CN110082018B - Shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tube - Google Patents

Shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tube Download PDF

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CN110082018B
CN110082018B CN201910382320.0A CN201910382320A CN110082018B CN 110082018 B CN110082018 B CN 110082018B CN 201910382320 A CN201910382320 A CN 201910382320A CN 110082018 B CN110082018 B CN 110082018B
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shock wave
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林玉亮
祁子真
张玉武
彭永
梁民族
李志斌
陈荣
李翔宇
卢芳云
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National University of Defense Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0052Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to impact

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Abstract

The invention discloses a sensor for passively measuring shock wave energy based on thin-walled tube expansion energy absorption, and aims to overcome the defects of complex post-processing procedure, complex measuring system and the like of the conventional passive measuring method. The invention is composed of a packaging shell, a driving rod piece, a thin-wall tube energy absorption component, a wall fixing stop plate, a movable bolt and a sealing baffle ring, wherein the driving rod piece, the thin-wall tube energy absorption component and the packaging shell are coaxially arranged. The driving rod piece does not generate plastic deformation under the action of the explosive shock wave, and when the driving rod piece inserts the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing component under the action of the shock wave, the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing component generates deformation. And measuring the insertion displacement of the driving rod piece, and realizing passive quantitative measurement of the shock wave energy by utilizing the relation between the deformation displacement and the absorbed energy. The invention has simple structure, no need of power supply, convenient layout, low cost and repeated use, has high response sensitivity to shock waves with different strengths, and solves the technical problem that the energy of the shock waves is difficult to quantitatively test in severe environment.

Description

基于薄壁管膨胀吸能的冲击波能量无源测量传感器Shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tube

技术领域technical field

本发明属于测量检测领域,具体涉及一种爆炸产生的冲击波参数测量的传感器,是一种利用材料弹塑性膨胀变形吸能特性对爆炸冲击波能量进行测量的无源传感器。The invention belongs to the field of measurement and detection, and in particular relates to a sensor for measuring shock wave parameters generated by an explosion, which is a passive sensor for measuring explosion shock wave energy by utilizing the elastic-plastic expansion deformation energy absorption characteristics of materials.

背景技术Background technique

测量炸药爆炸产生的冲击波的压力、冲量等参数的方法一般可以分为有源测量和无源测量这两种。其中,有源测量主要是依靠各种电学传感器,电学传感器测量技术已经相对成熟而且是现在最流行的测试方法,市场上已有各种各样的高精度冲击波电测传感器,但是在一些自然环境比较恶劣的条件下,比如沙漠、高原或者海岛等这些爆炸试验环境相对比较复杂的情况下,存在无法布置精密电测装置、或者成本非常高、或者布设难度很大等问题,这时采用电学传感器进行有源测量就具有很大的局限性;此外,炸药爆炸过程中产生的电磁干扰可能使电测传感器无法获取信号,或者所获取的信号杂乱无章、信噪比下降,后续分析处理难度很大。因此,设计一种爆炸冲击波参数无源测量传感器,从而提高冲击波测量结果的可靠性和准确性,降低试验难度,就成为本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。The methods of measuring the pressure, impulse and other parameters of the shock wave generated by the explosion of explosives can generally be divided into two types: active measurement and passive measurement. Among them, active measurement mainly relies on various electrical sensors. Electrical sensor measurement technology is relatively mature and is the most popular testing method. There are various high-precision shock wave electrical measurement sensors on the market, but in some natural environments Under relatively harsh conditions, such as deserts, plateaus or islands, where the explosion test environment is relatively complicated, there are problems such as the inability to arrange precision electrical measuring devices, or the cost is very high, or the layout is very difficult. At this time, electrical sensors are used. Active measurement has great limitations; in addition, the electromagnetic interference generated during the explosion of explosives may prevent the electrical sensor from acquiring signals, or the acquired signals are chaotic and the signal-to-noise ratio decreases, making subsequent analysis and processing very difficult. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art to design a passive measurement sensor for explosion shock wave parameters, thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of shock wave measurement results and reducing the difficulty of testing.

在现有无源测量方法中,测量冲击波压力参数的方法主要有采用霍普金森杆、自然效应物、等效靶板等方法。但是,霍普金森杆测量爆炸冲击波波阵面的压力存在系统过于复杂的缺点;自然效应物只能通过判断爆炸冲击波过后松木板断裂、玻璃破碎、小动物死亡等来定性测量冲击波的强度范围,属定性评价,且不适合大量用于进行爆炸毁伤威力场的评估;等效靶板法是通过测量靶板在爆炸试验后其变形或破坏程度来反推计算相应的超压和比冲量值,虽然等效靶板法具有布置快速、成本低且不受寄生效应干扰的优点,但是等效靶板法的缺点在于在实际实验中存在约束不够及其它方面因素(回弹、碰撞等)的影响使得实验结果与理想情况下的变形有差距,以及靶板需要定期保养维护、测量后处理程序比较繁琐等问题。Among the existing passive measurement methods, the methods for measuring shock wave pressure parameters mainly include the use of Hopkinson rods, natural effectors, and equivalent target plates. However, the Hopkinson rod has the disadvantage that the system is too complicated to measure the pressure of the explosion shock wave front; natural effectors can only qualitatively measure the intensity range of the shock wave by judging the fracture of pine boards, broken glass, and death of small animals after the explosion shock wave. It is a qualitative evaluation, and it is not suitable for a large number of evaluations of the explosion damage force field; the equivalent target plate method is to calculate the corresponding overpressure and specific impulse value by measuring the deformation or damage of the target plate after the explosion test , although the equivalent target plate method has the advantages of fast layout, low cost and no interference from parasitic effects, the disadvantage of the equivalent target plate method is that there are insufficient constraints and other factors (rebound, collision, etc.) in actual experiments. The impact makes the experimental results different from the ideal deformation, and the target plate needs regular maintenance, and the post-measurement processing procedure is cumbersome and other problems.

综上所述,现有测量方法至少存在如下技术问题:In summary, the existing measurement methods have at least the following technical problems:

1.现有电测有源传感器存在电磁干扰、成本昂贵、布线困难等难题,在相对恶劣的自然环境中无法准确地测得冲击波能量。1. Existing electrical measurement active sensors have problems such as electromagnetic interference, high cost, and difficult wiring. They cannot accurately measure shock wave energy in a relatively harsh natural environment.

2.现有大多数无源测量方法精度不够,而高精度无源测量存在很多缺陷,例如测量后处理程序繁琐、测量系统复杂、需电测设备辅助测量等。2. Most of the existing passive measurement methods are not accurate enough, and there are many defects in high-precision passive measurement, such as cumbersome post-measurement processing procedures, complex measurement systems, and the need for electrical measurement equipment to assist measurement.

实际上,冲击波能量的无源测量可以通过某些变形性能较好材料的变形测量而获得,比如一些软质金属(例如铝、铜等)材料是比较理想的吸能材料。目前,不可逆变形的缓冲材料多为利用材料塑性变形吸收能量,常用的方法有:材料塌陷、材料切削、材料扩径等变形方法。其中,薄壁管膨胀吸能是材料扩径变形法的一种,此方法吸收冲击能量的方式为薄壁管扩径变形过程中的塑性变形耗能和摩擦发热耗能。现有的研究表明,经过合理的设计,薄壁管扩径变形结构的变形模式和压缩载荷均较为平稳可控,是一种性能优良的缓冲吸能元件。此外,在技术指标上,薄壁管在扩径变形过程中,在一定范围内内壁扩张产生的阻力是恒定的,其吸收的能量和薄壁管被扩径部分的长度基本成线性关系(或者确定的函数关系),这样的能量-扩径位移对应特性,使其可以用于能量的定量测量。薄壁管外形一般为圆筒状,不同壁厚、不同材料的薄壁管结构可构成多种规格的不同能量-变形位移精确对应的吸能结构,对不同强度的冲击波均能实现比较精确的测量。同时,通过选择性能稳定、耐腐蚀的材料制作薄壁管吸能结构,可制作出结构稳定、性能可靠、可长期保存和使用的能量测量传感器装置。In fact, the passive measurement of the shock wave energy can be obtained through the deformation measurement of some materials with better deformation properties, for example, some soft metals (such as aluminum, copper, etc.) are ideal energy-absorbing materials. At present, most irreversibly deformed cushioning materials use plastic deformation of materials to absorb energy. The commonly used methods include: material collapse, material cutting, material diameter expansion and other deformation methods. Among them, the expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes is a kind of material diameter expansion deformation method. The way of this method to absorb impact energy is the plastic deformation energy consumption and friction heating energy consumption during the diameter expansion deformation process of thin-walled tubes. Existing studies have shown that, through reasonable design, the deformation mode and compression load of the thin-walled pipe expansion deformation structure are relatively stable and controllable, and it is a kind of cushioning energy-absorbing element with excellent performance. In addition, in terms of technical indicators, during the expansion deformation process of the thin-walled tube, the resistance generated by the expansion of the inner wall within a certain range is constant, and the energy absorbed by it is basically in a linear relationship with the length of the expanded part of the thin-walled tube (or Definite functional relationship), such energy-diameter expansion displacement correspondence characteristics, so that it can be used for quantitative measurement of energy. Thin-walled tubes are generally cylindrical in shape, and thin-walled tube structures with different wall thicknesses and materials can form energy-absorbing structures of various specifications that accurately correspond to different energy-deformation displacements, and can achieve relatively accurate shock waves of different intensities. Measurement. At the same time, by selecting materials with stable performance and corrosion resistance to make the energy-absorbing structure of the thin-walled tube, an energy measurement sensor device with stable structure, reliable performance, and long-term preservation and use can be produced.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种基于薄壁管膨胀吸能的冲击波能量无源测量传感器,解决现有有源测量方法采用的电测有源传感器存在布线困难,电磁干扰等难题;弥补现有无源测量方法中,或测量后处理程序繁琐、或测量系统复杂、或需电测设备辅助测量的缺点。所提供的传感器具有结构简单、成本低、抗电磁干扰能力强、布设快速、后结果处理方便、测量精度高等特点,可用于标准靶场、野外靶场以及其他更恶劣环境的炸药爆炸冲击波能量的测量,为冲击波参数测量提供一种新的参考选择。The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on the expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes, so as to solve the difficulties in wiring and electromagnetic interference in the electrical measurement active sensors used in the existing active measurement methods; In the existing passive measurement method, the post-measurement processing procedure is cumbersome, or the measurement system is complicated, or the electrical measurement equipment is required for auxiliary measurement. The sensor provided has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability, fast layout, convenient post-result processing, high measurement accuracy, etc. It provides a new reference option for shock wave parameter measurement.

本发明利用薄壁管吸能构件将冲击波能量定量转化为薄壁管吸能构件的嵌入位移,从而实现在爆炸场冲击波能量的快速定量无源测量。The invention utilizes the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component to quantitatively convert the shock wave energy into the embedding displacement of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component, thereby realizing rapid quantitative passive measurement of the shock wave energy in the explosion field.

本发明由封装壳体、驱动杆件、薄壁管吸能构件、固壁止位板、活动螺栓、密封挡环组成。定义封装壳体靠近爆炸点的一端为本发明的左端,远离爆炸点的一端为本发明的右端。驱动杆件、薄壁管吸能构件位于封装壳体内,且驱动杆件、薄壁管吸能构件、封装壳体同轴安装。驱动杆件紧贴薄壁管吸能构件的左端面。固壁止位板通过活动螺栓固定在封装壳体右端,对封装壳体右端面进行封装。密封挡环通过活动螺栓固定在封装壳体左端,以防止驱动杆件和薄壁管吸能构件从封装壳体左端滑出。The invention consists of a packaging shell, a driving rod, a thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component, a solid-wall stop plate, a movable bolt, and a sealing retaining ring. The end close to the explosion point of the packaging shell is defined as the left end of the present invention, and the end far away from the explosion point is the right end of the present invention. The driving rod and the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube are located in the encapsulating shell, and the driving rod, the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube and the encapsulating shell are installed coaxially. The driving rod is in close contact with the left end surface of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member. The solid wall stop plate is fixed on the right end of the packaging shell by movable bolts, and seals the right end surface of the packaging shell. The sealing retaining ring is fixed on the left end of the packaging casing by movable bolts, so as to prevent the driving rod and the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member from slipping out from the left end of the packaging casing.

封装壳体用于装载和固定其他部件,为圆筒型。封装壳体外直径D1满足0.01m<D1<0.3m,壁厚t1满足0.001m<t1<0.1m,内直径为d1=D1-2t1,长度L1满足0.01m<L1<1m;在封装壳体左端进行部分侧壁加厚,以固定驱动杆件,加厚部分内直径为D2满足0.7D1<D2<D1,壁厚为t2=(D1-D2)/2,加厚部分轴向长度为l1满足0.3L1<l1<0.5L1。封装壳体侧壁上可加工阵列泄气孔,以帮助封装壳体内的气体顺利排出,尽量减少气体对驱动杆件运动的影响。封装壳体承载着驱动杆件和薄壁管吸能构件,且保证驱动杆件可在封装壳体内自由无摩擦滑动(摩擦系数μ<0.05)。封装壳体采用金属材料或者有机玻璃等制成,要求材料满足:屈服强度σ1>100MPa,密度ρ1>1g/cm3,基本原则是封装壳体受到冲击波作用时不产生塑性变形。当封装壳体采用金属材料这样的非透明材料时,可在侧壁沿轴向开一个通槽(为便于实施,通槽的左端可与标示线平齐),通槽为长条形,长度l满足L2<l<L1,深度为封装壳体壁厚,宽度w满足0.01D1<w<0.1D1,通过长条形通槽可观察驱动杆件、薄壁管吸能构件、固壁止位板三者是否紧密接触。在封装壳体外侧壁沿轴向刻制或布置长度刻度尺(要求长度刻度尺左侧位于标示线以左或与标示线对齐,若与标示线对齐可方便读取),长度刻度尺分度值小于1mm,长度刻度尺的长度满足L2<长度刻度尺(10)的长度<1.2L2。,用于直接读取驱动杆件位移,通过杆件位移即可换算当地冲击波能量值。若封装壳体采用透明材料时,则不需要开通槽,直接在封装壳体外侧壁沿轴向刻制或布置长度刻度尺即可。The packaging shell is used for loading and fixing other components, and is cylindrical. The outer diameter D 1 of the package shell satisfies 0.01m<D 1 <0.3m, the wall thickness t 1 satisfies 0.001m<t 1 <0.1m, the inner diameter d 1 =D 1 -2t 1 , and the length L 1 satisfies 0.01m<L 1 <1m; part of the side wall is thickened at the left end of the package shell to fix the driving rod, the inner diameter of the thickened part is D 2 to satisfy 0.7D 1 <D 2 <D 1 , and the wall thickness is t 2 =(D 1 -D 2 )/2, the axial length of the thickened part is l 1 and satisfies 0.3L 1 <l 1 <0.5L 1 . An array of vent holes can be processed on the side wall of the package case to help the gas in the package case to be discharged smoothly and minimize the influence of the gas on the movement of the driving rod. The package housing carries the driving rod and the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member, and ensures that the driving rod can slide freely and without friction in the package housing (friction coefficient μ<0.05). The packaging shell is made of metal materials or plexiglass, etc., and the materials are required to meet: yield strength σ 1 >100MPa, density ρ 1 >1g/cm 3 , and the basic principle is that the packaging shell does not produce plastic deformation when subjected to shock waves. When the packaging shell is made of non-transparent materials such as metal materials, a through groove can be opened in the side wall along the axial direction (for the convenience of implementation, the left end of the through groove can be flush with the marking line). The through groove is long and the length l satisfies L 2 <l<L 1 , the depth is the wall thickness of the packaging shell, and the width w satisfies 0.01D 1 <w<0.1D 1 , the driving rod, thin-walled tube energy-absorbing components, Whether the three solid wall stop plates are in close contact. Carve or arrange a length scale along the axial direction on the outer wall of the package housing (the left side of the length scale is required to be on the left of the marking line or aligned with the marking line, if it is aligned with the marking line, it can be easily read), and the length scale is divided The value is less than 1mm, and the length of the length scale satisfies L 2 <the length of the length scale (10)<1.2L 2 . , which is used to directly read the displacement of the driving rod, and the local shock wave energy value can be converted by the displacement of the rod. If the encapsulation shell is made of a transparent material, it is not necessary to open the slot, and it is sufficient to engrave or arrange a length scale directly on the outer wall of the encapsulation shell along the axial direction.

驱动杆件用于将空气中当地冲击波能量转换为自身的动能,以圆柱形为宜,直径等于D2,长度为L2满足l1<L2<1.5l1,长度可依据实际测量需要进行调整;距离驱动杆件左端面l2处,在其外表面画上或刻上一个明显的标示线(例如图2中71处所对应的圆环)用于定位和读数,l2满足0.05L2<l2<0.2L2;驱动杆件两端面平行且与封装壳体中轴线垂直,可对驱动杆件右端侧面进行斜倒角加工(若薄壁管吸能构件左端加工了斜倒角,则驱动杆件右端侧面不加工斜倒角),以确保驱动杆件能够均匀地插入薄壁管吸能构件;驱动杆件和封装壳体间无摩擦滑动装配(摩擦系数μ<0.05)。驱动杆件采用合金材料制成,材料满足驱动杆件在爆炸冲击波作用下不产生塑性变形为原则,具体要求材料满足:屈服强度σ2>200MPa,密度ρ2>2.0g/cm3The driving rod is used to convert the local shock wave energy in the air into its own kinetic energy. It is suitable to be cylindrical, with a diameter equal to D 2 and a length of L 2 to satisfy l 1 <L 2 <1.5l 1 . The length can be determined according to actual measurement needs Adjustment; at a distance of 12 from the left end face of the driving rod, draw or engrave an obvious marking line on its outer surface (such as the ring corresponding to 71 in Figure 2) for positioning and reading, l 2 meets 0.05L 2 <l 2 <0.2L 2 ; both ends of the driving rod are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis of the package shell, and the right side of the driving rod can be chamfered (if the left end of the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube is chamfered, Then the side of the right end of the driving rod is not chamfered), so as to ensure that the driving rod can be evenly inserted into the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member; there is no friction sliding assembly between the driving rod and the packaging shell (friction coefficient μ<0.05). The driving rod is made of alloy material. The material meets the principle that the driving rod does not produce plastic deformation under the action of the explosion shock wave. The specific requirements of the material meet: yield strength σ 2 >200MPa, density ρ 2 >2.0g/cm 3 .

薄壁管吸能构件用于转换驱动杆件的动能,为圆筒型,外直径D3满足D2<D3<d1;薄壁管吸能构件左端可加工一定的斜倒角,斜倒角的左端面处薄壁管的内直径为D2,壁厚为t3=(D3-D2)/2,在斜倒角的右端面处以及剩余部分的薄壁管的壁厚为t4满足0.0001m<t4<0.05m,内直径为d3=D3-2t4,此种截面设计以确保薄壁管吸能构件整个横截面受到驱动杆件的均匀插入;薄壁管长度为L3=L1-L2,斜倒角的轴向长度l3满足5t4<l3<20t4。薄壁管吸能构件采用变形性能比较好的材料制成,要求驱动杆件在冲击波作用下对薄壁管吸能构件进行插入时,薄壁管吸能构件可产生比较明显的膨胀变形,并使驱动杆件在其内有比较明显的插入位移;要求薄壁管吸能构件材料满足:屈服强度σ3<1000MPa,密度ρ3<10.0g/cm3The energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube is used to convert the kinetic energy of the driving rod. It is cylindrical, and the outer diameter D 3 satisfies D 2 <D 3 <d 1 ; The inner diameter of the thin-walled tube at the left end face of the chamfer is D 2 , the wall thickness is t 3 =(D 3 -D 2 )/2, the wall thickness of the thin-walled tube at the right end face of the chamfer and the rest t 4 satisfies 0.0001m<t 4 <0.05m, and the inner diameter is d 3 =D 3 -2t 4 , this section design ensures that the entire cross-section of the energy-absorbing member of the thin-walled pipe is inserted evenly by the driving rod; the thin-walled The tube length is L 3 =L 1 -L 2 , and the axial length l 3 of the chamfer satisfies 5t 4 <l 3 <20t 4 . The energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube is made of a material with relatively good deformation performance. When the driving rod is required to insert the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube under the action of the shock wave, the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube can produce relatively obvious expansion deformation and Make the driving rod have a relatively obvious insertion displacement; the material of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member is required to meet: yield strength σ 3 <1000MPa, density ρ 3 <10.0g/cm 3 .

固壁止位板用于固定和密封驱动杆件、薄壁管吸能构件,其形状与封装壳体匹配即可,当封装壳体为圆筒型时,其为圆形薄板,直径D4满足D1<D4<1.1D1,厚度t5满足0.1t1<t5<1.5t1。固壁止位板采用硬质合金制成,要求材料满足:屈服强度σ4>200MPa,密度ρ4>2.0g/cm3,基本原则是薄壁管吸能构件变形时固壁止位板不产生塑性变形。固壁止位板通过活动螺栓固定在封装壳体的右端面,用于限制薄壁管吸能构件在右侧的位移。固壁止位板上需开设阵列泄气孔,在整个底部均匀分布(确保与薄壁管对应的内部和外部均有泄气孔),数量为10~100个,孔的总面积达到固壁止位板面积的20%~60%,以保证薄壁管内的空气以及薄壁管与封装壳体之间的空气均可顺利排出,不影响驱动杆件对薄壁管吸能构件的插入深度。固壁止位板通过活动螺栓进行固定和拆卸,从而能够重新装载新的薄壁管吸能构件,实现传感器的再次利用。The solid-wall stop plate is used to fix and seal the driving rod and the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube. Its shape only needs to match the package shell. When the package shell is cylindrical, it is a circular thin plate with a diameter of D 4 Satisfy D 1 <D 4 <1.1D 1 , and the thickness t 5 satisfies 0.1t 1 <t 5 <1.5t 1 . The solid-wall stop plate is made of hard alloy, and the material is required to meet: yield strength σ 4 >200MPa, density ρ 4 >2.0g/cm 3 , the basic principle is that the solid-wall stop plate does not produce plastic deformation. The solid-wall stop plate is fixed on the right end surface of the packaging shell through movable bolts, and is used to limit the displacement of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member on the right side. The solid-wall stop plate needs to be provided with an array of vent holes, which are evenly distributed on the entire bottom (to ensure that there are vent holes on the inside and outside corresponding to the thin-walled tube), the number is 10 to 100, and the total area of the holes reaches the solid-wall stop 20% to 60% of the plate area to ensure that the air in the thin-walled tube and the air between the thin-walled tube and the packaging shell can be discharged smoothly, without affecting the insertion depth of the driving rod into the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member. The solid-wall stop plate is fixed and disassembled by movable bolts, so that new thin-walled tube energy-absorbing components can be reloaded to realize the reuse of sensors.

阵列泄气孔用于在驱动杆件插入薄壁管吸能构件时顺利、及时地排出封装壳体及薄壁管内部的气体,通常为圆形通孔,直径φ1满足0.02D41<0.2D4。固壁止位板上的阵列泄气孔均匀分布,数量为10~100个,孔的总面积达到固壁止位板面积的20%~60%,并确保与薄壁管对应的内部和外部均有足够的泄气孔;若封装壳体上也开设泄气孔,则阵列泄气孔可沿封装壳体环向和轴向均匀分布,环向分布数量为3~20个,轴向分布数量为5~50个,孔的总面积达到整个壳体面积的10%~30%。The array vent hole is used to smoothly and timely discharge the gas inside the packaging shell and the thin-walled tube when the driving rod is inserted into the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component. It is usually a circular through hole, and the diameter φ 1 satisfies 0.02D 41 <0.2D 4 . The array vent holes on the solid wall stop plate are evenly distributed, the number is 10 to 100, the total area of the holes reaches 20% to 60% of the area of the solid wall stop plate, and ensure that the inner and outer parts corresponding to the thin-walled pipe are evenly distributed. There are enough vent holes; if vent holes are also provided on the package shell, the array vent holes can be evenly distributed along the circumferential and axial directions of the package shell. There are 50 holes, and the total area of the holes reaches 10%-30% of the whole shell area.

密封挡环用于确保将驱动杆件、薄壁管吸能构件挡在封装壳体内,在运输和安装时保证驱动杆件不会从封装壳体从左端滑出,其形状与封装壳体匹配即可,当封装壳体为圆筒型时,其为圆环形,外直径D5满足D1<D5<1.2D1;内直径d2尺寸略小于驱动杆件直径,即内直径d2满足0.9D2<d2<D2;厚度t6满足0.1t1<t6<1.2t1。密封挡环采用硬质合金制成,要求材料满足:屈服强度σ5>100MPa,密度ρ5>1.0g/cm3,基本原则是密封挡环受到冲击波作用时不产生塑性变形。The sealing retaining ring is used to ensure that the driving rod and the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube are blocked in the packaging shell, so that the driving rod will not slip out from the left end of the packing shell during transportation and installation, and its shape matches the packing shell That is, when the packaging shell is cylindrical, it is circular, and the outer diameter D 5 satisfies D 1 <D 5 <1.2D 1 ; the inner diameter d 2 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the driving rod, that is, the inner diameter d 2 satisfies 0.9D 2 <d 2 <D 2 ; thickness t 6 satisfies 0.1t 1 <t 6 <1.2t 1 . The sealing retaining ring is made of hard alloy, and the material is required to meet: yield strength σ 5 >100MPa, density ρ 5 >1.0g/cm 3 , and the basic principle is that the sealing retaining ring does not produce plastic deformation when subjected to shock waves.

采用本发明进行爆炸场冲击波能量测量的过程是:The process of adopting the present invention to measure blast field shock wave energy is:

在冲击波能量测量开始前,确保驱动杆件和密封挡环紧密接触,驱动杆件、薄壁管吸能构件、固壁止位板紧密接触,均无间隙;并确保驱动杆件和薄壁管吸能构件同轴;阵列泄气孔通畅,无堵塞。将本发明整体牢固固定在支架上,并尽量保证爆炸点与本发明端面法线位于同一直线上,固定支架为细长杆,材料采用强度比较大的合金钢,支架直径和长度依据具体实验条件确定,支架下端固定在大地或者较重的支座上。Before the start of the shock wave energy measurement, ensure that the driving rod is in close contact with the sealing retaining ring, and that the driving rod, the energy-absorbing member of the thin-walled tube, and the solid-wall stop plate are in close contact without gaps; and ensure that the driving rod and the thin-walled tube are in close contact. The energy-absorbing components are coaxial; the vent holes in the array are unobstructed and free from blockage. The whole of the present invention is firmly fixed on the support, and try to ensure that the explosion point is on the same straight line as the end face normal of the present invention. The fixed support is a slender rod, and the material adopts alloy steel with relatively high strength. The diameter and length of the support are based on specific experimental conditions. Make sure that the lower end of the bracket is fixed on the ground or a heavy support.

驱动杆件位于整个发明装置的左端,用于承受外部冲击波冲击载荷。驱动杆件和密封挡环之间是否紧密接触可以直接观察判断;驱动杆件与薄壁管吸能构件间的界面、薄壁管吸能构件与固壁止位板间的界面,通过封装壳体侧壁开的通槽(若是机玻璃制成,则可直接观察)观察三者是否紧密接触;并通过封装壳体上沿轴向刻制或布置的长度刻度尺,记录下驱动杆上标示线(例如图2中x1处所对应的浅圆环)的具体位置。The driving rod is located at the left end of the whole inventive device and is used to bear the impact load of the external shock wave. The close contact between the driving rod and the sealing retaining ring can be directly observed and judged; the interface between the driving rod and the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube, the interface between the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube and the solid-wall stop plate, through the package shell Through the slot on the side wall of the body (if it is made of organic glass, you can directly observe it) to observe whether the three are in close contact; and record the marking on the drive rod through the length scale carved or arranged in the axial direction on the package shell. The specific position of the line (such as the shallow ring corresponding to x 1 in Figure 2).

实验开始时,爆炸点处发生爆炸,产生的冲击波在空间进行传播,当冲击波到达驱动杆件左侧表面时,对驱动杆件进行加载。冲击波的能量传递给驱动杆件,并转化为驱动杆件的动能,从而驱动杆件开始插入薄壁管吸能构件并压缩薄壁管吸能构件中的气体,气体通过底部固壁止位板上的阵列泄气孔排出,不影响驱动杆件的运动。At the beginning of the experiment, an explosion occurred at the explosion point, and the resulting shock wave propagated in space. When the shock wave reached the left surface of the driving rod, it loaded the driving rod. The energy of the shock wave is transmitted to the driving rod and converted into kinetic energy of the driving rod, so that the driving rod begins to insert into the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member and compress the gas in the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member, and the gas passes through the bottom solid wall stop plate The air vents on the array are discharged without affecting the movement of the driving rod.

爆炸冲击前,驱动杆件上标示线在刻度尺上的位置为x1(如图2所示),经爆炸冲击后,标示线运动到x2(如图4所示),通过刻度尺判读得到x1和x2,驱动杆件插入薄壁管吸能构件产生的位移量为Δx=x2-x1(x1、x2和Δx单位均为m)。判读时应确保驱动杆件与薄壁管吸能构件间的界面、薄壁管吸能构件与固壁止位板间的界面均紧密接触。通过气体驱动撞击技术已标定出本发明的能量灵敏度系数为k(单位为kg·m/s2),根据位移量Δx和系数k可计算得到薄壁管吸能构件的塑性变形能E=k·Δx,也即获得了驱动杆件的动能。由于驱动杆件不会产生塑性变形,因此驱动杆件的动能就是爆炸点处炸药爆炸引起的空气冲击波传递给传感器的能量,从而实现冲击波能量的快速无源定量测量。Before the explosion impact, the position of the marking line on the driving rod on the scale is x 1 (as shown in Figure 2), after the explosion impact, the marking line moves to x 2 (as shown in Figure 4), which can be read by the scale Obtaining x 1 and x 2 , the displacement of the driving rod inserted into the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member is Δx=x 2 -x 1 (the units of x 1 , x 2 and Δx are all in m). When interpreting, it should be ensured that the interface between the driving rod and the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube, and the interface between the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube and the solid-walled stop plate are in close contact. The energy sensitivity coefficient of the present invention has been calibrated as k (unit: kg m/s 2 ) through the gas-driven impact technology, and the plastic deformation energy E=k of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member can be calculated according to the displacement Δx and the coefficient k · Δx, that is, the kinetic energy obtained to drive the rod. Since the driving rod will not produce plastic deformation, the kinetic energy of the driving rod is the energy transmitted to the sensor by the air shock wave caused by the explosive explosion at the explosion point, so as to realize the rapid passive quantitative measurement of the shock wave energy.

实验结束后,通过将固壁止位板的活动螺栓卸下更换新的薄壁管吸能构件,从而实现传感器的再次利用。After the experiment, the sensor can be reused by removing the movable bolt of the solid-wall stop plate and replacing it with a new thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member.

采用本发明可以达到以下技术效果:The following technical effects can be achieved by adopting the present invention:

1.本发明通过封装壳体上预先刻制或布置的长度刻度尺可读取驱动杆件插入薄壁管吸能构件的位移量Δx,根据能量灵敏度系数可很方便地得到爆炸场冲击波在传感器处的能量,完成爆炸空气冲击波能量的定量测量。1. The present invention can read the displacement Δx of the driving rod inserted into the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member through the length scale pre-engraved or arranged on the package shell, and the shock wave in the sensor can be easily obtained according to the energy sensitivity coefficient. Quantitative measurement of blast air shock wave energy is completed.

2.本发明的薄壁管吸能构件可以采用不同材料、不同直径、不同壁厚等多种形式构成,使得薄壁管可以形成较为丰富的规格,可以实现对强度高、中、低的冲击波均有比较高的响应灵敏度,从而能够适用于爆炸近场、中场、远场冲击波能量的测量。2. The energy-absorbing member of the thin-walled tube of the present invention can be composed of various forms such as different materials, different diameters, and different wall thicknesses, so that the thin-walled tube can form a relatively rich specification, and can realize shock waves with high, medium and low intensity All have relatively high response sensitivity, so they can be applied to the measurement of blast energy in the near-field, mid-field and far-field of explosions.

3.本发明具有结构简单,无需供电,布设使用方便,结果简单直观,使用成本低,且可重复使用等特点。3. The present invention has the characteristics of simple structure, no need for power supply, convenient layout and use, simple and intuitive results, low cost of use, and reusability.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明总体结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

图2是本发明受爆炸冲击前的轴向剖视图(在薄壁管吸能构件3左端加工斜倒角31)。Fig. 2 is an axial sectional view of the present invention before being impacted by an explosion (a chamfer 31 is processed on the left end of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3).

图3是本发明受爆炸冲击前的轴向剖视图(在驱动杆件2右端侧面加工斜倒角31)Fig. 3 is the axial cross-sectional view of the present invention before being impacted by the explosion (the beveled chamfer 31 is processed on the side of the right end of the driving rod 2)

图4是本发明受爆炸冲击后的轴向剖视图。Fig. 4 is an axial sectional view of the present invention after being impacted by an explosion.

图5是封装壳体1的三维示意图。FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the packaging case 1 .

图6是固壁止位板4的三维示意图。FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the solid wall stop plate 4 .

附图标记说明:Explanation of reference signs:

1.封装壳体,2.驱动杆件,3.薄壁管吸能构件,4.固壁止位板,5.阵列泄气孔,6.活动螺栓,7.密封挡环,8.爆炸点,9.长条形槽,10.长度刻度尺。1. Encapsulation shell, 2. Driving rod, 3. Thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component, 4. Solid-wall stop plate, 5. Array vent hole, 6. Movable bolt, 7. Sealing retaining ring, 8. Explosion point , 9. Long bar groove, 10. Length scale.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为了便于本领域技术人员理解和实施本发明专利,下面结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。In order to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand and implement the patent of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

图1为本发明总体结构示意图。如图1所示,本发明由封装壳体1、驱动杆件2、薄壁管吸能构件3、固壁止位板4、活动螺栓6、密封挡环7组成。定义本发明靠近爆炸点8的一端为左端,定义本发明远离爆炸点8的一端为右端。驱动杆件2、薄壁管吸能构件3位于封装壳体1内,固壁止位板4通过活动螺栓6固定在封装壳体1右端,并对封装壳体1右端面进行封装,密封挡环7通过活动螺栓6固定在封装壳体1左端。驱动杆件2、薄壁管吸能构件3、封装壳体1同轴安装。驱动杆件2的左端面紧贴密封挡环7的右端面,驱动杆件2的右端面紧贴薄壁管吸能构件3的左端面。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the present invention is composed of a package casing 1 , a driving rod 2 , a thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 , a solid-wall stop plate 4 , a movable bolt 6 , and a sealing retaining ring 7 . Define the end of the present invention close to the explosion point 8 as the left end, and define the end of the present invention away from the explosion point 8 as the right end. The driving rod 2 and the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 are located in the encapsulation shell 1, the solid-wall stop plate 4 is fixed on the right end of the encapsulation shell 1 by movable bolts 6, and the right end surface of the encapsulation shell 1 is encapsulated, and the sealing barrier The ring 7 is fixed on the left end of the packaging case 1 by the movable bolt 6 . The driving rod 2, the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3, and the packaging shell 1 are installed coaxially. The left end face of the driving rod 2 is in close contact with the right end face of the sealing retaining ring 7 , and the right end face of the driving rod 2 is in close contact with the left end face of the thin-walled energy-absorbing member 3 .

图2是本发明受爆炸冲击前的轴向剖视图。如图2所示,封装壳体1为圆筒型,外直径D1满足0.01m<D1<0.3m,壁厚t1满足0.001m<t1<0.1m,内直径d1满足d1=D1-2t1,长度L1满足0.01m<L1<1m;封装壳体1左端部分侧壁加厚,加厚部分内直径为D2,满足0.7D1<D2<D1,加厚部分壁厚为t2,t2=(D1-D2)/2,加厚部分轴向长度为l1,满足0.3L1<l1<0.5L1。封装壳体1同轴包裹装载驱动杆件2和薄壁管吸能构件3,且保证驱动杆件2与封装壳体1之间摩擦力可忽略(摩擦系数μ<0.05)。封装壳体1采用金属材料或者有机玻璃等制成,要求材料满足:屈服强度σ1>100MPa,密度ρ1>1g/cm3,基本原则是封装壳体1受到冲击波作用时不产生塑性变形。如图5所示,封装壳体1采用金属等非透明材料时,封装壳体1侧壁沿轴向开有一个通槽9,通槽9为长条形,通槽9长度l满足L2<l<L1,通槽9深度为封装壳体壁厚,宽度w满足0.01D1<w<0.1D1,通过通槽9可观察驱动杆件2、薄壁管吸能构件3、固壁止位板4三者是否紧密接触。在封装壳体1外侧壁沿轴向紧挨通槽9刻制或布置长度刻度尺10,长度刻度尺10左侧位于标示线以左或与标示线对齐,长度刻度尺(10)的长度满足L2<长度刻度尺(10)的长度<1.2L2,长度刻度尺10分度值小于1mm。封装壳体1侧壁上挖有阵列泄气孔5。Fig. 2 is an axial sectional view of the present invention before being impacted by an explosion. As shown in Figure 2, the package housing 1 is cylindrical, the outer diameter D 1 satisfies 0.01m<D 1 <0.3m, the wall thickness t 1 satisfies 0.001m<t 1 <0.1m, and the inner diameter d 1 satisfies d 1 =D 1 -2t 1 , the length L 1 satisfies 0.01m<L 1 <1m; the side wall of the left end part of the packaging shell 1 is thickened, and the inner diameter of the thickened part is D 2 , which satisfies 0.7D 1 <D 2 <D 1 , The wall thickness of the thickened part is t 2 , t 2 =(D 1 -D 2 )/2, and the axial length of the thickened part is l 1 , satisfying 0.3L 1 <l 1 <0.5L 1 . The encapsulation shell 1 coaxially wraps the loading drive rod 2 and the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 , and ensures that the friction force between the drive rod 2 and the encapsulation shell 1 is negligible (friction coefficient μ<0.05). The package shell 1 is made of metal material or plexiglass, etc., and the material is required to meet: yield strength σ 1 >100MPa, density ρ 1 >1g/cm 3 , and the basic principle is that the package shell 1 does not produce plastic deformation when subjected to shock waves. As shown in Figure 5, when the packaging case 1 is made of non-transparent materials such as metal, the side wall of the packaging case 1 is provided with a through groove 9 along the axial direction. The through groove 9 is long and the length l of the through groove 9 satisfies L 2 <l<L 1 , the depth of the through groove 9 is the wall thickness of the packaging shell, and the width w satisfies 0.01D 1 <w<0.1D 1 , through the through groove 9, the driving rod 2, the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component 3, the solid Whether the wall stop plate 4 is in close contact. A length scale 10 is engraved or arranged on the outer wall of the package housing 1 axially close to the through groove 9, the left side of the length scale 10 is located to the left of the marking line or is aligned with the marking line, and the length of the length scale (10) satisfies L 2 <the length of the length scale (10) is <1.2L 2 , and the 10 division value of the length scale is less than 1mm. An array of vent holes 5 is dug on the side wall of the packaging case 1 .

驱动杆件2为圆柱形,直径D2满足0.7D1<D2<D1,长度L2满足l1<L2<0.5L1;驱动杆件2两端面平行且与封装壳体1中轴线垂直,以确保驱动杆件2能够均匀地插入薄壁管吸能构件3内。驱动杆件2左端画有或刻有一标示线71,标示线71是一圆环标记,距离驱动杆件2左端面的长度l2满足0.05L2<l2<0.2L2。爆炸冲击前,标示线71的位置即标示线71与密封挡环7的右端面的距离为x1,。驱动杆件2采用合金材料制成,要求材料满足:屈服强度σ2>200MPa(以其在爆炸冲击波作用下不产生塑性变形为原则),密度ρ2>2.0g/cm3The driving rod 2 is cylindrical, the diameter D 2 satisfies 0.7D 1 <D 2 <D 1 , and the length L 2 satisfies l 1 <L 2 <0.5L 1 ; The axis is vertical to ensure that the driving rod 2 can be evenly inserted into the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 . A marking line 71 is drawn or engraved on the left end of the driving rod 2. The marking line 71 is a circular mark, and the length l 2 from the left end of the driving rod 2 satisfies 0.05L 2 <l 2 <0.2L 2 . Before the explosion impact, the position of the marking line 71, that is, the distance between the marking line 71 and the right end surface of the sealing retaining ring 7 is x 1 . The driving rod 2 is made of alloy material, and the material is required to meet: yield strength σ 2 >200MPa (based on the principle that it does not produce plastic deformation under the action of blast shock wave), density ρ 2 >2.0g/cm 3 .

薄壁管吸能构件3为圆筒型,外直径D3满足D2<D3<d1;薄壁管吸能构件3左端加工斜倒角,在斜倒角的左端面处,薄壁管吸能构件3内直径为D2,薄壁管吸能构件3壁厚为t3t3=(D3-D2)/2;在斜倒角31右端处以及薄壁管吸能构件3剩余部分的壁厚为t4满足0.0001m<t4<0.05m,内直径为d3,满足d3=D3-2t4,此种截面设计可以确保薄壁管吸能构件3整个横截面受到驱动杆件2的均匀作用;薄壁管吸能构件3长度L3=L1-L2且L3>L2,斜倒角31的轴向长度l3满足5t4<l3<20t4。薄壁管吸能构件3采用变形性能较好的材料制成,要求驱动杆件2在冲击波作用下对薄壁管吸能构件3进行插入时,薄壁管吸能构件3可产生比较明显的膨胀变形,且驱动杆件2在薄壁管吸能构件3内的插入位移较为明显;薄壁管吸能构件3材料要求满足:屈服强度σ3<1000MPa,密度ρ3<10.0g/cm3The thin-walled energy-absorbing member 3 is cylindrical, and the outer diameter D 3 satisfies D 2 <D 3 <d 1 ; the left end of the thin-walled energy-absorbing member 3 is chamfered, and the thin-walled The inner diameter of the pipe energy-absorbing member 3 is D 2 , and the wall thickness of the thin-walled pipe energy-absorbing member 3 is t 3 t 3 =(D 3 −D 2 )/2; 3 The wall thickness of the remaining part is t 4 satisfying 0.0001m<t 4 <0.05m, and the inner diameter is d 3 , satisfying d 3 =D 3 -2t 4 , this cross-sectional design can ensure that the entire transverse The section is uniformly acted by the driving rod 2; the length of the thin-walled pipe energy-absorbing member 3 is L 3 =L 1 -L 2 and L 3 >L 2 , the axial length l 3 of the chamfer 31 satisfies 5t 4 <l 3 < 20t 4 . The thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 is made of a material with good deformation performance. When the driving rod 2 is required to insert the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 under the action of shock waves, the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 can produce a relatively obvious Expansion and deformation, and the insertion displacement of the driving rod 2 in the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component 3 is relatively obvious; the material requirements of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component 3 meet: yield strength σ 3 <1000MPa, density ρ 3 <10.0g/cm 3 .

如图2所示,当薄壁管吸能构件3的左端加工有斜倒角31时,驱动杆件2的右端不加工斜倒角。如图3所示,当薄壁管吸能构件3的左端未加工斜倒角时,驱动杆件2的右端加工有斜倒角31,此斜倒角31的尺寸与薄壁管吸能构件3加工的斜倒角形状、尺寸相同(即图2中的斜倒角31的轴向长度l3和图3中的斜倒角31的轴向长度l3相同,图2中的斜倒角31的竖向长度为(D2-d3)/2,图3中的斜倒角31的竖向长度也为(D2-d3)/2,因为只涉及简单的机械加工,不再赘述)。As shown in FIG. 2 , when the left end of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 is processed with a chamfer 31 , the right end of the driving rod 2 is not processed with a chamfer. As shown in Figure 3, when the left end of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 is not chamfered, the right end of the driving rod 2 is processed with a chamfer 31, and the size of the chamfer 31 is the same as that of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member. 3 The shape and size of the processed chamfer are the same (that is, the axial length l3 of the chamfer 31 in FIG. 2 is the same as the axial length l3 of the chamfer 31 in FIG. The vertical length is (D2-d3)/2, and the vertical length of the beveled chamfer 31 in FIG.

固壁止位板4为圆形薄板,直径D4满足D1<D4<1.1D1,厚度t5满足0.1t1<t2<1.5t1。固壁止位板4采用硬质合金制成,要求材料满足:屈服强度σ4>200MPa,密度ρ4>2.0g/cm3,基本原则是薄壁管吸能构件3变形时固壁止位板4不产生塑性变形。固壁止位板4通过活动螺栓6固定在封装壳体1的右端面,用于限制薄壁管吸能构件3在右侧的位移。如图6所示,固壁止位板4上挖有阵列泄气孔5,阵列泄气孔5均匀分布,以保证薄壁管吸能构件3内的空气以及薄壁管吸能构件3与封装壳体1之间的空气均可顺利排出,不影响驱动杆件2对薄壁管吸能构件3的插入深度。固壁止位板4通过活动螺栓6进行固定和拆卸,从而能够重新装载新的薄壁管吸能构件3,实现传感器的再次利用。The solid wall stop plate 4 is a circular thin plate, the diameter D 4 satisfies D 1 <D 4 <1.1D 1 , and the thickness t 5 satisfies 0.1t 1 <t 2 <1.5t 1 . The solid-wall stop plate 4 is made of hard alloy, and the material is required to meet: yield strength σ 4 >200MPa, density ρ 4 >2.0g/cm 3 , the basic principle is that the solid-wall stop when the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 is deformed Plate 4 does not undergo plastic deformation. The solid-wall stop plate 4 is fixed on the right end surface of the packaging shell 1 by movable bolts 6, and is used to limit the displacement of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 on the right side. As shown in Figure 6, an array of vent holes 5 is dug on the solid-wall stop plate 4, and the array of vent holes 5 is evenly distributed to ensure the air in the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 and the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 and the packaging shell. The air between the bodies 1 can be discharged smoothly without affecting the insertion depth of the driving rod 2 to the energy-absorbing member 3 of the thin-walled tube. The solid-wall stop plate 4 is fixed and disassembled by the movable bolt 6, so that a new thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 can be reloaded, and the sensor can be reused.

阵列泄气孔5为圆形通孔,加工在固壁止位板4和封装壳体1侧壁上,直径φ1满足0.02D41<0.2D4。加工在固壁止位板4上的阵列泄气孔5均匀分布,数量为10~100个,孔的总面积达到固壁止位板4面积的20%~60%;加工在封装壳体1侧壁上的阵列泄气孔5沿封装壳体1环向和轴向均匀分布,环向分布数量为3~20个,轴向分布数量为5~50个,孔的总面积达到整个壳体面积的10%~30%。The array vent hole 5 is a circular through hole, which is processed on the solid wall stop plate 4 and the side wall of the packaging case 1, and the diameter φ 1 satisfies 0.02D 41 <0.2D 4 . The array vent holes 5 processed on the solid wall stop plate 4 are evenly distributed, the number is 10 to 100, and the total area of the holes reaches 20% to 60% of the area of the solid wall stop plate 4; processed on the side of the package shell 1 The arrayed vent holes 5 on the wall are evenly distributed along the circumferential and axial directions of the packaging shell 1, the number of which is 3 to 20 in the circumferential direction and 5 to 50 in the axial direction, and the total area of the holes reaches 10% of the area of the entire shell. 10% to 30%.

密封挡环7通过活动螺栓6固定在封装壳体1的左端面,用于确保将驱动杆件2、薄壁管吸能构件3挡在封装壳体1内,在运输和安装时保证驱动杆件2不会从封装壳体1的左端滑出。密封挡环7为圆环形,外直径D5满足D1<D5<1.2D1;内直径d2略小于驱动杆件2直径D2,内直径d2满足0.9D2<d2<D2;厚度t6满足0.1t1<t6<1.2t1。密封挡环7采用硬质合金制成,要求材料满足:屈服强度σ5>100MPa,密度ρ5>1.0g/cm3,基本原则是密封挡环受到冲击波作用时不产生塑性变形。The sealing retaining ring 7 is fixed on the left end face of the packaging shell 1 by the movable bolt 6, and is used to ensure that the driving rod 2 and the energy-absorbing member 3 of the thin-walled tube are blocked in the packaging shell 1, so as to ensure that the driving rod 2 is protected during transportation and installation. The component 2 will not slide out from the left end of the packaging case 1. The sealing retaining ring 7 is circular, and the outer diameter D 5 satisfies D 1 <D 5 <1.2D 1 ; the inner diameter d 2 is slightly smaller than the diameter D 2 of the driving rod 2, and the inner diameter d 2 satisfies 0.9D 2 <d 2 < D 2 ; the thickness t 6 satisfies 0.1t 1 <t 6 <1.2t 1 . The sealing retaining ring 7 is made of hard alloy, and the material is required to meet: yield strength σ 5 >100MPa, density ρ 5 >1.0g/cm 3 , and the basic principle is that the sealing retaining ring does not produce plastic deformation when subjected to shock waves.

图4是本发明受爆炸冲击后的轴向剖视图。如图4所示,爆炸冲击后,标示线71的位置右移,即标示线71与密封挡环7的右端面的距离增大,通过刻度尺判读得到标示线71对应的刻度值x2,则驱动杆件2插入薄壁管吸能构件3产生的位移量为Δx=x2-x1Fig. 4 is an axial sectional view of the present invention after being impacted by an explosion. As shown in Figure 4, after the explosion impact, the position of the marking line 71 moves to the right, that is, the distance between the marking line 71 and the right end face of the sealing retaining ring 7 increases, and the scale value x 2 corresponding to the marking line 71 is obtained by reading the scale. Then the displacement generated by the insertion of the driving rod 2 into the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 is Δx=x 2 −x 1 .

通过将固壁止位板4的活动螺栓6卸下可以更换新的薄壁管吸能构件3,实现传感器的再次利用。The energy-absorbing member 3 of the thin-walled tube can be replaced with a new thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 by removing the movable bolt 6 of the solid-wall stop plate 4 to realize the reuse of the sensor.

以上实施范例仅为本发明的一种实施方式。其具体结构和尺寸可根据实际需要进行相应的调整。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进(例如将驱动杆件2预压进薄壁管吸能构件3一定深度等),这些都属于本发明专利的保护范围。The above implementation example is only one implementation mode of the present invention. Its specific structure and size can be adjusted accordingly according to actual needs. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made (such as pre-pressing the driving rod 2 into the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 certain depth, etc.), these all belong to the scope of protection of the patent of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1.一种基于薄壁管膨胀吸能的冲击波能量无源测量传感器,其特征在于基于薄壁管膨胀吸能的冲击波能量无源测量传感器由封装壳体(1)、驱动杆件(2)、薄壁管吸能构件(3)、固壁止位板(4)、活动螺栓(6)、密封挡环(7)组成;1. A passive measurement sensor for shock wave energy based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes, characterized in that the passive measurement sensor for shock wave energy based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes consists of a package housing (1), a drive rod (2) , thin-walled pipe energy-absorbing component (3), solid-wall stop plate (4), movable bolt (6), and sealing retaining ring (7); 驱动杆件(2)、薄壁管吸能构件(3)位于封装壳体(1)内,且驱动杆件(2)、薄壁管吸能构件(3)、封装壳体(1)同轴安装;驱动杆件(2)紧贴薄壁管吸能构件(3)的左端面,固壁止位板(4)通过活动螺栓(6)固定在封装壳体(1)右端,并对封装壳体(1)右端面进行密封;密封挡环(7)通过活动螺栓(6)固定在封装壳体(1)左端;所述左端指基于薄壁管膨胀吸能的冲击波能量无源测量传感器靠近爆炸点(8)的一端,所述右端指基于薄壁管膨胀吸能的冲击波能量无源测量传感器远离爆炸点(8)的一端;The driving rod (2), the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member (3) are located in the packaging casing (1), and the driving rod (2), the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member (3), and the packaging casing (1) are Shaft installation; the driving rod (2) is close to the left end surface of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member (3), and the solid-wall stop plate (4) is fixed on the right end of the package shell (1) through movable bolts (6), and The right end face of the encapsulation shell (1) is sealed; the sealing retaining ring (7) is fixed on the left end of the encapsulation shell (1) by movable bolts (6); the left end refers to the passive measurement of shock wave energy based on the expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes The sensor is close to an end of the explosion point (8), and the said right end refers to an end away from the explosion point (8) of the shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on the expansion and energy absorption of the thin-walled tube; 封装壳体(1)为圆筒型,外直径为D1,壁厚为t1,内直径为d1,长度为L1,在封装壳体左端进行部分壁厚加厚,加厚部分内直径为D2,壁厚为t2,加厚部分轴向长度为l1;封装壳体(1)采用金属材料或者有机玻璃制成,在封装壳体(1)外侧壁沿轴向刻制或布置有长度刻度尺(10),若封装壳体(1)采用金属材料,在侧壁沿轴向开一个通槽(9),通槽(9)为长条形;The package shell (1) is cylindrical, with an outer diameter of D 1 , a wall thickness of t 1 , an inner diameter of d 1 , and a length of L 1 . Part of the wall thickness is thickened at the left end of the package shell, and the inside of the thickened part The diameter is D 2 , the wall thickness is t 2 , and the axial length of the thickened part is l 1 ; the encapsulation shell (1) is made of metal material or plexiglass, and the outer wall of the encapsulation shell (1) is engraved in the axial direction Or a length scale (10) is arranged. If the package shell (1) is made of metal material, a through slot (9) is opened in the axial direction on the side wall, and the through slot (9) is elongated; 驱动杆件(2)为圆柱形,直径等于D2,长度为L2,驱动杆件(2)采用合金材料制备;距离驱动杆件左端面l2处,在其外表面画上或刻上标示线(71);驱动杆件(2)和封装壳体(1)无摩擦滑动装配,驱动杆件两端面平行,且与封装壳体(1)中轴线垂直;驱动杆件(2)的材料要求满足驱动杆件(2)在爆炸冲击波作用下不产生塑性变形;The driving rod (2) is cylindrical, with a diameter equal to D 2 and a length of L 2 . The driving rod (2) is made of an alloy material; at a distance l 2 from the left end face of the driving rod, draw or engrave on its outer surface Marking line (71); the drive rod (2) and the packaging shell (1) are frictionless sliding assembly, the two ends of the drive rod are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis of the package shell (1); the drive rod (2) The material requirements meet that the driving rod (2) does not produce plastic deformation under the action of the explosion shock wave; 薄壁管吸能构件(3)为圆筒型,外直径为D3,长度为L3,薄壁管吸能构件(3)左端加工有斜倒角(31),斜倒角(31)的左端面处,薄壁管吸能构件(3)内直径等于D2,薄壁管吸能构件(3)壁厚为t3;在斜倒角(31)右端面处以及剩余部分的薄壁管吸能构件(3)的壁厚为t4,内直径为d3;薄壁管吸能构件(3)采用的材料要求驱动杆件(2)在冲击波作用下对薄壁管吸能构件(3)进行插入时,薄壁管吸能构件(3)产生膨胀变形,并使驱动杆件(2)在其内有插入位移;The thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component (3) is cylindrical, with an outer diameter of D 3 and a length of L 3 . The left end of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component (3) is processed with an oblique chamfer (31), and the oblique chamfer (31) At the left end face of the thin-walled pipe energy-absorbing member (3), the inner diameter is equal to D 2 , and the wall thickness of the thin-walled pipe energy-absorbing member (3) is t 3 ; The wall thickness of the wall tube energy-absorbing component (3) is t 4 , and the inner diameter is d 3 ; the material used for the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing component (3) requires the driving rod (2) to absorb energy for the thin-wall tube under the action of shock waves When the component (3) is inserted, the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component (3) will expand and deform, and cause the driving rod (2) to have an insertion displacement therein; 固壁止位板(4)为圆形薄板,材料为硬质合金,要求当薄壁管吸能构件(3)变形时固壁止位板(4)不产生塑性变形;固壁止位板(4)上有阵列泄气孔(5);固壁止位板(4)通过活动螺栓固定在封装壳体(1)的右端面,用于限制薄壁管吸能构件(3)在右侧的位移;The solid-wall stop plate (4) is a circular thin plate made of hard alloy, and it is required that the solid-wall stop plate (4) does not produce plastic deformation when the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing member (3) deforms; the solid-wall stop plate (4) There is an array of vent holes (5); the solid-wall stop plate (4) is fixed on the right end face of the packaging shell (1) by movable bolts, and is used to limit the energy-absorbing member (3) of the thin-walled tube on the right side displacement; 密封挡环(7)为圆环形,外直径D5与封装壳体匹配,内直径d2小于驱动杆件直径D2,材料为硬质合金,要求密封挡环(7)受到冲击波作用时不产生塑性变形。The sealing retaining ring (7) is circular, the outer diameter D 5 matches the packaging shell, the inner diameter d 2 is smaller than the diameter D 2 of the driving rod, and the material is hard alloy. When the sealing retaining ring (7) is subjected to shock waves No plastic deformation occurs. 2.如权利要求1所述的基于薄壁管膨胀吸能的冲击波能量无源测量传感器,其特征在于所述封装壳体(1)外直径D1满足0.01m<D1<0.3m,壁厚t1满足0.001m<t1<0.1m,长度L1满足0.01m<L1<1m,壁厚加厚部分内直径D2满足0.7D1<D2<D1,壁厚t2=(D1-D2)/2,加厚部分轴向长度l1满足0.3L1<l1<0.5L1;封装壳体(1)的材料屈服强度σ1>100MPa,密度ρ1>1g/cm32. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on thin-walled tube expansion energy absorption as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the outer diameter D of the package housing ( 1 ) satisfies 0.01m<D 1 <0.3m, and the wall Thickness t 1 satisfies 0.001m<t 1 <0.1m, length L 1 satisfies 0.01m<L 1 <1m, inner diameter D 2 of thickened part of wall thickness satisfies 0.7D 1 <D 2 <D 1 , wall thickness t 2 = (D 1 -D 2 )/2, the axial length l 1 of the thickened part satisfies 0.3L 1 <l 1 <0.5L 1 ; the material yield strength σ 1 >100MPa of the package shell (1), and the density ρ 1 >1g /cm 3 . 3.如权利要求1所述的基于薄壁管膨胀吸能的冲击波能量无源测量传感器,其特征在于封装壳体(1)采用金属材料时,所述通槽(9)长度l满足L2<l<L1,深度等于封装壳体(1)壁厚,宽度w满足0.01D1<w<0.1D13. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on the expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the encapsulation shell (1) adopts metal materials, the length l of the through groove (9) satisfies L 2 <l<L 1 , the depth is equal to the wall thickness of the packaging shell (1), and the width w satisfies 0.01D 1 <w<0.1D 1 . 4.如权利要求1所述的基于薄壁管膨胀吸能的冲击波能量无源测量传感器,其特征在于所述长度刻度尺(10)左端处于标示线(71)左侧或与标示线(71)平齐,分度值小于1mm,长度刻度尺(10)的长度满足L2<长度刻度尺(10)的长度<1.2L24. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on the expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that the left end of the length scale (10) is on the left side of the marking line (71) or in line with the marking line (71) ) are flush, the graduation value is less than 1 mm, and the length of the length scale (10) satisfies L 2 <length of the length scale (10) <1.2L 2 . 5.如权利要求1所述的基于薄壁管膨胀吸能的冲击波能量无源测量传感器,其特征在于所述驱动杆件(2)直径D2满足0.7D1<D2<D1,长度L2满足l1<L2<1.5l1;标示线(71)与其左端面距离l2满足0.05L2<l2<0.2L2;驱动杆件(2)和封装壳体(1)之间的摩擦系数μ<0.05;驱动杆件(2)材料屈服强度σ2>200MPa,密度ρ2>2.0g/cm35. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter D 2 of the driving rod (2) satisfies 0.7D 1 <D 2 <D 1 , and the length L 2 satisfies l 1 <L 2 <1.5l 1 ; the distance l 2 between the marking line (71) and its left end face satisfies 0.05L 2 <l 2 <0.2L 2 ; The coefficient of friction μ<0.05; the yield strength σ 2 of the material of the driving rod (2) >200MPa, and the density ρ 2 >2.0g/cm 3 . 6.如权利要求1所述的基于薄壁管膨胀吸能的冲击波能量无源测量传感器,其特征在于所述薄壁管吸能构件(3)外直径D3满足D2<D3<d1,薄壁管吸能构件(3)轴向长度L3=L1-L2,薄壁管吸能构件(3)的材料满足:屈服强度σ3<1000MPa,密度ρ3<10.0g/cm36. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer diameter D3 of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member ( 3 ) satisfies D 2 <D 3 <d 1. The axial length of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member (3) L 3 =L 1 -L 2 , the material of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member (3) satisfies: yield strength σ 3 <1000MPa, density ρ 3 <10.0g/ cm 3 . 7.如权利要求1所述的基于薄壁管膨胀吸能的冲击波能量无源测量传感器,其特征在于所述斜倒角(31)左端面处壁厚t3=(D3-D2)/2,斜倒角(31)右端面处以及剩余部分的薄壁管吸能构件(3)的壁厚t4满足0.0001m<t4<0.05m,内直径d3=D3-2t4,斜倒角(31)长度l3满足5t4<l3<20t47. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall thickness at the left end face of the chamfer (31) is t 3 =(D 3 -D 2 ) /2, the wall thickness t 4 of the thin-walled pipe energy-absorbing member (3) at the right end face of the bevel (31) and the remaining part satisfies 0.0001m<t 4 <0.05m, and the inner diameter d 3 =D 3 -2t 4 , the length l 3 of the oblique chamfer (31) satisfies 5t 4 <l 3 <20t 4 . 8.如权利要求1所述的基于薄壁管膨胀吸能的冲击波能量无源测量传感器,其特征在于所述固壁止位板(4)直径D4满足D1<D4<1.1D1,厚度t5满足0.1t1<t5<1.5t1;固壁止位板(4)材料的屈服强度σ4>200MPa,密度ρ4>2.0g/cm38. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter D4 of the solid wall stop plate ( 4 ) satisfies D 1 <D 4 <1.1D 1 , the thickness t 5 satisfies 0.1t 1 <t 5 <1.5t 1 ; the yield strength σ 4 >200MPa of the solid wall stop plate (4) material, and the density ρ 4 >2.0g/cm 3 . 9.如权利要求1所述的基于薄壁管膨胀吸能的冲击波能量无源测量传感器,其特征在于所述阵列泄气孔(5)为圆形通孔,直径φ1满足0.02D41<0.2D4,D4为固壁止位板(4)直径。9. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on thin-walled pipe expansion and energy absorption as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the array vent hole (5) is a circular through hole, and the diameter φ 1 satisfies 0.02D 41 <0.2D 4 , D 4 is the diameter of the solid wall stop plate (4). 10.如权利要求1所述的基于薄壁管膨胀吸能的冲击波能量无源测量传感器,其特征在于所述固壁止位板(4)上的阵列泄气孔(5)均匀分布,数量为10~100个,孔的总面积达到固壁止位板(4)面积的20%~60%。10. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on thin-walled pipe expansion and energy absorption as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the array vent holes (5) on the solid wall stop plate (4) are evenly distributed, and the number is 10-100, the total area of the holes reaches 20%-60% of the area of the solid wall stop plate (4). 11.如权利要求1所述的基于薄壁管膨胀吸能的冲击波能量无源测量传感器,其特征在于所述封装壳体(1)上开设有阵列泄气孔(5),阵列泄气孔(5)沿环向和轴向均匀分布,环向分布数量为3~20个,轴向分布数量为5~50个,孔的总面积达到整个封装壳体(1)面积的10%~30%。11. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on thin-walled tube expansion and energy absorption as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that an array of vent holes (5) is provided on the package housing (1), and the array of vent holes (5) ) are evenly distributed along the circumferential and axial directions, the number distributed in the circumferential direction is 3-20, the number distributed in the axial direction is 5-50, and the total area of the holes reaches 10%-30% of the area of the entire packaging shell (1). 12.如权利要求1所述的基于薄壁管膨胀吸能的冲击波能量无源测量传感器,其特征在于所述密封挡环(7)外直径D5满足D1<D5<1.2D1,内直径d2满足0.9D2<d2<D2,厚度t6满足0.1t1<t6<1.2t1;密封挡环(7)材料的屈服强度σ5>100MPa,密度ρ5>1.0g/cm312. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes according to claim 1 , characterized in that the outer diameter D5 of the sealing stop ring (7) satisfies D 1 <D 5 <1.2D 1 , The inner diameter d 2 satisfies 0.9D 2 <d 2 <D 2 , the thickness t 6 satisfies 0.1t 1 <t 6 <1.2t 1 ; the yield strength σ 5 >100MPa of the material of the sealing retaining ring (7), and the density ρ 5 >1.0 g/cm 3 . 13.如权利要求1所述的基于薄壁管膨胀吸能的冲击波能量无源测量传感器,其特征在于所述驱动杆件(2)右端侧面加工斜倒角(31),薄壁管吸能构件(3)左端不加工斜倒角。13. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on the expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the right side of the driving rod (2) is processed with beveled chamfers (31), and the thin-walled tubes absorb energy The left end of component (3) is not processed with chamfering.
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