CN115874097B - High-plasticity high-heat-conductivity cast magnesium alloy suitable for die casting and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-plasticity high-heat-conductivity cast magnesium alloy suitable for die casting and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000946 Y alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000691 Re alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-heat-conductivity high-plasticity cast magnesium alloy suitable for die casting and a preparation method thereof. The magnesium alloy is cast and synthesized by the following components in percentage by mass: 3.0 to 6.5 percent of Al, 2.0 to 6.0 percent of Zn, 1.0 to 4.0 percent of RE, 1.0 to 3.0 percent of Y, 2.0 to 4.0 percent of RE+Y, and the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities. According to the invention, the type, morphology and size of the second phase in the alloy are regulated and controlled by changing the proportion of the doping elements such as Al, zn, RE, Y in the magnesium alloy, so that the heat conducting property and plasticity of the alloy are enhanced, and the tensile strength, the elongation and the heat conductivity of the gravity casting magnesium alloy are respectively up to 240MPa, 9.0% and more than 90W/(m.K). The invention is also suitable for die casting, and the tensile strength and the thermal conductivity of the die casting alloy respectively reach more than 250MPa, 6.0 percent and 90W/(m.K). The invention further widens the application and popularization of the magnesium alloy in the fields of 5G communication, 3C, automobile products and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of magnesium alloy materials, in particular to a high-strength high-heat-conductivity cast magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof
Background
The magnesium alloy has a series of advantages of small density, high specific strength, excellent damping, shock absorption and noise reduction performance, good casting formability, easy recycling and the like, and is an ideal material for light weight in the fields of 3C products, automobiles and the like. The cast and die-cast magnesium alloy has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, suitability for complex piece production and the like, but the cast and die-cast magnesium alloy commonly used at present has low strength and poor heat conduction performance, and limits the large-scale application of the cast and die-cast magnesium alloy. In order to obtain better fluidity, high strength and excellent corrosion resistance, the cast magnesium alloy is usually added with higher content of Al, so that the alloy has poor heat conduction performance and plasticity, such as the elongation of the conventional die casting magnesium alloy AZ91D is less than 3 percent, and the thermal conductivity is less than 50W/(m.K). Therefore, developing a cast magnesium alloy having high strength and high plasticity and suitable for die casting has extremely important significance for expanding the application of the magnesium alloy in the fields requiring high heat dissipation, such as 5G communication, 3C, automobile products and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior material, the invention aims to provide a high-strength high-plasticity magnesium alloy suitable for die casting and a preparation method thereof. The morphology and the size of the second phase are regulated and controlled by doping Al, zn, RE, Y element in the Mg matrix and changing the proportion of the Al, zn, RE, Y element, so that the effect of improving the strength and the plasticity of the magnesium alloy is achieved. In addition, the addition of high rare earth content can consume a large amount of solid solution elements in the magnesium matrix by forming rare earth-containing intermetallic compounds, thereby ensuring high thermal conductivity of the alloy.
The complete technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
the cast magnesium alloy with high strength and high heat conductivity comprises the following components in percentage by mass: al:3.0 to 6.5 percent, zn: the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 2.0 to 6.0 percent, RE:1.0 to 4.0 percent, Y:1.0 to 3.0 percent, wherein RE is La and Ce, and the mass ratio is La: ce= (1.64-1.96): 1, a step of; the mass sum of La, ce and Y is 2.0-5.0%; the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities;
the high-strength high-heat-conductivity cast magnesium alloy comprises a matrix phase and a second phase, wherein the second phase comprises lamellar Al 11 RE 3 Phase and bulk Al-Zn-Y, the lamellar Al 11 RE 3 The phase size is larger than that of bulk Al-Zn-Y, and the lamellar Al 11 RE 3 The phase volume fraction is between 2 and 5 percent, and the bulk Al-Zn-Y volume fraction is between 0.5 and 2 percent;
when the magnesium alloy is gravity cast, the tensile strength of the gravity cast magnesium alloy is not lower than 240MPa, the elongation is not lower than 9.0%, and the thermal conductivity is not lower than 90W/(m.K).
When the magnesium alloy is subjected to pressure casting, the tensile strength of the pressure casting magnesium alloy is not less than 250MPa.
The preparation method of the cast magnesium alloy with high strength and high heat conductivity comprises the following steps:
(1) Raw material preparation: quantitatively preparing Mg ingots, al ingots, zn ingots, mg-RE alloy and Mg-Y alloy raw materials according to the mass percentage;
(2) Melting: preheating a well-type crucible, loading Mg ingot, and introducing SF6+CO 2 A shielding gas; heating to 710 ℃ after the Mg ingot is melted, adding the Mg-RE alloy and the Mg-Y alloy in batches, and fully stirring after melting; then adding the Al ingot and the Zn ingot, fully and uniformly stirring after melting, and skimming slag to obtain an alloy melt;
(3) Refining: ar gas is introduced into the mixture and the mixture is refined for 30min at 700 ℃;
(4) Casting: after refining, standing for 1h, fishing out surface scum, and casting into ingots by gravity or performing die casting to obtain high-strength high-heat-conductivity gravity casting magnesium alloy or die casting magnesium alloy;
the high-strength high-heat-conductivity cast magnesium alloy is applied to the fields of 5G communication, 3C electronics and automobile products.
The invention has the advantages compared with the prior art that:
in the magnesium alloy, the adopted Al and Zn have higher content, so that good casting performance and strength can be ensured, and the strength can be improved; in addition, rare earth elements with optimized proportion and the reaction of Y with Al and Zn are adopted to generate Al-RE and Al-Zn-Y intermetallic compounds, thereby reducing the content of solid solution elements in the magnesium matrix and enabling the obtained second phase Al to be 11 RE 3 The phase morphology is lamellar, the Al-Zn-Y phase morphology is blocky, and Al 11 RE 3 The volume fraction of the phase is between 2 and 5 percent, and the volume fraction of the Al-Zn-Y is between 0.5 and 2 percent, thereby ensuring high heat conduction performance. By controlling Al, zn, la, ce and Y elementsThe component proportion ensures that the tensile strength of the cast magnesium alloy reaches more than 240MPa, the elongation is up to 9.0 percent, the thermal conductivity is more than 90W/(m.K), and the mechanical property of the magnesium alloy is obviously improved. The tensile strength, the elongation and the thermal conductivity of the die-cast magnesium alloy respectively reach more than 250MPa, 6.0 percent and 90W/(m.K). The method is applicable to popularization in the fields of 5G communication, 3C, automobile products and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1A metallographic photograph of a cast magnesium alloy of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a typical tensile curve of a cast magnesium alloy of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a metallographic photograph of a cast magnesium alloy of example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a typical tensile curve of a cast magnesium alloy of example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a picture of die casting appearance of die casting magnesium alloy of example 8 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a typical drawing curve of die cast magnesium alloy of example 8 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, such as the designed mutual positions and connection relationships between the parts, the roles and working principles of the parts, the manufacturing process and the operation and use method, etc., is provided to help those skilled in the art to more fully, accurately and deeply understand the inventive concept and technical scheme of the present invention.
The design concept of the magnesium alloy component is that firstly, higher Al and Zn contents are adopted, so that the alloy has good casting performance and strength, and meanwhile, excessive solid solution elements in a magnesium matrix can be caused by excessive Al and Zn, so that the heat conductivity of the alloy is influenced, so that in order to consider the strength and the heat conductivity of the alloy, the rare earth element and the Y element with optimized proportions are designed, and react with Al and Zn to generate Al-RE and Al-Zn-Y intermetallic compounds, so that the Al and Zn elements in the alloy are obviously consumed, the content of the solid solution elements in the magnesium matrix is reduced, and the high heat conductivity is ensured. On the basis, the design and test of alloy components prove that the adopted alloy meets the following conditions:
1.7*(W RE +W Y )＜W Al +W Zn ＜2.9*(W RE +W Y ) (1)
2％≤W RE +W Y ≤5％ (2)
in the above formula, W represents each mass percentage content, and subscripts represent each constituent element.
And preferably, the rare earth elements employed are La and Ce, and such that La: ce= (1.64-1.96): 1, a step of; through the composition design, the microstructure of the alloy is thinned, and a second phase Al with a phase morphology of fine lamellar and a phase volume fraction of 2-5% is obtained 11 RE 3 And the phase morphology is fine block, and the volume fraction of the second phase Al-Zn-Y is between 0.5 and 2 percent. The high volume fraction and fine lamellar Al 11 RE 3 And the blocky Al-Zn-Y intermetallic compound has smaller influence on the heat conducting performance of the alloy, but can provide higher strengthening effect, reduce crack initiation and expansion to realize higher elongation, and ensure good toughness of the alloy. The tensile strength of the cast magnesium alloy reaches more than 240MPa, the elongation is up to 9.0%, the thermal conductivity is more than 90W/(m.K), and the mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy are obviously improved by regulating and controlling the component proportion of Al, zn, la, ce and Y elements. The tensile strength, the elongation and the thermal conductivity of the die-cast magnesium alloy respectively reach more than 250MPa, 6.0 percent and 90W/(m.K). The method is applicable to popularization in the fields of 5G communication, 3C, automobile products and the like.
In this embodiment, the following raw materials are used:
mg ingot: the purity is 99.5 percent. Al ingot: the purity was 99.7%. Zn ingot: the purity was 99.7%. Mg-RE master alloy: mg-20CeLa alloy (CeLa is a misch metal, comprising 65 wt% Ce,34.5 wt% La, the remainder being impurities). Mg-30Y alloy.
The following is a detailed description of specific embodiments.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the magnesium alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: al 4.0%, zn 4.0%, RE 3.0%, Y1.0%, and the balance Mg and unavoidable impurities. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Raw material preparation: quantitatively preparing Mg ingots, al ingots, mg-RE intermediate alloy raw materials and Mg-30Y intermediate alloy raw materials according to the mass percentage;
(2) Melting: preheating a well-type crucible, loading Mg ingot, and introducing SF 6 +CO 2 A shielding gas; heating to 710 ℃ after the Mg ingot is melted, adding the Mg-RE alloy and the Mg-Y alloy in batches, and fully stirring after melting; then adding the Al ingot and the Zn ingot, fully and uniformly stirring after melting, and skimming slag to obtain an alloy melt;
(3) Refining: ar gas is introduced into the mixture and the mixture is refined for 30min at 700 ℃;
(4) Pouring: after refining, standing for 30min, fishing out the surface scum, and then pouring, wherein the temperature of a pouring die is 200 ℃.
FIG. 1 shows the SEM structure of as-cast magnesium alloy of example 1. As is apparent from FIG. 1, the magnesium alloy of example 1 has a cast structure in which a large number of coarse lamellar Al are present 11 RE 3 The phase and a small amount of fine massive Al-Zn-Y phase are uniformly distributed, and the microstructure is favorable for obtaining high strength and high plasticity. The thermal conductivity of the as-cast magnesium alloy was 109.5W/(mK). FIG. 2 shows typical tensile curves for the as-cast alloy, with tensile strength and elongation of 240MPa and 10.7%, respectively.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the magnesium alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: al 4.0%, zn 4.0%, RE 2.0%, Y2.0%, and the balance Mg and unavoidable impurities. The high heat conductivity and high plasticity cast magnesium alloy of this example was prepared as in example 1.
FIG. 3 shows the SEM structure of as-cast magnesium alloy of example 2. It can be seen that the microstructure second phase of the cast magnesium alloy of example 1 is predominantly of massive coarse lamellar Al 11 RE 3 Phase and small amount of fine lump Al-Zn-Y. The thermal conductivity of the as-cast magnesium alloy was 106.1W/(mK). A typical tensile curve for this cast alloy is shown in FIG. 4, with 240MPa and 15.7% tensile strength and elongation thermal conductivity, respectively.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the magnesium alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: al 4.0%, zn 4.0%, RE 1.0%, Y3.0%, and the balance Mg and unavoidable impurities.
The high strength and high plasticity cast magnesium alloy of this example was prepared as in example 1. The thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the cast magnesium alloy obtained in this example are shown in table 1.
Example 4
In this embodiment, the magnesium alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: al 3.0%, zn 4.0%, RE 3.0%, Y1.0%, and the balance Mg and unavoidable impurities.
(1) Raw material preparation: quantitatively preparing Mg ingots, al ingots, mg-RE intermediate alloy and Mg-30Y intermediate alloy raw materials according to the mass percentage;
(2) Melting: preheating a well type crucible, filling an Mg ingot, and introducing SF6+CO2 protective gas; heating to 710 ℃ after the Mg ingot is melted, adding the Mg-Y alloy, and fully stirring after melting; then adding the Al ingot and the Zn ingot, fully and uniformly stirring after melting, and skimming slag to obtain an alloy melt;
(3) Refining: ar gas is introduced into the mixture and the mixture is refined for 30min at 700 ℃;
(4) Pouring: standing for 30min after refining is finished, fishing out surface scum, and casting into ingots to obtain the cast high-strength high-plasticity alloy;
the mechanical properties and thermal conductivities of the cast magnesium alloys obtained in this example are shown in table 1.
Example 5
In this embodiment, the magnesium alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: al 3.0%, zn 4.0%, RE 1.0%, Y3.0%, and the balance Mg and unavoidable impurities.
The high heat conductivity and high plasticity cast magnesium alloy of this example was prepared as in example 1. The thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the cast magnesium alloy obtained in this example are shown in table 1.
Example 6
In this embodiment, the magnesium alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6.0% of Al, 4.0% of Zn, 3.0% of RE, 1.0% of Y and the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities.
The high heat conductivity and high plasticity cast magnesium alloy of this example was prepared as in example 1. The thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the cast magnesium alloy obtained in this example are shown in table 1.
Example 7
In this embodiment, the magnesium alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6% of Al, 5.5% of Zn, 1.0% of RE, 3.0% of Y and the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities.
The high strength and high plasticity cast magnesium alloy of this example was prepared as in example 1. The thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the cast magnesium alloy obtained in this example are shown in table 1.
Example 8
The embodiment provides a high-strength high-plasticity magnesium alloy suitable for die casting, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
6.0% of Al, 5.5% of Zn, 3.0% of RE, 1.0% of Y and the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Raw material preparation: quantitatively preparing Mg ingots, al ingots, mg-RE intermediate alloys and Mg-Y alloy raw materials according to the mass percentage;
(2) Melting: preheating a well type crucible, filling an Mg ingot, and introducing SF6+CO2 protective gas; heating to 710 ℃ after the Mg ingot is melted, adding the Mg-RE alloy and the Mg-Y alloy in batches, and fully stirring after melting; then adding the Al ingot and the Zn ingot, fully and uniformly stirring after melting, and skimming slag to obtain an alloy melt;
(3) Refining: ar gas is introduced into the mixture and the mixture is refined for 30min at 700 ℃;
(4) Pouring: after refining, standing for 1h, fishing out surface scum, and casting into ingots to obtain the die-casting high-heat-conductivity high-plasticity magnesium alloy;
and (3) melting the prepared magnesium alloy ingot in a side furnace, heating to 680 ℃, fishing out surface scum, and performing die casting molding at the die casting mold temperature of 250 ℃, the injection specific pressure of 40MPa and the filling speed of 5 m/s.
Fig. 5 shows an external view of the magnesium alloy die casting of example 8, and it can be seen that the magnesium alloy die casting of example 8 is excellent in surface quality and formability. The thermal conductivity of the die-cast magnesium alloy was 90.3W/(mK). FIG. 6 shows typical tensile curves for the die cast alloy, with yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of 157MPa, 250MPa and 6.5%, respectively.
TABLE 1
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any simple modification, variation and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The high-strength high-heat-conductivity cast magnesium alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: al:3.0 to 6.5 percent, zn:2.0 to 6.0 percent, RE:1.0 to 4.0 percent, Y:1.0 to 3.0 percent, wherein RE is La and Ce, and the mass ratio is La: ce= (1.64-1.96): 1, a step of; the mass sum of La, ce and Y is 2.0-5.0%; the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities;
the high-strength high-heat-conductivity cast magnesium alloy comprises a matrix phase and a second phase, wherein the second phase comprises lamellar Al 11 RE 3 Phase and bulk Al-Zn-Y, the lamellar Al 11 RE 3 The phase size is larger than that of bulk Al-Zn-Y, and the lamellar Al 11 RE 3 The phase volume fraction is between 2 and 5 percent, and the bulk Al-Zn-Y volume fraction is between 0.5 and 2 percent;
when the magnesium alloy is gravity cast, the tensile strength of the gravity cast magnesium alloy is not lower than 240MPa, the elongation is not lower than 9.0%, and the thermal conductivity is not lower than 90W/(m.K).
2. The high strength and high thermal conductivity cast magnesium alloy according to claim 1, wherein when said magnesium alloy is die cast, the tensile strength of the die cast magnesium alloy is not less than 250MPa.
3. The method for preparing the high-strength high-heat-conductivity cast magnesium alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Raw material preparation: quantitatively preparing Mg ingots, al ingots, zn ingots, mg-RE alloy and Mg-Y alloy raw materials according to the mass percentage;
(2) Melting: preheating a well-type crucible, loading Mg ingot, and introducing SF 6 +CO 2 A shielding gas; heating to 710 ℃ after the Mg ingot is melted, adding the Mg-RE alloy and the Mg-Y alloy in batches, and fully stirring after melting; then adding the Al ingot and the Zn ingot, fully and uniformly stirring after melting, and skimming slag to obtain an alloy melt;
(3) Refining: ar gas is introduced into the mixture and the mixture is refined for 30min at 700 ℃;
(4) Casting: and after refining, standing for 1h, fishing out the surface scum, and casting into ingots or performing die casting by gravity to obtain the cast magnesium alloy with high strength and high heat conductivity.
4. Use of a high strength high thermal conductivity cast magnesium alloy according to any of claims 1-2 in the field of 5G communication, 3C electronics, automotive products.
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