CN115874087A - Die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
In order to solve the problems of high dependence on forming conditions and high forming reject ratio of the existing aluminum alloy for die casting, the invention provides a die casting aluminum alloy which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 9 to 11 percent of Si, 1.8 to 3 percent of Cu, 1 to 1.5 percent of Mg, 0.5 to 1.3 percent of Zn, 0.15 to 0.55 percent of Mn, 0.03 to 0.1 percent of Ti, 0.01 to 0.1 percent of Sr, 0.0015 to 0.015 percent of Mo, 0.02 to 0.45 percent of Hf, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of Fe, 0.001 to 0.4 percent of Cr, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of Ga, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Ca and 0.001 to 0.02 percent of B; the content of N is 1ppm-50ppm, the content of Al is 80.47-87.36%, and the total amount of other elements is less than or equal to 0.5%. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a preparation method of the die-casting aluminum alloy. The invention improves the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy after die casting and meets different die casting requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy materials, and relates to a die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The die-casting aluminum alloy has incomparable advantages of other machined parts, such as high dimensional precision, high production efficiency, excellent economic effect and the like, so that the die-casting aluminum alloy has wide application in industry. The processing steps of the traditional die-casting aluminum alloy comprise: firstly, punching to prepare a die-casting aluminum alloy base material, cleaning, then carrying out surface treatment, then forming a die-casting aluminum alloy part through CNC (computer numerical control) processing, and finally obtaining a die-casting aluminum finished product meeting the appearance requirement through a specific anodic oxidation treatment process. The aluminum alloy as the die casting material has high requirements on mechanical properties such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, melt flowability and the like, and the existing die casting aluminum alloy material cannot give consideration to the strength requirement, elongation requirement and flowability requirement of die casting, so that the control condition precision dependence on a forming process is high during die casting, the influence of small fluctuation of process parameters is large, and the problems of cracks, internal bubbles, deformation and the like are easily generated in the die casting process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the problems of high dependence of the existing aluminum alloy for die-casting on forming conditions and high forming reject ratio.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
on one hand, the invention provides a die-casting aluminum alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
9 to 11 percent of Si, 1.8 to 3 percent of Cu, 1 to 1.5 percent of Mg, 0.5 to 1.3 percent of Zn, 0.15 to 0.55 percent of Mn, 0.03 to 0.1 percent of Ti, 0.01 to 0.1 percent of Sr, 0.0015 to 0.015 percent of Mo, 0.02 to 0.45 percent of Hf, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of Fe, 0.001 to 0.4 percent of Cr, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of Ga, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Ca and 0.001 to 0.02 percent of B; the content of N is 1ppm-50ppm, the content of Al is 80.47-87.36%, and the total amount of other elements is less than or equal to 0.5%.
Optionally, the die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
9 to 11 percent of Si, 2.35 to 2.6 percent of Cu, 1.15 to 1.4 percent of Mg, 0.52 to 1.17 percent of Zn, 0.15 to 0.45 percent of Mn, 0.06 to 0.08 percent of Ti, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of Sr, 0.005 to 0.015 percent of Mo, 0.025 to 0.045 percent of Hf, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of Fe, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of Cr, 0.01 to 0.035 percent of Ga, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Ca and 0.01 to 0.02 percent of B; the content of N is 15ppm-30ppm, the content of Al is 81.8-86.4%, and the total amount of other elements is less than or equal to 0.5%.
Optionally, in the die-cast aluminum alloy, the mass percentage content of Cu and Mg satisfies the condition: 1.8 composed of woven fabric (Cu): mg <2.
Optionally, in the die-casting aluminum alloy, the mass percentage content of Zn and Mg satisfies the condition: 0.5P Zn: mg <0.9.
Optionally, in the die-casting aluminum alloy, the mass percentage content of Sr, mo and Si satisfies the condition: (Sr + Mo): si = (3-8): 2000.
optionally, in the die-cast aluminum alloy, N and B are derived from the addition of AlN/BN complex-phase nano-ceramics, wherein the mass ratio of AlN to BN satisfies the condition: alN is not less than 1: BN is less than or equal to 1.5; the mass percentage content of Hf and N meets the condition that: 12.5 Once Hf: n <22.5.
Optionally, in the die-casting aluminum alloy, the mass percentage content of Ti and N satisfies the condition: ti: n = (20-45): 1.
optionally, in the die-cast aluminum alloy, the mass percentage content of Mn and Cr satisfies the condition: mn +2.98Cr >.
Optionally, in the die-casting aluminum alloy, the mass percentage contents of Mn, cr, and Ga satisfy the condition: (Mn +2.98 Cr): ga is more than or equal to 22.5:1.
optionally, the other elements include one or more of Ba, be, bi, cd, ce, co, pb, sn, li, and Na, wherein the mass percentage of a single element is less than or equal to 0.002%.
Optionally, the yield strength of the die-casting aluminum alloy is greater than or equal to 280MPa, the tensile strength is greater than or equal to 380MPa, and the elongation at break is greater than or equal to 3%.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a die-cast aluminum alloy as described above, comprising the following steps:
weighing Al agent, si agent, cu agent, mn agent, fe agent, cr agent, ti agent, ga agent, zn agent and excessive Ca agent in required proportion parts according to the element proportion in the aluminum alloy, and adding the weighed materials into a smelting furnace for smelting to obtain a melt;
refining the melt by using a refining agent, removing a Ca agent, introducing inert gas, and removing scum;
weighing Mg agent in required proportion, and adding the Mg agent into the smelting furnace;
respectively weighing Sr agent and Mo agent in required proportion for modification treatment;
adding Al-AlN/BN complex-phase nano ceramic and Hf agent in required proportion, refining, and casting to obtain aluminum alloy cast ingot;
and die-casting the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
Optionally, the adding mass of Ca element in the Ca agent added in the smelting process is 0.1-0.5%.
Optionally, the method for removing the Ca agent comprises:
adding AlF 3 Removing the Ca agent;
or, introducing chlorine or carbon tetrachloride Ca removing agent by taking the inert gas as a carrier.
Optionally, the aluminum alloy after die-casting is subjected to artificial aging treatment, and is placed at normal temperature for 1-2 days and then subjected to hot pressing treatment, wherein the temperature of the hot pressing treatment is 250-270 ℃, and the aluminum alloy is placed at normal temperature for 1-3 days after hot pressing.
According to the die-casting aluminum alloy provided by the invention, the properties of yield strength, tensile strength, elongation at break and the like of the aluminum alloy are enhanced through the limitation of the proportion of each element component, the application field of the aluminum alloy after die-casting is further expanded, meanwhile, the improvement of the mechanical strength and the fluidity of the aluminum alloy has important improvement on the adaptability of the aluminum alloy under different die-casting conditions, and the sensitivity of the aluminum alloy to the die-casting conditions is reduced, so that the die-casting aluminum alloy can form a die-casting part with better continuity, smooth surface layer and less internal defects under the control of different pressure, temperature, forming thickness conditions and other die-casting parameters.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a die-casting aluminum alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
9 to 11 percent of Si, 1.8 to 3 percent of Cu, 1 to 1.5 percent of Mg, 0.5 to 1.3 percent of Zn, 0.15 to 0.55 percent of Mn, 0.03 to 0.1 percent of Ti, 0.01 to 0.1 percent of Sr, 0.0015 to 0.015 percent of Mo, 0.02 to 0.45 percent of Hf, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of Fe, 0.001 to 0.4 percent of Cr, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of Ga, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Ca and 0.001 to 0.02 percent of B; the content of N is 1ppm-50ppm, the content of Al is 80.47-87.36%, and the total amount of other elements is less than or equal to 0.5%.
In the die-casting aluminum alloy, the properties of yield strength, tensile strength, elongation at break and the like of the aluminum alloy are strengthened through the limitation of the proportion of each element component, the application field of the die-cast aluminum alloy is further expanded, meanwhile, the improvement of the mechanical strength and the fluidity of the die-casting aluminum alloy has important promotion on the adaptability of the aluminum alloy under different die-casting conditions, the sensitivity of the aluminum alloy to the die-casting conditions is reduced, and the die-casting part with better continuity, smooth surface layer and less internal defects can be formed under the control of different pressure, temperature, forming thickness conditions and other die-casting parameters.
In a preferred embodiment, the die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
9 to 11 percent of Si, 2.35 to 2.6 percent of Cu, 1.15 to 1.4 percent of Mg, 0.52 to 1.17 percent of Zn, 0.15 to 0.45 percent of Mn, 0.06 to 0.08 percent of Ti, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of Sr, 0.005 to 0.015 percent of Mo, 0.025 to 0.045 percent of Hf, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of Fe, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of Cr, 0.01 to 0.035 percent of Ga, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Ca and 0.01 to 0.02 percent of B; the content of N is 15ppm-30ppm, the content of Al is 81.8-86.4%, and the total amount of other elements is less than or equal to 0.5%.
In other specific embodiments, the Si content may be selected from 9.0%, 9.2%, 9.5%, 9.9%, 10.2%, 10.5%, 10.7%, or 11.0%; the Cu content may be selected from 1.8%, 1.9%, 2.0%, 2.2%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.7%, 2.9% or 3.0%; the content of Mg may be selected from 1%, 1.1%, 1.3%, 1.4% or 1.5%; the Zn content may be selected from 0.53%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.72%, 0.76%, 0.79%, 0.83%, 0.88%, 0.9%, 1.1%, 1.2% or 1.3%; the content of Mn may be selected from 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.24%, 0.3%, 0.36%, 0.4%, 0.45% or 0.5%; the content of Ti can be selected from 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.07%, 0.09% or 0.1%; the Sr content may be selected from 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.07%, 0.09%, or 0.1%; the content of Mo may be selected from 0.0015%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.008%, 0.010%, 0.012% or 0.015%; the content of Hf may be selected from 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.24%, 0.3%, 0.36%, 0.4% or 0.45%, the content of Fe is 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.24%, 0.3%, 0.36% or 0.4%, the content of Cr is 0.0001%, 0.0005%, 0.01%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.24%, 0.3%, 0.36% or 0.4%, the content of Ga is 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04% or 0.05%, the content of Ca is 0.015%, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.07%, 0.09%, 0.1% or 0.15%, the content of B is 0.0015%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.008%, 0.010%, 0.012%, 0.015%, 0.02%, or 0.02%; the content of N is 1ppm, 5ppm, 9ppm, 12ppm, 20ppm, 25ppm, 31ppm, 36ppm, 42ppm or 50ppm.
In the die-casting aluminum alloy, each element does not act alone, but acts in association with each other, and the increase or decrease of any element can change the action effect of other elements, thereby changing the overall performance of the die-casting aluminum alloy, and the relationship among the elements in the invention is explained by specific examples as follows:
9 to 11 percent of Si, 1 to 1.5 percent of Mg, 1.8 to 3 percent of Cu and 0.5 to 1.3 percent of Zn, and Mg can be generated by interaction through the addition of the elements 2 Si、 Al 2 Cu and Al 4 Mg 5 Si 4 Cu 4 Phase contributing to the improvement of strength of the aluminum alloy material, wherein Al 4 Mg 5 Si 4 Cu 4 The strengthening effect of the phase is optimal, and the obtained die-casting aluminum alloy has better heat resistance, can resist the high temperature of 250-300 ℃, and is suitable for being used at higher temperature.
In some embodiments, the die-cast aluminum alloy includes Cu and Mg in a mass percentage content satisfying a condition: 1.8 composed of woven fabric (Cu): mg <2.
When Cu and Mg are added in the above-mentioned ratio range, mg is formed in the aluminum alloy structure 2 Less Si phase and more Al 4 Mg 5 Si 4 Cu 4 And Al 2 The Cu phase can maintain the strength of the material and enhance the toughness of the material.
In a preferred embodiment, the die-cast aluminum alloy has a content of Zn and Mg in mass percent satisfying the condition: 0.5 straw Zn: mg <0.9.
The range of the ratio of Zn to Mg is further limited within the above range of the ratio of Cu to Mg, and Cu promotes MgZn 2 The formation of the phase can further improve the strength of the aluminum alloy.
In some embodiments, the content of Sr, mo, and Si in mass% in the die-cast aluminum alloy satisfies the condition: (Sr + Mo): si = (3-8): 2000.
in the die-casting aluminum alloy, the form of Si can be improved through the composite modification treatment of Sr and Mo, eutectic silicon coarse acicular structures distributed in the alloy and capable of cutting a matrix become fibrous or densely branched to improve the performance of the alloy, sr and Mo are jointly modified to play a role of continuously blocking twin crystal grooves to promote the silicon phase to change the growth direction, so that the silicon phase is branched, refined and form tends to be spheroidized, and when the mass percentage content of Sr, mo and Si meets (Sr and Mo): si = (3-8): the effect is best when the temperature is 2000 ℃, and the eutectic silicon is fibrous, so that the extensibility of the material is improved.
In some embodiments, in the die-casting aluminum alloy, N and B are derived from the addition of AlN/BN complex-phase nano-ceramic, wherein the mass ratio of AlN to BN satisfies the condition: alN is not less than 1: BN is less than or equal to 1.5; the mass percentage content of Hf and N meets the condition that: 12.5 Tni Hf: n <22.5.
Hf, ti, alN/BN complex phase nano-ceramics and the like can provide heterogeneous crystal nucleus Hf during the solidification of molten metal 3 Al，AlTi 3 The AlN/BN complex phase nano ceramic plays a role in providing nucleation points, hindering the growth of crystal grains and enhancing the refinement of alloy structures.
Wherein, when AlN is not less than 1: when BN is less than or equal to 1.5, the composite refining effect generated by the AlN/BN complex-phase nano-ceramic is optimal, clusters can be inhibited from being generated in a crystal boundary through interaction, and the AlN/BN complex-phase nano-ceramic can provide more nucleation points.
When the mass percentage content of Hf and N meets the condition: 12.5 Tni Hf: when N is less than 22.5, the distribution of the enhanced phase is more uniform, the microstructure is mostly within 100nm, the refining effect of crystal grains can be promoted, the deposition of N, B and Hf in the molten aluminum due to interaction can be prevented at high temperature, and the effects of weakening, refining and deterioration caused by excessive addition of B and Sr due to reaction of excessive addition of B can be avoided.
Due to the interaction between N and Ti, in a preferred embodiment, the die-casting aluminum alloy needs to make the mass percentage content of Ti and N meet the condition: ti: n = (20-45): 1, the strength and the toughness are improved at the same time.
In the die-casting aluminum alloy, fe, mn and Cr can improve the flowability of the material and prevent die sticking. However, if the Fe content is too high, acicular Al is likely to be generated 9 Fe 2 Si 2 The phase appears and is not beneficial to improving the strength of the aluminum alloy, so the content of Fe needs to be controlled, the Fe can be replaced by elements such as Cr, mn and the like, but the content of Fe can not be lower than 0.1 percent, and the alloy strength can be improved by adding 0.2 percent of MnCr respectivelyThe elements Mn and Cr can promote the phase transformation of Fe-containing impurity phase at high temperature to convert Al 9 Fe 2 Si 2 Phase transformation to Al 12 Fe 3 Si, further reduces the harm of Fe generation, and an intermetallic compound layer which is not easy to cause sticking, such as Al, can be formed on the surface of the die steel by adding Mn and Cr elements 12 Cr 3 Si, feSiAlCrMnCu and the like form a smooth interface on the surface of the die steel, and the size of the formed intermetallic compound layer is smaller, so that the problem of die sticking of the aluminum alloy can be solved. Specifically, in some embodiments, in the die-cast aluminum alloy, the content of Mn and Cr by mass satisfies the condition: mn +2.98Cr>0.6, which is beneficial for improving the anti-die bonding performance of the aluminum alloy.
In a preferred embodiment, in the die-cast aluminum alloy, the mass percentages of Mn, cr and Ga satisfy the condition: (Mn +2.98 Cr): ga is more than or equal to 22.5:1.
when Mn and Cr are in the addition range, the enrichment of Ga at crystal boundary can be reduced, ga is distributed in a dispersion shape and does not generate segregation, meanwhile, the enrichment of Fe element is reduced at alpha-Al crystal boundary, the tendency of generating Rehbinder effect of aluminum alloy is reduced, the structure of the alloy is improved, and the material performance is improved.
It should be noted that the above is based on only the principle conjecture of the function between elements, and in most cases, it is necessary to obtain the die-casting aluminum alloy with specific element ratio through specific tests to know the real mechanical property of the alloy.
In some embodiments, the other elements include one or more of Ba, be, bi, cd, ce, co, pb, sn, li, na, wherein the mass percentage of the individual elements is 0.002% or less.
In some embodiments, the die-cast aluminum alloy has a yield strength of 280MPa or more, a tensile strength of 380MPa or more, and an elongation at break of 3% or more.
It should be noted that the mechanical properties of the above-mentioned die-cast aluminum alloy are measured after artificial aging.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for producing a die-cast aluminum alloy as described above, comprising the following operation steps:
weighing Al agent, si agent, cu agent, mn agent, fe agent, cr agent, ti agent, ga agent, zn agent and excessive Ca agent in required proportion parts according to the element proportion in the aluminum alloy, and adding the weighed materials into a smelting furnace for smelting to obtain a melt;
refining the melt by using a refining agent, removing a Ca agent, introducing inert gas, and removing scum;
weighing Mg agent in required proportion, and adding the Mg agent into the smelting furnace;
respectively weighing Sr agent and Mo agent in required proportion for modification treatment;
adding Al-AlN/BN complex phase nano-ceramic and Hf agent in required proportion, refining, and casting to obtain aluminum alloy cast ingots;
and die-casting the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
In the present invention, the Al agent, si agent, cu agent, mn agent, fe agent, cr agent, ti agent, ga agent, zn agent, ca agent, mg agent, sr agent, mo agent, and Hf agent are materials capable of providing various elements necessary for producing the die-casting aluminum alloy of the present invention, and may be an intermediate alloy, a metal compound, or a pure metal containing the above elements as long as the composition components in the aluminum alloy obtained after melting the added aluminum alloy raw material are within the above ranges.
According to the preparation method provided by the invention, in the smelting process, the excessive Ca agent is added, the refining agent is added for refining and removing the Ca agent, the Mg agent is added, the Sr agent and the Mo agent are added for modification treatment, and casting and die-casting are carried out to obtain the aluminum alloy provided by the invention.
The AlN/BN complex phase nano ceramic is added, the refining effect can be exerted to the maximum extent, the content of the B element in the alloy is controlled more accurately, and the reaction of B and Sr is prevented, so that the grain refining effect is influenced.
Because the Mg agent is easy to oxidize in the smelting process and is easy to remove in the refining process, the Mg agent is added after refining, so that the content of the Mg element in the aluminum alloy can be accurately controlled, and the utilization efficiency of the raw materials is improved.
In some embodiments, in the smelting process, an Al agent and an Si agent are added, a Ca agent is added, and then a Cu agent, an Mn agent, an Fe agent, a Cr agent, a Ti agent, a Ga agent and a Zn agent are added, so that the improvement of the melting efficiency of the Ca agent on the subsequently added elements is facilitated, and the smelting time is shortened.
In some embodiments, in the modification process, the Sr agent is added for modification, and the Mo agent is added, so that the modification effect of the aluminum liquid can be effectively improved.
In some embodiments, the added mass of the Ca element in the Ca agent added in the smelting process is 0.1-0.5%.
In some embodiments, the method of removing a Ca agent comprises:
adding AlF 3 Removing the Ca agent;
or, chlorine or carbon tetrachloride Ca removing agent is introduced by taking the inert gas as a carrier.
By introducing AlF 3 Reacting chlorine or carbon tetrachloride with Ca agent to generate CaF 2 The Ca agent can be effectively removed, and new impurities are not introduced.
In some embodiments, the refining agent comprises one or both of hexafluoroethane, aluminum refining agent ZS-AJ01C, and the inert gas comprises nitrogen and/or argon.
More preferably, the inert gas is nitrogen.
In some embodiments, the temperature of the refining is 730-750 ℃ and the temperature of the metamorphic treatment is 700-740 ℃.
More preferably, the temperature of the deterioration treatment is 720 ℃.
In some embodiments, in the step of die-casting and forming the aluminum alloy ingot, the die-casting temperature is 680-720 ℃, the speed of a die-casting machine is 1.6-2m/s, and the holding time is 1-3s.
In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy after die-casting is subjected to artificial aging treatment, and is placed at normal temperature for 1-2 days and then is subjected to hot pressing treatment, wherein the temperature of the hot pressing treatment is 250-270 ℃, and the aluminum alloy is placed at normal temperature for 1-3 days after hot pressing.
The hot pressing treatment is carried out on the die-cast aluminum alloy, and the flatness is improved due to the stable performance of the aluminum alloy. The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples.
Table 1 shows the mass percentages (%) of the components of the aluminum alloys of the examples and comparative examples of the present invention, the total mass of the aluminum alloys being 100%, and the mass percentages of the remaining components, excluding the components shown in Table 1, being Al.
TABLE 1
Example 1
This example is illustrative of the aluminum alloy and method of making the same disclosed in the present invention, and includes the following steps:
step 1, preparing by weighing raw materials according to the components of the aluminum alloy shown in the table 1;
step 2, in the smelting process, firstly putting 80% of pure aluminum into a smelting furnace, and adding Al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Ca intermediate alloy when the temperature is raised to about 700 ℃;
step 3, adding Al-Cu, al-Mn, al-Cr, al-Ti, al-Ga intermediate alloy and simple substance Zn when the furnace temperature reaches above 800 ℃, stirring once every 10min, wherein the stirring time is 3min each time, and standing for about 8 min after stirring;
step 4, adding the remaining pure Al, and adjusting the smelting temperature to 760 ℃;
step 5, refining the melt by using a refining agent, wherein the refining agent is blown into the melt together with inert gas to remove redundant Ca elements at the temperature of 730-750 ℃, and skimming the surface scum after refining;
step 6, after the added alloy is completely melted, reducing the temperature to 760 ℃, and adding pure Mg;
step 7, adding Al-10% Sr alloy to modify the melt at the temperature of 720 ℃, and adding Al-8% Mo intermediate alloy to modify the melt;
step 8, adding Al-AlN/BN nano ceramic phase and Al-10.45 percent Hf intermediate alloy at the smelting temperature of 720 ℃, refining, fully stirring after fully smelting, standing for 1min, controlling the melt temperature at 720 ℃, and degassing and casting after component testing.
And 9, crushing the material, and then carrying out vacuum die casting, wherein the die casting temperature is set to be 680-720 ℃, the speed of the die casting machine is 1.6-2m/s, and the heat preservation time is 1-3s.
Step 10, uniformly placing the die-cast samples at normal temperature for 1-2 days, hot-pressing the samples by a metal die, taking out the samples, and placing the samples at the normal temperature for 1-3 days after hot pressing, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 250-270 ℃.
Examples 2 to 66
Examples 2 to 66 are for explaining the aluminum alloy and the method for producing the same disclosed in the present invention, and include most of the operational steps in example 1, except that:
the aluminum alloy compositions shown in examples 2 to 66 in Table 1 were used, and the other operation steps were the same as in example 1.
Comparative examples 1 to 26
Comparative examples 1 to 26 are for comparative purposes to illustrate the aluminum alloy and the method of manufacturing the same disclosed in the present invention, including most of the operating steps of example 1, except that:
the aluminum alloy compositions shown in comparative examples 1 to 26 in Table 1 were used, and the other operation steps were the same as in example 1.
Performance testing
The following performance tests were performed on the aluminum alloys prepared in the above examples 1 to 66 and comparative examples 1 to 26:
the first part of the tensile test is carried out by using GB/T228.1-2010 metal material: the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the material were tested by room temperature test method.
The aluminum alloy prepared from the components is subjected to die casting to form a tensile test bar (the diameter is 6.4mm x the gauge length is 50 mm), an electronic universal tester of the type CMT5105 is adopted for carrying out tensile performance test, the gauge length is 50mm, the loading rate is 2mm/min, measurement data are recorded, six samples are tested at each formulation point, wherein the yield strength, the tensile strength and the elongation are the average values of six data, the relative standard deviation of the yield strength is the percentage of the ratio of the standard deviation of 6 yield strength data to the average value, and the relative standard deviation of the tensile strength is the percentage of the ratio of the standard deviation of 6 tensile strength data to the average value.
And (3) testing the fluidity: the method adopts the die casting of the mosquito-repellent incense die, and the vacuum die casting is carried out after the material is crushed, the die casting temperature is set to be 680-720 ℃, the speed of the die casting machine is 1.5-1.8m/s, and the heat preservation time is 1-3s.
The test results obtained are filled in table 2.
TABLE 2
From the test results in table 2, it can be seen that the die-casting aluminum alloy provided by the invention has excellent yield strength and tensile strength, has better elongation and fluidity on the premise of ensuring the strength, and can meet different die-casting conditions.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. The die-casting aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
9 to 11 percent of Si, 1.8 to 3 percent of Cu, 1 to 1.5 percent of Mg, 0.5 to 1.3 percent of Zn, 0.15 to 0.55 percent of Mn, 0.03 to 0.1 percent of Ti, 0.01 to 0.1 percent of Sr, 0.0015 to 0.015 percent of Mo, 0.02 to 0.45 percent of Hf, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of Fe, 0.001 to 0.4 percent of Cr, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of Ga, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Ca and 0.001 to 0.02 percent of B; the content of N is 1ppm-50ppm, the content of Al is 80.47-87.36%, and the total amount of other elements is less than or equal to 0.5%.
2. The die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
9 to 11 percent of Si, 2.35 to 2.6 percent of Cu, 1.15 to 1.4 percent of Mg, 0.52 to 1.17 percent of Zn, 0.15 to 0.45 percent of Mn, 0.06 to 0.08 percent of Ti, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of Sr, 0.005 to 0.015 percent of Mo, 0.025 to 0.045 percent of Hf, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of Fe, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of Cr, 0.01 to 0.035 percent of Ga, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Ca and 0.01 to 0.02 percent of B; the content of N is 15ppm-30ppm, the content of Al is 81.8-86.4%, and the total amount of other elements is less than or equal to 0.5%.
3. The die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the die-cast aluminum alloy contains Cu and Mg in a mass percentage that satisfies the condition: 1.8 composed of woven fabric (Cu): mg <2.
4. The die-casting aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein the die-casting aluminum alloy contains Zn and Mg in a mass percentage satisfying a condition: 0.5 straw Zn: mg <0.9.
5. The die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the contents of Sr, mo, and Si in mass percentage in the die-cast aluminum alloy satisfy the condition: (Sr + Mo): si = (3-8): 2000.
6. the die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the die-cast aluminum alloy, N and B are derived from the addition of AlN/BN complex-phase nano-ceramic, wherein the mass ratio of AlN to BN satisfies the condition: alN is not less than 1: BN is less than or equal to 1.5; the mass percentage content of Hf and N meets the condition that: 12.5 Tni Hf: n <22.5.
7. The die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein the die-cast aluminum alloy contains Ti and N in a mass percentage satisfying the condition: ti: n = (20-45): 1.
8. the die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the content of Mn and Cr in the die-cast aluminum alloy in percentage by mass satisfies the condition: mn +2.98Cr >.
9. The die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the die-cast aluminum alloy contains Mn, cr, and Ga in a mass percentage that satisfies the condition: (Mn +2.98 Cr): ga is more than or equal to 22.5:1.
10. the die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the other elements include one or more of Ba, be, bi, cd, ce, co, pb, sn, li, na, and wherein the mass percentage of the individual elements is 0.002% or less.
11. The die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1 to 10, wherein the die-cast aluminum alloy has a yield strength of 280MPa or more, a tensile strength of 380MPa or more, and an elongation at break of 3% or more.
12. The method for producing a die-cast aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising the steps of:
weighing Al agent, si agent, cu agent, mn agent, fe agent, cr agent, ti agent, ga agent, zn agent and excessive Ca agent in required proportion according to the element proportion in the aluminum alloy, and adding the Al agent, the Si agent, the Cu agent, the Mn agent, the Fe agent, the Cr agent, the Ti agent, the Ga agent, the Zn agent and the excessive Ca agent into a smelting furnace for smelting to obtain a melt;
refining the melt by using a refining agent, removing a Ca agent, introducing inert gas, and removing scum;
weighing Mg agent in required proportion, and adding the Mg agent into the smelting furnace;
respectively weighing Sr agent and Mo agent in required proportion for modification treatment;
adding Al-AlN/BN complex-phase nano ceramic and Hf agent in required proportion, refining, and casting to obtain aluminum alloy cast ingot;
and die-casting the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
13. The method of producing a die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 12, wherein the Ca element in the Ca agent added during the melting is added in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5% by mass.
14. The production method of the die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 12, wherein the method of removing the Ca agent includes:
adding AlF 3 Removing the Ca agent;
or, chlorine or carbon tetrachloride Ca removing agent is introduced by taking the inert gas as a carrier.
15. The method for producing a die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 12, wherein the aluminum alloy after die-casting is subjected to artificial aging treatment, and is allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 to 2 days and then to be subjected to hot pressing treatment at a temperature of 250 ℃ to 270 ℃, and the aluminum alloy is allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 to 3 days after hot pressing.
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