CN113514706B - Actual measurement and evaluation method for large-scale underground engineering integral SREMP magnetic field environment - Google Patents
Actual measurement and evaluation method for large-scale underground engineering integral SREMP magnetic field environment Download PDFInfo
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
The invention relates to an actual measurement evaluation method of the magnetic field environment of a large-scale underground engineering integral SREMP, which relates to an electromagnetic environment evaluation technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electromagnetic environment assessment technology, in particular to a large-scale underground engineering integral SREMP magnetic field environment actual measurement assessment method.
Background
It is known that SREMP (Source Region Electromagnetic Pulse, source nuclear electromagnetic pulse) has low magnetic field frequency, high intensity, high energy, strong penetrability to rock-soil medium, and can enter the underground engineering through various ways to interfere or destroy the electrical equipment inside the engineering. The large underground engineering has large scale, uneven coating thickness, complex internal structure and various electromagnetic coupling paths, and is difficult to accurately evaluate the internal SREMP magnetic field environment through simulation; the indoor large SREMP environment simulator cannot be applied to field actual measurement due to the limitations of size, cost, erection difficulty and the like. Therefore, quantitative actual measurement evaluation of the whole SREMP magnetic field environment of large-scale underground engineering is limited by technical capability and cannot be performed until now. How to provide a method for actually measuring and evaluating the magnetic field environment of the whole SREMP of the large-scale underground engineering becomes a long-term technical requirement of the person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the background art, the invention provides a method for actually measuring and evaluating the magnetic field environment of the large-scale underground engineering whole SREMP, provides a scientific and effective measuring method for actually measuring and evaluating the magnetic field environment of the large-scale underground engineering whole SREMP, and can provide equipment support for actually measuring and evaluating the magnetic field environment of the large-scale underground engineering whole SREMP, such as civil engineering, urban comprehensive pipe gallery systems, urban subway systems and the like.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the actual measurement evaluation method for the magnetic field environment of the large-scale underground engineering whole SREMP comprises the following steps:
first step, preparing and laying out a measuring system:
A. and (3) arranging a measuring system:
the large antenna in the measuring system structure is arranged above the underground engineering in a ground-attached mode, and a low-frequency electromagnetic field is induced after excitation by a continuous wave current source;
B. calculating the attenuation of the magnetic induction intensity:
the attenuation of the magnetic field frequency domain under the action of the incident continuous wave with the frequency f at a certain point P in the underground engineering is expressed as follows:
wherein S is dB (f) Represents the attenuation of the continuous wave magnetic field of frequency f, B P0 (f) (or H) P0 (f) A) represents the magnetic induction intensity (or magnetic field intensity) of the continuous wave of frequency f at the ground outside the underground engineering, B P (f) (or H) P (f) Represents the magnetic induction (or magnetic field strength) at point P inside the underground works;
C. estimating impulse response from continuous wave measurements:
if the process of entering electromagnetic wave into underground engineering is regarded as a signal transmission system, it is obvious that it is a causal linear system or weak nonlinear system, and the SREMP magnetic field time domain function is set as x (t), and after passing through a system, it is output as y (t), and the transfer function of the set system is h (t), then it has the following steps of
Y(ω)＝X(ω)H(ω)
Where Y (ω), X (ω) and H (ω) are the Fourier transforms of X (t), Y (t) and H (t), respectively, and H (ω) is the frequency domain response of the system, written in the form of amplitude and phase
H(ω)＝|H(ω)|e jθ(ω)
I H (omega) I is amplitude-frequency characteristic, e jθ(ω) As the phase frequency characteristic, θ (ω) is the phase angle;
for a causal linear system, the time domain transfer function H (t) is fixed regardless of the input signal, the underground engineering coating can be regarded as a causal linear system, the phase frequency characteristics of which can be arbitrarily selected, but the phase frequency characteristics meeting the minimum phase condition are unique, and the frequency domain response of a causal linear system is set to be H (omega)
H(ω)＝H R (ω)+jH I (ω)＝|H(ω)|e jθ(ω)
Wherein the real part H of H (ω) R (ω) and imaginary part H I (omega) satisfies the Hilbert transform relationship, i.e
H I (ω)＝-Hilbert(H R (ω))
e jθ(ω) Taking natural logarithm from two sides of the phase frequency characteristic (4)
ln(H(ω))＝ln|H(ω)|+jθ(ω)
Then ln|H (ω) | and the phase angle θ (ω) also satisfy the Hilbert transform relationship, i.e
θ(ω)＝-Hilbert(ln|H(ω)|)
Therefore, θ (ω) can be estimated from |h (ω) |, and H (ω) can be calculated from
h(t)＝F -1 (H(ω))
Wherein F is -1 The inverse fourier transform is expressed, so that the internal environment of the underground works can be estimated when the incident signal is x (t) according to the formula (2);
step two, selecting a measurement frequency point and the positions of measuring points inside and outside the underground engineering, and measuring the magnetic field intensity H of all frequency points outside the underground engineering P0 (f) And the magnetic field intensity H of all frequency points in underground engineering P (f)；
Step three, calculating the attenuation S of all the measurement frequency points dB (f)；
Fourth step, pair S dB (f) Linear interpolation to obtain amplitude-frequency response |H (omega) |;
fifthly, estimating theta (omega) and H (omega) from the I H (omega) I, and calculating a time domain transfer function H (t);
step six, setting the incident electromagnetic wave x (t) outside the underground engineering as SREMP magnetic field waveforms, and calculating SREMP magnetic field environments y (t) at measuring points in the engineering;
and seventh, ending the system operation and closing the measurement system.
The measuring system comprises a continuous wave current source, a large antenna, a matcher and a magnetic field sensor, wherein the large antenna is arranged above the underground engineering in a ground-attached mode, a low-frequency electromagnetic field is induced after excitation by the continuous wave current source, the large antenna is connected with the matcher, the matcher is connected with the continuous wave current source, and the large antenna is connected with the magnetic field sensor arranged inside the underground engineering through a wireless signal.
According to the actual measurement evaluation method for the magnetic field environment of the large-scale underground engineering integral SREMP, the continuous wave current source provides stable continuous waves for system input, the working frequency band of the continuous wave current source is 1 kHz-200 kHz, and the maximum power is 1kW.
According to the actual measurement evaluation method for the magnetic field environment of the large-scale underground engineering integral SREMP, the large-scale antennas are arranged in a ground-attached mode, the low-frequency induction magnetic field is radiated, the lengths of the large-scale antennas are 1000 m-5000 m after being spliced, the lengths of single sections are 100m, and the standing wave ratio is lower than 5%.
According to the actual measurement evaluation method of the magnetic field environment of the large-scale underground engineering integral SREMP, the matcher is automatically matched to a similar impedance gear according to the grounding impedance of the large-scale antenna, so that the output efficiency of the power amplifier is improved, and the working frequency band of the matcher is 1 kHz-200 kHz.
According to the actual measurement evaluation method for the magnetic field environment of the large-scale underground engineering whole SREMP, the magnetic field sensor is low-frequency magnetic field receiving equipment, the working frequency of the magnetic field sensor is 100 Hz-200 kHz, and the lowest noise level is 5fT.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention is characterized in that the large antenna is arranged on the ground, the large antenna is connected with a magnetic field sensor arranged in the underground engineering through a wireless signal, the continuous wave low-frequency magnetic field signal received by the magnetic field sensor is collected, then the collected continuous wave low-frequency magnetic field signal is subjected to post-treatment, a scientific and effective measurement method is provided for the actual measurement and evaluation of the magnetic field environment of the large underground engineering, and supports can be provided for the actual measurement and evaluation of the magnetic field environment of the large underground engineering such as civil engineering, urban comprehensive pipe gallery systems, urban subway systems and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a layout diagram of a measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an actual measurement evaluation method in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating estimated attenuation values and phases according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an in-process estimated magnetic field waveform in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be explained in more detail by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention;
the actual measurement evaluation method for the magnetic field environment of the whole SREMP of the large-scale underground engineering specifically comprises the following steps of:
first step, preparing and laying out a measuring system:
A. and (3) arranging a measuring system:
the arrangement mode of the measuring system is shown in figure 1, a large antenna in the measuring system structure is arranged above an underground project in a ground-attached mode, and a low-frequency electromagnetic field is induced after the excitation of a continuous wave current source; when the measuring system is implemented, the measuring system comprises a continuous wave current source, a large antenna, a matcher and a magnetic field sensor, wherein the large antenna is arranged above an underground project in a sticking way, a low-frequency electromagnetic field is induced after the excitation of the continuous wave current source, the large antenna is connected with the matcher, the matcher is connected with the continuous wave current source, and the large antenna is connected with the magnetic field sensor arranged inside the underground project through a wireless signal; in the concrete implementation, the magnetic field sensor can also be connected with a data acquisition instrument and a signal processing terminal;
B. calculating the attenuation of the magnetic induction intensity:
the attenuation of the magnetic field frequency domain under the action of the incident continuous wave with the frequency f at a certain point P in the underground engineering is expressed as follows:
wherein S is dB (f) Represents the attenuation of the continuous wave magnetic field of frequency f, B P0 (f) (or H) P0 (f) A) represents the magnetic induction intensity (or magnetic field intensity) of the continuous wave of frequency f at the ground outside the underground engineering, B P (f) (or H) P (f) Represents the magnetic induction (or magnetic field strength) at point P inside the underground works;
C. estimating impulse response from continuous wave measurements:
if the process of entering electromagnetic wave into underground engineering is regarded as a signal transmission system, it is obvious that it is a causal linear system or weak nonlinear system, and the SREMP magnetic field time domain function is set as x (t), and after passing through a system, it is output as y (t), and the transfer function of the set system is h (t), then it has the following steps of
Y(ω)＝X(ω)H(ω)
Where Y (ω), X (ω) and H (ω) are the Fourier transforms of X (t), Y (t) and H (t), respectively, and H (ω) is the frequency domain response of the system, written in the form of amplitude and phase
H(ω)＝|H(ω)|e jθ(ω)
I H (omega) I is amplitude-frequency characteristic, e jθ(ω) As the phase frequency characteristic, θ (ω) is the phase angle;
for a causal linear system, the time domain transfer function H (t) is fixed regardless of the input signal, the underground engineering coating can be regarded as a causal linear system, the phase frequency characteristics of which can be arbitrarily selected, but the phase frequency characteristics meeting the minimum phase condition are unique, and the frequency domain response of a causal linear system is set to be H (omega)
H(ω)＝H R (ω)+jH I (ω)＝|H(ω)|e jθ(ω)
Wherein the real part H of H (ω) R (ω) and imaginary part H I (omega) satisfies the Hilbert transform relationship, i.e
H I (ω)＝-Hilbert(H R (ω))
e jθ(ω) Taking natural logarithm from two sides of the phase frequency characteristic (4)
ln(H(ω))＝ln|H(ω)|+jθ(ω)
Then ln|H (ω) | and the phase angle θ (ω) also satisfy the Hilbert transform relationship, i.e
θ(ω)＝-Hilbert(ln|H(ω)|)
Therefore, θ (ω) can be estimated from |h (ω) |, and H (ω) can be calculated from
h(t)＝F -1 (H(ω))
Wherein F is -1 The inverse fourier transform is expressed, so that the internal environment of the underground works can be estimated when the incident signal is x (t) according to the formula (2);
step two, selecting a measurement frequency point and the positions of measuring points inside and outside the underground engineering, and measuring the magnetic field intensity H of all frequency points outside the underground engineering P0 (f) And in underground engineeringMagnetic field strength H of all frequency points P (f)；
Step three, calculating the attenuation S of all the measurement frequency points dB (f)；
Fourth step, pair S dB (f) Linear interpolation to obtain amplitude-frequency response |H (omega) |;
fifthly, estimating theta (omega) and H (omega) from the I H (omega) I, and calculating a time domain transfer function H (t);
step six, setting the incident electromagnetic wave x (t) outside the underground engineering as SREMP magnetic field waveforms, and calculating SREMP magnetic field environments y (t) at measuring points in the engineering;
and seventh, ending the system operation and closing the measurement system.
In specific implementation, the continuous wave current source provides stable continuous waves for system input, the maximum power is 1kW, and the technical indexes are as follows:
the large antenna is arranged in a ground-attached mode, radiates a low-frequency induction magnetic field, has a length of 1000 m-5000 m after being spliced, has a single-section length of 100m, has a standing wave ratio of less than 5%, and has the following specific technical indexes:
the matcher automatically matches to a similar impedance gear according to the grounding impedance of the large antenna so as to improve the output efficiency of the power amplifier, and the matcher has the following technical indexes:
the magnetic field sensor is low-frequency magnetic field receiving equipment, the lowest noise level is 5fT, and the specific technical indexes are as follows:
specific embodiments of the invention are as follows:
the actual measurement results and the calculation results of the continuous wave magnetic field attenuation of the subway engineering of a certain city are shown in the following table:
actual measurement value of internal and external magnetic induction intensity of subway engineering in certain city and actual measurement attenuation of continuous wave magnetic field
The estimated attenuation value and phase are shown in fig. 3, and the in-engineering estimated magnetic field waveform is shown in fig. 4.
The invention is not described in detail in the prior art.
The embodiments selected herein for the purposes of disclosing the present invention are presently considered to be suitable, however, it is to be understood that the present invention is intended to include all such variations and modifications as fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A large-scale underground engineering integral SREMP magnetic field environment actual measurement evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the evaluation method specifically comprises the following steps:
first step, preparing and laying out a measuring system:
A. and (3) arranging a measuring system:
the large antenna in the measuring system structure is arranged above the underground engineering in a ground-attached mode, and a low-frequency electromagnetic field is induced after excitation by a continuous wave current source;
B. calculating the attenuation of the magnetic induction intensity:
the attenuation of the magnetic field frequency domain under the action of the incident continuous wave with the frequency f at a certain point P in the underground engineering is expressed as follows:
wherein S is dB (f) Represents the attenuation of the continuous wave magnetic field of frequency f, B P0 (f) Or H P0 (f) Representing the magnetic induction or magnetic field strength of the continuous wave of frequency f at the ground outside the underground engineering, B P (f) Or H P (f) Representing the magnetic induction intensity or the magnetic field intensity at the P point position in the underground engineering;
C. estimating impulse response from continuous wave measurements:
if the process of entering electromagnetic wave into underground engineering is regarded as a signal transmission system, it is obvious that it is a causal linear system or weak nonlinear system, and the SREMP magnetic field time domain function is set as x (t), and after passing through a system, it is output as y (t), and the transfer function of the set system is h (t), then it has the following steps of
Y(ω)＝X(ω)H(ω)
Where Y (ω), X (ω) and H (ω) are the Fourier transforms of X (t), Y (t) and H (t), respectively, and H (ω) is the frequency domain response of the system, written in the form of amplitude and phase
H(ω)＝|H(ω)|e jθ(ω)
I H (omega) I is amplitude-frequency characteristic, e jθ(ω) As the phase frequency characteristic, θ (ω) is the phase angle;
for a causal linear system, the time domain transfer function H (t) is fixed regardless of the input signal, the underground engineering coating can be regarded as a causal linear system, the phase frequency characteristics of which can be arbitrarily selected, but the phase frequency characteristics meeting the minimum phase condition are unique, and the frequency domain response of a causal linear system is set to be H (omega)
H(ω)＝H R (ω)+jH I (ω)＝|H(ω)|e jθ(ω)
Wherein the real part H of H (ω) R (ω) and imaginary part H I (ω) satisfies the Hilbert transform relationship,i.e.
H I (ω)＝-Hilbert(H R (ω))
e jθ(ω) Taking natural logarithm from two sides of the phase frequency characteristic (4)
ln(H(ω))＝ln|H(ω)|+jθ(ω)
Then ln|H (ω) | and the phase angle θ (ω) also satisfy the Hilbert transform relationship, i.e
θ(ω)＝-Hilbert(ln|H(ω)|)
Therefore, θ (ω) can be estimated from |h (ω) |, and H (ω) can be calculated from
h(t)＝F -1 (H(ω))
Wherein F is -1 The inverse fourier transform is expressed, so that the internal environment of the underground works can be estimated when the incident signal is x (t) according to the formula (2);
step two, selecting a measurement frequency point and the positions of measuring points inside and outside the underground engineering, and measuring the magnetic field intensity H of all frequency points outside the underground engineering P0 (f) And the magnetic field intensity H of all frequency points in underground engineering P (f)；
Step three, calculating the attenuation S of all the measurement frequency points dB (f)；
Fourth step, pair S dB (f) Linear interpolation to obtain amplitude-frequency response |H (omega) |;
fifthly, estimating theta (omega) and H (omega) from the I H (omega) I, and calculating a time domain transfer function H (t);
step six, setting the incident electromagnetic wave x (t) outside the underground engineering as SREMP magnetic field waveforms, and calculating SREMP magnetic field environments y (t) at measuring points in the engineering;
and seventh, ending the system operation and closing the measurement system.
2. The method for actually measuring and evaluating the magnetic field environment of the large-scale underground engineering whole SREMP according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the measuring system comprises a continuous wave current source, a large antenna, a matcher and a magnetic field sensor, wherein the large antenna is arranged above the underground engineering in a ground-attached mode, a low-frequency electromagnetic field is induced after the excitation of the continuous wave current source, the large antenna is connected with the matcher, the matcher is connected with the continuous wave current source, and the large antenna is connected with the magnetic field sensor arranged inside the underground engineering through a wireless signal.
3. The method for actually measuring and evaluating the magnetic field environment of the large-scale underground engineering whole SREMP according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the continuous wave current source provides stable continuous waves for system input, the working frequency band of the continuous wave current source is 1 kHz-200 kHz, and the maximum power is 1kW.
4. The method for actually measuring and evaluating the magnetic field environment of the large-scale underground engineering whole SREMP according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the large antenna is arranged in a ground-attached mode, radiates a low-frequency induction magnetic field, the length of the large antenna is 1000 m-5000 m after being spliced, the length of a single section is 100m, and the standing wave ratio is lower than 5%.
5. The method for actually measuring and evaluating the magnetic field environment of the large-scale underground engineering whole SREMP according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the matcher is automatically matched to a similar impedance gear according to the grounding impedance of the large antenna so as to improve the output efficiency of the power amplifier, and the working frequency band of the matcher is 1 kHz-200 kHz.
6. The method for actually measuring and evaluating the magnetic field environment of the large-scale underground engineering whole SREMP according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the magnetic field sensor is low-frequency magnetic field receiving equipment, the working frequency of the magnetic field sensor is 100 Hz-200 kHz, and the lowest noise level is 5fT.
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