CN111484724A - Polyurethane composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Polyurethane composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111484724A CN111484724A CN202010085726.5A CN202010085726A CN111484724A CN 111484724 A CN111484724 A CN 111484724A CN 202010085726 A CN202010085726 A CN 202010085726A CN 111484724 A CN111484724 A CN 111484724A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/141—Hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/009—Use of pretreated compounding ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0095—Mixtures of at least two compounding ingredients belonging to different one-dot groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/14—Saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. butane; Unspecified hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2423/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2423/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2423/06—Polyethene
Abstract
The invention discloses a polyurethane composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of polyurethane materials. Comprises 100-120 parts of polyurethane, 10-20 parts of modifier, 5-10 parts of filler, 5-10 parts of flame retardant and 10-20 parts of physical foaming agent. According to the invention, the hollow glass beads are added into the polyurethane as a filler, so that the limited oxygen index can be greatly improved, and the polyurethane has a good flame retardant effect; the hollow glass beads have the characteristics of high compressive strength and high melting point, can improve the elasticity and strength of the composite material, enhance the flame retardance and improve the use safety of the polyurethane material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of polyurethane materials, in particular to a polyurethane composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The rigid polyurethane foam is a high molecular polymer prepared by mixing isocyanate and polyether serving as main raw materials through special equipment under the action of various auxiliary agents such as a foaming agent, a catalyst, a flame retardant and the like and performing high-pressure spraying and on-site foaming. The polyurethane rigid foam body is a novel synthetic material with heat preservation and waterproof functions, has low heat conductivity coefficient, is only 0.022-0.033W/(m × K), is equivalent to half of an extruded sheet, and has the lowest heat conductivity coefficient in all the heat preservation materials at present. The hard polyurethane foam plastic is mainly applied to heat preservation of building outer walls, integration of roof waterproof and heat preservation, heat preservation and heat insulation of refrigerators, pipeline heat preservation materials, building boards, refrigerated trucks, cold storage heat insulation materials and the like. The polyurethane rigid foam has porosity and higher strength; however, the high-strength rigid polyurethane foam has weak elasticity and low flame retardance, is easy to cause fire, and increases potential safety hazards.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a polyurethane composite material with good elasticity, high strength and good flame retardant effect, and further provides a preparation method of the polyurethane composite material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a polyurethane composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of polyurethane, 10-20 parts of modifier, 5-10 parts of filler, 5-10 parts of flame retardant and 10-20 parts of physical foaming agent.
Further, the polyurethane composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-110 parts of polyurethane, 15-20 parts of modifier, 5-8 parts of filler, 5-8 parts of flame retardant and 15-20 parts of physical foaming agent.
Further, the polyurethane composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyurethane, 18 parts of modifier, 6 parts of filler, 6 parts of flame retardant and 18 parts of physical foaming agent.
Further, the filler is hollow glass beads, the particle size of the hollow glass beads is 50-60 mu m, and the wall thickness of the hollow glass beads is 2 mu m.
Further, the modifier is modified graphene.
Further, the flame retardant is a mixture of an aluminum hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer and a magnesium hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer, and the ratio of the aluminum hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer to the magnesium hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer is 1: (0.2-1).
Preferably, the ratio of the aluminum hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer to the magnesium hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer is 1: 0.5. the polyethylene is low density polyethylene.
Further, the foaming agent is one or more of n-pentane, isopentane, cyclopentane and n-butane.
A preparation method of a polyurethane composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing nano graphene and ferroferric oxide, and modifying the ferroferric oxide on the nano graphene by adopting a chemical deposition method to obtain modified graphene;
(2) fully mixing liquid polyurethane with a flame retardant and a physical foaming agent, and foaming for 0.5-2h to obtain a foamed product;
(3) and (3) fully mixing the foamed material obtained in the step (2) with a modifier and a filler, injecting the mixture into a mold, placing the mold with the material into a magnetic field for magnetic field interference for 5-10min, taking out, molding and drying to obtain the polyurethane composite material.
The polyurethane composite material and the preparation method thereof have the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the hollow glass beads are added into the polyurethane as a filler, so that the limited oxygen index can be greatly improved, and the polyurethane has a good flame retardant effect; the hollow glass beads have the characteristics of high compressive strength and high melting point, and can improve the elasticity and strength of the composite material.
(2) The modifier added in the invention is magnetic graphene, and the magnetic graphene can be orderly arranged under the action of a magnetic field after being added, so that an array protection layer is formed on polyurethane, polyurethane foam can be softened, and the elasticity of the composite material is improved.
(3) The flame retardant is a mixture of aluminum hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer and magnesium hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer, and the flame retardant and the magnesium hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer can improve the flame retardance of the polyurethane material and improve the use safety of the polyurethane material according to a specific proportion.
Detailed Description
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. It should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment contains only a single technical solution, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should take the description as a whole, and the technical solutions in the embodiments may be appropriately combined to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially. The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A polyurethane composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyurethane, 10 parts of modified graphene, 5 parts of hollow glass beads, 5 parts of a flame retardant and 10 parts of a physical foaming agent.
In this example, the particle size of the hollow glass beads was 50 μm, and the wall thickness of the hollow glass beads was 2 μm.
In this embodiment, the flame retardant is an aluminum hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer and a magnesium hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer in a ratio of 1: 1;
the physical blowing agent in this example was n-pentane.
The preparation method of the polyurethane composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing nano graphene and ferroferric oxide, and modifying the ferroferric oxide on the nano graphene by adopting a chemical deposition method to obtain modified graphene;
(2) fully mixing liquid polyurethane with a flame retardant and a physical foaming agent, and foaming for 0.5h to obtain a foamed material;
(3) fully mixing the foamed material obtained in the step (2) with a modifier and a filler, injecting the mixture into a mold, placing the mold with the material into a magnetic field, and interfering the magnetic field for 5min, wherein the modified graphene in the polyurethane material can be arranged in a certain sequence under the action of the magnetic field; taking out, molding and drying to obtain the polyurethane composite material.
Example 2
A polyurethane composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 120 parts of polyurethane, 20 parts of modified graphene, 10 parts of hollow glass beads, 10 parts of flame retardant and 20 parts of physical foaming agent.
In this example, the particle size of the hollow glass beads was 50 μm, and the wall thickness of the hollow glass beads was 2 μm.
In this embodiment, the flame retardant is an aluminum hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer and a magnesium hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer in a ratio of 1: 0.5 of a mixture;
in this example the physical blowing agent was cyclopentane.
The preparation method of the polyurethane composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing nano graphene and ferroferric oxide, and modifying the ferroferric oxide on the nano graphene by adopting a chemical deposition method to obtain modified graphene;
(2) fully mixing liquid polyurethane with a flame retardant and a physical foaming agent, and foaming for 1h to obtain a foamed material;
(3) fully mixing the foamed material obtained in the step (2) with a modifier and a filler, injecting the mixture into a mold, placing the mold with the material into a magnetic field, and interfering the magnetic field for 5min, wherein the modified graphene in the polyurethane material can be arranged in a certain sequence under the action of the magnetic field; taking out, molding and drying to obtain the polyurethane composite material.
Example 3
A polyurethane composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 110 parts of polyurethane, 15 parts of modified graphene, 8 parts of hollow glass beads, 8 parts of a flame retardant and 15 parts of a physical foaming agent.
In this example, the particle size of the hollow glass beads was 50 μm, and the wall thickness of the hollow glass beads was 2 μm.
In this embodiment, the flame retardant is an aluminum hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer and a magnesium hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer in a ratio of 1: 0.2 of a mixture;
in the present example, the physical blowing agent is a mixture of cyclopentane and n-butane in a ratio of 1: 1.
The preparation method of the polyurethane composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing nano graphene and ferroferric oxide, and modifying the ferroferric oxide on the nano graphene by adopting a chemical deposition method to obtain modified graphene;
(2) fully mixing liquid polyurethane with a flame retardant and a physical foaming agent, and foaming for 2 hours to obtain a foamed material;
(3) fully mixing the foamed material obtained in the step (2) with a modifier and a filler, injecting the mixture into a mold, placing the mold with the material into a magnetic field, and interfering the magnetic field for 5min, wherein the modified graphene in the polyurethane material can be arranged in a certain sequence under the action of the magnetic field; taking out, molding and drying to obtain the polyurethane composite material.
Example 4
A polyurethane composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyurethane, 15 parts of modified graphene, 8 parts of hollow glass beads, 8 parts of a flame retardant and 15 parts of a physical foaming agent.
In this example, the particle size of the hollow glass beads was 50 μm, and the wall thickness of the hollow glass beads was 2 μm.
In this embodiment, the flame retardant is an aluminum hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer and a magnesium hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer in a ratio of 1: 0.8 of a mixture;
in the embodiment, the physical foaming agent is isopentane;
the preparation method of the polyurethane composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing nano graphene and ferroferric oxide, and modifying the ferroferric oxide on the nano graphene by adopting a chemical deposition method to obtain modified graphene;
(2) fully mixing liquid polyurethane with a flame retardant and a physical foaming agent, and foaming for 0.5h to obtain a foamed material;
(3) fully mixing the foamed material obtained in the step (2) with a modifier and a filler, injecting the mixture into a mold, placing the mold with the material into a magnetic field, and interfering the magnetic field for 5min, wherein the modified graphene in the polyurethane material can be arranged in a certain sequence under the action of the magnetic field; taking out, molding and drying to obtain the polyurethane composite material.
Example 5
A polyurethane composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyurethane, 18 parts of modified graphene, 6 parts of hollow glass beads, 6 parts of a flame retardant and 18 parts of a physical foaming agent.
In this example, the particle size of the hollow glass beads was 50 μm, and the wall thickness of the hollow glass beads was 2 μm.
In this embodiment, the flame retardant is an aluminum hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer and a magnesium hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer in a ratio of 1: 0.6 of a mixture;
in the embodiment, the physical foaming agent is a mixture of n-pentane and n-butane in a ratio of 1: 1;
the preparation method of the polyurethane composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing nano graphene and ferroferric oxide, and modifying the ferroferric oxide on the nano graphene by adopting a chemical deposition method to obtain modified graphene;
(2) fully mixing liquid polyurethane with a flame retardant and a physical foaming agent, and foaming for 0.5h to obtain a foamed material;
(3) fully mixing the foamed material obtained in the step (2) with a modifier and a filler, injecting the mixture into a mold, placing the mold with the material into a magnetic field, and interfering the magnetic field for 5min, wherein the modified graphene in the polyurethane material can be arranged in a certain sequence under the action of the magnetic field; taking out, molding and drying to obtain the polyurethane composite material.
Example 6
A polyurethane composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyurethane, 18 parts of modifier, 6 parts of filler, 6 parts of flame retardant and 18 parts of physical foaming agent.
In this example, the particle size of the hollow glass beads was 50 μm, and the wall thickness of the hollow glass beads was 2 μm.
In this embodiment, the flame retardant is an aluminum hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer and a magnesium hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer in a ratio of 1: 0.6 of a mixture;
in this example, the physical blowing agent was n-butane;
the preparation method of the polyurethane composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing nano graphene and ferroferric oxide, and modifying the ferroferric oxide on the nano graphene by adopting a chemical deposition method to obtain modified graphene;
(2) fully mixing liquid polyurethane with a flame retardant and a physical foaming agent, and foaming for 0.5h to obtain a foamed material;
(3) fully mixing the foamed material obtained in the step (2) with a modifier and a filler, injecting the mixture into a mold, placing the mold with the material into a magnetic field, and interfering the magnetic field for 5min, wherein the modified graphene in the polyurethane material can be arranged in a certain sequence under the action of the magnetic field; taking out, molding and drying to obtain the polyurethane composite material.
Control group
Comparative example 1: a polyurethane composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyurethane, 18 parts of modified graphene, 6 parts of a flame retardant and 18 parts of a physical foaming agent. Wherein the flame retardant is an aluminum hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer and a magnesium hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer according to the proportion of 1: 0.6 of a mixture; wherein the physical foaming agent is the mixture of n-pentane and n-butane according to the ratio of 1: 1.
Comparative example 2: a polyurethane composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyurethane, 18 parts of modified graphene, 6 parts of hollow glass beads and 18 parts of physical foaming agent. Wherein the physical foaming agent is the mixture of n-pentane and n-butane according to the ratio of 1: 1.
Comparative example 3: a polyurethane composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyurethane, 6 parts of hollow glass beads, 6 parts of flame retardant and 18 parts of physical foaming agent. Wherein the flame retardant is an aluminum hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer and a magnesium hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer according to the proportion of 1: 0.6 of a mixture; wherein the physical foaming agent is the mixture of n-pentane and n-butane according to the ratio of 1: 1.
The comparative examples 1 to 3 were prepared in the same manner as in example 5.
The polyurethane composites obtained in comparative examples 1 to 3 and example 5 were aged at normal temperature (25. + -. 3 ℃ C.) for 24 hours and then tested for relevant properties. The obtained mass data are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the strength, the rebound resilience and the flame retardant coefficient obtained in example 5 are greatly higher than those of the materials of comparative examples 1-3, the elasticity and the strength of the material are high, the flame retardance is good, and the use safety of the polyurethane material is improved.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, and the principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein by using specific examples, and the descriptions of the embodiments are only used to help understanding the principles of the embodiments of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the embodiments of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific implementation manners and application ranges, and in summary, the content of the present description should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A polyurethane composite characterized by: comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of polyurethane, 10-20 parts of modifier, 5-10 parts of filler, 5-10 parts of flame retardant and 10-20 parts of physical foaming agent.
2. The polyurethane composite of claim 1, wherein: comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-110 parts of polyurethane, 15-20 parts of modifier, 5-8 parts of filler, 5-8 parts of flame retardant and 15-20 parts of physical foaming agent.
3. The polyurethane composite of claim 1, wherein: comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyurethane, 18 parts of modifier, 6 parts of filler, 6 parts of flame retardant and 18 parts of physical foaming agent.
4. The polyurethane composite of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the filler is hollow glass beads, the particle size of the hollow glass beads is 50-60 mu m, and the wall thickness of the hollow glass beads is 2 mu m.
5. The polyurethane composite of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the modifier is modified graphene.
6. The polyurethane composite of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the flame retardant is a mixture of an aluminum hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer and a magnesium hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer, and the ratio of the aluminum hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer to the magnesium hydroxide-polyethylene copolymer is 1: (0.2-1).
7. The polyurethane composite of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the foaming agent is one or more of n-pentane, isopentane, cyclopentane and n-butane.
8. A method for preparing a polyurethane composite according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing nano graphene and ferroferric oxide, and modifying the ferroferric oxide on the nano graphene by adopting a chemical deposition method to obtain modified graphene;
(2) fully mixing liquid polyurethane with a flame retardant and a physical foaming agent, and foaming for 0.5-2h to obtain a foamed product;
(3) and (3) fully mixing the foamed material obtained in the step (2) with a modifier and a filler, injecting the mixture into a mold, placing the mold with the material into a magnetic field for magnetic field interference for 5-10min, taking out, molding and drying to obtain the polyurethane composite material.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN114603964A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-06-10 | 浙江汇锋智造科技有限公司 | High-barrier composite new material and production process thereof |
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CN101857692A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2010-10-13 | 南京大学 | PE/magnesium hydroxide composite flame retardant material |
EP2650118A1 (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-16 | IsoBouw Systems B.V. | Fire retardant insulating construction panel |
CN104592477A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-06 | 中北大学 | Preparation method of high-performance magnetic polyurethane elastomer composites |
CN110358042A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-10-22 | 刘家绪 | A kind of inorganic material-modified rigid polyurethane foam and preparation method thereof |
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2020
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CN101857692A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2010-10-13 | 南京大学 | PE/magnesium hydroxide composite flame retardant material |
EP2650118A1 (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-16 | IsoBouw Systems B.V. | Fire retardant insulating construction panel |
CN104592477A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-06 | 中北大学 | Preparation method of high-performance magnetic polyurethane elastomer composites |
CN110358042A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-10-22 | 刘家绪 | A kind of inorganic material-modified rigid polyurethane foam and preparation method thereof |
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