CN115895185A - Light melamine waterproof foam plastic and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Light melamine waterproof foam plastic and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115895185A CN115895185A CN202211447676.6A CN202211447676A CN115895185A CN 115895185 A CN115895185 A CN 115895185A CN 202211447676 A CN202211447676 A CN 202211447676A CN 115895185 A CN115895185 A CN 115895185A
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- melamine
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- formaldehyde resin
- waterproof foam
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- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 18
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical class O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene tetramine Natural products C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 formaldehyde, hexamethylenetetramine modified melamine Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229960004011 methenamine Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 6
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012814 acoustic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002984 plastic foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011538 cleaning material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a light melamine waterproof foam plastic which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2-5% of surfactant, 0.5-1.2% of composite catalyst, 3-8% of foaming agent and the balance of modified melamine formaldehyde resin. According to the light melamine waterproof foam plastic, the modified melamine formaldehyde resin is adopted to replace the traditional melamine resin, and the mixture of potassium acetate and ammonium chloride is adopted as a composite catalyst, so that the prepared melamine molecular chain is more complicated to crosslink, and the network structure is firmer, so that the light melamine waterproof foam plastic has excellent compressive strength; meanwhile, the complex cross-linked structure enables the waterproof effect of the foam plastic to be obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of foamed plastic, in particular to light melamine waterproof foamed plastic and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of foamed plastic.
Background
Melamine foam (also called melamine foam or nano sponge) is thermosetting elastic organic rubber-plastic foam which is formed by microwave foaming of melamine polybase-formaldehyde resin and has a fine three-dimensional network structure with high open pores. The ottela melamine foam has excellent comprehensive performance, and is widely applied to the fields of architectural acoustics, professional acoustics, rail vehicles, automobile manufacturing, ship manufacturing, aerospace application, pipeline heat preservation, high-temperature heat preservation, low-temperature heat preservation, power stations, filtration application, large-scale equipment manufacturing, antistatic property, 5G base stations, white electric appliances, super capacitors, industrial cleaning, daily cleaning, furniture manufacturing and the like.
The melamine foam has excellent 9 performance properties, including:
1. sound absorption performance
The melamine foam is a three-dimensional grid structure system with sufficient open pores, the length-diameter ratio (L/D) of the grid is 10-20, and the open pore ratio of the melamine foam plastic with the density of 8.5KG/M3 is up to more than 99 percent, so that sound waves can conveniently and effectively enter the deep layer of the foam body and are converted into vibration of the grid to be consumed and absorbed, reflected waves can be effectively eliminated, and particularly, the melamine foam has outstanding absorption characteristics on middle and high frequency noise; the melamine foam can be processed into acoustic materials such as acoustic sound absorbing boards, pyramid wedges, wedges and suspension sound absorbers, and can be widely applied to various architectural acoustics, professional acoustics and equipment acoustics.
2. Flame retardant properties
The melamine foam is formed by microwave foaming of melamine, the melamine is a flame retardant material with the nitrogen content of up to 70%, so the melamine foam can achieve excellent flame retardant performance without adding any flame retardant, the surface starts to burn only under the condition of contacting with open fire, and the melamine foam is immediately decomposed to generate a large amount of inert non-combustible gas and nitrogen after burning, thereby isolating oxygen, slowing down the burning speed, simultaneously forming a compact coke layer on the surface of a burner rapidly to effectively prevent the burning from developing to a deep layer, and automatically extinguishing after the open fire leaves, namely, the melamine foam is extinguished after leaving the fire.
3. Weather resistance
The melamine foam belongs to thermosetting organic plastics, has a high and fine three-dimensional reticular cross-linked structure, has higher low thermal stability and aging resistance compared with polyethylene, polystyrene thermoplastic materials and polyurethane materials with lower cross-linking degree, can work under the environment condition of minus 180 ℃ to 200 ℃ for a long time, can resist the high temperature of 240 ℃ at most, has no decomposition and deformation phenomena, and has obvious decomposition phenomena only in the high-temperature environment of more than 400 ℃ (the working temperature of the foamed plastics such as polyolefin, polystyrene, polyurethane and the like is only 80 ℃, and the foamed plastics are deformed and decomposed when the working temperature is more than 80 ℃).
4. Thermal insulation performance
The melamine foam is a three-dimensional grid structure system with sufficient open pores, the length-diameter ratio (L/D) of the grid is between 10 and 20, the open pore ratio of the melamine foam plastic with the density of 8.5KG/M3 is more than 99 percent, the fine three-dimensional grid structure enables the convection heat transfer of air to be effectively prevented, and the melamine foam plastic has unique low thermal stability, so that the melamine foam plastic has good heat insulation and preservation effects (the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.035W/(M K))), and becomes a light heat insulation and preservation material which is difficult to replace.
5. Light in weight
The melamine foam is a three-dimensional grid structure system with full open pores, the length-diameter ratio (L/D) of the grid is 10-20, the lowest density can be 8.5KG/M < 3 >, the melamine foam is one of the lightest foams in the world, and the melamine foam can be applied to filling of aviation aircraft seats.
6. Chemical resistance
Melamine foams are thermosetting organic plastics and have a highly fine three-dimensional network cross-linked structure that is resistant to many organic solvents. The melamine foam has the performances of acid resistance, alkali resistance, mildew resistance, antibiosis and the like.
7. Abrasiveness property
The hardness of melamine foam is as hard as glass fiber reinforced plastic, but the fine cell structure provides flexibility to the product. When the melamine foam is wetted with water, the surface dirt can be easily wiped off. Melamine foam is one of the 21 st century great cleaning materials.
8. Environment-friendly type
The melamine foam is mainly formed by foaming melamine polybase formaldehyde resin, does not contain other chemical compounds, is a non-fibrous material, does not contain any dust, does not contain any halogenated hydrocarbon, flame retardant or toxic heavy metal, simultaneously the formaldehyde emission of the melamine foam produced by the Orterley technology reaches the indoor decoration environmental protection standard of 0.1ppm at most of European Union EN717-7, and is one of domestic safe and environmental-friendly building acoustic materials.
9. Secondary processing formability
The melamine foam is a fine thermosetting elastic organic rubber-plastic foam with a three-dimensional network structure, can be simply cut or subjected to CNC (computerized numerical control) processing, and can also be subjected to composite processing with other materials, such as hot-press forming with materials such as non-woven fabrics, aluminum foils and PVC (polyvinyl chloride), and is widely applied to automobile engine sound insulation and heat insulation pads; and the hydrophobic and oleophobic treatment can be carried out, and the air conditioning system of the railway vehicle can be widely applied to heat insulation and heat preservation.
The light melamine foam plastic has higher opening rate, so the waterproof performance is poorer; in the fields of building, petrochemical, cold insulation of cold storage and the like, the waterproof performance of the foam plastic is also higher, so that the light melamine waterproof foam plastic and the preparation method thereof need to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a light melamine waterproof foam plastic and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2-5% of surfactant, 0.5-1.2% of composite catalyst, 3-8% of foaming agent and the balance of modified melamine formaldehyde resin.
Preferably, the modified melamine-formaldehyde resin is formaldehyde or hexamethylenetetramine modified melamine resin.
Preferably, the surfactant is any one or combination of more of Tween-40, tween-80 and OP-10.
Preferably, the composite catalyst is a mixture of potassium acetate and ammonium chloride.
Further preferably, the mass ratio of the potassium acetate to the ammonium chloride is 100: (30-55).
Preferably, the foaming agent is any one of dichloromethane, isopentane, n-pentane, cyclopentane and n-butane.
Preferably, the preparation method of the light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following steps:
a, adding 35-40% of formaldehyde aqueous solution, hexamethylenetetramine and water into a container, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixed solution; adjusting the pH value of the first mixed solution to 9.0-9.5 by using 25-35% sodium hydroxide solution, gradually heating to 80-90 ℃, adding melamine when the temperature is raised to 62-67 ℃, and maintaining the pH value to be not lower than 8.0; after the color of the reaction system becomes clear, continuing the reaction, testing the mixing amount of water, adding triethanolamine and dendritic polymer when the mixing amount of water reaches 100-150%, uniformly stirring, and cooling to room temperature to obtain modified melamine-formaldehyde resin;
b, mixing potassium acetate and ammonium chloride in proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite catalyst;
preheating the modified melamine formaldehyde resin to 30-35 ℃, adding a surfactant and a foaming agent, stirring for 90-120s, adding a composite catalyst, uniformly stirring, quickly pouring into a mold, feeding the mold into a far-infrared heating furnace, regulating the temperature to 90-95 ℃ for pre-foaming for 60-75min, heating to 105-110 ℃, and baking for 90-105min to obtain the melamine formaldehyde resin.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, the modified melamine formaldehyde resin is adopted to replace the traditional melamine resin, and the mixture of potassium acetate and ammonium chloride is adopted as a composite catalyst, so that the prepared melamine molecular chain is more complex in crosslinking and firmer in a net structure, and therefore, the melamine resin has excellent compressive strength; meanwhile, the complex cross-linked structure enables the waterproof effect of the foam plastic to be obviously improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further specifically described below by way of specific examples. It is to be understood that the practice of the invention is not limited to the following examples, and that any variations and/or modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention.
In the present invention, all parts and percentages are by weight, unless otherwise specified, and the equipment and materials used are commercially available or commonly used in the art. The methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
The reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, were purchased from conventional biochemical reagent stores. In the following examples, three replicates were set up for each quantification and the results were averaged.
Example 1
A light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.5 percent of surfactant, 0.8 percent of composite catalyst, 5.5 percent of foaming agent and the balance of modified melamine formaldehyde resin.
The surfactant is Tween-40.
The composite catalyst is a mixture of potassium acetate and ammonium chloride; the mass ratio of the potassium acetate to the ammonium chloride is 100:38.
the foaming agent is n-pentane.
The preparation method of the light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following steps:
a, adding a 38% formaldehyde aqueous solution, hexamethylenetetramine and water into a container, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixed solution; adjusting the pH value of the first mixed solution to 9.2 by using 32% sodium hydroxide solution, gradually heating to 85 ℃, adding melamine when the temperature is raised to 65 ℃, and maintaining the pH value to be not lower than 8.0; after the color of the reaction system becomes clear, continuing the reaction, testing the water mixing number, adding triethanolamine and dendritic polymer when the water mixing number reaches 135%, uniformly stirring, and cooling to room temperature to obtain modified melamine-formaldehyde resin;
b, mixing potassium acetate and ammonium chloride in proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite catalyst;
and C, preheating the modified melamine-formaldehyde resin to 32 ℃, adding a surfactant and a foaming agent, stirring for 95s, adding a composite catalyst, uniformly stirring, quickly pouring into a mold, conveying the mold into a far-infrared heating furnace, regulating the temperature to 92 ℃ for prefoaming for 65min, and then heating to 108 ℃ for high-temperature baking for 98 min.
Example 2
A light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2% of surfactant, 1.2% of composite catalyst, 3% of foaming agent and the balance of modified melamine formaldehyde resin.
The surfactant is tween-80.
The composite catalyst is a mixture of potassium acetate and ammonium chloride; the mass ratio of the potassium acetate to the ammonium chloride is 100:30.
the foaming agent is dichloromethane.
The preparation method of the light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following steps:
a, adding a 40% formaldehyde aqueous solution, hexamethylenetetramine and water into a container, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixed solution; adjusting the pH value of the first mixed solution to 9.5 by using 25% sodium hydroxide solution, gradually heating to 80 ℃, adding melamine when the temperature is raised to 67 ℃, and maintaining the pH value to be not lower than 8.0; after the color of the reaction system becomes clear, continuing the reaction, testing the mixing amount of water, adding triethanolamine and dendritic polymer when the mixing amount of water reaches 100%, uniformly stirring, and cooling to room temperature to obtain modified melamine-formaldehyde resin;
b, mixing potassium acetate and ammonium chloride in proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite catalyst;
and C, preheating the modified melamine-formaldehyde resin to 35 ℃, adding a surfactant and a foaming agent, stirring for 90s, adding a composite catalyst, uniformly stirring, quickly pouring into a mold, conveying the mold into a far-infrared heating furnace, regulating the temperature to 95 ℃, pre-foaming for 60min, and then heating to 110 ℃ and baking for 90 min.
Example 3
A light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5% of surfactant, 0.5% of composite catalyst, 8% of foaming agent and the balance of modified melamine formaldehyde resin.
The surfactant is OP-10.
The composite catalyst is a mixture of potassium acetate and ammonium chloride; the mass ratio of the potassium acetate to the ammonium chloride is 100:55.
the foaming agent is n-butane.
The preparation method of the light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following steps:
a, adding 35% formaldehyde aqueous solution, hexamethylenetetramine and water into a container, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixed solution; adjusting the pH value of the first mixed solution to 9.0 by using 35% sodium hydroxide solution, gradually heating to 90 ℃, adding melamine when the temperature is raised to 62 ℃, and maintaining the pH value to be not lower than 8.0; after the color of the reaction system becomes clear, continuing the reaction, testing the mixing amount of water, adding triethanolamine and dendritic polymer when the mixing amount of water reaches 150%, uniformly stirring, and cooling to room temperature to obtain modified melamine-formaldehyde resin;
b, mixing potassium acetate and ammonium chloride in proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite catalyst;
preheating the modified melamine-formaldehyde resin to 30 ℃, adding a surfactant and a foaming agent, stirring for 120s, adding a composite catalyst, stirring uniformly, pouring into a mold quickly, feeding the mold into a far-infrared heating furnace, regulating the temperature to 90 ℃, carrying out pre-foaming for 75min, and then heating to 105 ℃ to bake for 105 min.
Example 4
A light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.8% of surfactant, 1.1% of composite catalyst, 6.2% of foaming agent and the balance of modified melamine formaldehyde resin.
The surfactant is a combination of Tween-40 and OP-10 with the mass ratio of 3:1.
The composite catalyst is a mixture of potassium acetate and ammonium chloride; the mass ratio of the potassium acetate to the ammonium chloride is 100:37.
the foaming agent is any one of dichloromethane, isopentane, n-pentane, cyclopentane and n-butane.
The preparation method of the light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following steps:
a, adding a 38% formaldehyde aqueous solution, hexamethylenetetramine and water into a container, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixed solution; adjusting the pH value of the first mixed solution to 9.2 by using 25% sodium hydroxide solution, gradually heating to 80 ℃, adding melamine when the temperature is raised to 65 ℃, and maintaining the pH value to be not lower than 8.0; after the color of the reaction system becomes clear, continuing the reaction, testing the water mixing number, adding triethanolamine and dendritic polymer when the water mixing number reaches 100%, uniformly stirring, and cooling to room temperature to obtain modified melamine-formaldehyde resin;
b, mixing potassium acetate and ammonium chloride in proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite catalyst;
and C, preheating the modified melamine-formaldehyde resin to 32 ℃, adding a surfactant and a foaming agent, stirring for 90s, adding a composite catalyst, uniformly stirring, quickly pouring into a mold, conveying the mold into a far-infrared heating furnace, regulating the temperature to 92 ℃ for pre-foaming for 60min, and then heating to 107 ℃ for high-temperature baking for 90 min.
Example 5
A light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.8% of surfactant, 0.7% of composite catalyst, 4.2% of foaming agent and the balance of modified melamine formaldehyde resin.
The surfactant is a combination of Tween-80 and OP-10 with the mass ratio of 2:4.
The composite catalyst is a mixture of potassium acetate and ammonium chloride; the mass ratio of the potassium acetate to the ammonium chloride is 100:43.
the foaming agent is n-pentane.
The preparation method of the light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following steps:
a, adding 40% formaldehyde aqueous solution, hexamethylene tetramine and water into a container, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixed solution; adjusting the pH value of the first mixed solution to 9.5 by using 28% sodium hydroxide solution, gradually heating to 82 ℃, adding melamine when the temperature is raised to 67 ℃, and maintaining the pH value to be not lower than 8.0; after the color of the reaction system becomes clear, continuing the reaction, testing the mixing amount of water, adding triethanolamine and dendritic polymer when the mixing amount of water reaches 127%, uniformly stirring, and cooling to room temperature to obtain modified melamine-formaldehyde resin;
b, mixing potassium acetate and ammonium chloride in proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite catalyst;
and C, preheating the modified melamine-formaldehyde resin to 35 ℃, adding a surfactant and a foaming agent, stirring for 97s, adding a composite catalyst, uniformly stirring, quickly pouring into a mold, conveying the mold into a far-infrared heating furnace, regulating the temperature to 95 ℃ for pre-foaming for 67min, and then heating to 110 ℃ for high-temperature baking for 94 min.
In the following, some of the raw materials in example 1 were changed to investigate the influence of these raw materials on the physical properties of the final foam.
Comparative example 1
A light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.5 percent of surfactant, 0.8 percent of composite catalyst, 5.5 percent of foaming agent and the balance of modified melamine formaldehyde resin.
The surfactant is Tween-40.
The catalyst is potassium acetate.
The foaming agent is n-pentane.
The preparation method of the light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following steps:
a, adding a 38% formaldehyde aqueous solution, hexamethylenetetramine and water into a container, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixed solution; adjusting the pH value of the first mixed solution to 9.2 by using 32% sodium hydroxide solution, gradually heating to 85 ℃, adding melamine when the temperature is increased to 65 ℃, and maintaining the pH value to be not lower than 8.0; after the color of the reaction system becomes clear, continuing the reaction, testing the mixing amount of water, adding triethanolamine and dendritic polymer when the mixing amount of water reaches 135%, uniformly stirring, and cooling to room temperature to obtain modified melamine-formaldehyde resin;
b, mixing potassium acetate and ammonium chloride in proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite catalyst;
preheating the modified melamine-formaldehyde resin to 32 ℃, adding a surfactant and a foaming agent, stirring for 95s, adding a composite catalyst, stirring uniformly, pouring into a mold quickly, feeding the mold into a far-infrared heating furnace, regulating the temperature to 92 ℃ for prefoaming for 65min, and heating to 108 ℃ for baking for 98 min.
Comparative example 2
A light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.5 percent of surfactant, 0.8 percent of composite catalyst, 5.5 percent of foaming agent and the balance of modified melamine formaldehyde resin.
The surfactant is Tween-40.
The catalyst is ammonium chloride.
The foaming agent is n-pentane.
The preparation method of the light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following steps:
a, adding a 38% formaldehyde aqueous solution, hexamethylenetetramine and water into a container, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixed solution; adjusting the pH value of the first mixed solution to 9.2 by using 32% sodium hydroxide solution, gradually heating to 85 ℃, adding melamine when the temperature is increased to 65 ℃, and maintaining the pH value to be not lower than 8.0; after the color of the reaction system becomes clear, continuing the reaction, testing the mixing amount of water, adding triethanolamine and dendritic polymer when the mixing amount of water reaches 135%, uniformly stirring, and cooling to room temperature to obtain modified melamine-formaldehyde resin;
b, mixing potassium acetate and ammonium chloride in proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite catalyst;
and C, preheating the modified melamine-formaldehyde resin to 32 ℃, adding a surfactant and a foaming agent, stirring for 95s, adding a composite catalyst, uniformly stirring, quickly pouring into a mold, conveying the mold into a far-infrared heating furnace, regulating the temperature to 92 ℃ for prefoaming for 65min, and then heating to 108 ℃ for high-temperature baking for 98 min.
Comparative example 3
A light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.5 percent of surfactant, 0.8 percent of composite catalyst, 5.5 percent of foaming agent and the balance of modified melamine formaldehyde resin.
The surfactant is Tween-40.
The composite catalyst is a mixture of potassium acetate and ammonium chloride; the mass ratio of the potassium acetate to the ammonium chloride is 100:300.
the foaming agent is n-pentane.
The preparation method of the light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following steps:
a, adding a 38% formaldehyde aqueous solution, hexamethylenetetramine and water into a container, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixed solution; adjusting the pH value of the first mixed solution to 9.2 by using 32% sodium hydroxide solution, gradually heating to 85 ℃, adding melamine when the temperature is raised to 65 ℃, and maintaining the pH value to be not lower than 8.0; after the color of the reaction system becomes clear, continuing the reaction, testing the mixing amount of water, adding triethanolamine and dendritic polymer when the mixing amount of water reaches 135%, uniformly stirring, and cooling to room temperature to obtain modified melamine-formaldehyde resin;
b, mixing potassium acetate and ammonium chloride in proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite catalyst;
and C, preheating the modified melamine-formaldehyde resin to 32 ℃, adding a surfactant and a foaming agent, stirring for 95s, adding a composite catalyst, uniformly stirring, quickly pouring into a mold, conveying the mold into a far-infrared heating furnace, regulating the temperature to 92 ℃ for prefoaming for 65min, and then heating to 108 ℃ for high-temperature baking for 98 min.
Comparative example 4
A light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.5 percent of surfactant, 0.8 percent of composite catalyst, 5.5 percent of foaming agent and the balance of modified melamine formaldehyde resin.
The surfactant is Tween-40.
The composite catalyst is a mixture of potassium acetate and ammonium chloride; the mass ratio of the potassium acetate to the ammonium chloride is 100:5.
the foaming agent is n-pentane.
The preparation method of the light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following steps:
a, adding a 38% formaldehyde aqueous solution, hexamethylenetetramine and water into a container, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixed solution; adjusting the pH value of the first mixed solution to 9.2 by using 32% sodium hydroxide solution, gradually heating to 85 ℃, adding melamine when the temperature is raised to 65 ℃, and maintaining the pH value to be not lower than 8.0; after the color of the reaction system becomes clear, continuing the reaction, testing the mixing amount of water, adding triethanolamine and dendritic polymer when the mixing amount of water reaches 135%, uniformly stirring, and cooling to room temperature to obtain modified melamine-formaldehyde resin;
b, mixing potassium acetate and ammonium chloride in proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite catalyst;
and C, preheating the modified melamine-formaldehyde resin to 32 ℃, adding a surfactant and a foaming agent, stirring for 95s, adding a composite catalyst, uniformly stirring, quickly pouring into a mold, conveying the mold into a far-infrared heating furnace, regulating the temperature to 92 ℃ for prefoaming for 65min, and then heating to 108 ℃ for high-temperature baking for 98 min.
Comparative example 5
A light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.5 percent of surfactant, 0.8 percent of composite catalyst, 5.5 percent of foaming agent and the balance of modified melamine formaldehyde resin.
The surfactant is Tween-40.
The composite catalyst is a mixture of potassium acetate and ammonium chloride; the mass ratio of the potassium acetate to the ammonium chloride is 100:38.
the foaming agent is n-pentane.
The preparation method of the light melamine waterproof foam plastic comprises the following steps:
a, adding a 38% formaldehyde aqueous solution and water into a container, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixed solution; adjusting the pH value of the first mixed solution to 9.2 by using 32% sodium hydroxide solution, gradually heating to 85 ℃, adding melamine when the temperature is raised to 65 ℃, and maintaining the pH value to be not lower than 8.0; after the color of the reaction system becomes clear, continuing the reaction, testing the mixing amount of water, adding triethanolamine and dendritic polymer when the mixing amount of water reaches 135%, uniformly stirring, and cooling to room temperature to obtain modified melamine-formaldehyde resin;
b, mixing potassium acetate and ammonium chloride in proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite catalyst;
and C, preheating the modified melamine-formaldehyde resin to 32 ℃, adding a surfactant and a foaming agent, stirring for 95s, adding a composite catalyst, uniformly stirring, quickly pouring into a mold, conveying the mold into a far-infrared heating furnace, regulating the temperature to 92 ℃ for prefoaming for 65min, and then heating to 108 ℃ for high-temperature baking for 98 min.
Test example
The following test results were obtained by testing the physical properties of the melamine waterproof foams prepared in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 5, and the specific test results are shown in Table 1.
The specific detection method comprises the following steps: the tensile strength and the elongation at break are tested according to the regulation of GB/T6344-2008, and the mass moisture absorption is tested according to the regulation of GB/T5480-2008.
Table 1: physical property test results of the melamine waterproof foams prepared in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 5;
according to the test data, the tensile strength, the elongation at break and the waterproof performance of the melamine resin are obviously improved after the melamine resin is modified by adopting the formaldehyde and the hexamethylenetetramine; the potassium acetate and the ammonium chloride in the composite catalyst have a synergistic effect with each other.
The light melamine waterproof foam plastic and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The light melamine waterproof foam plastic is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 2-5% of surfactant, 0.5-1.2% of composite catalyst, 3-8% of foaming agent and the balance of modified melamine formaldehyde resin.
2. The lightweight melamine waterproof foam plastic according to claim 1, wherein the modified melamine formaldehyde resin is formaldehyde, hexamethylenetetramine modified melamine resin.
3. The lightweight melamine waterproof foam according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is any one or a combination of tween-40, tween-80 and OP-10.
4. The lightweight melamine waterproof foam according to claim 1, wherein said composite catalyst is a mixture of potassium acetate and ammonium chloride.
5. The lightweight melamine waterproof foam according to claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of potassium acetate to ammonium chloride is 100: (30-55).
6. The lightweight melamine waterproof foam as claimed in claim 1, wherein said blowing agent is any one of methylene chloride, isopentane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, n-butane.
7. The lightweight melamine waterproof foam according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is produced by a process comprising the steps of:
a, adding 35-40% of formaldehyde aqueous solution, hexamethylenetetramine and water into a container, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixed solution; adjusting the pH value of the first mixed solution to 9.0-9.5 by using 25-35% sodium hydroxide solution, gradually heating to 80-90 ℃, adding melamine when the temperature is raised to 62-67 ℃, and maintaining the pH value to be not lower than 8.0; after the color of the reaction system becomes clear, continuing the reaction, testing the water mixing number, adding triethanolamine and dendritic polymer when the water mixing number reaches 100-150%, uniformly stirring, and cooling to room temperature to obtain modified melamine-formaldehyde resin;
b, mixing potassium acetate and ammonium chloride in proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite catalyst;
preheating the modified melamine formaldehyde resin to 30-35 ℃, adding a surfactant and a foaming agent, stirring for 90-120s, adding a composite catalyst, uniformly stirring, quickly pouring into a mold, feeding the mold into a far-infrared heating furnace, regulating the temperature to 90-95 ℃ for pre-foaming for 60-75min, heating to 105-110 ℃, and baking for 90-105min to obtain the melamine formaldehyde resin.
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| CN109134794A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2019-01-04 | 西南林业大学 | Modified melamine-formaldehyde resin and preparation method |
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| US3594343A (en) * | 1967-09-12 | 1971-07-20 | Monsanto Co | Phenolic-urea hot box resin system |
| US4123579A (en) * | 1977-03-30 | 1978-10-31 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Resin coated substrate using a short-set, high-flow melamine-formaldehyde impregnating resin |
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