CN112301208A - Induction heat treatment method of non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and motor shaft manufactured by adopting method - Google Patents
Induction heat treatment method of non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and motor shaft manufactured by adopting method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112301208A CN112301208A CN201910674703.5A CN201910674703A CN112301208A CN 112301208 A CN112301208 A CN 112301208A CN 201910674703 A CN201910674703 A CN 201910674703A CN 112301208 A CN112301208 A CN 112301208A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- motor shaft
- quenched
- tempered steel
- heat treatment
- manufactured
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/28—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for plain shafts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
- C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/003—Couplings; Details of shafts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
An induction heat treatment method for a motor shaft made of non-quenched and tempered steel and a motor shaft manufactured by the method belong to the field of heat treatment of non-quenched and tempered steel materials, and are characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) automatic feeding by a robot; (2) the machine tool door is automatically closed; (3) the inductor moves forwards; (4) heating simultaneously; (5) cooling the sprayed liquid; (6) moving the inductor backwards; (7) the machine tool door is automatically opened; (8) and (3) automatically taking materials by a robot, namely finishing the induction heat treatment process of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft, and sequentially and circularly implementing the induction heat treatment process of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the high-strength and high-toughness non-quenched and tempered steel 50MnSiV is used for manufacturing the motor shaft of the new energy electric automobile instead of the carburizing steel 20CrMnTiH, and through the implementation of the induction heat treatment method, the normalizing and carburizing heat treatment processes are cancelled, so that the manufacturing energy consumption of the motor shaft can be saved by over 75 percent, the cost is reduced by 5 to 30 percent, and simultaneously, the static torsion strength of the motor shaft is improved by over 25 percent and the torsion fatigue life is improved by over 40 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an induction heat treatment method of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and a motor shaft manufactured by the method, and belongs to the field of heat treatment of non-quenched and tempered steel materials.
Background
In recent years, the development of new energy automobiles in the world is continuously and rapidly increased, the sales volume of the new energy automobiles in the world will reach 1100 thousands of vehicles by 2025 according to BNEF prediction, and the market penetration rate is improved along with the improvement of the performance of the new energy automobiles and the increasing impact brought by the new energy automobiles. China is the largest new energy automobile market in the world and the fastest growing market, and is the main driving force for promoting the growth of new energy automobile markets in the world.
According to the targets provided by 'long-term development planning in automobile industry' and 'energy-saving and new energy automobile technical route map', new energy automobiles gradually become mainstream products in the next 10-15 years, and the automobile industry initially realizes electric transformation. Compared with the production and marketing market of traditional automobiles of China which is nearly 3000 thousands of automobiles each year, the permeability of the production and marketing quantity of new energy automobiles is less than 3%, and the industry is in the initial stage of high-speed growth. According to the data of the first electric research institute, the loading amount of the whole driving motor of the new energy automobile in 2015-2017 reaches 38.93, 51.86 and 81.25 ten thousands of driving motors respectively, and the yield of the new energy automobile is approximate to that of the new energy automobile. The loading amount of the driving motor in the first 10 manufacturers in China accounts for more than 60% of the total loading amount, and the market concentration is high.
The new energy electric automobile motor is used as a substitute of the function of the traditional engine, the performance of the new energy electric automobile motor directly determines main performance indexes of the electric automobile such as climbing, acceleration, maximum speed and the like, and the technology and the manufacturing level of a new motor directly influence the performance and the cost of the whole automobile. With the strong support of our country for new energy vehicles, the motor used as the new energy vehicle among three major components will lead to vigorous development. The motor shaft has wide development potential as a core part of the motor, and the transmission part of the motor driving system bears complex alternating load in the driving process, so that the motor driving system has high requirements on the performance of the spline output shaft of the driving motor. At present, alloy carburizing steel 20CrMnTiH is mostly used for a spline output shaft of a driving motor of an electric automobile, and the toughness of the core and the hardness of the surface are ensured by adopting the technology of normalizing, carburizing, quenching and tempering. On the premise that the mechanical property is ensured by the heat treatment processes such as normalizing, carburizing and the like, not only the deformation of the part is inevitable when being straightened, but also the processing precision and the assembly precision are not strongly ensured, and the performance of the cross section is uneven, so that the motor spline shaft is always failed early at a weak link part, particularly a spline part, in the service process; meanwhile, a large amount of energy needs to be consumed for heat treatment, the production period is long, the production cost is high, and the improvement of the performance of the new energy electric vehicle and the healthy development of the industry are severely restricted. In addition, the use of 20CrMnTi, 42CrMo, 40Cr, 45 steel and other parts such as spline shafts, gears, gear shafts and other components requiring heat treatment materials also has the above problems, and new material substitution and new process implementation are urgently needed, so that the process flow is shortened, the reliability of parts is improved, and the energy consumption and the manufacturing cost are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects, and provides an induction heat treatment method of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and the motor shaft manufactured by the method, wherein the non-quenched and tempered steel 50MnSiV with high toughness is obtained by optimizing the chemical components of the material of the non-quenched and tempered steel, and replacing carburized steel 20CrMnTiH for manufacturing the motor shaft of a new energy electric vehicle, and through the implementation of the induction heat treatment method, the normalizing and carburizing heat treatment processes are cancelled, so that the manufacturing energy consumption is saved, the cost is reduced, the strength of the motor shaft is improved, and the service life of the motor shaft is prolonged.
The above purpose is realized by the following technical scheme:
1. an induction heat treatment method of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and a motor shaft manufactured by the method are characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) automatic feeding by a robot; (2) the machine tool door is automatically closed; (3) the inductor moves forwards; (4) heating simultaneously; (5) cooling the sprayed liquid; (6) moving the inductor backwards; (7) the machine tool door is automatically opened; (8) and (3) automatically taking materials by a robot, namely finishing the induction heat treatment process of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft, and sequentially and circularly implementing the induction heat treatment process of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft.
2. The induction heat treatment method of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and the motor shaft manufactured by the method are characterized in that the grade of the non-quenched and tempered steel is 50MnSiV, and the non-quenched and tempered steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.48 to 0.52%, Si: 0.40-0.60%, Mn: 1.10-1.30%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, Cr: 0.10 to 0.20%, Ni: 0.20 to 0.30%, Mo: 0.03 to 0.07%, Nb: 0.015 to 0.030%, V: 0.08-0.15%, Ti: 0.015 to 0.025%, Al: 0.010-0.025%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.2%, N: 120-200 ppm, H is less than or equal to 2.0ppm, and O is less than or equal to 15 ppm; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
3. The induction heat treatment method of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and the motor shaft manufactured by the method are characterized in that a matrix microstructure of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft is pearlite (P) + ferrite (F) + bainite or martensite not more than 5%, the volume percentage content of the ferrite is 5% -25%, the average grain size of austenite is 7-10 grade, the pearlite is in a fine pearlite form, and the pearlite lamella spacing is less than or equal to 200 nm.
4. The induction heat treatment method of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and the motor shaft manufactured by the method are characterized in that the mechanical property Rm of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft is larger than or equal to 920MPa, Rel is larger than or equal to 550, A is larger than or equal to 15, Z is larger than or equal to 30, Aku is larger than or equal to 35J, hardness is 255-320HB, the section property is uniform, and the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft can replace steels such as 20CrMnTiH, 42CrMo, 40Cr and the like.
5. The method for manufacturing a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
step S1, smelting a raw material 50MnSiV of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft, and preparing round steel through converter or electric furnace steelmaking → ladle refining → ladle vacuum degassing → continuous casting → controlled rolling and controlled cooling;
step S2, performing forging and pressing molding on the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft, sawing and blanking a material section with a certain specification and length from the round steel manufactured in the step S1, and forging and pressing the material section into a motor shaft blank through a phi 80 multiplied by L1000 wedge cross rolling forging press;
step S3, machining of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft: forming the motor shaft blank manufactured in the step S2 into a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft through turning an outer circle → cold-twisted spline;
step S4, induction heat treatment of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft: the induction heat treatment of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft manufactured in the step S3 according to claim 1;
step S5, tempering of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft: tempering the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft manufactured in the step S4 for at least 1h in a box-type tempering furnace at the temperature of 180 ℃ and 220 ℃, and then discharging the motor shaft out of the furnace for air cooling;
step S6, carrying out 100% flaw detection on a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft: carrying out 100% flaw detection on the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft manufactured in the step S5 in a magnetic powder flaw detector without cracks;
step S7, performing rough grinding and fine grinding on the bearing part of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft manufactured in the step S6 in a cylindrical grinding machine;
and step S8, marking, cleaning, oiling and packaging the motor shaft manufactured in the step S7.
6. The induction heat treatment method of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and the motor shaft manufactured by the method are characterized in that the surface induction quenching process parameters comprise 100 power of 150kw, 10KHz-30KHz of frequency, 2mm-2.5mm of gap between an inductor and a workpiece, 2-4% of concentration of quenching liquid AQ251, 20-40 ℃ of temperature, 0.2 MPa-0.3 MPa of pressure, 900 +/-20 ℃ of quenching heating temperature, 10-15s of heating time, 52-60HRC of shaft diameter and spline surface hardness of cooling for 30-40s, and 2-4mm of effective hardened layer DS (450 HV 3).
Correspondingly, the induction heat treatment method of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and the motor shaft manufactured by the method provided by the invention have the advantages that the high-strength and high-toughness non-quenched and tempered steel 50MnSiV is adopted to replace carburized steel 20CrMnTiH to be used for manufacturing the motor shaft of the new energy electric automobile, and the normalizing and carburizing heat treatment processes are eliminated by implementing the induction heat treatment method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the high-strength and high-toughness non-quenched and tempered steel 50MnSiV is used for manufacturing the motor shaft of the new energy electric automobile instead of the carburizing steel 20CrMnTiH, and through the implementation of the induction heat treatment method, the normalizing and carburizing heat treatment processes are cancelled, so that the manufacturing energy consumption of the motor shaft can be saved by over 75 percent, the cost is reduced by 5 to 30 percent, and simultaneously, the static torsion strength of the motor shaft is improved by over 25 percent and the torsion fatigue life is improved by over 40 percent.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention of an induction heat treatment method for a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and a motor shaft section sample thermal acid etching macro-morphology manufactured by the method.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an induction heat treatment method for a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and a metallographic structure of a motor shaft section matrix manufactured by the method according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a TEM microstructure of a cross-section matrix of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and a motor shaft manufactured by the method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the attached drawings, which are illustrative, but not limiting, of the present invention.
1. An induction heat treatment method of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and a motor shaft manufactured by the method are characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) automatic feeding by a robot; (2) the machine tool door is automatically closed; (3) the inductor moves forwards; (4) heating simultaneously; (5) cooling the sprayed liquid; (6) moving the inductor backwards; (7) the machine tool door is automatically opened; (8) and (3) automatically taking materials by a robot, namely finishing the induction heat treatment process of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft, and sequentially and circularly implementing the induction heat treatment process of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft.
2. The induction heat treatment method of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and the motor shaft manufactured by the method are characterized in that the grade of the non-quenched and tempered steel is 50MnSiV, and the non-quenched and tempered steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.48 to 0.52%, Si: 0.40-0.60%, Mn: 1.10-1.30%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, Cr: 0.10 to 0.20%, Ni: 0.20 to 0.30%, Mo: 0.03 to 0.07%, Nb: 0.015 to 0.030%, V: 0.08-0.15%, Ti: 0.015 to 0.025%, Al: 0.010-0.025%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.2%, N: 120-200 ppm, H is less than or equal to 2.0ppm, and O is less than or equal to 15 ppm; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
3. The induction heat treatment method of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and the motor shaft manufactured by the method are characterized in that a matrix microstructure of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft is pearlite (P) + ferrite (F) + bainite or martensite not more than 5%, the volume percentage content of the ferrite is 5% -25%, the average grain size of austenite is 7-10 grade, the pearlite is in a fine pearlite form, and the pearlite lamella spacing is less than or equal to 200 nm.
4. The induction heat treatment method of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and the motor shaft manufactured by the method are characterized in that the mechanical property Rm of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft is larger than or equal to 920MPa, Rel is larger than or equal to 550, A is larger than or equal to 15, Z is larger than or equal to 30, Aku is larger than or equal to 35J, hardness is 255-320HB, the section property is uniform, and the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft can replace steels such as 20CrMnTiH, 42CrMo, 40Cr and the like.
5. The method for manufacturing a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
step S1, smelting a raw material 50MnSiV of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft, and preparing round steel through converter or electric furnace steelmaking → ladle refining → ladle vacuum degassing → continuous casting → controlled rolling and controlled cooling;
step S2, performing forging and pressing molding on the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft, sawing and blanking a material section with a certain specification and length from the round steel manufactured in the step S1, and forging and pressing the material section into a motor shaft blank through a phi 80 multiplied by L1000 wedge cross rolling forging press;
step S3, machining of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft: forming the motor shaft blank manufactured in the step S2 into a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft through turning an outer circle → cold-twisted spline;
step S4, induction heat treatment of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft: the induction heat treatment of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft manufactured in the step S3 according to claim 1;
step S5, tempering of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft: tempering the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft manufactured in the step S4 for at least 1h in a box-type tempering furnace at the temperature of 180 ℃ and 220 ℃, and then discharging the motor shaft out of the furnace for air cooling;
step S6, carrying out 100% flaw detection on a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft: carrying out 100% flaw detection on the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft manufactured in the step S5 in a magnetic powder flaw detector without cracks;
step S7, performing rough grinding and fine grinding on the bearing part of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft manufactured in the step S6 in a cylindrical grinding machine;
and step S8, marking, cleaning, oiling and packaging the motor shaft manufactured in the step S7.
6. The induction heat treatment method of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and the motor shaft manufactured by the method are characterized in that the surface induction quenching process parameters comprise 100 power of 150kw, 10KHz-30KHz of frequency, 2mm-2.5mm of gap between an inductor and a workpiece, 2-4% of concentration of quenching liquid AQ251, 20-40 ℃ of temperature, 0.2 MPa-0.3 MPa of pressure, 900 +/-20 ℃ of quenching heating temperature, 10-15s of heating time, 52-60HRC of shaft diameter and spline surface hardness of cooling for 30-40s, and 2-4mm of effective hardened layer DS (450 HV 3).
Correspondingly, the induction heat treatment method of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and the motor shaft manufactured by the method provided by the invention have the advantages that the high-strength and high-toughness non-quenched and tempered steel 50MnSiV is adopted to replace carburized steel 20CrMnTiH to be used for manufacturing the motor shaft of the new energy electric automobile, and through the implementation of the induction heat treatment method, the normalizing and carburizing heat treatment processes are cancelled, so that the energy consumption for manufacturing the motor shaft can be saved by over 75 percent, the cost is reduced by 5 to 30 percent, the static torsion strength of the motor shaft is improved by over 25 percent, and the torsion fatigue life is prolonged by over 40 percent.
Examples, reference is made to the accompanying drawings.
An induction heat treatment method of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and a motor shaft manufactured by the method are characterized by comprising the following steps.
Step S1: smelting a raw material 50MnSiV of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft, and preparing round steel through converter or electric furnace steelmaking → ladle refining → ladle vacuum degassing → continuous casting → controlled rolling and controlled cooling. The round steel comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 0.50 percent; si: 0.44%; mn: 1.30 percent; p: 0.010%; s: 0.003%; cr: 0.14 percent; v: 0.10 percent; al: 0.023%; nb: 0.015 percent; ti: 0.019%, Ni: 0.25 percent; mo: 0.06 percent; sn: 0.001 percent; cu: 0.08%, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities;
gas content [ N ]: 122ppm, [ O ]: 14ppm, [ H ]: 0.7 ppm.
Step S2: and (3) forging and forming the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft, namely sawing and blanking a material section with a certain specification and length from the round steel (the mechanical properties are shown in table 1) manufactured in the step S1, and forging and forming a motor shaft blank by a phi 80 multiplied by L1000 wedge cross rolling forging press.
Table 1: hot rolled mechanical property meter for non-quenched and tempered steel raw material
| Detecting items | Rm/MPa | Rel/MPa | A/% | Z/% | AKu/J | HB |
| Require that | ≥950 | ≥600 | ≥15 | ≥35 | ≥42 | 265-320 |
| Measured value 1 | 967 | 618 | 16 | 49 | 42,44,45 | 278 |
| Measured value 2 | 973 | 631 | 15 | 43 | 42,43,44 | 283 |
| Measured value 3 | 958 | 604 | 19 | 49 | 43,44,46 | 275 |
Step S3: machining a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft: and (5) shaping the motor shaft blank manufactured in the step (S2) through turning the outer circle → cold-twisting the spline to manufacture the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft.
Step S4: induction heat treatment of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft: the induction heat treatment of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft manufactured in step S3 according to claim 1 (see table 2 for the process parameters of the induction heat treatment).
Table 2: non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft induction heat treatment parameter
| Item | Power/kw | Frequency/khz | Heating time/S | Spray cooling |
| Require that | 100-150 | 10-30 | 10-15 | 30-40 |
| Measured value | 112 | 10 | 13 | 35 |
Step S5: tempering of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft: tempering the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft manufactured in the step S4 for at least 1h in a box-type tempering furnace at the temperature of 180 ℃ and 220 ℃, and then discharging the motor shaft out of the furnace for air cooling.
Step S6: 100% flaw detection of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft: and (5) carrying out 100% flaw detection on the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft manufactured in the step (S5) in a magnetic powder flaw detector without cracks.
Step S7: and (5) performing rough grinding and fine grinding on the bearing part of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft manufactured in the step (S6) in a cylindrical grinding machine.
Step S8: marking, cleaning, oiling and packaging the motor shaft manufactured in the step S7.
The mechanical properties of the motor shaft manufactured in the steps S1-S8 are detected as follows: the tensile strength, the yield strength, the elongation, the reduction of area and the impact energy have uniform mechanical properties and higher toughness shown in Table 3.
Table 3: non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft mechanical property meter
| Detecting items | Rm/MPa | Rel/MPa | A/% | Z/% | AKu/J | hardness/HB |
| Require that | ≥920 | ≥550 | ≥15 | ≥30 | ≥35 | 255-320 |
| Measured value 1 | 954 | 600 | 16.5 | 46 | 42,44,45 | 272 |
| Measured value 2 | 936 | 610 | 19 | 51 | 42,43.46 | 265 |
| Measured value 3 | 967 | 618 | 16 | 49 | 42,42,43 | 284 |
Analyzing an effective hardening layer of the motor shaft manufactured in the steps S1-S8: the hardness was measured at a distance of 0.2mm, 0.7mm, 1.2mm, 1.7mm, 2.2mm, 3.2mm, 4.2mm from the surface of the non-quenched and tempered steel, and the data thereof was statistically shown in Table 4.
Table 4: effective hardened layer of induction heat treatment on surface of non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft
| Distance surface/mm | 0.2 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 4.2 |
| hardness/HV | 681 | 671 | 664 | 658 | 652 | 431 | 273 |
The static torsional strength and fatigue tests of the motor shaft manufactured in the steps S1-S8 are performed, and the static torsional strength of the motor shaft is improved by more than 25% and the torsional fatigue life of the motor shaft is improved by more than 40% by comparison analysis with the motor shaft manufactured by carburizing steel 20CrMnTiH, which is shown in Table 5.
Table 5: static torsion and fatigue test of non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft
Cutting the motor shaft manufactured in the steps S1-S8, and processing the cut motor shaft by hydrochloric acid: heating water =1:1 to 60-80 deg.C, heat-etching for 2-5min, and observing the macroscopic morphology as shown in FIG. 1, wherein the induction heat treatment hardened layer is uniformly and continuously distributed; the microstructure of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft is shown in figures 2 and 3 after the analysis of a metallographic microscope and a TEM electron microscope on a matrix, the microstructure of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft is excellent in mechanical property and the microstructure of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft with high static torsion and fatigue test reliability is that the microstructure of the matrix is pearlite (P) + ferrite (F) + bainite or martensite which is not more than 5%, the volume percentage content of the ferrite is 5-25%, the average grain size of austenite is 7-10 grade, pearlite is in a fine pearlite form, the lamella spacing is not more than 200nm, and the matrix is toughened with a nano precipitated.
The embodiments given above are preferable examples for implementing the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications can be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or some or all of the technical features can be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An induction heat treatment method of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and a motor shaft manufactured by the method are characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) automatic feeding by a robot; (2) the machine tool door is automatically closed; (3) the inductor moves forwards; (4) heating simultaneously; (5) cooling the sprayed liquid; (6) moving the inductor backwards; (7) the machine tool door is automatically opened; (8) and (3) automatically taking materials by a robot, namely finishing the induction heat treatment process of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft, and sequentially and circularly implementing the induction heat treatment process of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft.
2. The induction heat treatment method of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and the motor shaft manufactured by the method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grade of the non-quenched and tempered steel is 50MnSiV, and the chemical components of the non-quenched and tempered steel are as follows by mass percent: c: 0.48 to 0.52%, Si: 0.40-0.60%, Mn: 1.10-1.30%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, Cr: 0.10 to 0.20%, Ni: 0.20 to 0.30%, Mo: 0.03 to 0.07%, Nb: 0.015 to 0.030%, V: 0.08-0.15%, Ti: 0.015 to 0.025%, Al: 0.010-0.025%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.2%, N: 120-200 ppm, H is less than or equal to 2.0ppm, and O is less than or equal to 15 ppm; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the microstructure of the substrate of the motor shaft is pearlite (P) + ferrite (F) + bainite or martensite not more than 5%, the ferrite is 5-25% by volume, the austenite average grain size is 7-10 grade, the pearlite is in the form of fine pearlite, and the pearlite lamellar spacing is not more than 200 nm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the motor shaft has a mechanical performance Rm of 920MPa or more, Rel of 550 or more, A of 15 or more, Z of 30 or more, Aku of 35J or more, hardness of 255 HB and 320HB, and a uniform cross-sectional property, and can be used to replace 20CrMnTiH, 42CrMo, 40Cr, etc.
5. The method of manufacturing a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft as recited in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
step S1, smelting a raw material 50MnSiV of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft, and preparing round steel through converter or electric furnace steelmaking → ladle refining → ladle vacuum degassing → continuous casting → controlled rolling and controlled cooling;
step S2, performing forging and pressing molding on the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft, sawing and blanking a material section with a certain specification and length from the round steel manufactured in the step S1, and forging and pressing the material section into a motor shaft blank through a phi 80 multiplied by L1000 wedge cross rolling forging press;
step S3, machining of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft: forming the motor shaft blank manufactured in the step S2 into a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft through turning an outer circle → cold-twisted spline;
step S4, induction heat treatment of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft: the induction heat treatment of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft manufactured in the step S3 according to claim 1;
step S5, tempering of a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft: tempering the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft manufactured in the step S4 for at least 1h in a box-type tempering furnace at the temperature of 180 ℃ and 220 ℃, and then discharging the motor shaft out of the furnace for air cooling;
step S6, carrying out 100% flaw detection on a non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft: carrying out 100% flaw detection on the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft manufactured in the step S5 in a magnetic powder flaw detector without cracks;
step S7, performing rough grinding and fine grinding on the bearing part of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft manufactured in the step S6 in a cylindrical grinding machine;
and step S8, marking, cleaning, oiling and packaging the motor shaft manufactured in the step S7.
6. The induction heat treatment method of the non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft as claimed in claim 1, and the motor shaft manufactured by the method, wherein the surface induction quenching process parameters include power of 100-150kw, frequency of 10KHz-30KHz, gap between the inductor and the workpiece of 2mm-2.5mm, concentration of quenching liquid AQ251 of 2% -4%, temperature of 20 ℃ -40 ℃, pressure of 0.2 MPa-0.3 MPa, quenching heating temperature of 900 ± 20 ℃, heating time of 10-15s, cooling of 30-40s shaft diameter and spline surface hardness of 52-60HRC, and effective hardened layer DS (450 HV 3) =2-4 mm.
7. The induction heat treatment method of a non quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and the motor shaft manufactured by the method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the normalizing and carburizing heat treatment process is eliminated by using a high toughness non quenched and tempered steel 50MnSiV instead of carburizing steel 20CrMnTiH for manufacturing the motor shaft of a new energy electric vehicle as claimed in claims 1 to 6.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910674703.5A CN112301208A (en) | 2019-07-25 | 2019-07-25 | Induction heat treatment method of non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and motor shaft manufactured by adopting method |
| CN202211416785.1A CN116144909A (en) | 2019-07-25 | 2019-07-25 | Non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and preparation method and application thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910674703.5A CN112301208A (en) | 2019-07-25 | 2019-07-25 | Induction heat treatment method of non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and motor shaft manufactured by adopting method |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211416785.1A Division CN116144909A (en) | 2019-07-25 | 2019-07-25 | Non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and preparation method and application thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112301208A true CN112301208A (en) | 2021-02-02 |
Family
ID=74329316
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910674703.5A Pending CN112301208A (en) | 2019-07-25 | 2019-07-25 | Induction heat treatment method of non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and motor shaft manufactured by adopting method |
| CN202211416785.1A Pending CN116144909A (en) | 2019-07-25 | 2019-07-25 | Non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and preparation method and application thereof |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211416785.1A Pending CN116144909A (en) | 2019-07-25 | 2019-07-25 | Non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and preparation method and application thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (2) | CN112301208A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114227163A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-25 | 北京北方车辆集团有限公司 | Intelligent manufacturing method of driven shaft |
| CN114250342A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-03-29 | 重庆跃进机械厂有限公司 | Air valve induction processing method |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0617116A (en) * | 1991-12-11 | 1994-01-25 | Aeg Elotherm Gmbh | Method and equipment for induction heating and quenching of long workpiece |
| WO2013018893A1 (en) * | 2011-08-03 | 2013-02-07 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Untempered steel for hot casting, hot-casted untempered article and method for producing same |
| CN103451402A (en) * | 2013-09-01 | 2013-12-18 | 株洲九方热表技术有限公司 | Heat treatment method of large shaft part |
| CN104611538A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-05-13 | 南阳市红阳锻造有限公司 | Novel quenching technology applied to vehicular hollow variable cross-section spindle nose and use equipment of novel quenching technology |
| CN108018407A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2018-05-11 | 十堰深思科技有限公司 | A kind of full-automatic overall pulse induction heating quenching lathe of automobile axle shaft |
| CN108588359A (en) * | 2018-07-14 | 2018-09-28 | 湖北汽车工业学院 | Spindle double-station quenching machine and loading and unloading manipulator automatic control system |
| CN109759779A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2019-05-17 | 苏州苏信特钢有限公司 | A kind of non-hardened and tempered steel motor shaft and its processing method |
-
2019
- 2019-07-25 CN CN201910674703.5A patent/CN112301208A/en active Pending
- 2019-07-25 CN CN202211416785.1A patent/CN116144909A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0617116A (en) * | 1991-12-11 | 1994-01-25 | Aeg Elotherm Gmbh | Method and equipment for induction heating and quenching of long workpiece |
| WO2013018893A1 (en) * | 2011-08-03 | 2013-02-07 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Untempered steel for hot casting, hot-casted untempered article and method for producing same |
| CN103451402A (en) * | 2013-09-01 | 2013-12-18 | 株洲九方热表技术有限公司 | Heat treatment method of large shaft part |
| CN104611538A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-05-13 | 南阳市红阳锻造有限公司 | Novel quenching technology applied to vehicular hollow variable cross-section spindle nose and use equipment of novel quenching technology |
| CN108018407A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2018-05-11 | 十堰深思科技有限公司 | A kind of full-automatic overall pulse induction heating quenching lathe of automobile axle shaft |
| CN109759779A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2019-05-17 | 苏州苏信特钢有限公司 | A kind of non-hardened and tempered steel motor shaft and its processing method |
| CN108588359A (en) * | 2018-07-14 | 2018-09-28 | 湖北汽车工业学院 | Spindle double-station quenching machine and loading and unloading manipulator automatic control system |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114250342A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-03-29 | 重庆跃进机械厂有限公司 | Air valve induction processing method |
| CN114250342B (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2024-05-28 | 重庆跃进机械厂有限公司 | Air valve induction processing method |
| CN114227163A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-25 | 北京北方车辆集团有限公司 | Intelligent manufacturing method of driven shaft |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN116144909A (en) | 2023-05-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP2436795B1 (en) | Carburized component and manufacturing method therefor | |
| CN110592476B (en) | Non-quenched and tempered round steel for direct cutting and method for manufacturing truck pin shaft by using same | |
| CN103827337B (en) | Bearing ingot material and manufacture method | |
| EP2692888B1 (en) | Case hardening steel, method for producing same, and mechanical structural part using case hardening steel | |
| EP3088550A1 (en) | Carburized-steel-component production method, and carburized steel component | |
| CA3057050C (en) | Railway wheel | |
| KR20150023726A (en) | High carbon steel pipe having excellent cold workability, machinability, and quenching properties, and method for manufacturing same | |
| CN106111876B (en) | A kind of processing method of automobile-use reverse gear forging | |
| CN108160741A (en) | Press part steel alloy wire rod preparation method, press part and its hardening and tempering process | |
| EP3778969B1 (en) | Railway axle | |
| CN113862576B (en) | Non-quenched and tempered steel, crankshaft and production method thereof | |
| CN106811580A (en) | A kind of annealing process of H13 hot die steels | |
| CN111850412A (en) | Steel material for carburized gear and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103168112A (en) | Bearing steel and ingot material for bearing having excellent rolling contact fatigue life characteristics and method for manufacturing the same | |
| CN115013601B (en) | Concrete conveying pipe, manufacturing method thereof and concrete pump truck | |
| CN110686062B (en) | Non-quenched and tempered steel lightweight brake camshaft and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN112301208A (en) | Induction heat treatment method of non-quenched and tempered steel motor shaft and motor shaft manufactured by adopting method | |
| JP4185997B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of bearing parts | |
| CN111304529A (en) | Seamless steel tube for multi-stage oil cylinder and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN103717768A (en) | Induction hardening steel and crank shaft manufactured by using same | |
| CN111748751A (en) | Non-quenched and tempered steel, manufacturing method thereof and application of non-quenched and tempered steel | |
| CN112176152B (en) | High-speed rail axle with long fatigue life and speed per hour more than or equal to 400 kilometers and laser quenching method thereof | |
| CN107653420A (en) | Vacuum carburization steel and its manufacture method | |
| CN112301266A (en) | Non-quenched and tempered round steel for hot forging and production method thereof | |
| CN110977353A (en) | Manufacturing method of torsion shaft |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20210202 |