CN111426922A - GI L discharge fault positioning system and method based on steep slope - Google Patents
GI L discharge fault positioning system and method based on steep slope Download PDFInfo
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- CN111426922A CN111426922A CN202010355095.4A CN202010355095A CN111426922A CN 111426922 A CN111426922 A CN 111426922A CN 202010355095 A CN202010355095 A CN 202010355095A CN 111426922 A CN111426922 A CN 111426922A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
- G01R31/1272—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of cable, line or wire insulation, e.g. using partial discharge measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a GI L discharging fault positioning system and method based on a steep slope, the GI L discharging fault system based on the steep slope comprises a GI L0 shell and a three-phase GI L1, each phase GI L2 comprises a GI L3 pipeline, a GI L4 pipeline is arranged in the GI L shell, and further comprises a hand hole, a GI L steep slope sensor, a data processing unit, a router and a fault positioning unit, the GI L steep slope sensor is arranged at one end of the GI L pipeline, the GI L steep slope sensor can receive GI L discharging steep slope signals generated by discharging of fault points and discharging steep slope signals after refraction and reflection, then the GI L discharging steep slope signals generated by discharging of the fault points and the discharging steep slope signals after refraction and reflection are sent to the fault positioning unit through the data processing unit, the fault positioning unit calculates the fault points through the received signals to finally obtain the positions of the fault points, the GI L discharging fault positioning system and method based on the slope provided by the invention save the cost, eliminate the positioning error of synchronization of positioning equipment, and improve the calibration precision of positioning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ultra-high voltage and extra-high voltage power transmission and transformation equipment state monitoring, in particular to a GI L discharge fault positioning system and method based on a steep slope.
Background
A Gas insulated metal enclosed transmission line (GI L) is mature high-voltage transmission equipment and can effectively solve the problems that the construction scale of ultrahigh voltage and extra-high voltage projects in China is gradually enlarged, and the ultrahigh/extra-high voltage projects face large transmission energy, long transmission distance, complex geographical environment and geological conditions along the line and the like.
The GI L is long in distance and fully closed, monitoring system equipment is lacked, damage of operation and lightning steep waves to the GI L insulator cannot be sensed, fault points are difficult to find quickly, and therefore rush repair time is greatly increased.
At present, the GI L equipment is generally provided with a fault positioning device on site, and methods for monitoring and positioning discharge mainly comprise manual monitoring, an optical method, an acoustic method, an ultrahigh frequency method and the like, wherein the ultrahigh frequency method and the ultrasonic method in the acoustic method are more applied to engineering sites.
The conventional manual monitoring is carried out by means of matching auditory judgment of people with a field device pressure-resistant test, so that the experience requirements on field personnel are higher, only the fault range can be judged, and accurate positioning cannot be realized.
The optical method detects the light emission accompanying the discharge by using a photomultiplier, and realizes the detection and positioning of the discharge fault. But does not have the capability to locate the fault. In addition, the number of devices required for this method is large and the cost is too high.
The acoustic method detects sound or shell vibration accompanying discharge by an acceleration sensor or an acoustic emission sensor, and realizes positioning by using signal time difference between measuring points. In order to avoid interference, an ultrasonic frequency band is generally selected for detection, i.e., a common ultrasonic positioning method. Acoustic detection methods are generally considered to be free of electromagnetic interference and suitable for field applications. However, the ultrasonic wave propagation speed is low, the attenuation is large, and the positioning accuracy is not high. In addition, the effective monitoring range of the ultrasonic positioning device is small, and the full-range coverage is difficult to obtain by using an economic number of sensors when the ultrasonic positioning device is applied to a transformer substation.
The Ultra-high Frequency (UHF) method detects an UHF electromagnetic wave signal generated by partial discharge by using an internal or external UHF sensor, and has high interference resistance and monitoring sensitivity. The positioning of the discharge fault can be realized by utilizing the time difference between different measuring points. The ultrahigh frequency method is generally directed at partial discharge in electrical equipment, and because high-frequency electromagnetic waves generated by discharge are greatly attenuated in a propagation process, a propagation path is complex, signal distortion is caused, and the positioning of the discharge is difficult. In addition, the ultrahigh frequency method needs a digital oscilloscope with a high sampling rate and a high-precision ultrahigh frequency antenna, and the cost is high.
Therefore, how to design a GI L discharge fault location system and method with low cost and accurate fault location is a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a GI L fault positioning system and method based on a steep slope, which are used for solving the defects of the prior art.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a steep-slope-based GI L discharge fault location system, where the steep-slope-based GI L discharge fault system includes a GI L enclosure and a three-phase GI L, each phase GI L includes a GI L pipeline, and the GI L pipeline is disposed in the GI L enclosure, and the steep-slope-based GI L discharge fault system further includes a hand hole, a GI L steep-slope sensor, a data processing unit, a first optical network unit, a router, a second optical network unit, a fault location unit, a shielding box, and a control room, where:
the hand hole is arranged at one end of the GI L pipeline;
the GI L steep slope sensor is arranged in the hand hole;
the data processing unit is connected with the GI L steep slope sensor;
the first optical network switching unit is connected with the data processing unit;
the first optical network switching unit is connected with the router through the second optical network switching unit;
the fault positioning unit is connected with the router;
the data processing unit and the first optical network switching unit are both arranged in the shielding box;
the fault positioning unit, the router and the second optical network switching unit are all arranged in the control room.
Optionally, the GI L hill slope sensor comprises a high voltage arm capacitance, a built-in electrode, an epoxy casting, and a sensor low voltage arm capacitance, wherein:
one end of the high-voltage arm capacitor is connected with the GI L pipeline, and the other end of the high-voltage arm capacitor is connected with the built-in electrode;
the epoxy casting body is connected with the built-in electrode;
the low-voltage arm capacitor is connected with the epoxy casting body;
the sensor low-voltage arm capacitor is arranged in the shielding box;
the data processing unit is connected with the low-voltage arm capacitor.
Optionally, the low-voltage arm capacitor is a patch capacitor.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a steep slope based GI L discharge fault location method, including:
the GI L steep slope sensor receives GI L discharging steep slope signals generated by fault point discharging and refracted and reflected discharging steep slope signals, and the GI L steep slope sensor sends the received GI L discharging steep slope signals generated by fault point discharging and refracted and reflected discharging steep slope signals to the data processing unit;
the data processing unit receives GI L discharging steep slope signals generated by discharging of fault points and refracted and reflected discharging steep slope signals, and the data processing unit sends the received GI L discharging steep slope signals generated by discharging of the fault points and the refracted and reflected discharging steep slope signals to the router;
the router sends GI L discharging steep slope signals generated by receiving barrier point discharging and refracted discharging steep slope signals to the fault positioning unit;
and the fault positioning unit is used for positioning the fault point after receiving the GI L discharging steep slope signal generated by fault point discharging and the refracted and reflected discharging steep slope signal.
Optionally, the fault locating unit, after receiving the GI L discharging steep slope signal generated by the fault discharging and the refracted discharging steep slope signal, locating the fault point includes:
the fault location unit calculates the general fault and the high-resistance fault according to a single-end location algorithm by calculating the time difference between the GI L discharging steep slope signal generated by the first fault point discharging and the discharging steep slope signal after the refraction and reflection, so as to obtain the position of the fault point.
Optionally, the pair of general faults includes:
the fault location unit calculates the fault point position by calculating the time difference between the GI L discharging steep slope signal generated by the first fault point discharging and the discharging steep slope signal after the refraction and reflection as shown in the following formula:
wherein x is the distance between the fault point and the measuring point; t is t1,t2Generating the time of the 1 st arrival of the steep wave at the measuring point and the time of the 1 st reflection of the steep wave from the fault point to the measuring point respectively for the fault; v is the velocity of propagation of the steep wave.
Optionally, the calculating the high resistance fault to obtain the fault point position includes:
the fault location unit calculates the fault point position by calculating the time difference between the GI L discharging steep slope signal generated by the first fault point discharging and the discharging steep slope signal after the refraction and reflection as shown in the following formula:
where x is the distance between the fault point and the measurement point, L is the line length, t1,t3Respectively generating time of 1 st arrival of steep wave at the measuring point and time of reflection from the opposite end to the measuring point for the fault; v is the velocity of propagation of the steep wave.
The invention provides a GI L discharging fault positioning system and method based on a steep slope, the GI L discharging fault system based on the steep slope comprises a GI L shell and a three-phase GI L, each phase GI L comprises a GI L3 pipeline, the GI L4 pipeline is arranged in the GI L shell, the GI L discharging fault system based on the steep slope further comprises a hand hole, a GI L steep slope sensor, a data processing unit, a first optical network switching unit, a router, a second optical network switching unit, a fault positioning unit, a shielding box and a control room, the GI L steep slope sensor is arranged at one end of the GI L pipeline and can receive GI L discharging steep slope signals generated by discharging of a fault point and discharging steep slope signals reflected by refraction, the GI L steep slope sensor can receive GI L discharging steep slope signals generated by discharging of the fault point and discharging steep slope signals reflected by refraction, then the GI L discharging steep slope signals generated by discharging of the fault point and the discharging steep slope signals reflected by the data processing unit are sent to the fault positioning unit, the fault positioning unit can obtain fault point discharging fault positioning system based on a GI L, the fault positioning method and the fault positioning method can be realized without calibration and the installation cost of the GI L.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without any inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a GI L discharge fault location system based on a steep slope provided by the present invention;
fig. 2 is a partial schematic view of a steep slope based GI L discharge fault location system according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a GI L discharge fault location method based on a steep slope according to the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings:
the sensor comprises a 1-GI L shell, a 2-GI L pipeline, a 3-hand hole, a 4-GI L steep slope sensor, a 5-data processing unit, a 6-first optical network conversion unit, a 7-router, an 8-second optical network conversion unit, a 9-fault positioning unit, a 10-shielding box, an 11-control room, a 41-high-voltage arm capacitor, a 42-built-in electrode, a 43-epoxy casting body and a 44-sensor low-voltage arm capacitor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In a first aspect, referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a steep-slope-based GI L discharge fault location system, where the steep-slope-based GI L discharge fault system includes a GI L housing 1 and a three-phase GI L, each phase GI L includes a GI L pipe 2, the GI L pipe 2 is disposed in the GI L housing 1, and the steep-slope-based GI L discharge fault system further includes a hand hole 3, a GI L steep-slope sensor 4, a data processing unit 5, a first optical switching network unit 6, a router 7, a second optical switching network unit 8, a fault location unit 9, a shielding box 10, and a control room 11, where:
the hand hole 3 is arranged at one end of the GI L pipeline 2;
the GI L hill sensor 4 is mounted in the hand hole 3;
the data processing unit 5 is connected with the GI L steep slope sensor 4;
the first optical network switching unit 6 is connected with the data processing unit 5;
the first optical network switching unit 6 is connected with the router 7 through the second optical network switching unit 8;
the fault location unit 9 is connected with the router 7;
the data processing unit 5 and the first optical network switching unit 6 are both arranged in the shielding box 10;
the fault location unit 9, the router 7 and the second optical network switching unit 8 are all arranged in the control room 11.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 2, the GI L steep slope sensor 4 includes a high voltage arm capacitor 41, a built-in electrode 42, an epoxy potting 43, and a sensor low voltage arm capacitor 44, wherein:
one end of the high-voltage arm capacitor 41 is connected to the GI L pipe 2, and the other end of the high-voltage arm capacitor 41 is connected to the built-in electrode 42;
the epoxy casting 43 is connected to the built-in electrode 42;
the low-voltage arm capacitor 44 is connected to the epoxy potting body 43;
the sensor low-voltage arm capacitance 44 is arranged in the shielding box 10;
the data processing unit 5 is connected to the low-voltage arm capacitor 44.
Optionally, the low-voltage arm capacitor 44 is a patch capacitor.
The GI L steep sensor 4 receives the steep signal and the refracted steep signal at different times.
The length of each phase GI L in the GI L power transmission system is L, the distance between a fault point and a steep wave sensor is x, a steep wave signal generated by discharge of the fault point propagates to the GI L steep wave sensor 4 along the GI L pipeline 2, the steep wave sensor 4 receives the steep wave signal and the steep wave signal after folding and reflection at different times, and the steep wave sensor 4 sends the steep wave signal to the data processing unit 5 after receiving the steep wave signal and the steep wave signal after folding and reflection.
And the data processing unit 5 is used for storing steep wave signals received by the steep wave sensor 4 and sending the steep wave signals to the fault positioning unit 9 through the first optical network switching unit 6 and the second optical network switching unit 8, wherein the epoxy casting body 43 is connected with the data processing unit 5 through the low-voltage arm capacitor 44.
In a second aspect, referring to fig. 3, the present invention provides a steep slope based GI L discharge fault location method, including:
s10, the GI L steep slope sensor 4 receives GI L discharging steep slope signals generated by discharging of fault points and refracted and reflected discharging steep slope signals, and the GI L steep slope sensor 4 sends the received GI L discharging steep slope signals generated by discharging of the fault points and refracted and reflected discharging steep slope signals to the data processing unit 5;
s11, the data processing unit 5 receives GI L discharging steep slope signals generated by fault point discharging and refracted and reflected discharging steep slope signals, and the data processing unit 5 sends the received GI L discharging steep slope signals generated by fault point discharging and refracted and reflected discharging steep slope signals to the router 7;
s12, the router 7 sends GI L discharging steep slope signals generated by fault point discharging and refracted and reflected discharging steep slope signals to the fault positioning unit 9;
s13, the fault location unit 9 receives GI L discharging steep slope signal generated by fault point discharging and refracted and reflected discharging steep slope signal to locate the fault point.
Optionally, the fault locating unit 9, after receiving the GI L discharging steep slope signal generated by the fault discharging and the refracted discharging steep slope signal, locating the fault point includes:
the fault location unit 9 calculates the general fault and the high resistance fault according to the single-end location algorithm by calculating the time difference between the GI L discharging steep slope signal generated by the first fault point discharging and the discharging steep slope signal after the refraction and reflection, so as to obtain the position of the fault point.
Optionally, the pair of general faults includes:
the fault location unit 9 calculates the fault point position by calculating the time difference between the GI L discharging steep slope signal generated by the first fault point discharging and the discharging steep slope signal after the refraction and reflection, as shown in the following formula:
wherein x is the distance between the fault point and the measuring point; t is t1,t2Generating the time of the 1 st arrival of the steep wave at the measuring point and the time of the 1 st reflection of the steep wave from the fault point to the measuring point respectively for the fault; v is the velocity of propagation of the steep wave.
Optionally, the calculating the high resistance fault to obtain the fault point position includes:
the fault location unit calculates the fault point position by calculating the time difference between the GI L discharging steep slope signal generated by the first fault point discharging and the discharging steep slope signal after the refraction and reflection as shown in the following formula:
where x is the distance between the fault point and the measurement point, L is the line length, t1,t3Time of arrival at the measuring point of the 1 st steep wave generated for the fault and its slaveThe time of reflection of the opposite end back to the measurement point; v is the velocity of propagation of the steep wave.
The invention provides a GI L discharging fault positioning system and method based on a steep slope, the GI L discharging fault system based on the steep slope comprises a GI L casing 1 and a three-phase GI L1, each phase GI L comprises a GI L3 pipeline 2, the GI L4 pipeline 2 is arranged in the GI L casing 1, the GI L discharging fault system based on the steep slope further comprises a hand hole 3, a GI L steep slope sensor 4, a data processing unit 5, a first optical switching network unit 6, a router 7, a second optical switching network unit 8, a fault positioning unit 9, a shielding box 10 and a control room 11, the GI L steep slope sensor 4 is arranged at one end of the GI L pipeline 2, the GI L steep slope sensor 4 can receive GI L discharging signals generated by discharging of a fault point and steep discharging signals after refraction and reflection, then the GI 9634 discharging signals generated by discharging of the fault point and the GI 969 discharging fault signals after refraction and reflection can be greatly positioned without calibration based on the GI 3985 discharging fault point, the fault positioning system can be obtained by the method based on the GI 854, and the GI 3985 positioning system can be used for greatly improving the fault positioning accuracy.
The foregoing is merely a detailed description of the invention, and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations by those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, and should be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A steep slope based GI L discharge fault location system, steep slope based GI L discharge fault system includes GI L shell (1) and three-phase GI L, every looks GI L all includes a GI L pipeline (2), GI L pipeline (2) set up in GI L shell (1), characterized in that, steep slope based GI L discharge fault system still includes hand hole (3), GI L steep slope sensor (4), data processing unit (5), first light network switching unit (6), router (7), second light network switching unit (8), fault location unit (9), shielded box (10) and control room (11), wherein:
the hand hole (3) is arranged at one end of the GI L pipeline (2);
the GI L steep slope sensor (4) is arranged in the hand hole (3);
the data processing unit (5) is connected with the GI L steep slope sensor (4);
the first optical network switching unit (6) is connected with the data processing unit (5);
the first optical network switching unit (6) is connected with the router (7) through the second optical network switching unit (8);
the fault positioning unit (9) is connected with the router (7);
the data processing unit (5) and the first optical network switching unit (6) are both arranged in the shielding box (10);
the fault positioning unit (9), the router (7) and the second optical network switching unit (8) are all arranged in the control room (11).
2. The steep grade based GI L discharge fault location system of claim 1, wherein the GI L steep grade sensor (4) comprises a high voltage arm capacitance (41), a built-in electrode (42), an epoxy potting (43), and a sensor low voltage arm capacitance (44), wherein:
one end of the high-voltage arm capacitor (41) is connected with the GI L pipeline (2), and the other end of the high-voltage arm capacitor (41) is connected with the built-in electrode (42);
the epoxy casting body (43) is connected with the built-in electrode (42);
the low-voltage arm capacitor (44) is connected with the epoxy casting body (43);
the sensor low-voltage arm capacitance (44) is arranged in the shielding box (10);
the data processing unit (5) is connected with the low-voltage arm capacitor (44).
3. The steep slope based GI L discharge fault location system of claim 2, wherein the low voltage arm capacitance (44) is a patch capacitance.
4. A GI L discharge fault location method based on a steep slope is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the GI L steep slope sensor receives GI L discharging steep slope signals generated by fault point discharging and refracted and reflected discharging steep slope signals, and the GI L steep slope sensor sends the received GI L discharging steep slope signals generated by fault point discharging and refracted and reflected discharging steep slope signals to the data processing unit;
the data processing unit receives GI L discharging steep slope signals generated by discharging of fault points and refracted and reflected discharging steep slope signals, and the data processing unit sends the received GI L discharging steep slope signals generated by discharging of the fault points and the refracted and reflected discharging steep slope signals to the router;
the router sends GI L discharging steep slope signals generated by receiving barrier point discharging and refracted discharging steep slope signals to the fault positioning unit;
and the fault positioning unit is used for positioning the fault point after receiving the GI L discharging steep slope signal generated by fault point discharging and the refracted and reflected discharging steep slope signal.
5. The steep slope based GI L discharge fault location method of claim 4, wherein the fault location unit receiving GI L discharge steep slope signal generated by fault point discharge and refracted discharge steep slope signal to locate the fault point comprises:
the fault location unit calculates the general fault and the high-resistance fault according to a single-end location algorithm by calculating the time difference between the GI L discharging steep slope signal generated by the first fault point discharging and the discharging steep slope signal after the refraction and reflection, so as to obtain the position of the fault point.
6. The steep slope based GI L discharge fault location method of claim 5, wherein the pair of general faults comprises:
the fault location unit calculates the fault point position by calculating the time difference between the GI L discharging steep slope signal generated by the first fault point discharging and the discharging steep slope signal after the refraction and reflection as shown in the following formula:
wherein x is the distance between the fault point and the measuring point; t is t1,t2Generating the time of the 1 st arrival of the steep wave at the measuring point and the time of the 1 st reflection of the steep wave from the fault point to the measuring point respectively for the fault; v is the velocity of propagation of the steep wave.
7. The steep slope based GI L discharge fault location method of claim 5, wherein the calculating the high resistance fault to obtain a fault location comprises:
the fault location unit calculates the fault point position by calculating the time difference between the GI L discharging steep slope signal generated by the first fault point discharging and the discharging steep slope signal after the refraction and reflection as shown in the following formula:
where x is the distance between the fault point and the measurement point, L is the line length, t1,t3Respectively generating time of 1 st arrival of steep wave at the measuring point and time of reflection from the opposite end to the measuring point for the fault; v is the velocity of propagation of the steep wave.
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CN111830452B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2023-05-23 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Method and simulation equipment for verifying reliability of double-end ranging positioning formula |
CN113433435A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Steep wave measurement trigger device based on electric signal |
CN113702778A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-26 | 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 | GIL arc discharge fault positioning method and system |
CN113702778B (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2024-05-24 | 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 | GIL arc discharge fault positioning method and system |
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