CN115868051A - 燃料电池堆、燃料电池装置以及燃料电池车辆 - Google Patents
燃料电池堆、燃料电池装置以及燃料电池车辆 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种燃料电池堆(1),其具有:容纳在堆模块箱(3)中的至少一个燃料电池,该燃料电池包括多个介质通道;布置在堆模块箱(3)的外侧上的介质引导部(2),所述介质引导部与介质通道流动连接;以及围绕堆模块箱(3)引导的张紧系统(4),该张紧系统的夹紧器件(5)围绕实施有弹性功能的介质引导部(2)进行引导。本发明还涉及一种燃料电池装置以及一种燃料电池车辆。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种燃料电池堆,其具有:容纳在堆模块箱(Stapelmodulbox)中的至少一个燃料电池,该燃料电池包括多个介质通道;布置在堆模块箱的外侧上的介质引导部,所述介质引导部与介质通道流动连接;以及围绕堆模块箱引导的张紧系统,该张紧系统的夹紧器件围绕实施有弹性功能的介质引导部进行引导。本发明还涉及一种燃料电池装置以及一种燃料电池车辆。
背景技术
燃料电池用于在含氢燃料和含氧氧化剂(通常是空气)之间的化学反应中提供电能。
在固体氧化物燃料电池(Solid Oxide Fuel Cell SOFC)中,电解质层在此由因此得名的固体材料(例如陶瓷掺钇的二氧化锆)组成,该固体材料能够传导氧离子而不传导电子。电解质层容纳在两个电极层之间,即被供应空气的阴极层和被供给以燃料的阳极层,燃料可以由H2、CO、CH4或类似的碳氢化合物形成。如果空气通过阴极层引导到电解质层,则氧气接收两个电子,并且所形成的氧离子O2-通过电解质层移动到阳极层,其中,氧离子在那与燃料在形成水和CO2的情况下反应。在阴极侧进行以下反应:½O2+2e-→2O2-(还原/电子接收)。在阳极侧进行以下反应:H2+O2-→H2O+2e-以及CO+O2-→CO2+2e-(氧化/电子释放)。
在聚合物电解质膜燃料电池(PEM燃料电池)中,经由膜传输氢核而非氧离子,因为在释放电子e–的情况下进行H2到H+的电化学氧化。质子H+经由膜从阳极室传输到阴极室。在阳极处提供的电子经由电导线供应到阴极。向阴极供应氧气或含氧气体混合物,从而在接收电子的情况下进行O2到O2-的还原。同时,在阴极室中氧阴离子与经由膜传输的质子在形成水的情况下反应。在阳极处进行以下反应:2H2→4H++4e-(氧化/电子释放);在阴极侧进行以下反应:O2+4H++4e-→2H2O(还原/电子接收)。
为了增加通过燃料电池装置提供的电功率,存在将多个燃料电池联合成燃料电池堆的可能性,为此必须确保反应物的充足供给,所述反应物通过介质引导部被供应到燃料电池堆并且在该燃料电池堆中被供应到燃料电池。
这些联合成燃料电池堆的多个燃料电池通常借助于拉伸元件以数吨范围内的力进行压制,以便在膜处获得足够的接触压力以减少欧姆损失,并且借助于较高的压制避免使用的密封件的不密封性。
然而在此应注意的是,在燃料电池堆运行期间产生可导致压制力增加或减少的力。压制力的增加由所使用的部分的热延展引起,由用于供应和分配反应物的压力引起,其中,由于在固体氧化物燃料电池中的高温,热延展特别显著,负热延展同样如此,其在温度降低或低温的情况下导致压制力降低。
在DE 10 2007 002 286 A1中提出了一种介质供给板,其具有用于介质供应和介质引出的联接部,其中,燃料电池堆直接堆叠在介质供给板上。介质供给板还具有用于燃料电池堆夹紧元件穿引的穿通部。EP 2 053 676 A1公开了通过压制设备压制燃料电池堆。KR20050070724 A描述了一种柱状燃料电池堆,其中使用柱状通道用于阳极和阴极的供给。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种具有紧凑结构的燃料电池堆。该目的还在于,提供一种改进的燃料电池装置和一种改进的燃料电池车辆。
该目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的燃料电池堆、具有权利要求9的特征的燃料电池装置和具有权利要求10的特征的燃料电池车辆来实现。本发明的具有适宜改进的有利设计方案在从属权利要求中说明。
根据本发明的燃料电池堆特征在于,可靠地避免了由于燃料电池堆的延展、尤其是由于热延展而引起的不密封性,其中,存在燃料电池堆的紧凑设计,其中单独的弹簧组是非必要的,即也存在减少的结构空间需求。燃料电池堆的运行可以在压力下进行,并且存在介质引导部作为分配结构的功能扩展。
在此存在如下可能性,即介质引导部中的至少一个的弹性功能通过其由弹性材料(即具有弹性特性的材料)构成的构造来实现。
备选地亦或补充地存在如下可能性,即介质引导部中的至少一个的弹性功能通过其可弹性压缩的造型来实现,这尤其可以通过波纹管来实现。然而,其他造型也是可能的。
夹紧器件优选设计为夹紧带,但也可以包括螺纹杆或其他施加机械张紧的拉伸元件。
还优选的是,在张紧系统的作用下,气体通道在其横截面外形方面是不可变化的,以便因此始终能够保证足够的横截面用于介质的穿导,其中,气体通道的指向夹紧器件的一侧倒圆设计,用于改善与夹紧器件的相互作用。
上述优点和作用也适用于具有上述类型的燃料电池堆的燃料电池装置以及具有这种燃料电池装置的燃料电池车辆。
上面在描述中提到的特征和特征组合以及下面在附图描述中提到的和/或在附图中单独示出的特征和特征组合不仅能够以相应说明的组合使用,而且还能够以其他组合或单独使用,而不偏离本发明的范畴。因此,如下实施方案也应视为由本发明包括和公开,所述实施方案在附图中未明确示出或解释,但从所解释的实施方案中的单独的特征组合得知和可产生。
附图说明
本发明的另外的优点、特征和细节从权利要求、以下优选实施形式的描述以及依据附图得出。其中:
图1示出了穿过堆模块箱的横截面的示意图,其中张紧系统通过夹紧器件施加张紧力,以及
图2示出了对应于图1的图示,其中张紧力与图1相比增加。
具体实施方式
燃料电池装置包括具有串联的多个燃料电池的燃料电池堆1。燃料电池装置例如可以是未详细示出的燃料电池车辆的一部分。
燃料电池中的每个包括阳极和阴极以及将阳极与阴极隔开的能传导离子的膜。燃料(例如氢气)从气体压力蓄能器经由燃料电池堆1内的阳极室经由阳极供应管线供应给阳极。阴极气体(例如氧气或含氧空气)可以经由燃料电池堆1内的阴极室经由阴极供应管线供应给阴极。燃料电池装置还可以包括用于对燃料电池堆1进行调温的冷却剂回路。
燃料、阴极气体以及必要时冷却剂必须被导入到燃料电池堆1中并且从该燃料电池堆中再次导出,为此使用介质引导部2。
在图1中示出了穿过燃料电池堆1的非常简化的横截面,其具有未详细示出的、容纳在堆模块箱3中的燃料电池,该燃料电池包括与布置在堆模块箱3的外侧上的介质引导部2流动连接的多个介质通道。围绕堆模块箱3引导有张紧系统4,该张紧系统的夹紧器件5围绕实施有弹性功能的介质引导部3,这在图1和图2中通过与介质引导部2相配属的弹性符号6表示。
在此介质引导部2中的至少一个的弹性功能可以通过其由弹性材料构成的构造来实现;替代地亦或补充地存在如下可能性,即介质引导部2中的至少一个的弹性功能通过其可弹性压缩的造型来实现,尤其是介质引导部2中的至少一个成形为波纹管。
图1示出夹紧器件5设计为夹紧带,其围绕介质引导部2引导并且对这些介质引导部施加力7。例如,如果堆模块箱3由于温度升高或对其施加的压力而扩展,则张紧力或对介质引导部2施加的、并由箭头7符号化的向内作用的力7增加,从而产生在图2中可见的情形,其中介质引导部2弹性地压在一起。因此,介质引导部2在确保相同的功能的情况下代替分开的弹簧系统或弹簧组。
根据未示出的实施形式,夹紧器件5可包括螺纹杆,所述螺纹杆可在与其他支柱共同作用的情况下生成在所有侧作用的力。
应注意的是,在张紧系统4的作用下,用于导入和导出介质的气体通道8关于其介质引导部2作为分配结构的堆模块箱3在其横截面外形方面是不可变化的(图1和图2)。由此确保了对于穿导介质所需的横截面总是具有所需的大小,其中,气体通道8的指向夹紧器件5的一侧倒圆设计,以便实现更好地且磨损有利地贴靠到夹紧器件5处。
附图标记列表
1 燃料电池堆
2 介质引导部
3 堆模块箱
4 张紧系统
5 夹紧器件
6 弹性符号
7 力/箭头
8 气体通道
9 倒圆侧。
Claims (10)
1.一种燃料电池堆(1),其具有:容纳在堆模块箱(3)中的至少一个燃料电池,所述燃料电池包括多个介质通道;布置在所述堆模块箱(3)的外侧上的介质引导部(2),所述介质引导部与介质通道流动连接;以及围绕所述堆模块箱(3)引导的张紧系统(4),所述张紧系统的夹紧器件(5)围绕实施有弹性功能的介质引导部(2)进行引导。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料电池堆,其特征在于,所述介质引导部(2)中的至少一个的弹性功能通过其由弹性材料构成的构造来实现。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的燃料电池堆(1),其特征在于,所述介质引导部(2)中的至少一个的弹性功能通过其能够弹性压缩的造型来实现。
4.根据权利要求3所述的燃料电池堆(1),其特征在于,所述介质引导部(2)中的至少一个成形为波纹管。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的燃料电池堆(1),其特征在于,所述夹紧器件(5)设计为夹紧带。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的燃料电池堆(1),其特征在于,所述夹紧器件(5)包括螺纹杆。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的燃料电池堆(1),其特征在于,在所述张紧系统(4)的作用下,气体通道(8)在其横截面外形方面是不可变化的。
8.根据权利要求7所述的燃料电池堆(1),其特征在于,所述气体通道(8)的指向所述夹紧器件(5)的一侧(9)倒圆设计。
9.一种燃料电池装置,其具有根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的燃料电池堆(1)。
10.一种燃料电池车辆,其具有根据权利要求9所述的燃料电池装置。
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