CN115856457A - Transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system and method - Google Patents
Transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system and a transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring method, wherein the transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system comprises receiving units, a signal processing unit and a signal processing unit, wherein the receiving units are symmetrically arranged on planes where diagonal lines of a transformer substation are located and used for receiving noise signals generated by internal equipment of the transformer substation; the input end of the signal conditioning unit is electrically connected with the output end of the receiving unit and is used for carrying out band-pass filtering and amplification processing on the noise signal; the input end of the output processing unit is electrically connected with the output end of the signal conditioning unit, the noise signals processed by the signal conditioning unit are further subjected to amplitude comparison and state output, meanwhile, the time of electromagnetic noise signals is recorded, the transformer substation position generating high-frequency electromagnetic noise signals is estimated according to the time of the electromagnetic noise signals reaching each receiving unit, and preventive maintenance is better achieved by regularly monitoring the position and frequency of the high-frequency noise.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power monitoring equipment, in particular to a transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system and method.
Background
The transformer substation is used for electric energy conversion and distribution of an electric power system, a plurality of electric power devices are arranged in the transformer substation, and the powerful guarantee for providing reliable electric energy is to maintain the stable operation of the electric power devices. In the operation process of the transformer substation, besides the magnetostrictive noise of the transformer core, the noise of the transformer oil tank, the noise of the fan operation and the mechanical noise, corona discharge or partial discharge can be generated locally, and high-frequency electromagnetic noise signals are generated along with the discharge phenomena. By monitoring such high frequency electromagnetic noise signals, it is possible to obtain a location where noise occurs or a noise-generating location, so as to shift conventional time maintenance to precaution.
Chinese patent application publication No. CN112986759A discloses a detection apparatus for detecting ultrasonic noise generated by power transmission and distribution equipment through an ultrasonic sensor, but the equipment is easily affected by magnetostriction of an iron core of a transformer substation, vibration of an oil tank, noise of a fan, and environmental noise, and greatly interferes with monitoring, and generally ultrasonic monitoring needs to be performed at midnight and at a low wind speed, so that use of the monitoring equipment is greatly limited. Electromagnetic noise generated by substation equipment is usually concentrated in a high-frequency band, and abnormal high-frequency electromagnetic noise can be transmitted to a power grid through a transformer, so that adverse effects on power grid equipment are caused. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a system and a method for positioning and analyzing high-frequency electromagnetic noise of a transformer substation, which can find the change condition and the occurrence position of the high-frequency electromagnetic noise of the transformer substation in time and perform intervention or maintenance as soon as possible.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system and method for judging electromagnetic noise generation positions based on ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic waves.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
in one aspect, the invention provides a high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system for a transformer substation, comprising
The receiving units are symmetrically arranged on planes where diagonal lines of the transformer substation are located and used for receiving electromagnetic noise signals generated by internal equipment of the transformer substation;
the input end of the signal conditioning unit is electrically connected with the output end of the receiving unit and is used for carrying out band-pass filtering and amplification processing on the electromagnetic noise signal;
and the input end of the output processing unit is electrically connected with the output end of the signal conditioning unit, the electromagnetic noise signals processed by the signal conditioning unit are further subjected to amplitude comparison and state output, the time of electromagnetic noise occurrence is recorded, and the transformer substation part generating the electromagnetic noise signals is estimated by determining the starting time of the electromagnetic noise signals reaching each receiving unit.
On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the receiving unit includes a base, a lifting mechanism, and a receiving sensor; the base is arranged on a plane where a diagonal of the transformer substation is located and is arranged opposite to a ridge in the vertical direction of the transformer substation; the end of the base far away from the ground is provided with a lifting mechanism, the fixed end of the lifting mechanism is fixedly connected with the base, and the movable end of the lifting mechanism is provided with a receiving sensor, a signal conditioning unit and an output processing unit; the receiving sensor is electrically connected with the input end of the signal conditioning unit.
Preferably, the receiving units located on the plane of the diagonals of the different substations are not exactly at the same distance from the substation.
Preferably, the distance between the base and the vertical ridge of the transformer substation is more than 2 times the length of the diagonal of the transformer substation.
Preferably, the lifting mechanism comprises a sleeve jacking mechanism and a plurality of shells; one end of the sleeve jacking mechanism is fixedly connected with the end face, far away from the ground, of the base, and the sleeve jacking mechanism extends outwards vertically along the direction far away from the base; the plurality of shells are sequentially embedded on the end surface of the sleeve jacking mechanism far away from the base, and the adjacent shells can be connected in a sliding manner; the casing located on the innermost side is fixedly connected with the movable end of the sleeve jacking mechanism, and a receiving sensor, a signal conditioning unit and an output processing unit are arranged on the end face of one side, facing the transformer substation, of the casing.
Preferably, the height of the receiving sensors of the receiving units located on the planes of the diagonals of the different substations from the ground is not exactly the same.
Preferably, the end faces of the plurality of shells close to the transformer substation are provided with electromagnetic wave absorption layers, and the end faces of the plurality of shells far away from the transformer substation are provided with electromagnetic wave reflection layers.
Preferably, the signal conditioning unit includes a band-pass filter and at least one low-noise amplifier LNA, the input end of the band-pass filter is in signal connection with the output end of the receiving sensor, the output end of the band-pass filter is electrically connected with the input end of the low-noise amplifier LNA, and the output end of the low-noise amplifier LNA is electrically connected with the input end of the output processing unit.
Preferably, the output processing unit comprises a voltage comparison unit, an MCU, an RTC unit, a wireless transmission unit and a field receiving unit; the first input end of the voltage comparison unit is electrically connected with the output end of the low-noise amplifier, the second input end of the voltage comparison unit is electrically connected with a reference voltage, the voltage comparison unit outputs a comparison result to the MCU, the RTC unit is electrically connected with the MCU and provides a real-time clock for the MCU, and the MCU records the starting time and the duration of the comparison result output by the voltage comparison unit; the MCU is in communication connection with the field receiving unit through the wireless transmission unit, and the wireless transmission unit transmits the comparison result, the starting time and the duration time output by the voltage comparison unit to the field receiving unit through the wireless transmission unit.
On the other hand, the invention provides a transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system is arranged on the periphery of a transformer substation which is put into operation outdoors along the extending direction of the surface of the diagonal line of the transformer substation, namely at least two pairs of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems are arranged on the plane of the two diagonal lines of the transformer substation, and the transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems are arranged right opposite to all ridge lines of the transformer substation;
s2: keeping the distance R1 from the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation to the geometric center of the transformer substation consistent, and enabling the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation to obtain effective electromagnetic noise signals; through the transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems on the planes where the diagonals are located, the transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems respectively acquire the arrival time and the duration time of electromagnetic noise signals, and for the same noise signal, a group of position coordinates S1 is obtained according to the world coordinate system coordinates of the pair of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems on the plane where the same diagonal is located and the difference between the arrival time of the respectively acquired noise signals;
s3: then adjusting the distance R2 from one pair of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems to the geometric center of the transformer substation, and keeping the distance R1 from the other pair of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems to the geometric center of the transformer substation unchanged; acquiring the arrival time and the duration time of the noise signals respectively by the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the transformer substations, and acquiring another group of position coordinates S2 again aiming at the same noise signal;
s4: further respectively arranging all the transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems on a virtual spherical surface with a distance R2 from the geometric center of the transformer substation, respectively acquiring the arrival time and the duration time of a noise signal by each transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system, and acquiring another group of position coordinates S3 for the same noise signal;
s5: adjusting the heights of a movable end of the lifting mechanism and a receiving sensor, repeating the processes S2-S4, fitting a minimum spherical area simultaneously containing position coordinates S1, S2 and S3, enabling the volume of the spherical area to be minimum, and taking the internal space of the spherical area as a generation part of an electromagnetic noise signal;
s6: and (5) sequentially carrying out the steps S2-S5 on each noise signal until the effective electromagnetic noise signals received by the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation are identified.
Compared with the prior art, the transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system and method provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
(1) The scheme includes that adjustable receiving units are distributed in the peripheral area of a transformer substation building, electromagnetic wave signals sent by devices in the transformer substation are received, noise signals from the same source are received through different receiving units, and the approximate occurrence position of the noise signals is identified and preliminarily estimated; because the electromagnetic wave frequency band signal is basically not overlapped with the ultrasonic wave frequency band, the detection is not influenced by sound wave impression, and the strict requirements on observation conditions and environmental noise are not required;
(2) The receiving unit can change the distance or height between the receiving sensor and the signal conditioning unit and between the signal conditioning unit and the output processing unit relative to the geometric center of the electromagnetic noise, so that a plurality of groups of measured values are obtained to plan the approximate range of the noise signal;
(3) Furthermore, the electromagnetic wave absorption layer and the electromagnetic wave reflection layer are arranged on the shell, so that external interference can be eliminated, and the monitoring precision can be improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of an arrangement position of a high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of a transformer substation according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a high frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of a substation of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view, partly in section, of a high frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of a substation according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a process of noise signal processing and transmission of a high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of a substation according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of initial positions of high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of a transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring method according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a part of a high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of a transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring method after position adjustment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring method after all the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems are adjusted in position;
fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system and method for a substation according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. a receiving unit; 2. a signal conditioning unit; 3. an output processing unit; 11. a base; 12. a lifting mechanism; 13. receiving a sensor; 121. a sleeve jacking mechanism; 122. a housing; 31. a voltage comparison unit; 32. an RTC unit; 33. a wireless transmission unit; 34. and a field receiving unit.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In one aspect, as shown in fig. 1-7, the present invention provides a high frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system for a substation, comprising
The receiving unit 1 is symmetrically arranged on a plane where each diagonal of the transformer substation is located, and is used for receiving electromagnetic noise signals generated by internal equipment of the transformer substation; the noise signal is usually a UHF band signal, and a special sensor is required for signal reception.
The input end of the signal conditioning unit 2 is electrically connected with the output end of the receiving unit 1 and is used for carrying out band-pass filtering and amplification processing on the electromagnetic noise signal; the electromagnetic noise signal has a wide frequency band and a weak signal, so that the received electromagnetic noise signal needs to be filtered and amplified, and further scanned and compared in the wide frequency band.
And the input end of the output processing unit 3 is electrically connected with the output end of the signal conditioning unit 2, the electromagnetic noise signals processed by the signal conditioning unit 2 are further subjected to amplitude comparison and state output, the time of generating the electromagnetic noise signals is recorded at the same time, and the transformer substation part generating the electromagnetic noise signals is estimated by acquiring the time of the electromagnetic noise signals reaching each receiving unit 1. Because a plurality of groups of receiving units 1, corresponding signal conditioning units 2 and output processing units 3 are symmetrically arranged, each position can effectively receive electromagnetic noise signals, but due to the distance relationship, the time for the same electromagnetic noise signal to reach each receiving unit 1 is different, and by analyzing the difference and combining each receiving unit 1 in a known position, the method is favorable for searching the occurrence position of the electromagnetic noise signal.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the receiving unit 1 includes a base 11, a lifting mechanism 12, and a receiving sensor 13; the base 11 is arranged on a plane where a diagonal of the transformer substation is located and is opposite to a ridge in the vertical direction of the transformer substation; one end of the base 11, which is far away from the ground, is provided with a lifting mechanism 12, the fixed end of the lifting mechanism 12 is fixedly connected with the base 11, and the movable end of the lifting mechanism 12 is provided with a receiving sensor 13, a signal conditioning unit 2 and an output processing unit 3; the receiving sensor 13 is electrically connected with the input end of the signal conditioning unit 2. The receiving sensor 13 of the scheme can adopt a product of Chengdoujia instrument science and technology development limited company, and the output interface is an SMA connector. The base 11 of the receiving unit 1 is movable along the ground and locks the position of the current base 11. A lifting mechanism 12 is arranged above the base, and the height of the lifting mechanism 12 relative to the base 11 can be adjusted, so that the height of the receiving sensor 13 can be adapted to the height of a transformer substation, and the defect that the receiving sensor 13 cannot be over against a ridge line due to the fact that a hardened foundation exists in part of the transformer substation is overcome.
As a preferred embodiment of the present solution, the distances between the receiving units 1 located on the planes of the diagonals of different substations and the substation are not exactly the same. The distance between the base 11 and the vertical ridge of the transformer substation is more than 2 times of the length of the diagonal of the transformer substation. Because the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave is extremely fast, the receiving unit 1 and the transformer substation keep a reasonable distance, so that the time delay of reaching different receiving units 1 is observed in the measurement, the monitoring and measuring accuracy is improved, and the distance is not proper when the distance is too close.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, a specific structure of the lifting mechanism 12 is shown. The lifting mechanism 12 comprises a sleeve jacking mechanism 121 and a plurality of shells 122; one end of the sleeve jacking mechanism 121 is fixedly connected with the end face, far away from the ground, of the base 11, and the sleeve jacking mechanism 121 extends outwards vertically along the direction far away from the base 11; the plurality of shells 122 are sequentially embedded on the end surface of the sleeve jacking mechanism 121 far away from the base 11, and the adjacent shells 122 can be connected in a sliding manner; the casing 122 located at the innermost side is fixedly connected with the movable end of the sleeve jacking mechanism 121, and a receiving sensor 13, a signal conditioning unit 2 and an output processing unit 3 are arranged on the end surface of one side of the casing 122 facing the substation. The lifting mechanism 12 is lifted in sections, as shown in the figure, a piston rod is arranged at the center of the sleeve jacking mechanism 121, bosses are arranged at the piston rod and one end of each shell 122 close to the base 11, and a sliding groove for sliding adjacent shells and a butting part for limiting are also arranged on the shells; correspondingly, a plurality of sleeves are sequentially nested outside the piston rod, the adjacent sleeves can slide, the sleeve positioned on the outermost side of the piston rod is fixedly and hermetically connected with the base, the size of the sleeve in the axial direction is matched with the size of the shell 122 in the axial direction of the piston rod, and the shell on the outermost side is fixedly arranged relative to the base. When hydraulic oil is injected into the piston rod and the adjacent sleeve, the piston rod is vertically jacked up, and the piston rod drives the shell 122 located at the innermost side to synchronously lift; when the piston rod reaches the top of the adjacent first-stage sleeve, the boss at the end part of the piston rod is abutted against the step part at the top of the sleeve, meanwhile, the innermost shell 122 also reaches the limit height, and the boss on the innermost shell can be abutted against the boss at one end of the adjacent shell far away from the base, so that synchronous lifting and descending movement of the sleeve outside the piston rod and the shell is realized, the whole volume of the receiving unit 1 is favorably reduced, and the function of adjusting the heights of multiple sections is provided.
Because the receiving unit 1 has the height subsection adjusting function, the heights of the receiving sensors 13 of the receiving unit 1 on the planes where the diagonals of different substations are located from the ground can be set to be the same or different.
In order to better improve the absorption effect of the electromagnetic waves generated by the noise signals and the reflection capability of the external electromagnetic wave signals, an electromagnetic wave absorption layer is arranged on one end surface of each shell 122 close to the substation, and an electromagnetic wave reflection layer is arranged on one end surface of each shell 122 far away from the substation. The electromagnetic wave reflecting layer may be coated with a homogeneous dense metal sheet shell on the surface area of each housing 122 away from the substation. The electromagnetic wave absorbing layer is to prevent noise signals from being reflected on an end surface of a housing close to the substation, and to interfere with the remaining receiving sensors 13, especially the receiving sensors 13 located opposite to each other in the same plane. The electromagnetic wave absorption layer can adopt a coating made of ferrite electromagnetic wave absorption material. The high frequency band has interference signals such as industrial noise and wireless communication, and the influence of the interference signals in the environment on the high frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of the transformer substation is eliminated by arranging the electromagnetic wave reflecting layer.
As shown in fig. 4, the internal structure of a signal conditioning unit 2 is shown schematically. The signal conditioning unit 2 comprises a band-pass filter and at least one low noise amplifier LNA, the input end of the band-pass filter is in signal connection with the output end of the receiving sensor 13, the output end of the band-pass filter is electrically connected with the input end of the low noise amplifier LNA, and the output end of the low noise amplifier LNA is electrically connected with the input end of the output processing unit 3. The band-pass filter adopts a nine-order passive filter, and compared with an active filter, the passive filter does not introduce new interference signals. The first-stage filter, the third-stage filter, the fifth-stage filter, the seventh-stage filter and the ninth-stage filter of the band-pass filter are LC series links, and the inductance L1 and the capacitance C1 of the first-stage filter are the same as the inductance L9 and the capacitance C9 of the ninth-stage filter in parameters; the inductance L3 and the capacitance C3 of the third stage filter have the same parameters as the inductance L7 and the capacitance C7 of the seventh stage filter. The second-stage filter, the fourth-stage filter, the sixth-stage filter and the eighth-stage filter of the band-pass filter are LC parallel links, and the inductance L2 and the capacitance C2 of the second-stage filter are the same as the inductance L8 and the capacitance C8 of the eighth-stage filter in parameters; the inductance L4 and the capacitance C4 of the fourth stage filter have the same parameters as the inductance L6 and the capacitance C6 of the sixth stage filter. The parameters of each capacitor are in the order of tens of uF, and the parameters of each inductor are in the order of nH.
As also shown in fig. 4, the output processing unit 3 includes a voltage comparing unit 31, an MCU, an RTC unit 32, a wireless transmission unit 33, and a field receiving unit 34; the first input end of the voltage comparison unit 31 is electrically connected with the output end of the low noise amplifier, the second input end of the voltage comparison unit 31 is electrically connected with the reference voltage, the voltage comparison unit 31 outputs the comparison result to the MCU, the RTC unit 32 is electrically connected with the MCU and provides a real-time clock for the MCU, and the MCU records the starting time and the duration of the comparison result output by the voltage comparison unit 31; the MCU is in communication connection with the field receiving unit 34 through the wireless transmission unit 33, and the wireless transmission unit 33 transmits the result of the comparison, the starting time and the duration output by the voltage comparison unit 31 to the field receiving unit 34 through the wireless transmission unit 33.
The voltage comparison unit 31 is used for comparing the amplitude of the electromagnetic noise signal amplified by the low noise amplifier LNA with a reference voltage VREF, when the amplitude exceeds the reference voltage VERF and is stabilized for a period of time, the signal is determined to be an effective noise signal, the noise signal output condition is met, the voltage comparison unit 31 can output a corresponding high level signal, when the MCU receives the signal, the universal time and the duration of receiving the high level signal are recorded, and the effective value and the duration of the high level signal are used for comparing with the effective value and the duration of receiving the high level signal of the same duration by the output processing unit 3 of the high frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of another substation located on the same diagonal plane. The high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the two transformer substations receive the time difference between the same electromagnetic noise signals, and the transformer substation position where the noise signals occur can be obtained through calculation according to the time difference and the world coordinate system coordinates of the receiving sensor 13.
Here, the reference voltage VREF is not a fixed value but an extreme value that changes according to time variation, and the frequency of the reference voltage VERF is usually several times that of the power frequency signal. In order to simplify the comparison workload and reduce the voltage comparison time, a frequency hopping interval scanning mode can be adopted to scan the discrete frequency bands of the integral multiple neighborhood of the power frequency signals arranged at intervals in the frequency band, and the voltage comparison unit 31 records the discrete frequency bands with the reference voltage VERF signals as the reference basis for the subsequent frequency hopping sectional scanning, for example (C), (C)K*50Hz）±LHz, integer multiples of power frequency signal in bracketsKAs the center frequency of the discrete band of the frequency hopping sweep,Lis a single-sided frequency range of discrete frequency bands with the center frequency as a reference.
Two conditions are of interest when recording electromagnetic noise signals: an extreme value of the waveform of an odd number of consecutive periods from the time of reception of the electromagnetic noise signal, and a survival time exceeding the reference voltage VREF of the odd number of consecutive periods from the time of reception of the electromagnetic noise signal. Because the distances of a group of substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems on the same diagonal plane relative to the center of a substation are equal, for the same electromagnetic noise signal, the waveforms of the electromagnetic noise signals received by a plurality of substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems are all similar, but delay is possible in time, and the received waveforms are judged to belong to the same electromagnetic noise signal by judging the extreme values of the waveforms of odd number of continuous periods and comparing the survival time exceeding the reference voltage VREF in each odd number of continuous periods.
As shown in fig. 1 in combination with fig. 5, 6, 7, and 8, the present invention further provides a method for monitoring high-frequency electromagnetic noise of a substation, including the following steps:
s1: as shown in fig. 1, the substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems are arranged around a substation which is put into operation outdoors along the extending direction of the surface where the diagonal lines of the substation are located, that is, at least two pairs of substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems are respectively arranged on the plane where at least two diagonal lines of the substation are located, the substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems are arranged right opposite to all edge lines of the substation, in order to generate observable electromagnetic noise signals, the substation periodically performs a corresponding closing or opening action, the substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems monitor the electromagnetic noise signals which may be generated after the action, the period of sampling detection and the period of the closing or opening action of the substation can be artificially set, for example, 10 to 15 minutes, so that a sufficient time interval is provided for performing frequency hopping sectional scanning.
S2: as shown in fig. 5, distances R1 from the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the substations to the geometric center of the substation are kept consistent, so that the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the substations acquire effective electromagnetic wave signals of high-frequency electromagnetic noise; through the transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems located on the planes where the diagonals are located, the transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems respectively acquire the arrival time and the duration time of a noise signal, and for the same noise signal, a group of position coordinates S1 is obtained according to the world coordinate system coordinates of the pair of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems located on the planes where the diagonals are located and the difference between the arrival time of the respectively acquired electromagnetic noise signal. And judging whether the electromagnetic noise signals are the same electromagnetic noise signal or not, respectively carrying out filtering amplification on the electromagnetic noise signals acquired by the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the substations, comparing whether the extreme values of the waveforms of odd continuous periods are close or not in the same frequency band range, judging whether the electromagnetic noise signals with the close survival time exceeding the reference voltage VREF in the odd continuous periods are close to each other, and determining the electromagnetic noise signals as the same electromagnetic noise signal, and respectively recording the starting time of the electromagnetic noise signals acquired by the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the substations so as to carry out subsequent calculation. The extreme value of the waveform of the electromagnetic noise signal obtained by the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of the transformer substation in odd continuous periods is not more than 2%, and the survival time of the electromagnetic noise signal exceeding the reference voltage VREF in the odd continuous periods is not more than 10%. The time-to-live exceeding the reference voltage VREF for an odd number of consecutive periods is received here as the duration of the electromagnetic noise signal.
In the illustrated situation, the diagram shows a layout diagram of 4 substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems, and the receiving sensors 13 of each substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system are located in the surface area of the virtual spherical surface a with the radius R1. If the center of the electromagnetic noise generating part coincides with the geometric center of the transformer substation, theoretically, the receiving sensors 13 of the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation receive noise signals simultaneously. However, in practice, there may be deviations, which cause differences in the world time to reach the receiving sensors 13 of the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the substations during the transmission of electromagnetic waves. A receiving sensor 13 of a high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of a transformer substation is used as a reference sensor, and the starting time of a noise signal reaching the reference sensor is set astThe propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave isc(ii) a The starting time of the electromagnetic noise signal reaching the receiving sensors 13 of the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the other substations ist+Δt 1 、t+Δt 2 Andt+Δt 3 the world coordinate system coordinate of the electromagnetic noise signal generation part is (x，y，z) The world coordinate system coordinates of the reference sensor and the remaining receiving sensors 13 are: (x 1 ，y 1 ，z 1 ）、（x 2 ，y 2 ，z 2 ）、（x 3 ，y 3 ，z 3 ) And (a)x 4 ，y 4 ，z 4 ) The following relation is provided:
in conjunction with the above relations, the world coordinate systems of the reference sensor and the remaining receiving sensors 13 and the start time of the reception of the noise signalt、t+Δt 1 、t+Δt 2 Andt+Δt 3 since all the coordinates are known, the world coordinate system coordinate S1 of the noise signal generation portion in the current layout can be obtained.
S3: then adjusting the distance R2 from one pair of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems to the geometric center of the transformer substation, and keeping the distance R1 from the other pair of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems to the geometric center of the transformer substation unchanged; and acquiring the starting time and the duration of the arrival of the electromagnetic noise signals respectively by the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the transformer substations, and acquiring another group of position coordinates S2 again aiming at the same noise signal.
As shown in fig. 6, the distance from one pair of substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems to the geometric center of the substation is changed to R2, that is, the pair of substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems is located in the surface area of the virtual spherical surface B, and the position from the other pair of substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems to the substation is unchanged and still remains in the surface area of the virtual spherical surface a. And similarly, by using the formula in the step S3, the difference is that any one receiving sensor 13 in the surface area of the virtual spherical surface B is selected as the reference sensor in the situation, and the time when the noise signal is received by the other three receiving sensors 13 has the same time difference with the reference sensor in the current situation, and the world coordinate system coordinates S2 of the electromagnetic noise signal generation part in the current layout are obtained after calculation. The repeated measurement is to further confirm the electromagnetic noise signal generation position after changing the distance of the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each substation.
S4: further, all the substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems are respectively arranged on a virtual spherical surface with a distance R2 from the geometric center of the substation, the arrival time and the duration time of the noise signal are respectively obtained by each substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system, and another group of position coordinates S3 are obtained again aiming at the same noise signal.
As shown in fig. 7, all the substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems are further arranged in the surface area of the virtual spherical surface B, that is, the distances from the four receiving sensors 13 to the central axis of the virtual spherical surface B, that is, the vertical line of the substation assembly center are consistent. Repeating the above steps, taking the receiving sensor 13 in any virtual spherical surface B surface area as a reference sensor, and calculating to obtain the world coordinate system coordinates S3 of the noise signal generating part in the current layout after the time difference between the time when the other three receiving sensors 13 receive the noise signal and the time when the reference sensor is in the current situation is the same. The radius R1 of the virtual spherical surface a and the radius R2 of the virtual spherical surface B both exceed the length of the diagonal line of the substation by more than 2 times.
S5: selectively adjusting the heights of the movable end of the lifting mechanism 12 and the receiving sensor 13, repeating the above processes, fitting a minimum spherical area simultaneously containing the position coordinates S1, S2 and S3, and minimizing the volume of the spherical area, wherein the internal space of the spherical area is used as a generation part of an electromagnetic noise signal.
Also shown in fig. 7 is a spherical region fitted to fig. 7, which contains S1, S2 and S3. However, the area may contain more substation devices, and it is necessary to further reduce the scope of troubleshooting. On the basis of step S4, the height of the lifting mechanism 12 of the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each substation may be further changed, and the height of each receiving sensor 13 and the ground may not be completely the same. And (5) repeating the steps S4 and S5, acquiring a spherical area which has the minimum volume and contains S1, S2 and S3, and taking the spherical center of the spherical area which is fitted and in the minimum volume as the central position of the electromagnetic noise by measuring at least three times. Adjusting the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation, further changing the heights of the movable end of the lifting mechanism 12 and the receiving sensor 13, changing the position of the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation on the surface of the virtual spherical surface B, and further performing measurement, for example, obtaining the world coordinate system coordinates S4 or more of the noise signal generating part under the current layout, fitting the position coordinates S1, S2, S3 or S4, for example, performing spherical fitting by using a least square method, and outputting the world coordinate system coordinates and the radius of the sphere center.
S6: and (5) sequentially carrying out the steps S2-S5 on each noise signal until the identification of the occurrence part of the effective noise signal received by the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation is completed.
In a detection period, there may be a plurality of positions where electromagnetic noise occurs in the substation, and the positions may have different frequencies, amplitudes, start times and durations, corresponding high-level signals and durations may be output through the voltage comparison unit 31 of the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each substation, and the same electromagnetic noise signal is identified as the same durations, and the spherical area of the occurrence position of each electromagnetic noise signal is sequentially determined for the electromagnetic noise signal according to the steps S2 to S5, so as to identify the occurrence position of each electromagnetic noise.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system is characterized by comprising
The receiving unit (1) is symmetrically arranged on a plane where each diagonal of the transformer substation is located and used for receiving electromagnetic noise signals generated by internal equipment of the transformer substation;
the input end of the signal conditioning unit (2) is electrically connected with the output end of the receiving unit (1) and is used for carrying out band-pass filtering and amplification processing on the electromagnetic noise signal;
and the input end of the output processing unit (3) is electrically connected with the output end of the signal conditioning unit (2), the electromagnetic noise signals processed by the signal conditioning unit (2) are further subjected to amplitude comparison and state output, the time of electromagnetic noise occurrence is recorded, and the transformer substation position generating the electromagnetic noise signals is estimated by determining the starting time of the electromagnetic noise signals reaching each receiving unit (1).
2. A substation high frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said receiving unit (1) comprises a base (11), a lifting mechanism (12) and a receiving sensor (13); the base (11) is arranged on a plane where a diagonal of the transformer substation is located and is opposite to a ridge in the vertical direction of the transformer substation; one end of the base (11) far away from the ground is provided with a lifting mechanism (12), the fixed end of the lifting mechanism (12) is fixedly connected with the base (11), and the movable end of the lifting mechanism (12) is provided with a receiving sensor (13), a signal conditioning unit (2) and an output processing unit (3); the receiving sensor (13) is electrically connected with the input end of the signal conditioning unit (2).
3. A substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that the distances between the receiving units (1) located on the planes of the diagonals of different substations and the substation are not exactly the same.
4. A substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that the distance between the base (11) and the vertical ridge of the substation is more than 2 times the length of the diagonal of the substation.
5. A substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that said lifting mechanism (12) comprises a sleeve jacking mechanism (121) and several housings (122); one end of the sleeve jacking mechanism (121) is fixedly connected with the end face, far away from the ground, of the base (11), and the sleeve jacking mechanism (121) vertically extends outwards along the direction far away from the base (11); the plurality of shells (122) are sequentially embedded and arranged on the end face, away from the base (11), of the sleeve jacking mechanism (121), and the adjacent shells (122) can be connected in a sliding manner; the casing (122) located on the innermost side is fixedly connected with the movable end of the sleeve jacking mechanism (121), and a receiving sensor (13), a signal conditioning unit (2) and an output processing unit (3) are arranged on the end face, facing the transformer substation, of the casing (122).
6. A substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that the height of the receiving sensors (13) of the receiving units (1) located on the planes of the diagonals of different substations from the ground is not exactly the same.
7. The substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system according to claim 5, wherein an electromagnetic wave absorbing layer is disposed on one side end surface of the plurality of shells (122) close to the substation, and an electromagnetic wave reflecting layer is disposed on one side end surface of the plurality of shells (122) far away from the substation.
8. The substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system according to claim 7, wherein the signal conditioning unit (2) comprises a band-pass filter and at least one low-noise amplifier (LNA), an input end of the band-pass filter is in signal connection with an output end of the receiving sensor (13), an output end of the band-pass filter is electrically connected with an input end of the low-noise amplifier (LNA), and an output end of the low-noise amplifier (LNA) is electrically connected with an input end of the output processing unit (3).
9. A substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that said output processing unit (3) comprises a voltage comparison unit (31), a MCU, a RTC unit (32), a wireless transmission unit (33) and a field reception unit (34); a first input end of the voltage comparison unit (31) is electrically connected with an output end of the low-noise amplifier, a second input end of the voltage comparison unit (31) is electrically connected with a reference voltage, the voltage comparison unit (31) outputs a comparison result to the MCU, the RTC unit (32) is electrically connected with the MCU and provides a real-time clock for the MCU, and the MCU records the starting time and the duration time of the comparison result output by the voltage comparison unit (31); the MCU is in communication connection with the field receiving unit (34) through the wireless transmission unit (33), and the wireless transmission unit (33) transmits the comparison result, the starting time and the duration output by the voltage comparison unit (31) to the field receiving unit (34) through the wireless transmission unit (33).
10. A transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system is arranged on the periphery of an outdoor transformer substation which is put into operation along the extending direction of the surface of the diagonal of the transformer substation, namely at least two pairs of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems are arranged on the plane of the two diagonals of the transformer substation, and the transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems are arranged right opposite to all the ridge lines of the transformer substation;
s2: keeping the distance R1 from the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation to the geometric center of the transformer substation consistent, and enabling the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation to obtain effective electromagnetic noise signals; through the transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems on the planes where the diagonals are located, the transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems respectively acquire the arrival time and the duration time of electromagnetic noise signals, and for the same noise signal, a group of position coordinates S1 is obtained according to the world coordinate system coordinates of the pair of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems on the plane where the same diagonal is located and the difference between the arrival time of the respectively acquired noise signals;
s3: then adjusting the distance R2 from one pair of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems to the geometric center of the transformer substation, and keeping the distance R1 from the other pair of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems to the geometric center of the transformer substation unchanged; acquiring the arrival time and the duration time of the noise signals respectively by the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the transformer substations, and acquiring another group of position coordinates S2 again aiming at the same noise signal;
s4: further respectively arranging all the transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems on a virtual spherical surface with a distance R2 from the geometric center of the transformer substation, respectively acquiring the arrival time and the duration time of a noise signal by each transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system, and acquiring another group of position coordinates S3 for the same noise signal;
s5: adjusting the heights of a movable end of a lifting mechanism (12) and a receiving sensor (13), repeating the processes S2-S4, fitting a minimum spherical area simultaneously containing position coordinates S1, S2 and S3, enabling the volume of the spherical area to be minimum, and taking the inner space of the spherical area as a generation part of an electromagnetic noise signal;
s6: and (5) sequentially carrying out the steps S2-S5 on each noise signal until the effective electromagnetic noise signals received by the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation are identified.
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