CN110082018B - Shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tube - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a sensor for passively measuring shock wave energy based on thin-walled tube expansion energy absorption, and aims to overcome the defects of complex post-processing procedure, complex measuring system and the like of the conventional passive measuring method. The invention is composed of a packaging shell, a driving rod piece, a thin-wall tube energy absorption component, a wall fixing stop plate, a movable bolt and a sealing baffle ring, wherein the driving rod piece, the thin-wall tube energy absorption component and the packaging shell are coaxially arranged. The driving rod piece does not generate plastic deformation under the action of the explosive shock wave, and when the driving rod piece inserts the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing component under the action of the shock wave, the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing component generates deformation. And measuring the insertion displacement of the driving rod piece, and realizing passive quantitative measurement of the shock wave energy by utilizing the relation between the deformation displacement and the absorbed energy. The invention has simple structure, no need of power supply, convenient layout, low cost and repeated use, has high response sensitivity to shock waves with different strengths, and solves the technical problem that the energy of the shock waves is difficult to quantitatively test in severe environment.

Description

Shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tube

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of measurement and detection, and in particular relates to a sensor for measuring shock wave parameters generated by an explosion, which is a passive sensor for measuring explosion shock wave energy by utilizing the elastic-plastic expansion deformation energy absorption characteristics of materials.

Background technique

The methods of measuring the pressure, impulse and other parameters of the shock wave generated by the explosion of explosives can generally be divided into two types: active measurement and passive measurement. Among them, active measurement mainly relies on various electrical sensors. Electrical sensor measurement technology is relatively mature and is the most popular testing method. There are various high-precision shock wave electrical measurement sensors on the market, but in some natural environments Under relatively harsh conditions, such as deserts, plateaus or islands, where the explosion test environment is relatively complicated, there are problems such as the inability to arrange precision electrical measuring devices, or the cost is very high, or the layout is very difficult. At this time, electrical sensors are used. Active measurement has great limitations; in addition, the electromagnetic interference generated during the explosion of explosives may prevent the electrical sensor from acquiring signals, or the acquired signals are chaotic and the signal-to-noise ratio decreases, making subsequent analysis and processing very difficult. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art to design a passive measurement sensor for explosion shock wave parameters, thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of shock wave measurement results and reducing the difficulty of testing.

Among the existing passive measurement methods, the methods for measuring shock wave pressure parameters mainly include the use of Hopkinson rods, natural effectors, and equivalent target plates. However, the Hopkinson rod has the disadvantage that the system is too complicated to measure the pressure of the explosion shock wave front; natural effectors can only qualitatively measure the intensity range of the shock wave by judging the fracture of pine boards, broken glass, and death of small animals after the explosion shock wave. It is a qualitative evaluation, and it is not suitable for a large number of evaluations of the explosion damage force field; the equivalent target plate method is to calculate the corresponding overpressure and specific impulse value by measuring the deformation or damage of the target plate after the explosion test , although the equivalent target plate method has the advantages of fast layout, low cost and no interference from parasitic effects, the disadvantage of the equivalent target plate method is that there are insufficient constraints and other factors (rebound, collision, etc.) in actual experiments. The impact makes the experimental results different from the ideal deformation, and the target plate needs regular maintenance, and the post-measurement processing procedure is cumbersome and other problems.

In summary, the existing measurement methods have at least the following technical problems:

1. Existing electrical measurement active sensors have problems such as electromagnetic interference, high cost, and difficult wiring. They cannot accurately measure shock wave energy in a relatively harsh natural environment.

2. Most of the existing passive measurement methods are not accurate enough, and there are many defects in high-precision passive measurement, such as cumbersome post-measurement processing procedures, complex measurement systems, and the need for electrical measurement equipment to assist measurement.

In fact, the passive measurement of the shock wave energy can be obtained through the deformation measurement of some materials with better deformation properties, for example, some soft metals (such as aluminum, copper, etc.) are ideal energy-absorbing materials. At present, most irreversibly deformed cushioning materials use plastic deformation of materials to absorb energy. The commonly used methods include: material collapse, material cutting, material diameter expansion and other deformation methods. Among them, the expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes is a kind of material diameter expansion deformation method. The way of this method to absorb impact energy is the plastic deformation energy consumption and friction heating energy consumption during the diameter expansion deformation process of thin-walled tubes. Existing studies have shown that, through reasonable design, the deformation mode and compression load of the thin-walled pipe expansion deformation structure are relatively stable and controllable, and it is a kind of cushioning energy-absorbing element with excellent performance. In addition, in terms of technical indicators, during the expansion deformation process of the thin-walled tube, the resistance generated by the expansion of the inner wall within a certain range is constant, and the energy absorbed by it is basically in a linear relationship with the length of the expanded part of the thin-walled tube (or Definite functional relationship), such energy-diameter expansion displacement correspondence characteristics, so that it can be used for quantitative measurement of energy. Thin-walled tubes are generally cylindrical in shape, and thin-walled tube structures with different wall thicknesses and materials can form energy-absorbing structures of various specifications that accurately correspond to different energy-deformation displacements, and can achieve relatively accurate shock waves of different intensities. Measurement. At the same time, by selecting materials with stable performance and corrosion resistance to make the energy-absorbing structure of the thin-walled tube, an energy measurement sensor device with stable structure, reliable performance, and long-term preservation and use can be produced.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on the expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes, so as to solve the difficulties in wiring and electromagnetic interference in the electrical measurement active sensors used in the existing active measurement methods; In the existing passive measurement method, the post-measurement processing procedure is cumbersome, or the measurement system is complicated, or the electrical measurement equipment is required for auxiliary measurement. The sensor provided has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability, fast layout, convenient post-result processing, high measurement accuracy, etc. It provides a new reference option for shock wave parameter measurement.

The invention utilizes the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component to quantitatively convert the shock wave energy into the embedding displacement of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component, thereby realizing rapid quantitative passive measurement of the shock wave energy in the explosion field.

The invention consists of a packaging shell, a driving rod, a thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component, a solid-wall stop plate, a movable bolt, and a sealing retaining ring. The end close to the explosion point of the packaging shell is defined as the left end of the present invention, and the end far away from the explosion point is the right end of the present invention. The driving rod and the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube are located in the encapsulating shell, and the driving rod, the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube and the encapsulating shell are installed coaxially. The driving rod is in close contact with the left end surface of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member. The solid wall stop plate is fixed on the right end of the packaging shell by movable bolts, and seals the right end surface of the packaging shell. The sealing retaining ring is fixed on the left end of the packaging casing by movable bolts, so as to prevent the driving rod and the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member from slipping out from the left end of the packaging casing.

The packaging shell is used for loading and fixing other components, and is cylindrical. The outer diameter D ₁ of the package shell satisfies 0.01m<D ₁ <0.3m, the wall thickness t ₁ satisfies 0.001m<t ₁ <0.1m, the inner diameter d ₁ =D ₁ -2t ₁ , and the length L ₁ satisfies 0.01m<L ₁ <1m; part of the side wall is thickened at the left end of the package shell to fix the driving rod, the inner diameter of the thickened part is D ₂ to satisfy 0.7D ₁ <D ₂ <D ₁ , and the wall thickness is t ₂ =(D ₁ -D ₂ )/2, the axial length of the thickened part is l ₁ and satisfies 0.3L ₁ <l ₁ <0.5L ₁ . An array of vent holes can be processed on the side wall of the package case to help the gas in the package case to be discharged smoothly and minimize the influence of the gas on the movement of the driving rod. The package housing carries the driving rod and the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member, and ensures that the driving rod can slide freely and without friction in the package housing (friction coefficient μ<0.05). The packaging shell is made of metal materials or plexiglass, etc., and the materials are required to meet: yield strength σ ₁ >100MPa, density ρ ₁ >1g/cm ³ , and the basic principle is that the packaging shell does not produce plastic deformation when subjected to shock waves. When the packaging shell is made of non-transparent materials such as metal materials, a through groove can be opened in the side wall along the axial direction (for the convenience of implementation, the left end of the through groove can be flush with the marking line). The through groove is long and the length l satisfies L ₂ <l<L ₁ , the depth is the wall thickness of the packaging shell, and the width w satisfies 0.01D ₁ <w<0.1D ₁ , the driving rod, thin-walled tube energy-absorbing components, Whether the three solid wall stop plates are in close contact. Carve or arrange a length scale along the axial direction on the outer wall of the package housing (the left side of the length scale is required to be on the left of the marking line or aligned with the marking line, if it is aligned with the marking line, it can be easily read), and the length scale is divided The value is less than 1mm, and the length of the length scale satisfies L ₂ <the length of the length scale (10)<1.2L ₂ . , which is used to directly read the displacement of the driving rod, and the local shock wave energy value can be converted by the displacement of the rod. If the encapsulation shell is made of a transparent material, it is not necessary to open the slot, and it is sufficient to engrave or arrange a length scale directly on the outer wall of the encapsulation shell along the axial direction.

The driving rod is used to convert the local shock wave energy in the air into its own kinetic energy. It is suitable to be cylindrical, with a diameter equal to D ₂ and a length of L ₂ to satisfy l ₁ <L ₂ <1.5l ₁ . The length can be determined according to actual measurement needs Adjustment; at a distance of 12 from the left end face of the driving rod, draw or engrave an obvious marking line on its outer surface (such as the ring corresponding to 71 in Figure _{2) for positioning and reading, l 2 meets} 0.05L ₂ <l ₂ <0.2L ₂ ; both ends of the driving rod are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis of the package shell, and the right side of the driving rod can be chamfered (if the left end of the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube is chamfered, Then the side of the right end of the driving rod is not chamfered), so as to ensure that the driving rod can be evenly inserted into the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member; there is no friction sliding assembly between the driving rod and the packaging shell (friction coefficient μ<0.05). The driving rod is made of alloy material. The material meets the principle that the driving rod does not produce plastic deformation under the action of the explosion shock wave. The specific requirements of the material meet: yield strength σ ₂ >200MPa, density ρ ₂ >2.0g/cm ³ .

The energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube is used to convert the kinetic energy of the driving rod. It is cylindrical, and the outer diameter D ₃ satisfies D ₂ <D ₃ <d ₁ ; The inner diameter of the thin-walled tube at the left end face of the chamfer is D ₂ , the wall thickness is t ₃ =(D ₃ -D ₂ )/2, the wall thickness of the thin-walled tube at the right end face of the chamfer and the rest t ₄ satisfies 0.0001m<t ₄ <0.05m, and the inner diameter is d ₃ =D ₃ -2t ₄ , this section design ensures that the entire cross-section of the energy-absorbing member of the thin-walled pipe is inserted evenly by the driving rod; the thin-walled The tube length is L ₃ =L ₁ -L ₂ , and the axial length l ₃ of the chamfer satisfies 5t ₄ <l ₃ <20t ₄ . The energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube is made of a material with relatively good deformation performance. When the driving rod is required to insert the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube under the action of the shock wave, the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube can produce relatively obvious expansion deformation and Make the driving rod have a relatively obvious insertion displacement; the material of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member is required to meet: yield strength σ ₃ <1000MPa, density ρ ₃ <10.0g/cm ³ .

The solid-wall stop plate is used to fix and seal the driving rod and the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube. Its shape only needs to match the package shell. When the package shell is cylindrical, it is a circular thin plate with a diameter of D ₄ Satisfy D ₁ <D ₄ <1.1D ₁ , and the thickness t ₅ satisfies 0.1t ₁ <t ₅ <1.5t ₁ . The solid-wall stop plate is made of hard alloy, and the material is required to meet: yield strength σ ₄ >200MPa, density ρ ₄ >2.0g/cm ³ , the basic principle is that the solid-wall stop plate does not produce plastic deformation. The solid-wall stop plate is fixed on the right end surface of the packaging shell through movable bolts, and is used to limit the displacement of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member on the right side. The solid-wall stop plate needs to be provided with an array of vent holes, which are evenly distributed on the entire bottom (to ensure that there are vent holes on the inside and outside corresponding to the thin-walled tube), the number is 10 to 100, and the total area of the holes reaches the solid-wall stop 20% to 60% of the plate area to ensure that the air in the thin-walled tube and the air between the thin-walled tube and the packaging shell can be discharged smoothly, without affecting the insertion depth of the driving rod into the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member. The solid-wall stop plate is fixed and disassembled by movable bolts, so that new thin-walled tube energy-absorbing components can be reloaded to realize the reuse of sensors.

The array vent hole is used to smoothly and timely discharge the gas inside the packaging shell and the thin-walled tube when the driving rod is inserted into the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component. It is usually a circular through hole, and the diameter φ ₁ satisfies 0.02D ₄ <φ ₁ <0.2D ₄ . The array vent holes on the solid wall stop plate are evenly distributed, the number is 10 to 100, the total area of the holes reaches 20% to 60% of the area of the solid wall stop plate, and ensure that the inner and outer parts corresponding to the thin-walled pipe are evenly distributed. There are enough vent holes; if vent holes are also provided on the package shell, the array vent holes can be evenly distributed along the circumferential and axial directions of the package shell. There are 50 holes, and the total area of the holes reaches 10%-30% of the whole shell area.

The sealing retaining ring is used to ensure that the driving rod and the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube are blocked in the packaging shell, so that the driving rod will not slip out from the left end of the packing shell during transportation and installation, and its shape matches the packing shell That is, when the packaging shell is cylindrical, it is circular, and the outer diameter D ₅ satisfies D ₁ <D ₅ <1.2D ₁ ; the inner diameter d ₂ is slightly smaller than the diameter of the driving rod, that is, the inner diameter d ₂ satisfies 0.9D ₂ <d ₂ <D ₂ ; thickness t ₆ satisfies 0.1t ₁ <t ₆ <1.2t ₁ . The sealing retaining ring is made of hard alloy, and the material is required to meet: yield strength σ ₅ >100MPa, density ρ ₅ >1.0g/cm ³ , and the basic principle is that the sealing retaining ring does not produce plastic deformation when subjected to shock waves.

The process of adopting the present invention to measure blast field shock wave energy is:

Before the start of the shock wave energy measurement, ensure that the driving rod is in close contact with the sealing retaining ring, and that the driving rod, the energy-absorbing member of the thin-walled tube, and the solid-wall stop plate are in close contact without gaps; and ensure that the driving rod and the thin-walled tube are in close contact. The energy-absorbing components are coaxial; the vent holes in the array are unobstructed and free from blockage. The whole of the present invention is firmly fixed on the support, and try to ensure that the explosion point is on the same straight line as the end face normal of the present invention. The fixed support is a slender rod, and the material adopts alloy steel with relatively high strength. The diameter and length of the support are based on specific experimental conditions. Make sure that the lower end of the bracket is fixed on the ground or a heavy support.

The driving rod is located at the left end of the whole inventive device and is used to bear the impact load of the external shock wave. The close contact between the driving rod and the sealing retaining ring can be directly observed and judged; the interface between the driving rod and the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube, the interface between the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube and the solid-wall stop plate, through the package shell Through the slot on the side wall of the body (if it is made of organic glass, you can directly observe it) to observe whether the three are in close contact; and record the marking on the drive rod through the length scale carved or arranged in the axial direction on the package shell. The specific position of the line (such as the shallow ring corresponding to x ₁ in Figure 2).

At the beginning of the experiment, an explosion occurred at the explosion point, and the resulting shock wave propagated in space. When the shock wave reached the left surface of the driving rod, it loaded the driving rod. The energy of the shock wave is transmitted to the driving rod and converted into kinetic energy of the driving rod, so that the driving rod begins to insert into the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member and compress the gas in the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member, and the gas passes through the bottom solid wall stop plate The air vents on the array are discharged without affecting the movement of the driving rod.

Before the explosion impact, the position of the marking line on the driving rod on the scale is x ₁ (as shown in Figure 2), after the explosion impact, the marking line moves to x ₂ (as shown in Figure 4), which can be read by the scale Obtaining x ₁ and x ₂ , the displacement of the driving rod inserted into the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member is Δx=x ₂ -x ₁ (the units of x ₁ , x ₂ and Δx are all in m). When interpreting, it should be ensured that the interface between the driving rod and the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube, and the interface between the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube and the solid-walled stop plate are in close contact. The energy sensitivity coefficient of the present invention has been calibrated as k (unit: kg m/s ² ) through the gas-driven impact technology, and the plastic deformation energy E=k of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member can be calculated according to the displacement Δx and the coefficient k · Δx, that is, the kinetic energy obtained to drive the rod. Since the driving rod will not produce plastic deformation, the kinetic energy of the driving rod is the energy transmitted to the sensor by the air shock wave caused by the explosive explosion at the explosion point, so as to realize the rapid passive quantitative measurement of the shock wave energy.

After the experiment, the sensor can be reused by removing the movable bolt of the solid-wall stop plate and replacing it with a new thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member.

The following technical effects can be achieved by adopting the present invention:

1. The present invention can read the displacement Δx of the driving rod inserted into the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member through the length scale pre-engraved or arranged on the package shell, and the shock wave in the sensor can be easily obtained according to the energy sensitivity coefficient. Quantitative measurement of blast air shock wave energy is completed.

2. The energy-absorbing member of the thin-walled tube of the present invention can be composed of various forms such as different materials, different diameters, and different wall thicknesses, so that the thin-walled tube can form a relatively rich specification, and can realize shock waves with high, medium and low intensity All have relatively high response sensitivity, so they can be applied to the measurement of blast energy in the near-field, mid-field and far-field of explosions.

3. The present invention has the characteristics of simple structure, no need for power supply, convenient layout and use, simple and intuitive results, low cost of use, and reusability.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an axial sectional view of the present invention before being impacted by an explosion (a chamfer 31 is processed on the left end of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3).

Fig. 3 is the axial cross-sectional view of the present invention before being impacted by the explosion (the beveled chamfer 31 is processed on the side of the right end of the driving rod 2)

Fig. 4 is an axial sectional view of the present invention after being impacted by an explosion.

FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the packaging case 1 .

FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the solid wall stop plate 4 .

Explanation of reference signs:

1. Encapsulation shell, 2. Driving rod, 3. Thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component, 4. Solid-wall stop plate, 5. Array vent hole, 6. Movable bolt, 7. Sealing retaining ring, 8. Explosion point , 9. Long bar groove, 10. Length scale.

Detailed ways

In order to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand and implement the patent of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the present invention is composed of a package casing 1 , a driving rod 2 , a thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 , a solid-wall stop plate 4 , a movable bolt 6 , and a sealing retaining ring 7 . Define the end of the present invention close to the explosion point 8 as the left end, and define the end of the present invention away from the explosion point 8 as the right end. The driving rod 2 and the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 are located in the encapsulation shell 1, the solid-wall stop plate 4 is fixed on the right end of the encapsulation shell 1 by movable bolts 6, and the right end surface of the encapsulation shell 1 is encapsulated, and the sealing barrier The ring 7 is fixed on the left end of the packaging case 1 by the movable bolt 6 . The driving rod 2, the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3, and the packaging shell 1 are installed coaxially. The left end face of the driving rod 2 is in close contact with the right end face of the sealing retaining ring 7 , and the right end face of the driving rod 2 is in close contact with the left end face of the thin-walled energy-absorbing member 3 .

Fig. 2 is an axial sectional view of the present invention before being impacted by an explosion. As shown in Figure 2, the package housing 1 is cylindrical, the outer diameter D ₁ satisfies 0.01m<D ₁ <0.3m, the wall thickness t ₁ satisfies 0.001m<t ₁ <0.1m, and the inner diameter d ₁ satisfies d ₁ =D ₁ -2t ₁ , the length L ₁ satisfies 0.01m<L ₁ <1m; the side wall of the left end part of the packaging shell 1 is thickened, and the inner diameter of the thickened part is D ₂ , which satisfies 0.7D ₁ <D ₂ <D ₁ , The wall thickness of the thickened part is t ₂ , t ₂ =(D ₁ -D ₂ )/2, and the axial length of the thickened part is l ₁ , satisfying 0.3L ₁ <l ₁ <0.5L ₁ . The encapsulation shell 1 coaxially wraps the loading drive rod 2 and the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 , and ensures that the friction force between the drive rod 2 and the encapsulation shell 1 is negligible (friction coefficient μ<0.05). The package shell 1 is made of metal material or plexiglass, etc., and the material is required to meet: yield strength σ ₁ >100MPa, density ρ ₁ >1g/cm ³ , and the basic principle is that the package shell 1 does not produce plastic deformation when subjected to shock waves. As shown in Figure 5, when the packaging case 1 is made of non-transparent materials such as metal, the side wall of the packaging case 1 is provided with a through groove 9 along the axial direction. The through groove 9 is long and the length l of the through groove 9 satisfies L ₂ <l<L ₁ , the depth of the through groove 9 is the wall thickness of the packaging shell, and the width w satisfies 0.01D ₁ <w<0.1D ₁ , through the through groove 9, the driving rod 2, the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component 3, the solid Whether the wall stop plate 4 is in close contact. A length scale 10 is engraved or arranged on the outer wall of the package housing 1 axially close to the through groove 9, the left side of the length scale 10 is located to the left of the marking line or is aligned with the marking line, and the length of the length scale (10) satisfies L ₂ <the length of the length scale (10) is <1.2L ₂ , and the 10 division value of the length scale is less than 1mm. An array of vent holes 5 is dug on the side wall of the packaging case 1 .

The driving rod 2 is cylindrical, the diameter D ₂ satisfies 0.7D ₁ <D ₂ <D ₁ , and the length L ₂ satisfies l ₁ <L ₂ <0.5L ₁ ; The axis is vertical to ensure that the driving rod 2 can be evenly inserted into the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 . A marking line 71 is drawn or engraved on the left end of the driving rod 2. The marking line 71 is a circular mark, and the length l 2 from the left end of the driving rod ₂ satisfies 0.05L ₂ <l ₂ <0.2L ₂ . Before the explosion impact, the position of the marking line 71, that is, the distance between the marking line 71 and the right end surface of the sealing retaining ring 7 is x ₁ . The driving rod 2 is made of alloy material, and the material is required to meet: yield strength σ ₂ >200MPa (based on the principle that it does not produce plastic deformation under the action of blast shock wave), density ρ ₂ >2.0g/cm ³ .

The thin-walled energy-absorbing member 3 is cylindrical, and the outer diameter D ₃ satisfies D ₂ <D ₃ <d ₁ ; the left end of the thin-walled energy-absorbing member 3 is chamfered, and the thin-walled The inner diameter of the pipe energy-absorbing member 3 is D ₂ , and the wall thickness of the thin-walled pipe energy-absorbing member 3 is t ₃ t ₃ =(D ₃ −D ₂ )/2; 3 The wall thickness of the remaining part is t ₄ satisfying 0.0001m<t ₄ <0.05m, and the inner diameter is d ₃ , satisfying d ₃ =D ₃ -2t ₄ , this cross-sectional design can ensure that the entire transverse The section is uniformly acted by the driving rod 2; the length of the thin-walled pipe energy-absorbing member 3 is L ₃ =L ₁ -L ₂ and L ₃ >L ₂ , the axial length l ₃ of the chamfer 31 satisfies 5t ₄ <l ₃ < 20t ₄ . The thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 is made of a material with good deformation performance. When the driving rod 2 is required to insert the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 under the action of shock waves, the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 can produce a relatively obvious Expansion and deformation, and the insertion displacement of the driving rod 2 in the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component 3 is relatively obvious; the material requirements of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component 3 meet: yield strength σ ₃ <1000MPa, density ρ ₃ <10.0g/cm ³ .

As shown in FIG. 2 , when the left end of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 is processed with a chamfer 31 , the right end of the driving rod 2 is not processed with a chamfer. As shown in Figure 3, when the left end of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 is not chamfered, the right end of the driving rod 2 is processed with a chamfer 31, and the size of the chamfer 31 is the same as that of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member. 3 The shape and size of the processed chamfer are the same (that is, the axial length l3 of the chamfer 31 in FIG. 2 is the same as the axial length l3 of the chamfer 31 in FIG. The vertical length is (D2-d3)/2, and the vertical length of the beveled chamfer 31 in FIG.

The solid wall stop plate 4 is a circular thin plate, the diameter D ₄ satisfies D ₁ <D ₄ <1.1D ₁ , and the thickness t ₅ satisfies 0.1t ₁ <t ₂ <1.5t ₁ . The solid-wall stop plate 4 is made of hard alloy, and the material is required to meet: yield strength σ ₄ >200MPa, density ρ ₄ >2.0g/cm ³ , the basic principle is that the solid-wall stop when the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 is deformed Plate 4 does not undergo plastic deformation. The solid-wall stop plate 4 is fixed on the right end surface of the packaging shell 1 by movable bolts 6, and is used to limit the displacement of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 on the right side. As shown in Figure 6, an array of vent holes 5 is dug on the solid-wall stop plate 4, and the array of vent holes 5 is evenly distributed to ensure the air in the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 and the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 and the packaging shell. The air between the bodies 1 can be discharged smoothly without affecting the insertion depth of the driving rod 2 to the energy-absorbing member 3 of the thin-walled tube. The solid-wall stop plate 4 is fixed and disassembled by the movable bolt 6, so that a new thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 can be reloaded, and the sensor can be reused.

The array vent hole 5 is a circular through hole, which is processed on the solid wall stop plate 4 and the side wall of the packaging case 1, and the diameter φ ₁ satisfies 0.02D ₄ <φ ₁ <0.2D ₄ . The array vent holes 5 processed on the solid wall stop plate 4 are evenly distributed, the number is 10 to 100, and the total area of the holes reaches 20% to 60% of the area of the solid wall stop plate 4; processed on the side of the package shell 1 The arrayed vent holes 5 on the wall are evenly distributed along the circumferential and axial directions of the packaging shell 1, the number of which is 3 to 20 in the circumferential direction and 5 to 50 in the axial direction, and the total area of the holes reaches 10% of the area of the entire shell. 10% to 30%.

The sealing retaining ring 7 is fixed on the left end face of the packaging shell 1 by the movable bolt 6, and is used to ensure that the driving rod 2 and the energy-absorbing member 3 of the thin-walled tube are blocked in the packaging shell 1, so as to ensure that the driving rod 2 is protected during transportation and installation. The component 2 will not slide out from the left end of the packaging case 1. The sealing retaining ring 7 is circular, and the outer diameter D ₅ satisfies D ₁ <D ₅ <1.2D ₁ ; the inner diameter d ₂ is slightly smaller than the diameter D ₂ of the driving rod 2, and the inner diameter d ₂ satisfies 0.9D ₂ <d ₂ < D ₂ ; the thickness t ₆ satisfies 0.1t ₁ <t ₆ <1.2t ₁ . The sealing retaining ring 7 is made of hard alloy, and the material is required to meet: yield strength σ ₅ >100MPa, density ρ ₅ >1.0g/cm ³ , and the basic principle is that the sealing retaining ring does not produce plastic deformation when subjected to shock waves.

Fig. 4 is an axial sectional view of the present invention after being impacted by an explosion. As shown in Figure 4, after the explosion impact, the position of the marking line 71 moves to the right, that is, the distance between the marking line 71 and the right end face of the sealing retaining ring 7 increases, and the scale value x ₂ corresponding to the marking line 71 is obtained by reading the scale. Then the displacement generated by the insertion of the driving rod 2 into the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 is Δx=x ₂ −x ₁ .

The energy-absorbing member 3 of the thin-walled tube can be replaced with a new thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 by removing the movable bolt 6 of the solid-wall stop plate 4 to realize the reuse of the sensor.

The above implementation example is only one implementation mode of the present invention. Its specific structure and size can be adjusted accordingly according to actual needs. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made (such as pre-pressing the driving rod 2 into the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 certain depth, etc.), these all belong to the scope of protection of the patent of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1. A passive measurement sensor for shock wave energy based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes, characterized in that the passive measurement sensor for shock wave energy based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes consists of a package housing (1), a drive rod (2) , thin-walled pipe energy-absorbing component (3), solid-wall stop plate (4), movable bolt (6), and sealing retaining ring (7); The driving rod (2), the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member (3) are located in the packaging casing (1), and the driving rod (2), the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member (3), and the packaging casing (1) are Shaft installation; the driving rod (2) is close to the left end surface of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member (3), and the solid-wall stop plate (4) is fixed on the right end of the package shell (1) through movable bolts (6), and The right end face of the encapsulation shell (1) is sealed; the sealing retaining ring (7) is fixed on the left end of the encapsulation shell (1) by movable bolts (6); the left end refers to the passive measurement of shock wave energy based on the expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes The sensor is close to an end of the explosion point (8), and the said right end refers to an end away from the explosion point (8) of the shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on the expansion and energy absorption of the thin-walled tube; The package shell (1) is cylindrical, with an outer diameter of D ₁ , a wall thickness of t ₁ , an inner diameter of d ₁ , and a length of L ₁ . Part of the wall thickness is thickened at the left end of the package shell, and the inside of the thickened part The diameter is D ₂ , the wall thickness is t ₂ , and the axial length of the thickened part is l ₁ ; the encapsulation shell (1) is made of metal material or plexiglass, and the outer wall of the encapsulation shell (1) is engraved in the axial direction Or a length scale (10) is arranged. If the package shell (1) is made of metal material, a through slot (9) is opened in the axial direction on the side wall, and the through slot (9) is elongated; The driving rod (2) is cylindrical, with a diameter equal to D ₂ and a length of L ₂ . The driving rod (2) is made of an alloy material; at a distance l ₂ from the left end face of the driving rod, draw or engrave on its outer surface Marking line (71); the drive rod (2) and the packaging shell (1) are frictionless sliding assembly, the two ends of the drive rod are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis of the package shell (1); the drive rod (2) The material requirements meet that the driving rod (2) does not produce plastic deformation under the action of the explosion shock wave; The thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component (3) is cylindrical, with an outer diameter of D ₃ and a length of L ₃ . The left end of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component (3) is processed with an oblique chamfer (31), and the oblique chamfer (31) At the left end face of the thin-walled pipe energy-absorbing member (3), the inner diameter is equal to D ₂ , and the wall thickness of the thin-walled pipe energy-absorbing member (3) is t ₃ ; The wall thickness of the wall tube energy-absorbing component (3) is t ₄ , and the inner diameter is d ₃ ; the material used for the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing component (3) requires the driving rod (2) to absorb energy for the thin-wall tube under the action of shock waves When the component (3) is inserted, the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component (3) will expand and deform, and cause the driving rod (2) to have an insertion displacement therein; The solid-wall stop plate (4) is a circular thin plate made of hard alloy, and it is required that the solid-wall stop plate (4) does not produce plastic deformation when the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing member (3) deforms; the solid-wall stop plate (4) There is an array of vent holes (5); the solid-wall stop plate (4) is fixed on the right end face of the packaging shell (1) by movable bolts, and is used to limit the energy-absorbing member (3) of the thin-walled tube on the right side displacement; The sealing retaining ring (7) is circular, the outer diameter D ₅ matches the packaging shell, the inner diameter d ₂ is smaller than the diameter D ₂ of the driving rod, and the material is hard alloy. When the sealing retaining ring (7) is subjected to shock waves No plastic deformation occurs. 2. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on thin-walled tube expansion energy absorption as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the outer diameter D of the package housing ( ₁ ) satisfies 0.01m<D ₁ <0.3m, and the wall Thickness t ₁ satisfies 0.001m<t ₁ <0.1m, length L ₁ satisfies 0.01m<L ₁ <1m, inner diameter D ₂ of thickened part of wall thickness satisfies 0.7D ₁ <D ₂ <D ₁ , wall thickness t ₂ = (D ₁ -D ₂ )/2, the axial length l ₁ of the thickened part satisfies 0.3L ₁ <l ₁ <0.5L ₁ ; the material yield strength σ ₁ >100MPa of the package shell (1), and the density ρ ₁ >1g /cm ³ . 3. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on the expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the encapsulation shell (1) adopts metal materials, the length l of the through groove (9) satisfies L ₂ <l<L ₁ , the depth is equal to the wall thickness of the packaging shell (1), and the width w satisfies 0.01D ₁ <w<0.1D ₁ . 4. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on the expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that the left end of the length scale (10) is on the left side of the marking line (71) or in line with the marking line (71) ) are flush, the graduation value is less than 1 mm, and the length of the length scale (10) satisfies L ₂ <length of the length scale (10) <1.2L ₂ . 5. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter D ₂ of the driving rod (2) satisfies 0.7D ₁ <D ₂ <D ₁ , and the length L ₂ satisfies l ₁ <L ₂ <1.5l ₁ ; the distance l ₂ between the marking line (71) and its left end face satisfies 0.05L ₂ <l ₂ <0.2L ₂ ; The coefficient of friction μ<0.05; the yield strength σ ₂ of the material of the driving rod (2) >200MPa, and the density ρ ₂ >2.0g/cm ³ . 6. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer diameter D3 of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member ( ₃ ) satisfies D ₂ <D ₃ <d _1. The axial length of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member (3) L ₃ =L ₁ -L ₂ , the material of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member (3) satisfies: yield strength σ ₃ <1000MPa, density ρ ₃ <10.0g/ cm ³ . 7. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall thickness at the left end face of the chamfer (31) is t ₃ =(D ₃ -D ₂ ) /2, the wall thickness t ₄ of the thin-walled pipe energy-absorbing member (3) at the right end face of the bevel (31) and the remaining part satisfies 0.0001m<t ₄ <0.05m, and the inner diameter d ₃ =D ₃ -2t ₄ , the length l ₃ of the oblique chamfer (31) satisfies 5t ₄ <l ₃ <20t ₄ . 8. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter D4 of the solid wall stop plate ( ₄ ) satisfies D ₁ <D ₄ <1.1D ₁ , the thickness t ₅ satisfies 0.1t ₁ <t ₅ <1.5t ₁ ; the yield strength σ ₄ >200MPa of the solid wall stop plate (4) material, and the density ρ ₄ >2.0g/cm ³ . 9. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on thin-walled pipe expansion and energy absorption as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the array vent hole (5) is a circular through hole, and the diameter φ ₁ satisfies 0.02D ₄ <φ ₁ <0.2D ₄ , D ₄ is the diameter of the solid wall stop plate (4). 10. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on thin-walled pipe expansion and energy absorption as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the array vent holes (5) on the solid wall stop plate (4) are evenly distributed, and the number is 10-100, the total area of the holes reaches 20%-60% of the area of the solid wall stop plate (4). 11. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on thin-walled tube expansion and energy absorption as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that an array of vent holes (5) is provided on the package housing (1), and the array of vent holes (5) ) are evenly distributed along the circumferential and axial directions, the number distributed in the circumferential direction is 3-20, the number distributed in the axial direction is 5-50, and the total area of the holes reaches 10%-30% of the area of the entire packaging shell (1). 12. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes according to claim ₁ , characterized in that the outer diameter D5 of the sealing stop ring (7) satisfies D ₁ <D ₅ <1.2D ₁ , The inner diameter d ₂ satisfies 0.9D ₂ <d ₂ <D ₂ , the thickness t ₆ satisfies 0.1t ₁ <t ₆ <1.2t ₁ ; the yield strength σ ₅ >100MPa of the material of the sealing retaining ring (7), and the density ρ ₅ >1.0 g/cm ³ . 13. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on the expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tubes as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the right side of the driving rod (2) is processed with beveled chamfers (31), and the thin-walled tubes absorb energy The left end of component (3) is not processed with chamfering.