CN115896614A - Niobium-containing bainite non-quenched and tempered steel material, steering knuckle and preparation method - Google Patents
Niobium-containing bainite non-quenched and tempered steel material, steering knuckle and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115896614A CN115896614A CN202211343133.XA CN202211343133A CN115896614A CN 115896614 A CN115896614 A CN 115896614A CN 202211343133 A CN202211343133 A CN 202211343133A CN 115896614 A CN115896614 A CN 115896614A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
A niobium-containing bainite non-quenched and tempered steel material, a steering knuckle and a preparation method relate to the technical field of non-quenched and tempered steel materials and further improve the strength and toughness of the automobile steering knuckle. The material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c:0.32 to 0.36, si:0.15 to 0.35, mn:1.8 to 2.0, P:0 to 0.015, S:0.035 to 0.065, cr: 0.15-0.30V: 0.15 to 0.20, ti:0.01 to 0.03, nb: 0.02-0.04 percent. The preparation process comprises the following steps: s1, smelting in an electric furnace; s2, LF refining; s3, VD vacuum treatment; s4, casting ingots; s5, heat treatment; s6, rolling; s7, air cooling; s8, finishing; and S9, flaw detection. The steering knuckle preparation method comprises the following steps: t1, blanking; t2, induction heating; t3, primary forging; t4, intermediate forging; t5, finish forging; t6, trimming; and T7, forcibly cooling by a fan.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-quenched and tempered steel materials, in particular to a niobium-containing bainite non-quenched and tempered steel material, a steering knuckle and a preparation method.
Background
The automobile steering knuckle is one of important safety parts on an automobile chassis, not only bears double tasks of steering and bearing, but also bears loads generated by impact from the ground, wheel sideslip steering brake and the like, and meanwhile, the automobile steering knuckle is also an important assembly part, a main pin hole of the automobile steering knuckle is connected and matched with the left end and the right end of a front axle through pins, and the shaft diameter of the main pin hole is connected and matched with a front wheel through an inner bearing, an outer bearing, a hub and the like, so that the front wheel of an automobile in the process of running can fly out due to failure and fracture of the automobile steering knuckle, and serious consequences can be caused. Therefore, the knuckle material is required to have high toughness.
At present, the traditional material of the heavy commercial vehicle steering knuckle is medium carbon alloy structural steel such as 40MnB or 40Cr, the medium carbon alloy structural steel is used after quenching and tempering treatment, and the hardness is generally required to be 255 HBW-302 HBW. The shaft neck can be subjected to induction quenching treatment, and certain effective hardening layer depth and surface hardness are required, wherein the effective hardening layer depth is 3-8 mm, and the surface hardness is 50-63 HRC; or may not be subjected to induction hardening treatment. The hardening and tempering process of the parts consumes a large amount of energy, so that the cost of the steering knuckle is increased; if the quenching and tempering are improper, the problems of part deformation, cracking and the like can also occur.
As the material of the steering knuckle requires very high obdurability, no case of applying non-quenched and tempered steel material to the steering knuckle of a heavy-duty commercial vehicle exists in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to further improve the toughness of the automobile steering knuckle, the invention provides a niobium-containing bainite non-quenched and tempered steel material, the steering knuckle and a preparation method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a niobium bainite non-quenched and tempered steel material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c:0.32 to 0.36, si:0.15 to 0.35, mn:1.8 to 2.0, P:0 to 0.015, S:0.035 to 0.065, cr: 0.15-0.30V: 0.15 to 0.20, ti:0.01 to 0.03, nb: 0.02-0.04.
Preferably, the bainite non-quenched and tempered steel material has a carbon equivalent Ceq value of 0.82-0.92% and Ceq = C + (1/10) Si + (2/11) Mn + (1/5) Cr + (1/3) V, wherein C, si, mn, cr and V represent mass percentages of corresponding elements in the bainite non-quenched and tempered steel material.
Preferably, the tensile strength of the bainite non-quenched and tempered steel material is 880MPa to 1000MPa.
Preferably, the non-proportional elongation strength of the bainite non-quenched and tempered steel material is 680MPa to 780MPa, the elongation at break is 15 percent to 20 percent, and the reduction of area is 40 percent to 52 percent.
Preferably, the metallurgical structure of the bainite non-quenched and tempered steel material is a microstructure mainly comprising bainite.
A method for preparing a niobium bainite-containing non-quenched and tempered steel material as described above, the method comprising the steps of making the non-quenched and tempered steel by using the components of the niobium bainite-containing non-quenched and tempered steel material as control factors of the process steps, wherein the process steps specifically comprise:
s1, smelting in an electric furnace;
s2, LF refining;
s3, VD vacuum treatment;
s4, ingot casting;
s5, heat treatment;
s6, rolling;
s7, air cooling;
s8, finishing;
and S9, flaw detection.
The niobium-containing bainite non-quenched and tempered steel steering knuckle is prepared by taking the bainite non-quenched and tempered steel material as a raw material.
The preparation method of the niobium bainite-containing non-quenched and tempered steel knuckle comprises the following steps:
t1, blanking;
t2, induction heating;
t3, primary forging;
t4, intermediate forging;
t5, finish forging;
t6, trimming;
and T7, forcibly cooling by a fan.
Preferably, the temperature of the induction heating is 1160-1240 ℃; the temperature of the primary forging is 1100-1180 ℃; the temperature of the finish forging is 1000-1080 ℃.
Preferably, the cooling rate in the range from the finish forging temperature to 670 ℃ is controlled to be 0.8 ℃/S to 1.3 ℃/S.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following specific beneficial effects:
1. the invention aims to provide high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel for a heavy commercial vehicle steering knuckle, which has the tensile strength of 900-1050 MPa and a suitable post-forging cooling control process, so that the performance index of the steering knuckle part reaches and exceeds the quenched and tempered performance level of medium-carbon alloy structural steel, and the service performance requirement is met.
1. The invention considers the factors of cost and comprehensive mechanical property, utilizes the action of niobium in steel, adopts the design idea of chemical components of medium carbon, medium and low manganese and the composite micro-alloying of trace adding vanadium, niobium and titanium, leads the part to form medium carbon bainite after implementing the controlled cooling process, is easy to cut and process, omits the medium temperature tempering process which is usually used by the medium carbon bainite steel, and saves energy and manufacturing cost.
2. The material can be applied to the preparation of heavy commercial vehicle steering knuckles, the tensile strength of the material reaches 880 MPa-1000 MPa, the fatigue resistance reaches a higher level, and the performance index of the steering knuckle part reaches and exceeds the performance level of medium carbon alloy structural steel quenching and tempering through a suitable post-forging controlled cooling process, so that the service performance requirement is met.
3. A series of quality problems generated in the quenching and tempering heat treatment process, such as scrapping caused by factors of cracking, unqualified hardness, uneven hardness, deformation and the like, are avoided, and the investment of a new production line is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a transmission electron microscope with a fan for forced cooling of the material of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the specification of the present invention, and it should be noted that the following embodiments are only used for better understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1.
The embodiment provides a bainite non-quenched and tempered steel material which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:0.36%, si:0.22%, mn:1.88%, P:0.0062%, S:0.040%, cr:0.22%, V:0.18%, ti:0.008%, nb:0.042 percent.
The induction heating temperature in the manufacturing process of the steering knuckle manufactured by applying the non-modulated steel material is as follows: 1160-1240 ℃; the initial forging temperature is: 1100 to 1180 ℃; the finish forging temperature is as follows: 1000-1080 ℃. The cooling mode is forced cooling by a fan, and the cooling speed in the temperature range from the finish forging temperature to 670 ℃ is controlled as follows: 0.8-1.3 ℃/S. The normal-temperature microstructure form of the forged steering knuckle is as follows: a microstructure mainly composed of bainite.
The mechanical properties of the steering knuckle are tested as follows: tensile strength: 960MPa, rp0.2 non-proportional elongation strength: 735MPa, elongation at break: 15.5%, reduction of area: 43.5 percent.
Example 2.
The embodiment provides a bainite non-quenched and tempered steel material which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:0.35%, si:0.16%, mn:1.92%, P:0.005%, S:0.050%, cr:0.25%, V:0.17%, nb:0.056%, ti:0.032 percent.
The induction heating temperature in the manufacturing process of the steering knuckle manufactured by applying the non-modulated steel material is as follows: 1160 to 1240 ℃; the initial forging temperature is: 1100 to 1180 ℃; the finish forging temperature is as follows: 1000-1080 ℃. The cooling mode is forced cooling by a fan, and the cooling speed in the temperature range from the finish forging temperature to 670 ℃ is controlled as follows: 0.8-1.3 ℃/S. The normal-temperature microstructure form of the forged steering knuckle is as follows: a microstructure mainly composed of bainite.
The mechanical properties of the steering knuckle are tested as follows: tensile strength: 940MPa, rp0.2 non-proportional elongation strength: 720MPa, elongation at break: 16.0%, reduction of area: 45.5 percent.
Example 3.
The embodiment provides a bainite non-quenched and tempered steel material which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:0.33%, si:0.20%, mn:1.90%, P:0.008% of Ti, 0.055% of S, 0.23% of Cr, and a molar ratio of Ti:0.019%, nb:0.027%, V:0.15 percent.
The induction heating temperature in the manufacturing process of the steering knuckle manufactured by applying the non-modulated steel material is as follows: 1160 to 1240 ℃; the initial forging temperature is: 1100 to 1180 ℃; the finish forging temperature is as follows: 1000-1080 ℃. The cooling mode is forced cooling by a fan, and the cooling speed in the temperature range from the finish forging temperature to 670 ℃ is as follows: 0.8-1.3 ℃/S. The normal-temperature microstructure form of the forged steering knuckle is as follows: a microstructure mainly composed of bainite.
The mechanical properties of the steering knuckle are tested as follows: tensile strength: 910MPa, rp0.2 non-proportional elongation strength: 715MPa, elongation at break: 17.0%, reduction of area: 50 percent.
Example 4.
The embodiment provides a bainite non-quenched and tempered steel material which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:0.35%, si:0.22%, mn:1.90%, P:0.01%, S0.035%, cr 0.26%, ti:0.019%, nb:0.027%, V0.16%.
The induction heating temperature in the manufacturing process of the steering knuckle manufactured by applying the non-modulated steel material is as follows: 1160-1240 ℃; initial forging temperature: 1100 to 1180 ℃; finish forging temperature: 1000-1080 ℃. The cooling method is fan forced cooling, and the cooling speed from the finish forging temperature to 670 ℃ is controlled to be 0.8-1.3 ℃/S. The normal-temperature microstructure form of the forged steering knuckle is as follows: the microstructure mainly comprising bainite has high microhardness, and a transmission electron microscope image of the non-modulated steel material structure after forced cooling by a fan is shown as an attached figure 1.
The mechanical properties of the steering knuckle are tested as follows: tensile strength: 960MPa, rp0.2 non-proportional elongation strength: 700MPa, elongation at break: 18% reduction of area: 51.5 percent.
The bending fatigue properties of the 40Cr and the non-quenched and tempered steel sample prepared in the example are respectively tested, and a metal rotating bending fatigue test method GB/T4337-2008 is adopted, and the notch coefficient Kt =1.86. The fatigue limit of the notch sample is 225.0MPa and 233MPa respectively, the fatigue limit of the notch sample is equivalent, and the fatigue resistance of the sample prepared by the embodiment is better.
Bench test verification was performed on the 40Cr knuckle and the non-quenched and tempered steel knuckle prepared in this example:
the test is carried out under the condition of atmospheric room temperature by using an Instron1346 type electro-hydraulic servo material testing machine, load control is adopted, the loading frequency f =7.6Hz, the stress ratio is 0.1, the load is a sine wave, the cycle frequency of 1, 000 and 000 is taken as the passing cycle of the fatigue test of the part, and the test results are shown in the following table.
It can be seen that the fatigue resistance of the non-quenched and tempered steel knuckle prepared by the embodiment is equivalent to 40 Cr.
The following tests for user use of the non-quenched and tempered steel knuckle according to the embodiment were carried out:
two sets of the non-modulation steel steering knuckles of the embodiment are assembled to a double front axle, and a user use test is carried out, wherein the test driving road condition is as follows: the mining area, the gravel road and the mountain trails are all sand and stone pavements. The vehicle type information is as follows:
the vehicle type CA3312 dumper, double front axles, the nominal load is 31 tons;
by day 16/11/2011, the mileage of two users using the test vehicle is shown in the table below.
| License plate number | Date of assembly | Counting date | Mileage (kilometer) |
| Liaoe 10938 | 2020-11-2 | 2021-11-16 | 113044 |
Through practical verification, after one year, the steering knuckle can still be normally used, and the fatigue resistance is good.
Claims (10)
1. The niobium-containing bainite non-quenched and tempered steel material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: c:0.32 to 0.36, si:0.15 to 0.35, mn:1.8 to 2.0, P:0 to 0.015, S:0.035 to 0.065, cr: 0.15-0.30V: 0.15 to 0.20, ti:0.01 to 0.03, nb: 0.02-0.04.
2. The non-quenched and tempered steel material containing niobium and bainite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the non-quenched and tempered steel material containing bainite has a Ceq value of 0.82-0.92% and Ceq = C + (1/10) Si + (2/11) Mn + (1/5) Cr + (1/3) V, where C, si, mn, cr and V represent mass percentages of the respective elements in the non-quenched and tempered steel material.
3. The non-heat-treated steel material containing niobium bainite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tensile strength of the non-heat-treated steel material containing niobium is 880 to 1000MPa.
4. The non-quenched and tempered steel material containing niobium bainite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the non-quenched and tempered steel material has a non-proportional elongation of 680 to 780MPa, an elongation at break of 15 to 20% and a reduction of area of 40 to 52%.
5. The non-heat-treated steel material containing niobium bainite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metallographic structure of the steel material is a microstructure mainly composed of bainite.
6. A method of producing a non-heat-treated steel material containing niobium bainite according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method is used for producing a non-heat-treated steel by using the components of the non-heat-treated steel material containing niobium bainite as control factors of the process steps, and the process steps specifically comprise:
s1, smelting in an electric furnace;
s2, LF refining;
s3, VD vacuum treatment;
s4, casting ingots;
s5, heat treatment;
s6, rolling;
s7, air cooling;
s8, finishing;
and S9, flaw detection.
7. A niobium-containing bainite non-quenched and tempered steel knuckle, characterized by being prepared from the bainite non-quenched and tempered steel material according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
8. The method for producing a niobium bainite non-heat-treated steel knuckle according to claim 7, comprising the steps of:
t1, blanking;
t2, induction heating;
t3, primary forging;
t4, medium forging;
t5, finish forging;
t6, trimming;
and T7, forcibly cooling by a fan.
9. The method for producing a niobium bainite non-quenched and tempered steel knuckle according to claim 8, wherein the temperature of the induction heating is 1160 to 1240 ℃; the temperature of the primary forging is 1100-1180 ℃; the temperature of the finish forging is 1000-1080 ℃.
10. The method of manufacturing a niobium bainite non-quenched and tempered steel knuckle according to claim 8, wherein a cooling rate in a range from the finish forging temperature to 670 ℃ is controlled to 0.8 ℃/S to 1.3 ℃/S.
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