CN114959387B - High-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.0 to 10 weight percent of copper, 0.1 to 1 weight percent of manganese, 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent of titanium, 0.2 to 0.6 weight percent of scandium, 0.01 to 0.5 weight percent of zirconium, 0.01 to 0.5 weight percent of vanadium, 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent of cadmium, 0.005 to 0.06 weight percent of boron, less than or equal to 0.15 weight percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.06 weight percent of silicon, less than or equal to 0.05 weight percent of magnesium and the balance of aluminum. The preparation method comprises the steps of raw material preparation, smelting, casting, heat treatment and the like. The high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy prepared by the invention can still maintain relatively uniform microstructure, high tensile strength, high creep resistance and proper elongation under the condition of long-time thermal exposure at 350 ℃.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat-resistant aluminum alloy. In particular to a high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The stacking fault energy of the aluminum alloy is high, recovery and recrystallization are easy to occur, and the precipitated reinforced second phase is easy to coarsen or dissolve at the temperature of more than 200 ℃, so that most cast aluminum alloys are difficult to use at the temperature of more than 200 ℃ for a long time, and the application of the aluminum alloy in the aerospace field is greatly limited. With the rapid development of aerospace and defense military technologies, higher requirements are put on the use temperature of cast aluminum alloy, and the development of aluminum alloy materials capable of meeting the long-time use requirements at the temperature of more than 300 ℃ is urgently needed.
The commercial Al-Cu alloy widely used at home and abroad mainly comprises Al-Cu cast aluminum alloys represented by ZL205A, ZL and 206. The high-strength aluminum alloy ZL205A developed by Beijing aviation material research institute has good room temperature performance and high temperature performance, is equivalent to BA L10 alloy researched by Soviet Union, and has better high temperature performance compared with KO-1, arcast67 and X149 alloys in the United states, A-U5GT alloys in France, AC1B, AC A and ADC12 alloys in Japan. However, in view of the demand at the present industrial level, the development of a series of high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloys capable of satisfying higher requirements is urgently required. At present, the research on the mechanical properties of heat-resistant aluminum alloy at home and abroad mostly focuses on the high-temperature strength below 300 ℃, and few reports are made on the aluminum alloy which can resist the high-temperature environment above 350 ℃.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the alloy still has high-temperature strength in a high-temperature environment of 350 ℃.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.0 to 10 weight percent of copper, 0.1 to 1 weight percent of manganese, 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent of titanium, 0.2 to 0.6 weight percent of scandium, 0.01 to 0.5 weight percent of zirconium, 0.01 to 0.5 weight percent of vanadium, 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent of cadmium, 0.005 to 0.06 weight percent of boron, less than or equal to 0.15 weight percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.06 weight percent of silicon, less than or equal to 0.05 weight percent of magnesium and the balance of aluminum.
The high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 6.0wt% of copper, 0.4wt% of manganese, 0.3wt% of titanium, 0.6wt% of scandium, 0.3wt% of zirconium, 0.3wt% of vanadium, 0.4wt% of cadmium, 0.02wt% of boron, less than or equal to 0.15wt% of iron, less than or equal to 0.06wt% of silicon, less than or equal to 0.05wt% of magnesium and the balance of aluminum.
A preparation method of high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
step A, raw material preparation: preparing pure aluminum ingots, pure cadmium and intermediate alloy raw materials according to the content of each metal element in the high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy, wherein the intermediate alloy raw materials are aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy and aluminum-scandium intermediate alloy;
step B, smelting: b, drying the alloy raw material prepared in the step A, wherein the drying aims to remove volatile impurities such as water, oil stain and the like on the surface of the intermediate alloy, and the quality of an aluminum alloy product can be influenced if the intermediate alloy is directly smelted without being dried; then, immediately placing the dried pure aluminum ingot into a preheated graphite crucible for smelting (if the pure aluminum ingot and other alloy raw materials are simultaneously added into a smelting furnace for smelting, the components are not uniform, and macro-component segregation is easy to generate); firstly melting aluminum ingots, fully and uniformly stirring, then adding other intermediate alloys, thus avoiding the problems, after the pure aluminum ingots are fully melted, then adding other alloy raw materials into a graphite crucible for melting, and after the alloy raw materials are fully melted, fully stirring and slagging-off treatment to obtain an alloy melt;
step C, casting: casting the alloy melt into a metal mold with the inner wall coated with a release agent, and cooling the mold to obtain an alloy casting;
step D, heat treatment: carrying out solid solution treatment and aging treatment on the alloy casting in sequence, and obtaining high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy after the aging treatment is finished;
the high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.0 to 10 weight percent of copper, 0.1 to 1 weight percent of manganese, 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent of titanium, 0.2 to 0.6 weight percent of scandium, 0.01 to 0.5 weight percent of zirconium, 0.01 to 0.5 weight percent of vanadium, 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent of cadmium, 0.005 to 0.06 weight percent of boron, less than or equal to 0.15 weight percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.06 weight percent of silicon, less than or equal to 0.05 weight percent of magnesium and the balance of aluminum.
In the preparation method of the high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy, in the step A, the purity of a pure aluminum ingot is more than or equal to 99.7wt%, and the purity of pure cadmium is more than or equal to 99.9wt%; the aluminum-copper intermediate alloy is an Al-50Cu alloy, the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy is an Al-10Mn alloy, the aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy is an Al-5Ti alloy, the aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy is an Al-5V alloy, the aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy is an Al-5Ti-B alloy, the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy is an Al-5Zr alloy, and the aluminum-scandium intermediate alloy is Al-2Sc; because impurities have a large influence on the performance of the prepared aluminum alloy, the impurity content of the intermediate alloy used in the invention is less than or equal to 0.1wt%.
According to the preparation method of the high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy, in the step B, the drying temperature of the alloy raw material is 300 ℃, the drying time is 2 hours, the moisture and volatile impurities on the surface of the alloy raw material can be effectively removed, and the adverse effect on the performance of the aluminum alloy caused by incomplete removal of the impurities is avoided; the preheating temperature of the graphite crucible is 610-780 ℃, the preheating of the crucible is also used for removing water and volatile impurities in the crucible, and the temperature is close to the melting temperature of the melt, so that the cracking of the crucible can be prevented.
In the step B, after the pure aluminum ingot is fully melted, the temperature of the graphite crucible is continuously controlled to be between 610 and 780 ℃, pure cadmium, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, aluminum-scandium intermediate alloy and aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy are sequentially added into the graphite crucible for melting, and another alloy raw material is added after one alloy raw material is fully melted.
In the step B, after the alloy raw materials are completely melted, high-purity argon or high-purity nitrogen is introduced into the graphite crucible to refine and protect the liquid alloy.
In the step B, in the refining process, high-purity argon or high-purity nitrogen is introduced into the alloy melt to carry out degassing treatment on the liquid alloy by rotary blowing; the refining temperature is 700-780 ℃, and the refining time is 30-60 min; if the refining temperature is too high, the liquid alloy is easy to oxidize, and part of alloy elements are easy to burn; if the refining temperature is too low, the alloy is not easy to be fully melted, and individual alloy elements cannot be completely dissolved into the liquid melt; the purity of the high-purity argon or the high-purity nitrogen is more than or equal to 99.99 percent.
In the step C, the temperature of the alloy melt is controlled within the range of 680-750 ℃, and the alloy melt is cast within 20 seconds; before casting, preheating a metal mold to 100-300 ℃; the release agent is boron nitride BN release agent.
In the step D, the temperature of the solution treatment is 450-580 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-4 h; then rapidly cooling in water with the temperature of 50-80 ℃ for 16-20 s; the temperature of the aging treatment is 140-180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-24 h. If the cooling time in water is too short, the alloy after the subsequent aging treatment has low hardness, and the phenomenon of uneven hardness distribution can occur; if the cooling time in water is too long, quenching cracks appear in the alloy structure; the water temperature is controlled to be 50-80 ℃ during water cooling, and the aim is that the temperature range can effectively reduce the residual stress and the residual deformation of the casting; if the aging treatment is directly carried out without water cooling treatment, the casting cannot obtain supersaturated solid solution, which has adverse effect on the precipitation of a strengthening phase in the subsequent aging treatment process, and further influences the mechanical property of the whole high-temperature-resistant aluminum alloy.
The technical scheme of the invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:
the high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy prepared by the method can still maintain relatively uniform microstructure, high tensile strength, high strength creep resistance and proper elongation rate under the long-time heat exposure condition at 350 ℃, and the preparation method improves the fluidity of alloy casting, reduces the smelting difficulty of the aluminum alloy, prolongs the heat-resistant time of the obtained aluminum alloy under the high-temperature condition, avoids using noble metals, reduces the production cost and obtains the low-price high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy.
As the melting point of the metal cadmium is low and is only 321 ℃, the intermediate alloy containing Cd is not required to be added, and the intermediate alloy is directly added in the form of pure cadmium. By adopting the preparation process, compared with ZL205A, more metal Cd is added into the aluminum alloy, the formation of GP II (theta '), and (theta') phases can be accelerated in the artificial aging process after quenching, and the heat-resistant strength of the alloy is obviously improved; v can form insoluble compound in the aluminum-copper alloy and play a role in refining crystal grains, but the refining role of V is smaller than that of Ti, zr and B, and simultaneously V can effectively improve the recrystallization temperature of the alloy, and the refining role of vanadium can be fully played by controlling the addition amount and the addition form of V and adopting the preparation method of the invention.
Adding Al-Ti-B alloy, wherein the alloy is used as a refiner in the smelting process, and the refining mechanism is as follows: the solubility of B in AI and Ti is very small and can be ignored, and Ti and B can form various compounds due to the extremely high activity of Ti, but only TiB 2 Is the most stable compound, and many data have shown that TiB alone 2 Failure of the particles to nucleate, tiB 2 The aluminum alloy has high hardness, high melting point and good chemical stability, and does not react with an aluminum solution at 1000 ℃; after the Al-Ti-B alloy is added, a part of Ti and B form TiB 2 The other excess Ti forms AI with Al 3 Ti, because of extremely high activity of Ti element, excess Ti atoms are AI 3 The form of Ti gradually changes to TiB 2 By surface adsorption of (2) to TiB 2 Surface gradual formation of AI 3 Ti film, AI with continuous lowering of the temperature of the aluminum melt 3 Peritectic reaction is carried out on the Ti surface to obtain alpha-Al, and then the alloy structure is refined; in the invention, most of boron can be TiB by controlling the contents of titanium and boron in the Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy, the proportion of metal elements such as boron and titanium in the aluminum alloy, the adding sequence of the Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy, the smelting temperature and the like 2 In the form of compounds present in the melt and with titaniumThe elements acting together to form AI 3 Ti has better effect of thinning the aluminum alloy structure.
Under the process condition of the invention, sc element with the weight percent of 0.2-0.6 is added into the aluminum alloy, so that the Sc element and the matrix element Al can better form strengthening phase Al 3 Sc, the phase pinning dislocation and grain boundary capability is stronger, not only can the alloy substructure be stabilized, but also the crystal grain can be obviously refined, and meanwhile, sc atoms are in Al 2 The high concentration segregation of Cu strengthening phase particle interface can obviously inhibit Al 2 The Cu strengthening phase particles grow coarsenly at high temperature, so that the room temperature and high temperature mechanical properties of the alloy are effectively improved. In addition, the aluminum alloy of the present invention contains Zr, ti, etc. in a specific content and can form a strengthening phase Al in place of a part of Sc 3 (Zr and Ti) to further improve the room temperature and high temperature mechanical properties of the alloy, and the alloy can be better refined in the subsequent heat treatment link. The alloy prepared by the invention can be used for a long time at room temperature and high temperature, has higher high-temperature tensile strength and proper elongation, can make up the defects of the traditional ZL205A high-temperature mechanical property, and meets the industrial requirements.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.4wt% of copper, 0.4wt% of manganese, 0.3wt% of titanium, 0.2wt% of scandium, 0.1wt% of zirconium, 0.2wt% of vanadium, 0.2wt% of cadmium, 0.04wt% of boron, less than or equal to 0.15wt% of iron, less than or equal to 0.06wt% of silicon, less than or equal to 0.05wt% of magnesium and the balance of aluminum.
The preparation method of the high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
step A, raw material preparation: preparing pure aluminum ingots, pure cadmium and intermediate alloy raw materials according to the content of each metal element in the high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy, wherein the intermediate alloy raw materials are aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy and aluminum-scandium intermediate alloy; wherein, the purity of the pure aluminum ingot is more than or equal to 99.7wt%, the purity of the pure cadmium is more than or equal to 99.9wt%, and the impurity content in the intermediate alloy is less than or equal to 0.1wt%; the Al-Cu intermediate alloy is Al-50Cu alloy, the Al-Mn intermediate alloy is Al-10Mn alloy, the Al-Ti intermediate alloy is Al-5Ti alloy, the Al-V intermediate alloy is Al-5V alloy, the Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy is Al-5Ti-B alloy, the Al-Zr intermediate alloy is Al-5Zr alloy, and the Al-Sc intermediate alloy is Al-2Sc; here, al-XM alloy (X represents a number, and M represents a metal element) denotes: the content of metal M in the intermediate alloy is Xwt%, taking the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy as an example, the Al-10Mn alloy means that the content of manganese element in the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy is 10wt%;
step B, smelting: b, placing the alloy raw material prepared in the step A in a muffle furnace, and drying for 2 hours at 300 ℃; then, immediately placing the dried pure aluminum ingot into a graphite crucible which is preheated to 750 ℃ for smelting, after the pure aluminum ingot is fully melted, sequentially adding other alloy raw materials into the graphite crucible for smelting according to the sequence of pure cadmium, aluminum copper intermediate alloy, aluminum manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum vanadium intermediate alloy, aluminum zirconium intermediate alloy, aluminum titanium intermediate alloy, aluminum scandium intermediate alloy and aluminum titanium boron intermediate alloy, adding another alloy raw material after one alloy raw material is fully smelted, introducing high-purity argon (the purity is more than 99.99%) to refine the liquid alloy after the alloy raw materials are fully melted, wherein the refining temperature is 750 ℃, and the refining time is 50min; after refining, fully stirring and slagging off to obtain an alloy melt;
step C, casting: reducing the temperature of the alloy melt to 720 ℃, casting the alloy melt in a metal mold with the inner wall sprayed with a release agent within 20 seconds, and cooling the mold to obtain an alloy casting; before casting, preheating a metal mold to 300 ℃; the release agent is Boron Nitride (BN) release agent;
step D, heat treatment: sequentially carrying out solid solution treatment and aging treatment on the alloy casting, wherein the heating temperature of the solid solution treatment is 480 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3h; then, rapidly cooling at the water temperature of 60 ℃, wherein the cooling time is 16-20 s; the temperature of the aging treatment is 140 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 15h; and after the aging treatment is finished, obtaining the high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy.
Example 2
The high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.8wt% of copper, 0.5wt% of manganese, 0.3wt% of titanium, 0.4wt% of scandium, 0.1wt% of zirconium, 0.2wt% of vanadium, 0.3wt% of cadmium, 0.05wt% of boron, less than or equal to 0.15wt% of iron, less than or equal to 0.06wt% of silicon, less than or equal to 0.05wt% of magnesium and the balance of aluminum.
The method for producing the high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy of this example was the same as that in example 1.
Example 3
The high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.0wt% of copper, 0.4wt% of manganese, 0.3wt% of titanium, 0.6wt% of scandium, 0.3wt% of zirconium, 0.3wt% of vanadium, 0.4wt% of cadmium, 0.02wt% of boron, less than or equal to 0.15wt% of iron, less than or equal to 0.06wt% of silicon, less than or equal to 0.05wt% of magnesium and the balance of aluminum.
The method for producing the high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy of this example was the same as that in example 1.
Comparative example
The high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy in the comparative example consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 5.4wt% of copper, 0.4wt% of manganese, 0.3wt% of titanium, 0.1wt% of zirconium, 0.2wt% of vanadium, 0.2wt% of cadmium, 0.04wt% of boron, less than or equal to 0.15wt% of iron, less than or equal to 0.06wt% of silicon, less than or equal to 0.05wt% of magnesium, and the balance of aluminum.
The high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloys prepared in examples 1 to 3 and the comparative high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy were subjected to performance tests, respectively: processing the sample into a standard tensile sample according to the national standard GB6397-86 metallic tensile test sample; stretching on an Shimadzu AG-I250kN electronic tensile testing machine at a stretching rate of 1mm/min; when stretching is carried out at high temperature, the temperature is kept for 5 minutes, and then stretching is carried out. The results of the tests are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Note: in Table 1, σ (MPa) is represented by tensile strength, and δ (%) is represented by elongation.
Through the comparison of mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation) of the cast aluminum alloy of the embodiment and the cast aluminum alloy of the comparative example under room temperature and high temperature conditions, the high-temperature mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation) of the high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy of the embodiment are better than those of ZL205A high-temperature resistant aluminum alloy subjected to T6 heat treatment under the high temperature condition, and the requirement of casting the aluminum alloy under the high temperature condition can be met.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications are possible which remain within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The preparation method of the high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step A, raw material preparation: preparing pure aluminum ingots, pure cadmium and intermediate alloy raw materials according to the content of each metal element in the high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy, wherein the intermediate alloy raw materials are aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy and aluminum-scandium intermediate alloy;
in the step A, the purity of the pure aluminum ingot is more than or equal to 99.7wt%, and the purity of the pure cadmium is more than or equal to 99.9wt%; the aluminum-copper intermediate alloy is an Al-50Cu alloy, the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy is an Al-10Mn alloy, the aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy is an Al-5Ti alloy, the aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy is an Al-5V alloy, the aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy is an Al-5Ti-B alloy, the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy is an Al-5Zr alloy, and the aluminum-scandium intermediate alloy is Al-2Sc; the impurity content in the intermediate alloy is less than or equal to 0.1wt%;
step B, smelting: b, drying the alloy raw material prepared in the step A; then, immediately placing the dried pure aluminum ingot into a preheated graphite crucible for smelting, adding other alloy raw materials into the graphite crucible for smelting after the pure aluminum ingot is fully molten, fully stirring and slagging off after the alloy raw materials are fully molten to obtain an alloy melt; the drying temperature of the alloy raw material is 300 ℃, and the drying time is 2h; the preheating temperature of the graphite crucible is 610-780 ℃; after the pure aluminum ingot is fully melted, continuously controlling the temperature of the graphite crucible to be between 610 and 780 ℃, sequentially adding pure cadmium, an aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, an aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, an aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, an aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, an aluminum-scandium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy into the graphite crucible for melting, and adding another alloy raw material after one alloy raw material is fully melted; after the alloy raw materials are completely melted, introducing high-purity argon or high-purity nitrogen into the graphite crucible to refine and protect the liquid alloy;
step C, casting: casting the alloy melt into a metal mold with the inner wall coated with a release agent, and cooling the mold to obtain an alloy casting;
step D, heat treatment: carrying out solid solution treatment and aging treatment on the alloy casting in sequence, and obtaining high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy after the aging treatment is finished;
the high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.0 to 10 weight percent of copper, 0.1 to 1 weight percent of manganese, 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent of titanium, 0.2 to 0.6 weight percent of scandium, 0.01 to 0.5 weight percent of zirconium, 0.01 to 0.5 weight percent of vanadium, 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent of cadmium, 0.005 to 0.06 weight percent of boron, less than or equal to 0.15 weight percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.06 weight percent of silicon, less than or equal to 0.05 weight percent of magnesium and the balance of aluminum.
2. The method for preparing a high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step B, the refining temperature is 700 to 780 ℃ and the refining time is 30 to 60min; the purity of the high-purity argon or the high-purity nitrogen is more than or equal to 99.99 percent.
3. The method of producing a high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in step C, the temperature of the alloy melt is controlled in the range of 680 to 750 ℃ and the alloy melt is cast within 20 seconds; preheating a metal mould to 100-300 ℃ before casting; the release agent is boron nitride BN release agent.
4. The method for preparing a high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step D, the temperature of the solution treatment is 450 to 580 ℃, and the holding time is 1 to 4 hours; then rapidly cooling in water with the temperature of 50-80 ℃ for 16-20 s; the temperature of the aging treatment is 140-180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-24 h.
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| CN109022969A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-18 | 西安交通大学 | Casting Al-Cu alloys and its preparation and regression and re-ageing heat treatment method containing Sc |
| CN114273626B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-05-05 | 包头铝业有限公司 | ZL205A aluminum alloy round ingot production method |
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