CN115856457B - Transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system and method - Google Patents
Transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system and method of a transformer substation, comprising a receiving unit, a receiving unit and a receiving unit, wherein the receiving unit is symmetrically arranged on a plane where each diagonal line of the transformer substation is positioned and is used for receiving noise signals generated by internal equipment of the transformer substation; the input end of the signal conditioning unit is electrically connected with the output end of the receiving unit and is used for carrying out band-pass filtering and amplification treatment on noise signals; the input end of the output processing unit is electrically connected with the output end of the signal conditioning unit, the amplitude comparison and the state output are further carried out on the noise signals processed by the signal conditioning unit, meanwhile, the occurrence time of the electromagnetic noise signals is recorded, the transformer station position for generating the high-frequency electromagnetic noise signals is estimated through the time of the electromagnetic noise signals reaching each receiving unit, and the preventive maintenance is better realized through periodically monitoring the occurrence position and the frequency of the high-frequency noise.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power monitoring equipment, in particular to a high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system and method for a transformer substation.
Background
The transformer substation is used for electric energy conversion and distribution of an electric power system, a plurality of electric power equipment is arranged inside the transformer substation, and stable operation of the electric power equipment is guaranteed to be reliable. In the operation process of the transformer substation, besides magnetostrictive noise of the transformer core, transformer oil tank noise, fan operation noise and mechanical noise, corona discharge or partial discharge can be generated locally, and high-frequency electromagnetic noise signals can be generated simultaneously with the discharge phenomena. By monitoring such high frequency electromagnetic noise signals, a noise-generating portion or a noise-generating portion can be obtained so as to shift the conventional maintenance to the prior prevention.
Chinese patent application publication No. CN112986759a discloses a detection device, which detects ultrasonic noise generated by power transmission and distribution equipment through an ultrasonic sensor, but the equipment is easily affected by magnetostriction of an iron core of a transformer station, vibration of an oil tank, fan noise and environmental noise, so that interference to monitoring is great, and in general, ultrasonic monitoring needs to be performed at midnight and at a low wind speed, resulting in great limitation to use of monitoring equipment. Electromagnetic noise generated by substation equipment is often concentrated in a high-frequency band, and abnormal high-frequency electromagnetic noise is transmitted to a power grid through a transformer, so that adverse effects are caused on the power grid equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a positioning analysis system and a positioning analysis method for high-frequency electromagnetic noise of a transformer substation, so as to discover the change condition and the occurrence position of the high-frequency electromagnetic noise of the transformer substation in time and perform intervention or overhaul as soon as possible.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system and method for judging an electromagnetic noise generation part based on ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic waves.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
in one aspect, the present invention provides a high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system for a transformer substation, comprising
The receiving units are symmetrically arranged on planes of diagonal lines of the transformer substation and are used for receiving electromagnetic noise signals generated by internal equipment of the transformer substation;
the input end of the signal conditioning unit is electrically connected with the output end of the receiving unit and is used for carrying out band-pass filtering and amplification treatment on electromagnetic noise signals;
and the input end of the output processing unit is electrically connected with the output end of the signal conditioning unit, the electromagnetic noise signals processed by the signal conditioning unit are further subjected to amplitude comparison and state output, the occurrence time of the electromagnetic noise is recorded, and the transformer station position for generating the electromagnetic noise signals is estimated by determining the starting time of the electromagnetic noise signals reaching each receiving unit.
On the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, the receiving unit comprises a base, a lifting mechanism and a receiving sensor; the base is arranged on a plane where a diagonal line of the transformer substation is located and is opposite to the ridge line in the vertical direction of the transformer substation; the movable end of the lifting mechanism is provided with a receiving sensor, a signal conditioning unit and an output processing unit; the receiving sensor is electrically connected with the input end of the signal conditioning unit.
Preferably, the distances between the receiving units located on the planes on which the diagonals of different substations lie and the substations are not identical.
Preferably, the distance between the base and the ridge line in the vertical direction of the transformer substation is more than 2 times of the length of the diagonal line of the transformer substation.
Preferably, the lifting mechanism comprises a sleeve jacking mechanism and a plurality of shells; one end of the sleeve jacking mechanism is fixedly connected with the end face, far away from the ground, of the base, and the sleeve jacking mechanism vertically and outwards extends along the direction far away from the base; the shells are sequentially nested and arranged on the end face, far away from the base, of the sleeve jacking mechanism, and adjacent shells can be connected in a sliding manner; the shell positioned at the innermost side is fixedly connected with the movable end of the sleeve jacking mechanism, and a receiving sensor, a signal conditioning unit and an output processing unit are arranged on the end face of the shell facing one side of the transformer substation.
Preferably, the receiving sensors of the receiving units located on the planes on which the diagonals of the different substations lie are not exactly the same height from the ground.
Preferably, an electromagnetic wave absorption layer is arranged on the end face of one side, close to the transformer substation, of the plurality of shells, and an electromagnetic wave reflection layer is arranged on the end face of one side, far away from the transformer substation, of the plurality of shells.
Preferably, the signal conditioning unit includes a band-pass filter and at least one low noise amplifier LNA, an input end of the band-pass filter is in signal connection with an output end of the receiving sensor, an output end of the band-pass filter is electrically connected with an input end of the low noise amplifier LNA, and an output end of the low noise amplifier LNA is electrically connected with an input end of the output processing unit.
Preferably, the output processing unit comprises a voltage comparing unit, an MCU, an RTC unit, a wireless transmission unit and a field receiving unit; the first input end of the voltage comparison unit is electrically connected with the output end of the low-noise amplifier, the second input end of the voltage comparison unit is electrically connected with the reference voltage, the voltage comparison unit outputs a comparison result to the MCU, the RTC unit is electrically connected with the MCU, a real-time clock is provided for the MCU, and the MCU records the starting time and the duration time of the comparison result output by the voltage comparison unit; the MCU is in communication connection with the field receiving unit through the wireless transmission unit, and the wireless transmission unit outputs the comparison result, the starting time and the duration of the voltage comparison unit to the field receiving unit through the wireless transmission unit.
On the other hand, the invention provides a method for monitoring high-frequency electromagnetic noise of a transformer substation, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of the transformer substation is arranged along the extending direction of the surface where the diagonal lines of the transformer substation are located at the periphery of the transformer substation which is put into operation outdoors, namely at least two pairs of high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the transformer substation are arranged on the plane where the two diagonal lines of the transformer substation are located, and the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the transformer substation are arranged opposite to each ridge line of the transformer substation;
s2: the distance R1 from the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation to the geometric center of the transformer substation is kept consistent, so that the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation can acquire effective electromagnetic noise signals; the method comprises the steps that through transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems located on planes where all diagonals are located, the time and duration of arrival of electromagnetic noise signals are respectively obtained by the transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems, and for the same noise signal, a group of position coordinates S1 are obtained according to world coordinate system coordinates of a pair of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems located on the planes where the same diagonals are located and differences of arrival time of the respectively obtained noise signals;
s3: then, adjusting the distance R2 from one pair of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems to the geometric center of the transformer substation, and keeping the distance R1 from the other pair of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems to the geometric center of the transformer substation unchanged; acquiring the arrival time and duration time of the noise signals by the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the transformer substations, and acquiring another group of position coordinates S2 again aiming at the same noise signal;
s4: further arranging all high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the transformer substations on virtual spherical surfaces of distances R2 from the geometric centers of the transformer substations respectively, acquiring the arrival time and duration of noise signals respectively by the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the transformer substations again, and acquiring another group of position coordinates S3 again aiming at the same noise signals;
s5: the heights of the movable end of the lifting mechanism and the receiving sensor are regulated, the processes S2-S4 are repeated, the smallest spherical area simultaneously containing the position coordinates S1, S2 and S3 is fitted, the volume of the spherical area is minimized, and the inner space of the spherical area is used as an occurrence part of electromagnetic noise signals;
s6: and (2) sequentially performing the steps S2-S5 on each noise signal until the identification of the occurrence part is completed on the effective electromagnetic noise signals received by the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation.
Compared with the prior art, the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system and method for the transformer substation have the following beneficial effects:
according to the scheme, the adjustable receiving units are distributed in the surrounding area of the transformer substation building, electromagnetic wave signals sent by internal equipment of the transformer substation are received, noise signals from the same source are received through different receiving units, and the approximate occurrence position of the noise signals is identified and primarily estimated; because the electromagnetic wave frequency band signal is basically not overlapped with the ultrasonic wave frequency band, the detection is not affected by the sound wave, and the observation condition and the environmental noise are not strictly required;
the receiving unit can change the distance or the height between the receiving sensor and the signal conditioning unit as well as between the receiving unit and the output processing unit relative to the geometric center of electromagnetic noise, so as to obtain a plurality of groups of measured values to plan the approximate range of noise signal generation;
the electromagnetic wave absorption layer and the electromagnetic wave reflection layer are further arranged on the shell, so that external interference is eliminated, and monitoring accuracy is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of an arrangement position of a high frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of a transformer substation according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a high frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of a substation according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view, in half section, of a high frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system for a substation according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a noise signal processing and transmission flow of a high frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of a transformer substation according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the initial position of each high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring method of the transformer substation according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a portion of a high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of a transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring method according to the present invention after position adjustment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a transformer substation high frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring method according to the present invention after the positions of all high frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems are adjusted;
fig. 8 is a flowchart of a high frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system and method for a transformer substation according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. a receiving unit; 2. a signal conditioning unit; 3. an output processing unit; 11. a base; 12. a lifting mechanism; 13. a receiving sensor; 121. a sleeve jacking mechanism; 122. a housing; 31. a voltage comparing unit; 32. an RTC unit; 33. a wireless transmission unit; 34. and a field receiving unit.
Description of the embodiments
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will clearly and fully describe the technical aspects of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
1-7, in one aspect, the present invention provides a high frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system for a substation, comprising
The receiving unit 1 is symmetrically arranged on a plane where each diagonal line of the transformer substation is located and is used for receiving electromagnetic noise signals generated by internal equipment of the transformer substation; noise signals typically belong to the UHF band signals and require a dedicated sensor for signal reception.
The input end of the signal conditioning unit 2 is electrically connected with the output end of the receiving unit 1 and is used for carrying out band-pass filtering and amplification treatment on electromagnetic noise signals; the electromagnetic noise signal has a wider frequency band and weaker signal, so that the received electromagnetic noise signal needs to be filtered and amplified, and further scanned and compared in the wider frequency band.
And the input end of the output processing unit 3 is electrically connected with the output end of the signal conditioning unit 2, further performs amplitude comparison and state output on the electromagnetic noise signals processed by the signal conditioning unit 2, records the time of occurrence of the electromagnetic noise signals, and estimates the transformer station position for generating the electromagnetic noise signals by acquiring the time of arrival of the electromagnetic noise signals at each receiving unit 1. Because a plurality of groups of receiving units 1, corresponding signal conditioning units 2 and output processing units 3 are symmetrically arranged, each position can effectively receive electromagnetic noise signals, but due to the distance relation, the time of the same electromagnetic noise signal reaching each receiving unit 1 is different, and by analyzing the difference, the position of occurrence of the electromagnetic noise signal is favorably searched by combining each receiving unit 1 with the known position.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the receiving unit 1 includes a base 11, a lifting mechanism 12, and a receiving sensor 13; the base 11 is arranged on a plane where a diagonal line of the transformer substation is located and is opposite to the ridge line in the vertical direction of the transformer substation; the lifting mechanism 12 is arranged at one end of the base 11 far away from the ground, the fixed end of the lifting mechanism 12 is fixedly connected with the base 11, and the receiving sensor 13, the signal conditioning unit 2 and the output processing unit 3 are arranged at the movable end of the lifting mechanism 12; the receiving sensor 13 is electrically connected with the input end of the signal conditioning unit 2. The output interface of the receiving sensor 13 in the scheme is an SMA joint. The base 11 of the receiving unit 1 is movable along the ground and locks the current position of the base 11. The lifting mechanism 12 is arranged above the base, and the height of the lifting mechanism 12 relative to the base 11 can be adjusted, so that the height of the receiving sensor 13 can be adapted to the height of the transformer substation, and the defect that part of the transformer substation has a hardening foundation and the receiving sensor 13 cannot be right against the ridge line is overcome.
As a preferred embodiment of the present solution, the distances between the receiving units 1 located on the planes on which the diagonals of different substations lie and the substations are not exactly the same. The distance between the base 11 and the ridge line in the vertical direction of the transformer substation is 2 times or more the length of the diagonal line of the transformer substation. The propagation speed of electromagnetic waves is extremely high, so that reasonable distance between the receiving unit 1 and the transformer substation is kept, delay reaching different receiving units 1 is observed during measurement, accuracy of monitoring measurement is improved, and the distance is too short.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the drawings illustrate a specific construction of the lift mechanism 12. The lifting mechanism 12 comprises a sleeve jacking mechanism 121 and a plurality of shells 122; one end of the sleeve jacking mechanism 121 is fixedly connected with the end face, far away from the ground, of the base 11, and the sleeve jacking mechanism 121 vertically and outwards extends along the direction far away from the base 11; the plurality of shells 122 are sequentially nested and arranged on the end surface of the sleeve jacking mechanism 121 far away from the base 11, and the adjacent shells 122 can be connected in a sliding manner; the innermost shell 122 is fixedly connected with the movable end of the sleeve jacking mechanism 121, and the shell 122 is provided with a receiving sensor 13, a signal conditioning unit 2 and an output processing unit 3 towards one side end surface of the transformer substation. The lifting mechanism 12 is lifted in sections, as shown in the figure, a piston rod is arranged at the center of the sleeve jacking mechanism 121, bosses are arranged at one ends of the piston rod and the shells 122 close to the base 11, and a sliding chute for sliding adjacent shells and a supporting part for limiting are also arranged on the shells; correspondingly, a plurality of sleeves are sequentially nested outside the piston rod, the adjacent sleeves can slide, the sleeve positioned at the outermost side of the piston rod is fixedly and hermetically connected with the base, the size of the sleeve in the axial direction is matched with the size of the shell 122 along the axial direction of the piston rod, and the shell at the outermost side is fixedly arranged relative to the base. When hydraulic oil is injected into the piston rod and the adjacent sleeve, the piston rod is vertically jacked, and the piston rod drives the shell 122 positioned at the innermost side to synchronously lift; when the piston rod reaches the top of the adjacent first-stage sleeve, the boss at the end of the piston rod is propped against the step part at the top of the sleeve, meanwhile, the innermost shell 122 also reaches the limit height, and the boss on the innermost shell can prop against the boss at one end of the adjacent shell, which is far away from the base, so that the synchronous lifting and lowering movement of the sleeve at the outer side of the piston rod and the shell is realized, the whole volume of the receiving unit 1 is reduced, and the function of multi-stage height adjustment is provided.
Since the receiving unit 1 has the height-segment adjusting function described above, the heights of the receiving sensors 13 of the receiving units 1 located on the planes on which the diagonals of the different substations are located may be set to be the same or different from the ground.
In order to better improve the electromagnetic wave absorption effect on noise signals and the reflection capability of external electromagnetic wave signals, an electromagnetic wave absorption layer is arranged on the end face of one side of each shell 122, which is close to the transformer substation, and an electromagnetic wave reflection layer is arranged on the end face of one side of each shell 122, which is far away from the transformer substation. The electromagnetic wave reflecting layer can be coated on the surface area of each shell 122 far away from the transformer substation by adopting a homogeneous compact metal sheet metal shell. The electromagnetic wave absorption layer is used for avoiding noise signals from being reflected at the end face of a shell close to the transformer substation and interfering with other receiving sensors 13, especially the receiving sensors 13 which are arranged oppositely in the same plane. The electromagnetic wave absorbing layer can be a coating made of ferrite electromagnetic wave absorbing material. The high frequency band has interference signals such as industrial noise and wireless communication, and the influence of the interference signals in the environment on the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of the transformer substation can be eliminated by arranging the electromagnetic wave reflecting layer.
As shown in fig. 4, the diagram shows the internal structure of a signal conditioning unit 2. The signal conditioning unit 2 comprises a band-pass filter and at least one low-noise amplifier LNA, wherein the input end of the band-pass filter is in signal connection with the output end of the receiving sensor 13, the output end of the band-pass filter is electrically connected with the input end of the low-noise amplifier LNA, and the output end of the low-noise amplifier LNA is electrically connected with the input end of the output processing unit 3. The band-pass filter is a nine-order passive filter, and compared with the active filter, the passive filter can not introduce new interference signals. The first-stage filter, the third-stage filter, the fifth-stage filter, the seventh-stage filter and the ninth-stage filter of the band-pass filter are all LC series links, and the inductance L1 and the capacitance C1 of the first-stage filter are the same as the parameters of the inductance L9 and the capacitance C9 of the ninth-stage filter; the inductance L3 and the capacitance C3 of the third stage filter are the same as the parameters of the inductance L7 and the capacitance C7 of the seventh stage filter. The second-stage filter, the fourth-stage filter, the sixth-stage filter and the eighth-stage filter of the band-pass filter are all LC parallel links, and the inductance L2 and the capacitance C2 of the second-stage filter are the same as the parameters of the inductance L8 and the capacitance C8 of the eighth-stage filter; the inductance L4 and the capacitance C4 of the fourth stage filter are the same as the parameters of the inductance L6 and the capacitance C6 of the sixth stage filter. The parameters of each capacitor are tens of uF levels, and the parameters of each inductor are nH levels.
As also shown in fig. 4, the output processing unit 3 includes a voltage comparing unit 31, an MCU, an RTC unit 32, a wireless transmission unit 33, and a field receiving unit 34; the first input end of the voltage comparison unit 31 is electrically connected with the output end of the low-noise amplifier, the second input end of the voltage comparison unit 31 is electrically connected with the reference voltage, the voltage comparison unit 31 outputs a comparison result to the MCU, the RTC unit 32 is electrically connected with the MCU, a real-time clock is provided for the MCU, and the MCU records the starting time and the duration of the output comparison result of the voltage comparison unit 31; the MCU is communicatively connected to the site receiving unit 34 through the wireless transmitting unit 33, and the result of the comparison, the start time and the duration time outputted from the voltage comparing unit 31 are transmitted to the site receiving unit 34 through the wireless transmitting unit 33 by the wireless transmitting unit 33.
The voltage comparing unit 31 is configured to compare the amplitude of the electromagnetic noise signal amplified by the low noise amplifier LNA with the reference voltage VREF, and identify an effective noise signal after exceeding the reference voltage VERF and stabilizing for a period of time, and the voltage comparing unit 31 is configured to output a corresponding high level signal, and when the MCU receives the signal, record the start time and duration of receiving the high level signal, where the effective value and duration of the high level signal are used to compare with the effective value and duration of the high level signal received by the output processing unit 3 of another transformer substation high frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system located on the same diagonal line and having the same duration. The two high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the transformer substation receive the time difference between the same electromagnetic noise signal, and according to the time difference and the world coordinate system coordinates of the receiving sensor 13, the transformer substation position where the noise signal occurs can be obtained through calculation.
The reference voltage VREF is not a fixed value, but is an extreme value that changes according to time variation, and the frequency of the reference voltage VERF is typically several times that of the power frequency signal. In order to simplify the comparison workload and reduce the voltage comparison, a frequency hopping interval scanning mode can be adopted to scan the power frequency signal integers which are arranged at intervals in the frequency bandThe voltage comparing unit 31 records the discrete frequency band having the signal exceeding the reference voltage VERF as the reference of the subsequent frequency hopping sectional scanning, such asK*50Hz）±L Hz, in brackets, is an integer multiple of the power frequency signalKAs the center frequency of the discrete frequency band of the frequency hopping sweep,Lis a single-sided frequency range of a discrete frequency band with the center frequency as a reference.
Two conditions are of concern when electromagnetic noise signals are recorded: the extremum of the waveform of the odd number of consecutive periods starting at the electromagnetic noise signal reception time, and the survival time exceeding the reference voltage VREF of the odd number of consecutive periods starting at the electromagnetic noise signal reception time. Since the distances between a group of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems located on the same diagonal plane and the center of the transformer substation are equal, waveforms of electromagnetic noise signals received by a plurality of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems are similar to each other for the same electromagnetic noise signal, but time may be delayed, and the received waveforms are judged to belong to the same electromagnetic noise signal by judging extreme values of waveforms of odd continuous periods and comparing survival time exceeding a reference voltage VREF in each odd continuous period.
As shown in fig. 1 in combination with fig. 5, fig. 6, fig. 7 and fig. 8, the invention further provides a method for monitoring high-frequency electromagnetic noise of a transformer substation, which comprises the following steps:
s1: as shown in fig. 1, the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of the transformer substation is arranged along the extending direction of the plane where the diagonal lines of the transformer substation are located at the periphery of the transformer substation which is already put into operation outdoors, namely, at least two pairs of high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the transformer substation are respectively arranged on the planes where at least two diagonal lines of the transformer substation are located, the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the transformer substation are arranged over the edges of the transformer substation, in order to generate observable electromagnetic noise signals, the transformer substation periodically executes corresponding closing or opening actions, after the actions, the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of the transformer substation monitors the electromagnetic noise signals which are possibly generated, and the sampling detection period and the closing or opening action period of the transformer substation can be manually set, such as 10-15 minutes, so that a sufficient time interval is used for frequency hopping sectional scanning.
S2: as shown in fig. 5, the distance R1 from the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation to the geometric center of the transformer substation is kept consistent, so that the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation can acquire electromagnetic wave signals of effective high-frequency electromagnetic noise; the method comprises the steps that through transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems located on planes where all diagonals are located, the time and duration of arrival of noise signals are respectively obtained by the transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems, and for the same noise signal, a set of position coordinates S1 are obtained according to world coordinate system coordinates of a pair of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems located on the planes where the same diagonals are located and differences between the arrival times of the electromagnetic noise signals respectively obtained. And judging whether the electromagnetic noise signals are the same electromagnetic noise signals or not, wherein after the electromagnetic noise signals acquired by the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of all the transformer substations are respectively filtered and amplified, whether the extremum of the waveforms of odd continuous periods is close or not is judged in the same frequency range, and the electromagnetic noise signals which are close to the survival time exceeding the reference voltage VREF in all the odd continuous periods are considered to be the same electromagnetic noise signals, and the starting time of the electromagnetic noise signals acquired by the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of all the transformer substations is respectively recorded so as to carry out subsequent calculation. The scheme enables the extreme value of the waveform of the electromagnetic noise signal obtained by the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of the transformer substation in odd continuous periods not to exceed 2%, and the survival time exceeding the reference voltage VREF in the odd continuous periods not to exceed 10%. The survival time exceeding the reference voltage VREF for an odd number of consecutive periods received is taken as the duration of the electromagnetic noise signal.
In this case, the diagram shows a layout diagram with 4 substation high frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems, each of which receiving sensors 13 is located in the surface area of a virtual sphere a with radius R1. If the center of the electromagnetic noise generating part coincides with the geometric center of the transformer substation, the receiving sensor 13 of each transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system receives noise signals at the same time in theory. But in practice there will be deviationsResulting in a difference in the start time of arrival at the receiving sensor 13 of the high frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each substation during the electromagnetic wave transmission. The receiving sensor 13 of a transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system is used as a reference sensor, and the starting time for the noise signal to reach the reference sensor is as followstThe propagation speed of electromagnetic wave iscThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The starting time of the electromagnetic noise signal reaching the receiving sensor 13 of the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of the other transformer substation ist+Δt 1 、t+Δt 2 Andt+Δt 3 world coordinate system coordinates of the electromagnetic noise signal generating part arex，y，z) The world coordinate system coordinates of the reference sensor and the rest receiving sensor 13 are%x 1 ，y 1 ，z 1 ）、（x 2 ，y 2 ，z 2 ）、（x 3 ，y 3 ，z 3 ) And%x 4 ，y 4 ，z 4 ) The following relation is provided:
coupled with the above relation, the world coordinate system of the reference sensor and the remaining receiving sensors 13 and the start time of receiving the noise signalt、t+Δt 1 、t+Δt 2 Andt+Δt 3 since the world coordinate system coordinates S1 of the noise signal generating portion in the current layout can be obtained.
S3: then, adjusting the distance R2 from one pair of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems to the geometric center of the transformer substation, and keeping the distance R1 from the other pair of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems to the geometric center of the transformer substation unchanged; and acquiring the starting time and the duration time of the arrival of the electromagnetic noise signals by the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the transformer substations, and acquiring another group of position coordinates S2 again aiming at the same noise signal.
As shown in fig. 6, the distance from the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of a pair of transformer substations to the geometric center of the transformer substation is changed to R2, that is, the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of the pair of transformer substations is located in the surface area of the virtual sphere B, and the position from the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of the other pair of transformer substations to the transformer substation is unchanged and still is located in the surface area of the virtual sphere a. The formula in step S3 is also utilized, and the difference is that the reference sensor in this case is any one of the receiving sensors 13 in the surface area of the virtual sphere B, and the time for the remaining three receiving sensors 13 to receive the noise signal is also different from the time for the reference sensor in the current case by a time difference, and the world coordinate system coordinate S2 of the electromagnetic noise signal generating part in the current layout is obtained after calculation. The repeated measurement is to further confirm the electromagnetic noise signal generation position after changing the distance of the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation.
S4: further, all high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the transformer substations are respectively arranged on virtual spherical surfaces of distances R2 from the geometric centers of the transformer substations, the arrival time and duration time of noise signals are respectively acquired by the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the transformer substations again, and another group of position coordinates S3 are acquired again for the same noise signals.
As shown in fig. 7, all the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the transformer substation are further arranged on the surface area of the virtual sphere B, that is, the distances from the four receiving sensors 13 to the central axis of the virtual sphere B, that is, the plumb line of the center of the transformer substation set are uniform. Repeating the steps, taking the receiving sensor 13 of any virtual sphere B surface area as a reference sensor, and calculating the time difference between the time when the other three receiving sensors 13 receive the noise signals and the reference sensor of the current situation, thereby obtaining the world coordinate system coordinate S3 of the noise signal generating part under the current layout. The radius R1 of the virtual sphere a and the radius R2 of the virtual sphere B are each more than 2 times the diagonal length of the transformer substation.
S5: the heights of the movable end of the lifting mechanism 12 and the receiving sensor 13 are selectively adjusted, the process is repeated, the smallest spherical area simultaneously containing the position coordinates S1, S2 and S3 is fitted, the volume of the spherical area is minimized, and the inner space of the spherical area is used as an electromagnetic noise signal generation part.
Also shown in fig. 7, a spherical region including S1, S2, and S3 is fitted in fig. 7. However, the area may contain more transformer substation devices, and it is necessary to further reduce the inspection range of the inspection. The height of the lifting mechanism 12 of the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation can be further changed on the basis of the step S4, and the heights of the receiving sensors 13 and the ground are further not completely the same. Steps S4 and S5 are repeatedly performed to obtain a spherical region of a minimum volume including S1, S2 and S3, and the center of the spherical region of the minimum volume is fitted by at least three measurements as the center position where electromagnetic noise occurs. The high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation is adjusted, the heights of the movable end of the lifting mechanism 12 and the receiving sensor 13 are further changed, the position of the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation can be changed on the surface of the virtual spherical surface B, further measurement is carried out, for example, the position of the world coordinate system coordinate S4 or more of the noise signal generating part under the current layout is obtained, the position coordinates S1, S2, S3 or S4 are all fitted, for example, the spherical fitting is carried out by adopting a least square method, and the world coordinate system coordinate and the radius of the spherical center are output.
S6: and (2) sequentially performing the steps S2-S5 on each noise signal until the effective noise signals received by the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation are identified.
In a detection period, there may be multiple positions where electromagnetic noise occurs in the transformer substation, and the positions may have different frequencies, amplitudes, starting times and durations, and the voltage comparing unit 31 of the corresponding high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation outputs a corresponding high-level signal and a corresponding duration, where the durations are the same and identified as the same electromagnetic noise signal, and the spherical area of the occurrence position of each electromagnetic noise signal is sequentially determined for the electromagnetic noise signal according to the steps S2-S5, so as to realize identification of each electromagnetic noise occurrence position.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of a transformer substation is characterized by comprising
The receiving units (1) are symmetrically arranged on planes of diagonal lines of the transformer substation and are used for receiving electromagnetic noise signals generated by internal equipment of the transformer substation;
the input end of the signal conditioning unit (2) is electrically connected with the output end of the receiving unit (1) and is used for carrying out band-pass filtering and amplifying treatment on electromagnetic noise signals;
the input end of the output processing unit (3) is electrically connected with the output end of the signal conditioning unit (2), the electromagnetic noise signals processed by the signal conditioning unit (2) are further subjected to amplitude comparison and state output, the occurrence time of the electromagnetic noise is recorded, and the transformer substation position for generating the electromagnetic noise signals is estimated by determining the starting time of the electromagnetic noise signals reaching each receiving unit (1);
the receiving unit (1) comprises a base (11), a lifting mechanism (12) and a receiving sensor (13); the base (11) is arranged on a plane where the diagonal line of the transformer substation is located and is opposite to the ridge line in the vertical direction of the transformer substation; one end of the base (11) far away from the ground is provided with a lifting mechanism (12), a fixed end of the lifting mechanism (12) is fixedly connected with the base (11), and a movable end of the lifting mechanism (12) is provided with a receiving sensor (13), a signal conditioning unit (2) and an output processing unit (3); the receiving sensor (13) is electrically connected with the input end of the signal conditioning unit (2);
the distance between a group of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise receiving units positioned on the same diagonal plane and the center of the transformer substation is equal, and the distances between the receiving units (1) positioned on the planes of the diagonals of different transformer substations and the transformer substations are not identical;
the distance between the base (11) and the ridge line in the vertical direction of the transformer substation is more than 2 times of the length of the diagonal line of the transformer substation;
the lifting mechanism (12) comprises a sleeve jacking mechanism (121) and a plurality of shells (122); one end of the sleeve jacking mechanism (121) is fixedly connected with the end face, far away from the ground, of the base (11), and the sleeve jacking mechanism (121) vertically and outwards extends along the direction far away from the base (11); the shells (122) are sequentially nested and arranged on the end face, far away from the base (11), of the sleeve jacking mechanism (121), and adjacent shells (122) can be connected in a sliding mode; the shell (122) positioned at the innermost side is fixedly connected with the movable end of the sleeve jacking mechanism (121), and a receiving sensor (13), a signal conditioning unit (2) and an output processing unit (3) are arranged on the end face of the shell (122) facing one side of the transformer substation;
the heights of receiving sensors (13) of receiving units (1) positioned on planes of diagonal lines of different substations from the ground are not identical;
the method for monitoring the high-frequency electromagnetic noise of the transformer substation comprises the following steps:
s1: a high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of the transformer substation is arranged along the extending direction of the surface where the diagonal lines of the transformer substation are located at the periphery of the transformer substation which is put into operation outdoors, namely, at least two pairs of high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the transformer substation are arranged on the plane where the two diagonal lines of the transformer substation are located, and the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the transformer substation are arranged opposite to each ridge line of the transformer substation;
s2: the distance R1 from the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation to the geometric center of the transformer substation is kept consistent, so that the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation can acquire effective electromagnetic noise signals; the method comprises the steps that through transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems located on planes where all diagonals are located, the time and duration of arrival of electromagnetic noise signals are respectively obtained by the transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems, and for the same noise signal, a group of position coordinates S1 are obtained according to world coordinate system coordinates of a pair of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems located on the planes where the same diagonals are located and differences of arrival time of the respectively obtained noise signals;
s3: then, adjusting the distance R2 from one pair of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems to the geometric center of the transformer substation, and keeping the distance R1 from the other pair of transformer substation high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems to the geometric center of the transformer substation unchanged; acquiring the arrival time and duration time of the noise signals by the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the transformer substations, and acquiring another group of position coordinates S2 again aiming at the same noise signal;
s4: further arranging all high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the transformer substations on virtual spherical surfaces of distances R2 from the geometric centers of the transformer substations respectively, acquiring the arrival time and duration of noise signals respectively by the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring systems of the transformer substations again, and acquiring another group of position coordinates S3 again aiming at the same noise signals;
s5: the heights of the movable end of the lifting mechanism (12) and the receiving sensor (13) are regulated, the processes S2-S4 are repeated, the smallest spherical area simultaneously containing the position coordinates S1, S2 and S3 is fitted, the volume of the spherical area is minimized, and the inner space of the spherical area is used as an occurrence part of electromagnetic noise signals;
s6: sequentially performing the steps S2-S5 on each noise signal until the identification of the occurrence part is completed on the effective electromagnetic noise signals received by the high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of each transformer substation;
the signal conditioning unit (2) comprises a band-pass filter and at least one low-noise amplifier (LNA), wherein the input end of the band-pass filter is in signal connection with the output end of the receiving sensor (13), the output end of the band-pass filter is electrically connected with the input end of the low-noise amplifier (LNA), and the output end of the low-noise amplifier (LNA) is electrically connected with the input end of the output processing unit (3); nine-order passive filters are selected as the band-pass filters; the first-stage filter, the third-stage filter, the fifth-stage filter, the seventh-stage filter and the ninth-stage filter of the band-pass filter are all LC series links, and the inductance L1 and the capacitance C1 of the first-stage filter are the same as the parameters of the inductance L9 and the capacitance C9 of the ninth-stage filter; the inductance L3 and the capacitance C3 of the third-stage filter are the same as the parameters of the inductance L7 and the capacitance C7 of the seventh-stage filter; the second-stage filter, the fourth-stage filter, the sixth-stage filter and the eighth-stage filter of the band-pass filter are all LC parallel links, and the inductance L2 and the capacitance C2 of the second-stage filter are the same as the parameters of the inductance L8 and the capacitance C8 of the eighth-stage filter; the inductance L4 and the capacitance C4 of the fourth stage filter are the same as the parameters of the inductance L6 and the capacitance C6 of the sixth stage filter.
2. The high-frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system of the transformer substation according to claim 1, wherein an electromagnetic wave absorption layer is arranged on the end face of one side, close to the transformer substation, of the plurality of shells (122), and an electromagnetic wave reflection layer is arranged on the end face of one side, far away from the transformer substation, of the plurality of shells (122).
3. A substation high frequency electromagnetic noise monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that the output processing unit (3) comprises a voltage comparison unit (31), an MCU, an RTC unit (32), a wireless transmission unit (33) and a field reception unit (34); the first input end of the voltage comparison unit (31) is electrically connected with the output end of the low-noise amplifier, the second input end of the voltage comparison unit (31) is electrically connected with the reference voltage, the voltage comparison unit (31) outputs a comparison result to the MCU, the RTC unit (32) is electrically connected with the MCU to provide a real-time clock for the MCU, and the MCU records the starting time and the duration time of the comparison result output by the voltage comparison unit (31); the MCU is in communication connection with the field receiving unit (34) through the wireless transmission unit (33), and the wireless transmission unit (33) outputs the comparison result, the starting time and the duration of the voltage comparison unit (31) to the field receiving unit (34) through the wireless transmission unit (33).
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| CN106076979B (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-04-06 | 云南电网有限责任公司昆明供电局 | The telescopic lowering or hoisting gear of livewire work |
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