CN115855294B - Thermocouple with impact overload resistance and preparation method and test method thereof - Google Patents
Thermocouple with impact overload resistance and preparation method and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115855294B CN115855294B CN202310148284.8A CN202310148284A CN115855294B CN 115855294 B CN115855294 B CN 115855294B CN 202310148284 A CN202310148284 A CN 202310148284A CN 115855294 B CN115855294 B CN 115855294B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of high overload such as ultra-high speed model emission and penetration, and discloses a thermocouple with shock and overload resistance, a preparation method and a testing method thereof. The thermocouple comprises a thermocouple shell and a thermocouple core; the surface of the head of the thermocouple shell and the surface of the model have the same radian and are in smooth transition, a temperature measuring hole is formed in the top of the thermocouple shell, external threads are arranged on the side wall of the thermocouple shell, and an inner cavity is a core body mounting hole communicated with the temperature measuring hole; the thermocouple core body is a film thermocouple, a buffer material ring is sleeved on the ceramic matrix, and the thermocouple core body is arranged in the thermocouple shell in an interference fit mode through the buffer material ring and the core body mounting hole; buffering materials are filled in the cavity between the thermocouple core body and the thermocouple shell. The preparation method comprises the steps of preparing a thermocouple core body, processing a thermocouple shell and packaging the thermocouple. The test method utilizes a secondary light air gun emission model to test whether a thermocouple installed on the model works normally in the process of bearing high overload acceleration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high overload such as ultra-high speed model emission and penetration, and particularly relates to a thermocouple with shock resistance overload capacity, a preparation method and a testing method thereof.
Background
In the ultra-high speed transmitting, impact penetration and other processes, strong impact overload phenomenon exists. Such as ballistic target model firing (or artillery firing, electromagnetic gun firing, etc.), the model will be subjected to tens of thousands of g of impact overload, and in ultra-high speed penetration, the projectile will be subjected to even more than one hundred thousand g of overload.
The method has the advantages that the force, heat and other parameters are measured in the event, the method has important significance for deeply observing the phenomenon of the event, researching the development rule and supporting the development of related technologies, but the basis for realizing the force, heat and other parameter measurement is a sensor with high impact overload resistance. For example, in the process of developing a ground aerodynamic heat experimental study of an aircraft simulation model by utilizing ballistic target equipment, temperature measurement in the process of launching and flying the model is required to be realized by installing a temperature sensor on the model, and important support data is provided for the structural optimization design of a novel aircraft.
However, during ballistic target launching of the model, including the sensors mounted on the model, will be subjected to acceleration overloads of tens of thousands of g, and such high overload conditions pose risks to the sensors of performance degradation, even malfunction, structural damage, and the like. Currently, there is a need to develop a thermocouple with an anti-impact overload capability, and a preparation method and a testing method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a thermocouple with the capability of resisting impact overload, and the other technical problem to be solved is to provide a preparation method of the thermocouple with the capability of resisting impact overload.
The thermocouple with the shock resistance and overload capacity is characterized by comprising a thermocouple shell and a thermocouple core body, wherein the thermocouple core body is arranged in the thermocouple shell;
the surface of the head of the shell body of the thermocouple shell has the same radian as the surface of the model and is in smooth transition, a temperature measuring hole is formed in the top of the shell body, external threads are arranged on the side wall of the shell body, and an inner cavity is a core body mounting hole communicated with the temperature measuring hole;
the thermocouple core body is a film thermocouple and comprises NiSi coupling wires and NiCr coupling wires which penetrate out of the ceramic matrix from bottom to top, the top surface of the ceramic matrix adopts a magnetron sputtering mode to manufacture a NiCr film, and the NiCr film is connected with the NiSi coupling wires and the NiCr coupling wires; the ceramic matrix is sleeved with a buffer material ring, and the thermocouple core body is arranged in the thermocouple shell in an interference fit manner through the buffer material ring and the core body mounting hole;
buffering materials are filled in the cavity between the thermocouple core body and the thermocouple shell.
Further, the thin film thermocouple is replaced by a coaxial thermocouple, the coaxial thermocouple comprises a NiSi couple wire and a NiCr couple wire which penetrate out of a ceramic matrix from bottom to top, and a lead wire is connected with the NiSi couple wire and the NiCr couple wire in a welding mode on the top surface of the ceramic matrix.
Further, the buffer material ring is a rubber ring or an epoxy resin ring; the buffer material is epoxy resin or polyurethane; the ceramic matrix is alumina ceramic; the shell body is a stainless steel shell.
The preparation method of the thermocouple with the shock resistance and overload capacity comprises the following steps:
s41, preparing a thermocouple core body;
s411, even wire selection
Selecting NiSi coupling wires and NiCr coupling wires;
s412, insulator processing
Machining a cylindrical ceramic matrix, wherein the diameter of the ceramic matrix is D, and two elongated holes penetrating the ceramic matrix from top to bottom are machined in the ceramic matrix;
s413, even wire assembly
Two elongated holes are respectively inserted with NiSi coupling wires and NiCr coupling wires;
s414, temperature sensing end connection
A film thermocouple, wherein a magnetron sputtering mode is adopted to manufacture a NiCr film on the top surface of the ceramic matrix, and the NiCr film is connected with a NiSi coupling wire and a NiCr coupling wire; the coaxial thermocouple is characterized in that a NiSi coupling wire and a NiCr coupling wire are connected to the top surface of the ceramic matrix through wire welding;
s42, machining a thermocouple shell;
processing a tube body with a closed upper end and an open lower end, wherein the closed end of the tube body is a head, the surface of the head is modified, and the modified surface of the head and the surface of the model have the same radian and are in smooth transition; a through hole is formed in the top of the head, the through hole is a temperature measuring hole, the diameter of the temperature measuring hole is D-2 delta D, and delta D is the thickness of the side wall of the buffer material ring; the side wall of the pipe body is provided with external threads; the inner cavity of the pipe body is a core body mounting hole communicated with the temperature measuring hole, and the diameter of the core body mounting hole is D+2delta D;
s43 thermocouple packaging
S431, the buffer material ring is in a punching head shape, the diameter of punching is D-2DeltaD, the inner diameter is D, and the outer diameter is D+2DeltaD; the buffer material ring is sleeved at the upper end of the ceramic matrix from top to bottom, and the NiCr film of the film thermocouple or the lead wire of the coaxial thermocouple is exposed in the air;
s432, inserting the thermocouple core into the thermocouple shell from bottom to top, and fixing the thermocouple core and the thermocouple shell in an interference fit manner through the buffer material ring and the core mounting hole;
s433, filling and sealing buffer materials in the cavity between the thermocouple core body and the thermocouple shell to finish packaging.
The invention relates to a method for testing a thermocouple with impact overload resistance, which comprises the following steps:
s51, selecting a cone column skirt model as the model;
s52, installing a thermocouple, an acceleration sensor and a signal conditioning, collecting and recording module on a cylindrical section of the cone column skirt model; the thermocouple is fixedly arranged through external threads, and the NiCr film or the lead senses the external temperature change of the model through the temperature measuring hole;
s53, performing impact resistance overload test
The method comprises the steps that a cone column skirt model is installed on a secondary light gas gun, the secondary light gas gun emits the cone column skirt model, a thermocouple measures the surface temperature of the cone column skirt model in the ultra-high-speed emission and penetration process, an acceleration sensor measures overload of the cone column skirt model, and a signal conditioning acquisition recording module records and stores data;
s54, data analysis and evaluation
And (3) transmitting the data stored on the signal conditioning acquisition recording module into a computer, drawing an overload-time curve to obtain the maximum overload during ultra-high speed transmission and penetration and an overload value after ultra-high speed penetration, and if the overload value after ultra-high speed penetration is kept to be 0 and the temperature of the thermocouple is stable, the working state of the thermocouple is normal, so that the design requirement is met.
According to the thermocouple with the shock-resistant overload capacity, the impact damage effect of external overload on the thermocouple core is reduced by adding the buffer material such as epoxy resin on the thermocouple core, so that the purpose of improving the shock-resistant overload performance of the high thermocouple is achieved, and the thermocouple is mainly used for realizing temperature measurement in high overload occasions such as ultra-high speed emission and impact penetration, and the high overload resistance index exceeds 30000g.
The preparation method of the thermocouple with the impact-resistant overload capacity mainly considers two factors when processing the thermocouple shell: firstly, the assembly between the shell body and the model, and secondly, a filling space for buffering materials is reserved between the thermocouple shell body and the thermocouple core body. The fit between the housing body and the mold is primarily determined by the target structural conformality requirements, dimensional requirements, mounting mode requirements, etc. The filling space reserved between the thermocouple shell and the thermocouple core is a main factor influencing the overload resistance of the thermocouple, and is mainly determined by the characteristics of the buffer material and the overload resistance requirement.
According to the testing method of the thermocouple with the shock resistance and overload capacity, the model is transmitted by the secondary light gas cannon, whether the thermocouple works normally in the process of bearing high overload acceleration is tested, the simulation is real, the data is accurate, and the obtained qualified thermocouple can be directly used for engineering tests.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermocouple with impact overload resistance according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a thermocouple core in a thermocouple with impact overload resistance according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a thermocouple housing in a thermocouple with impact overload resistance according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the installation of a thermocouple with impact overload resistance of the present invention on a tapered skirt model;
fig. 5 is an overload-time graph obtained by the test method of the thermocouple with impact overload resistance of the present invention.
1. A thermocouple core; 2. a thermocouple housing; 3. a ring of cushioning material; 4. a buffer material; 5. a thermocouple; 6. an acceleration sensor; 7. the signal conditioning, collecting and recording module;
a nicr film; 102. a ceramic matrix; nisi coupling; niCr coupling wire;
201. a temperature measuring hole; 202. a core mounting hole; 203. a housing body; 204. and (5) external threads.
Description of the embodiments
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
In order to make the design method and advantages of the present invention more clear, embodiments of a thermocouple with impact overload resistance, a method for manufacturing the thermocouple, and a method for testing the thermocouple are provided herein, wherein the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a thermocouple 5 with impact overload resistance comprises a thermocouple shell 2 and a thermocouple core 1, wherein the thermocouple core 1 is arranged in the thermocouple shell 2;
the surface of the head of the shell body 203 of the thermocouple shell 2 has the same radian as the surface of the model and is in smooth transition, a temperature measuring hole 201 is formed in the top, external threads 204 are arranged on the side wall, and a core body mounting hole 202 communicated with the temperature measuring hole 201 is formed in the inner cavity;
the thermocouple core body 1 is a film thermocouple and comprises a NiSi coupling wire 103 and a NiCr coupling wire 104 which penetrate out of a ceramic matrix 102 from bottom to top, wherein a NiCr film 101 is manufactured on the top surface of the ceramic matrix 102 in a magnetron sputtering mode, and the NiCr film 101 is connected with the NiSi coupling wire 103 and the NiCr coupling wire 104; the ceramic matrix 102 is sleeved with a buffer material ring 3, and the thermocouple core 1 is arranged in the thermocouple shell 2 in an interference fit mode through the buffer material ring 3 and the core mounting hole 202;
a buffer material 4 is filled in the cavity between the thermocouple core body 1 and the thermocouple shell 2.
Further, the thin film thermocouple is replaced by a coaxial thermocouple, the coaxial thermocouple comprises a NiSi coupling wire 103 and a NiCr coupling wire 104 which penetrate out of the ceramic matrix 102 from bottom to top, and a wire is connected with the NiSi coupling wire 103 and the NiCr coupling wire 104 in a welding mode on the top surface of the ceramic matrix 102.
Further, the buffer material ring 3 is a rubber ring or an epoxy resin ring; the buffer material 4 is epoxy resin or polyurethane; ceramic matrix 102 is alumina ceramic; the housing body 203 is a stainless steel case.
The preparation method of the thermocouple with the shock resistance and overload capacity comprises the following steps:
s41, preparing a thermocouple core body 1;
s411, even wire selection
A NiSi coupling wire 103 and a NiCr coupling wire 104 are selected;
s412, insulator processing
Machining a cylindrical ceramic substrate 102, wherein the diameter of the ceramic substrate 102 is D, and two elongated holes penetrating the ceramic substrate 102 from top to bottom are machined in the ceramic substrate 102;
s413, even wire assembly
The two slender holes are respectively inserted with a NiSi coupling wire 103 and a NiCr coupling wire 104;
s414, temperature sensing end connection
A film thermocouple, wherein a NiCr film 101 is manufactured on the top surface of a ceramic matrix 102 in a magnetron sputtering mode and is connected with a NiSi coupling wire 103 and a NiCr coupling wire 104; a coaxial thermocouple, wherein a NiSi coupling wire 103 and a NiCr coupling wire 104 are connected on the top surface of the ceramic matrix 102 by wire welding;
s42, machining a thermocouple shell 2;
processing a tube body with a closed upper end and an open lower end, wherein the closed end of the tube body is a head, the surface of the head is modified, and the modified surface of the head and the surface of the model have the same radian and are in smooth transition; a through hole is formed in the top of the head, the through hole is a temperature measuring hole 201, the diameter of the temperature measuring hole 201 is D-2 delta D, and delta D is the thickness of the side wall of the buffer material ring 3; the side wall of the pipe body is provided with external threads 204; the inner cavity of the pipe body is a core body mounting hole 202 communicated with the temperature measuring hole 201, and the diameter of the core body mounting hole 202 is D+2DeltaD;
s43, thermocouple 5 packaging
S431, the buffer material ring 3 is in a punching head shape, the diameter of punching is D-2DeltaD, the inner diameter is D, and the outer diameter is D+2DeltaD; the buffer material ring 3 is sleeved at the upper end of the ceramic matrix 102 from top to bottom, and the NiCr film 101 of the film thermocouple or the lead wire of the coaxial thermocouple is exposed in the air;
s432, inserting the thermocouple core body 1 into the thermocouple shell 2 from bottom to top, and fixing the thermocouple core body 1 and the thermocouple shell 2 in an interference fit manner with the core body mounting hole 202 through the buffer material ring 3;
s433, filling and sealing a buffer material 4 in a cavity between the thermocouple core body 1 and the thermocouple shell 2 to finish packaging.
The invention relates to a method for testing a thermocouple with impact overload resistance, which comprises the following steps:
s51, selecting a cone column skirt model as the model;
s52, installing a thermocouple 5, an acceleration sensor 6 and a signal conditioning, collecting and recording module 7 on a cylindrical section of the cone column skirt model; the thermocouple 5 is fixedly installed through an external thread 204, and the NiCr film 101 or a wire senses the external temperature change of the model through a temperature measuring hole 201;
s53, performing impact resistance overload test
The cone column skirt model is arranged on a secondary light gas gun, the secondary light gas gun emits the cone column skirt model, the thermocouple 5 measures the surface temperature of the cone column skirt model in the ultra-high speed emission and penetration process, the acceleration sensor 6 measures overload of the cone column skirt model, and the signal conditioning acquisition recording module 7 records and stores data;
s54, data analysis and evaluation
And (3) transmitting the data stored on the signal conditioning acquisition recording module 7 into a computer, drawing an overload-time curve to obtain the maximum overload during ultra-high speed transmission and penetration and an overload value after ultra-high speed penetration, and if the overload value after ultra-high speed penetration is kept to be 0 and the temperature of the thermocouple 5 is stable, the thermocouple 5 is normal in working state and meets the design requirement.
Example 1
The thermocouple core of this example was a thin film thermocouple, D was 5mm,2Δd was 1mm, and the test method gave an overload-time graph as shown in fig. 5, where a is the gravitational acceleration in g, t is the time in ms. As can be seen from fig. 5, the peak overload borne by the thermocouple 5 exceeds 30000g, and the working state after ultra-high speed penetration is normal, so as to meet the design requirement.
Claims (4)
1. The thermocouple with the shock resistance and overload capacity is characterized in that the thermocouple (5) comprises a thermocouple shell (2) and a thermocouple core body (1), and the thermocouple core body (1) is arranged in the thermocouple shell (2);
the surface of the head part of the shell body (203) of the thermocouple shell (2) has the same radian as the surface of the model and is in smooth transition, a temperature measuring hole (201) is formed in the top, external threads (204) are arranged on the side wall, and an inner cavity is a core body mounting hole (202) communicated with the temperature measuring hole (201);
the thermocouple core body (1) is a film thermocouple and comprises a NiSi coupling wire (103) and a NiCr coupling wire (104) which penetrate through a ceramic matrix (102) from bottom to top, wherein a NiCr film (101) is manufactured on the top surface of the ceramic matrix (102) in a magnetron sputtering mode, and the NiCr film (101) is connected with the NiSi coupling wire (103) and the NiCr coupling wire (104); the ceramic matrix (102) is sleeved with a buffer material ring (3), and the thermocouple core (1) is arranged in the thermocouple shell (2) in an interference fit mode through the buffer material ring (3) and the core mounting hole (202);
a buffer material (4) is filled in a cavity between the thermocouple core body (1) and the thermocouple shell (2);
the diameter of the ceramic matrix (102) is D; the diameter of the temperature measuring hole (201) is D-2 delta D, and delta D is the thickness of the side wall of the buffer material ring (3); the diameter of the core body mounting hole (202) is D+2delta D; the buffer material ring (3) is in a shape of a punching head, the diameter of punching is D-2DeltaD, the inner diameter is D, and the outer diameter is D+2DeltaD;
the buffer material ring (3) is a rubber ring or an epoxy resin ring; the buffer material (4) is epoxy resin or polyurethane; the ceramic matrix (102) is alumina ceramic; the shell body (203) is a stainless steel shell;
according to the thermocouple (5), the impact damage effect of external overload on the thermocouple core body (1) is reduced by additionally installing a buffer material comprising epoxy resin on the thermocouple core body (1), the purpose of improving the impact overload performance of the thermocouple (5) is achieved, and the thermocouple is used for realizing temperature measurement in high overload occasions comprising ultra-high speed emission and impact penetration, and the high overload resistance index exceeds 30000g.
2. The thermocouple with the shock overload resistance according to claim 1, wherein the thin film thermocouple is replaced by a coaxial thermocouple, the coaxial thermocouple comprises a NiSi coupling wire (103) and a NiCr coupling wire (104) which penetrate through the ceramic substrate (102) from bottom to top, and on the top surface of the ceramic substrate (102), a wire is connected with the NiSi coupling wire (103) and the NiCr coupling wire (104) in a welding mode.
3. A method for preparing a thermocouple with impact overload resistance, which is used for preparing the thermocouple with impact overload resistance according to any one of claims 1-2, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s41, preparing a thermocouple core body (1);
s411, even wire selection
Selecting NiSi coupling wires (103) and NiCr coupling wires (104);
s412, insulator processing
Machining a cylindrical ceramic substrate (102), and machining two elongated holes penetrating the ceramic substrate (102) from top to bottom on the ceramic substrate (102);
s413, even wire assembly
Two elongated holes are respectively inserted with NiSi coupling wires (103) and NiCr coupling wires (104);
s414, temperature sensing end connection
A film thermocouple, wherein a NiCr film (101) is manufactured on the top surface of a ceramic matrix (102) in a magnetron sputtering mode and is connected with a NiSi coupling wire (103) and a NiCr coupling wire (104); the coaxial thermocouple is characterized in that a NiSi coupling wire (103) and a NiCr coupling wire (104) are connected to the top surface of the ceramic matrix (102) through wire welding;
s42, machining a thermocouple shell (2);
processing a tube body with a closed upper end and an open lower end, wherein the closed end of the tube body is a head, the surface of the head is modified, and the modified surface of the head and the surface of the model have the same radian and are in smooth transition; a through hole is formed in the top of the head part, and the through hole is a temperature measuring hole (201); the side wall of the pipe body is provided with external threads (204); the inner cavity of the tube body is a core body mounting hole (202) communicated with the temperature measuring hole (201);
s43, thermocouple (5) encapsulation
S431, sleeving the buffer material ring (3) at the upper end of the ceramic matrix (102) from top to bottom, and exposing a NiCr film (101) of the film thermocouple or a lead wire of the coaxial thermocouple in the air;
s432, inserting the thermocouple core body (1) into the thermocouple shell (2) from bottom to top, and fixing the thermocouple core body (1) and the thermocouple shell (2) in an interference fit manner with the core body mounting hole (202) through the buffer material ring (3);
s433, filling and sealing a buffer material (4) in a cavity between the thermocouple core body (1) and the thermocouple shell (2) to finish packaging.
4. The method for testing the thermocouple with the impact overload resistance, which is used for the thermocouple with the impact overload resistance according to any one of claims 1-2, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s51, selecting a cone column skirt model as the model;
s52, installing a thermocouple (5), an acceleration sensor (6) and a signal conditioning, collecting and recording module (7) on a cylindrical section of the cone column skirt model; the thermocouple (5) is fixedly installed through an external thread (204), and the NiCr film (101) or a lead senses the external temperature change of the model through a temperature measuring hole (201);
s53, performing impact resistance overload test
The method comprises the steps that a cone column skirt model is installed on a secondary light gas gun, the secondary light gas gun emits the cone column skirt model, a thermocouple (5) measures the surface temperature of the cone column skirt model in the ultra-high-speed emission and penetration process, an acceleration sensor (6) measures overload of the cone column skirt model, and a signal conditioning acquisition recording module (7) records and stores data;
s54, data analysis and evaluation
And (3) transmitting the data stored on the signal conditioning acquisition recording module (7) into a computer, drawing an overload-time curve to obtain the maximum overload during ultra-high speed transmission and penetration and an overload value after ultra-high speed penetration, and if the overload value after ultra-high speed penetration is kept to be 0 and the temperature of the thermocouple (5) is stable, the working state of the thermocouple (5) is normal, and the design requirement is met.
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