70℃下约10小时和RT下32小时后,沉淀出固体。
为了后处理,从方案c)中获得的固体中滗析出溶剂。将所述产物在100℃下热处理约5小时以完全除去溶剂。
收率: 约80%
分析: 游离NCO: < 0.5%
GC(溶剂): 0.7%。
实施例2:
从MTBE中沉淀含脲二酮的聚氨酯固化剂
144.4 g的Vestanat BF 3780 (Evonik Industries AG, 游离NCO:17.5%)在30℃下在约1小时内溶解于578 g的MTBE中。产生澄清溶液。然后添加0.02 g的DBTL。随后,在45分钟内滴加由55.6 g低聚酯(由戊二醇和己二酸(2:1)通过在180℃下缩聚并通过蒸馏分离出生成的水制备;OH值709)在222 g MTBE中组成的溶液。在30℃下,不可察觉放热反应。加热至45℃。
a) 在45℃下1小时后可察觉轻微浑浊。
b) 在45℃下约3小时和RT下16小时(过夜)后,在没有搅拌的情况下出现相生成。
c) 在45℃下约5小时和RT下16小时后,可观察到严重浑浊(游离NCO:0.12%(在100浓度下为0.6%))。
d) 在45℃下约8小时和RT下(过夜)后,在没有搅拌的情况下出现相生成:两个相均浑浊,下方相(产物)粘稠。
为了后处理,从方案d)中获得的粘稠产物中滗析出上方溶剂相。随后将所述产物相在100℃下热处理约3小时以完全除去溶剂。
收率:约80%
分析: 游离NCO: 理论0% 实际0%
总NCO: 理论12.3% 实际12.1%
GC(溶剂): < 0.3%。

Claims (15)

1.制备基于(环)脂族多异氰酸酯的、固体的、内外封端的聚氨酯固化剂的方法,其中,在步骤a)至d)的顺序中,
a) 将i) 至少一种内封端的(环)脂族多异氰酸酯和
ii) 至少一种内酰胺和/或至少一种脂族醇溶解在溶剂中以产生反应混合物,
b) 将所述反应混合物加热并反应,
c) 将所述反应的反应混合物冷却直到产物沉淀,和
d) 将液体溶剂和任选未反应的溶解的反应物和沉淀的产物相互机械分离。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:所述溶剂选自醚。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其特征在于:所述醚是通式(I)的二烷基醚
CnH2n+1-O-CmH2m+1,    (I)
其中1 ≤ n ≤ 10且1 ≤ m ≤ 10。
4.根据权利要求3的方法,其特征在于:所述醚选自二异丙基醚和甲基叔丁基醚。
5.根据前述权利要求任一项的方法,其特征在于:所述内封端的(环)脂族多异氰酸酯是脲二酮或异氰脲酸酯。
6.根据前述权利要求任一项的方法,其特征在于:所述内封端的(环)脂族多异氰酸酯选自四亚甲基1,4-二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基1,6-二异氰酸酯、八亚甲基1,8-二异氰酸酯、十亚甲基1,10-二异氰酸酯、十二亚甲基1,12-二异氰酸酯、十四亚甲基1,14-二异氰酸酯、1,5-二异氰酸根合戊烷、新戊烷二异氰酸酯、赖氨酸二异氰酸酯衍生物、四甲基苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯(TMXDI)、2,4,4-三甲基己烷二异氰酸酯、2,2,4-三甲基己烷二异氰酸酯、四甲基己烷二异氰酸酯、3(4)-8(9)-双(异氰酸根合甲基)三环[5.2.1.02,6]癸烷异构体混合物、1,4-二异氰酸根合环己烷、1,3-二异氰酸根合环己烷、1,2-二异氰酸根合环己烷、4,4'-二(异氰酸根合环己基)甲烷、2,4'-二(异氰酸根合环己基)甲烷、3-异氰酸根合甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基异氰酸酯(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,IPDI)、1,3-双(异氰酸根合甲基)环己烷、1,4-双(异氰酸根合甲基)环己烷、2,4-二异氰酸根合-1-甲基环己烷和2,6-二异氰酸根合-1-甲基环己烷的内封端多异氰酸酯。
7.根据前述权利要求任一项的方法,其特征在于:所述内封端的(环)脂族多异氰酸酯是内封端的环脂族多异氰酸酯。
8.根据权利要求7的方法,其特征在于:所用的多异氰酸酯是具有至少一个环状和至少一个非环状脂族键合的异氰酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯的内封端多异氰酸酯。
9.根据权利要求8的方法,其特征在于:所用的多异氰酸酯是异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的内封端多异氰酸酯。
10.根据前述权利要求任一项的方法,其特征在于:所述反应物是
i) 含异氰脲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯和内酰胺或
ii) 含脲二酮基团的多异氰酸酯和醇。
11.根据前述权利要求任一项的方法,其特征在于:所述内酰胺和/或醇选自ε-己内酰胺、乙二醇、丙-1,2-二醇、丁二醇、戊二醇、己二醇、庚二醇、辛二醇、壬二醇、癸二醇、十一烷二醇、十二烷二醇、三羟甲基丙烷,和上述二醇与具有4至12个碳原子的二羧酸的OH封端低聚酯。
12.根据前述权利要求任一项的方法,其特征在于:加热后在步骤b)中的反应混合物具有35至90℃的温度。
13.根据前述权利要求任一项的方法,其特征在于:步骤b)中的反应进行一小时至两天的时间。
14.根据前述权利要求任一项的方法,其特征在于:在步骤d)中通过滗析、过滤或离心将液体溶剂和任选未反应的溶解的反应物和沉淀的产物彼此分开。
15.根据前述权利要求任一项的方法,其特征在于:在最多两个进一步的步骤e)和/或f)中,
e) 将沉淀的产物脱除粘附的溶剂和/或
f) 将所述液体溶剂和任选未反应的溶解的反应物再循环。
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KR101250703B1 (ko) * 2004-09-03 2013-04-03 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 차단된 이소시아네이트 및 코팅 조성물에서의 이들의 용도
MY148143A (en) * 2006-03-03 2013-03-15 Indspec Chemical Corp Resorcinol-blocked isocyanate compositions and their applications

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