CN1159108A - 用在异步传输模式信元传送信息的加密和解密器件 - Google Patents
用在异步传输模式信元传送信息的加密和解密器件 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1159108A CN1159108A CN96121571.2A CN96121571A CN1159108A CN 1159108 A CN1159108 A CN 1159108A CN 96121571 A CN96121571 A CN 96121571A CN 1159108 A CN1159108 A CN 1159108A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pseudo
- sequence
- cell
- random sequence
- network
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 102100029462 Sodium-dependent lysophosphatidylcholine symporter 1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 13
- 101710185583 Sodium-dependent lysophosphatidylcholine symporter 1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 13
- 102100032960 C2 calcium-dependent domain-containing protein 4A Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 101000867965 Homo sapiens C2 calcium-dependent domain-containing protein 4A Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 102100032958 C2 calcium-dependent domain-containing protein 4B Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 101000867964 Homo sapiens C2 calcium-dependent domain-containing protein 4B Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 SD2 Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 34
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 101000914067 Nicotiana tabacum Floricaula/leafy homolog 1 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101001139126 Homo sapiens Krueppel-like factor 6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000914042 Nicotiana tabacum Floricaula/leafy homolog 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000205 computational method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0819—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)
- H04L9/083—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s) involving central third party, e.g. key distribution center [KDC] or trusted third party [TTP]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/14—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using a plurality of keys or algorithms
- H04L9/16—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using a plurality of keys or algorithms the keys or algorithms being changed during operation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/04—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing
- H04Q11/0428—Integrated services digital network, i.e. systems for transmission of different types of digitised signals, e.g. speech, data, telecentral, television signals
- H04Q11/0478—Provisions for broadband connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5603—Access techniques
- H04L2012/5609—Topology
- H04L2012/561—Star, e.g. cross-connect, concentrator, subscriber group equipment, remote electronics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5672—Multiplexing, e.g. coding, scrambling
- H04L2012/5673—Coding or scrambling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5687—Security aspects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
- H04L2209/12—Details relating to cryptographic hardware or logic circuitry
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
- H04L2209/60—Digital content management, e.g. content distribution
- H04L2209/601—Broadcast encryption
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
- Storage Device Security (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
- Communication Control (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9514988A FR2742616B1 (fr) | 1995-12-18 | 1995-12-18 | Dispositif de chiffrement et dispositif de dechiffrement d'informations transportees par des cellules a mode de transfert asynchrone |
| FR9514988 | 1995-12-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1159108A true CN1159108A (zh) | 1997-09-10 |
Family
ID=9485601
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96121571.2A Pending CN1159108A (zh) | 1995-12-18 | 1996-12-18 | 用在异步传输模式信元传送信息的加密和解密器件 |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5920627A (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP0781069B1 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JPH09205420A (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR970056186A (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN1159108A (https=) |
| AT (1) | ATE281052T1 (https=) |
| AU (1) | AU721608B2 (https=) |
| CA (1) | CA2193249A1 (https=) |
| DE (1) | DE69633709T2 (https=) |
| ES (1) | ES2227574T3 (https=) |
| FR (1) | FR2742616B1 (https=) |
| TW (1) | TW390081B (https=) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1303529C (zh) * | 2000-02-08 | 2007-03-07 | 国际商业机器公司 | 利用伪随机数二进制序列程序互锁来防止窜改 |
| US7222364B2 (en) | 2000-09-04 | 2007-05-22 | Pioneer Corporation | Information sending method and information sending apparatus, information receiving apparatus and information receiving method, information transmission system and information transmission method, and information recording medium |
| CN100379270C (zh) * | 2003-05-20 | 2008-04-02 | 三星电子株式会社 | 广播通信集合系统中用于加扰的数字广播数据流的加扰释放装置 |
| CN100440775C (zh) * | 2002-10-31 | 2008-12-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种加密通讯方法和装置 |
| CN101326756B (zh) * | 2005-12-08 | 2011-05-04 | 韩国电子通信研究院 | 以太网无源光网络中控制安全信道的方法和设备 |
| CN101072094B (zh) * | 2006-05-14 | 2011-10-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种pon系统中密钥协商的方法和系统 |
| CN102684786A (zh) * | 2012-05-07 | 2012-09-19 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | 基于可见光通信的加密方法和系统 |
| US9768958B2 (en) | 2012-05-07 | 2017-09-19 | Kuang-Chi Innovative Technology Ltd. | Visible-light communication-based encryption, decryption and encryption/decryption method and system |
| CN112150672A (zh) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-29 | 南京莱斯网信技术研究院有限公司 | 一种自动判定门锁异常状态的智能门锁系统 |
Families Citing this family (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9522639D0 (en) * | 1995-11-04 | 1996-01-03 | Plessey Telecomm | Encryption key management |
| US6223285B1 (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 2001-04-24 | Sony Corporation Of Japan | Method and system for transferring information using an encryption mode indicator |
| JP4056018B2 (ja) * | 1998-01-23 | 2008-03-05 | 株式会社東芝 | ポイント・マルチポイント通信システム |
| JP3097655B2 (ja) * | 1998-05-11 | 2000-10-10 | 日本電気株式会社 | データ伝送方式 |
| RU2140714C1 (ru) * | 1999-01-18 | 1999-10-27 | Государственное унитарное предприятие Специализированный центр программных систем "Спектр" | Способ итеративного шифрования блоков данных |
| JP4201430B2 (ja) | 1999-04-16 | 2008-12-24 | 富士通株式会社 | 光加入者線終端装置 |
| GB2352141B (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2003-10-29 | Virata Ltd | Session protection system |
| US7301968B2 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2007-11-27 | Pmc-Sierra Israel Ltd. | Communication protocol for passive optical network topologies |
| KR100523357B1 (ko) * | 2003-07-09 | 2005-10-25 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 이더넷 기반 수동형 광네트워크의 보안서비스 제공을 위한키관리 장치 및 방법 |
| JPWO2006018952A1 (ja) | 2004-08-20 | 2008-05-08 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 多モード光伝送装置 |
| US8180052B2 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2012-05-15 | Panasonic Corporation | Data communication apparatus |
| EP1804408A1 (en) | 2004-10-06 | 2007-07-04 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Data communication system |
| US8189787B2 (en) | 2005-10-17 | 2012-05-29 | Panasonic Corporation | Data transmitting apparatus, data receiving apparatus and data communication apparatus |
| US7801300B2 (en) | 2006-01-11 | 2010-09-21 | Panasonic Corporation | Data transmitter and data receiver |
| US7912215B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2011-03-22 | Panasonic Corporation | Data transmission apparatus, data receiving apparatus and method executed thereof |
| US7835524B2 (en) | 2006-02-08 | 2010-11-16 | Panasonic Corporation | Encrypting of communications using a transmitting/receiving apparatus via key information based on a multi-level code signal and a pseudo-random number sequence for modulation with an information signal |
| KR100782847B1 (ko) | 2006-02-15 | 2007-12-06 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 복수의 컨텐트 부분들을 포함하는 컨텐트를 임포트하는방법 및 장치 |
| US8978154B2 (en) | 2006-02-15 | 2015-03-10 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for importing content having plurality of parts |
| JP5052256B2 (ja) | 2006-08-30 | 2012-10-17 | パナソニック株式会社 | データ通信装置及びデータ通信方法 |
| CN101304309B (zh) * | 2007-05-10 | 2011-05-11 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 一种gpon系统的密钥管理方法 |
| JP4573888B2 (ja) * | 2008-08-18 | 2010-11-04 | 富士通株式会社 | 光加入者線端局装置 |
| KR101133256B1 (ko) * | 2009-02-27 | 2012-04-09 | 한국과학기술원 | 시그니처 정보를 이용한 물리계층에서의 타임스탬프 처리장치 및 그 방법 |
| CN102594552B (zh) * | 2012-03-19 | 2014-12-03 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | 用于epon中的三重解搅动实现方法及装置 |
| DE102013220246A1 (de) * | 2013-07-24 | 2015-01-29 | Rohde & Schwarz Sit Gmbh | Verfahren und System zur manipulationssicheren Übertragung von Datenpaketen |
| DE102015213300A1 (de) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung einer Geräte-spezifischen Kennung und Geräte umfassend einen personalisierten programmierbaren Schaltungsbaustein |
| KR101899130B1 (ko) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-10-29 | (주) 구름네트웍스 | 데이터의 암호화, 복호화 방법 및 이를 이용하는 장치 |
| CN107196760B (zh) * | 2017-04-17 | 2020-04-14 | 徐智能 | 具有可调整性的伴随式随机重构密钥的序列加密方法 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2640449B1 (fr) * | 1988-12-14 | 1991-05-31 | Abiven Jacques | Procede et systemes de communication a cryptage de l'information |
| US5247576A (en) * | 1991-02-27 | 1993-09-21 | Motorola, Inc. | Key variable identification method |
| JP2892180B2 (ja) * | 1991-04-30 | 1999-05-17 | 富士通株式会社 | Atmクロスコネクト装置の監視方式 |
| EP0664627B1 (en) * | 1993-07-07 | 2004-04-28 | Ntt Mobile Communications Network Inc. | Method of controlling secrecy of personal communication |
| US5473696A (en) * | 1993-11-05 | 1995-12-05 | At&T Corp. | Method and apparatus for combined encryption and scrambling of information on a shared medium network |
| US5442702A (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1995-08-15 | At&T Corp. | Method and apparatus for privacy of traffic behavior on a shared medium network |
| KR0150258B1 (ko) * | 1994-12-14 | 1998-10-15 | 양승택 | 수동광통신망의 버스트 데이타 전송장치 |
| KR0154568B1 (ko) * | 1994-12-23 | 1998-11-16 | 양승택 | 수동광통신망의 케이블텔레비젼가입자 접속을 위한다중/역다중화 장치 |
-
1995
- 1995-12-18 FR FR9514988A patent/FR2742616B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-12-16 EP EP96402749A patent/EP0781069B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-16 ES ES96402749T patent/ES2227574T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-16 AT AT96402749T patent/ATE281052T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-12-16 DE DE69633709T patent/DE69633709T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-17 CA CA002193249A patent/CA2193249A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1996-12-17 AU AU75393/96A patent/AU721608B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-12-17 US US08/767,872 patent/US5920627A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-17 KR KR19960066786A patent/KR970056186A/ko not_active Ceased
- 1996-12-18 CN CN96121571.2A patent/CN1159108A/zh active Pending
- 1996-12-18 JP JP8338454A patent/JPH09205420A/ja active Pending
- 1996-12-23 TW TW085116033A patent/TW390081B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1303529C (zh) * | 2000-02-08 | 2007-03-07 | 国际商业机器公司 | 利用伪随机数二进制序列程序互锁来防止窜改 |
| US7222364B2 (en) | 2000-09-04 | 2007-05-22 | Pioneer Corporation | Information sending method and information sending apparatus, information receiving apparatus and information receiving method, information transmission system and information transmission method, and information recording medium |
| CN100440775C (zh) * | 2002-10-31 | 2008-12-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种加密通讯方法和装置 |
| CN100379270C (zh) * | 2003-05-20 | 2008-04-02 | 三星电子株式会社 | 广播通信集合系统中用于加扰的数字广播数据流的加扰释放装置 |
| CN101326756B (zh) * | 2005-12-08 | 2011-05-04 | 韩国电子通信研究院 | 以太网无源光网络中控制安全信道的方法和设备 |
| CN101072094B (zh) * | 2006-05-14 | 2011-10-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种pon系统中密钥协商的方法和系统 |
| CN102684786A (zh) * | 2012-05-07 | 2012-09-19 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | 基于可见光通信的加密方法和系统 |
| US9768958B2 (en) | 2012-05-07 | 2017-09-19 | Kuang-Chi Innovative Technology Ltd. | Visible-light communication-based encryption, decryption and encryption/decryption method and system |
| CN112150672A (zh) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-29 | 南京莱斯网信技术研究院有限公司 | 一种自动判定门锁异常状态的智能门锁系统 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2742616B1 (fr) | 1998-01-09 |
| CA2193249A1 (fr) | 1997-06-19 |
| ATE281052T1 (de) | 2004-11-15 |
| TW390081B (en) | 2000-05-11 |
| DE69633709D1 (de) | 2004-12-02 |
| AU721608B2 (en) | 2000-07-06 |
| AU7539396A (en) | 1997-06-26 |
| EP0781069A1 (fr) | 1997-06-25 |
| EP0781069B1 (fr) | 2004-10-27 |
| US5920627A (en) | 1999-07-06 |
| DE69633709T2 (de) | 2005-05-25 |
| JPH09205420A (ja) | 1997-08-05 |
| KR970056186A (https=) | 1997-07-31 |
| ES2227574T3 (es) | 2005-04-01 |
| FR2742616A1 (fr) | 1997-06-20 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN1159108A (zh) | 用在异步传输模式信元传送信息的加密和解密器件 | |
| CN1134933C (zh) | 安全性高的秘密键传送系统、发送装置及接收装置 | |
| US7702904B2 (en) | Key management system and multicast delivery system using the same | |
| TWI376131B (en) | Methods of broadcasting and receiving a scrambled multimedia programme, content,headend, terminal, receiver and security rpocessor for such methods | |
| US7401232B2 (en) | Content playback apparatus method and program and key management apparatus and system | |
| JP5106845B2 (ja) | スクランブルされたコンテンツデータオブジェクトをデスクランブルする方法 | |
| CN1260930C (zh) | 传输和实现访问接收器功能的控制指令的装置和方法 | |
| CN1117227A (zh) | 通信保护方法和系统 | |
| US20030046539A1 (en) | Multicast communication system | |
| CN101047496A (zh) | 提供加密数据流的方法 | |
| JPH07193566A (ja) | 通信方法及び通信装置 | |
| MXPA96006091A (en) | Generation of cryptographic identifications using keys of arbitration election | |
| CN1336053A (zh) | 信息传输系统及方法、发送配置及接收装置、数据处理装置及数据处理方法以及记录媒体 | |
| CN1897525A (zh) | 数字传输系统中发送的数据的鉴权 | |
| EP3476078A1 (en) | Systems and methods for authenticating communications using a single message exchange and symmetric key | |
| CN1910923A (zh) | 用于内容保护的方法和条件存取系统 | |
| RU2012145805A (ru) | Способ согласования многоадресного ключа, подходящий для системы группового вызова, и соответствующая система | |
| CN1675877A (zh) | 加密解密装置及其方法,加密装置及其方法,解密装置及其方法,以及接收发送装置 | |
| CN110213669A (zh) | 一种基于ts切片的视频内容防盗系统和方法 | |
| EP2482551B1 (en) | Method, device and system for implementing the grouping of broadcast services | |
| CN1909023A (zh) | 发送/接收系统和方法、发送/接收装置和方法及所用程序 | |
| US20040091104A1 (en) | Parallel stream operation apparatus, method therefor, and parallel stream operation program | |
| CN100385850C (zh) | 加密装置和加密方法及解密装置和解密方法 | |
| CN1208296A (zh) | 利用一组多个密钥鉴别设备的设备鉴别器 | |
| CN101621661A (zh) | 一种音视频加密解密传输系统 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |