CN1158513C - 用于使天然气液化的设备 - Google Patents

用于使天然气液化的设备 Download PDF

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CN1158513C
CN1158513C CNB008165521A CN00816552A CN1158513C CN 1158513 C CN1158513 C CN 1158513C CN B008165521 A CNB008165521 A CN B008165521A CN 00816552 A CN00816552 A CN 00816552A CN 1158513 C CN1158513 C CN 1158513C
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refrigerant
pipeline
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邓肯・P・M・雷杰南
邓肯·P·M·雷杰南
B・伦巴尔克
戴维·B·伦巴尔克
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Abstract

用于使天然气液化的设备(1)，包括：主热交换器(10)，在该主热交换器中，天然气通过与蒸发的制冷剂进行间接热交换而被液化；以及制冷剂管路(20)，在该制冷剂管路中，蒸发的制冷剂受到压缩并且被液化以产生出用在主热交换器(10)中的液体制冷剂，其中所述制冷剂管路(20)包括由至少一个被电机(83a，83b)驱动的压缩机(65a-67b)组成的压缩机组(23a，23b)。

Description

用于使天然气液化的设备
本发明涉及一种用于使天然气液化的设备。
用于使天然气液化的设备包括：主热交换器，在其中，天然气通过与蒸发制冷剂进行间接热交换而被液化；以及制冷剂管路，其中蒸发的制冷剂受到压缩并被液化从而产生出用在主热交换器中的液态制冷剂。制冷剂管路包括由至少一个压缩机构成的压缩机组。所述至少一个压缩机由与压缩机的轴直接连接的燃气轮机驱动。在美国的专利说明书No.5689141中披露了这种设备。因为燃气轮机只有有限的操作窗口，所以燃气轮机是首选的并且该液化设备被设计成燃气轮机在其有限的操作窗口中操作。另外，燃气轮机和压缩机直接相互连接，从而它们形成单一装置。该单一设备占据着相当大的表面面积。
存在寻找减小这种液化设备的表面面积的方法的倾向。这不仅应用在岸上的设备，而且还应用在浮动液化设备上。
这种浮动液化设备还用在海底气田的开发中，其中气体在生产位置附近被液化。另外液化设备安装在用于液化天然气的浮动存储器的驳船上。另外该驳船还设有用来将液化天然气转移进油轮中的卸载系统，并且具有通过旋转接头连接在立管的上端上的充气系统，其中该立管的下端连接在产天然气井上。
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于液化天然气的设备，该设备比较灵活并且占据较小的表面面积，从而例如驳船就可以容纳该液化设备。
为此，根据本发明用于液化天然气的设备包括：主热交换器，在其中，通过与蒸发的制冷剂进行间接热交换来使天然气液化；以及制冷剂管路，在该管路中蒸发的制冷剂受到压缩并且被液化以产生出用在主热交换器中的液体制冷剂，其中所述制冷剂管路包括由至少一个被电机驱动的压缩机构成的压缩机组。
要理解的是，应该设有电站以提供驱动电机的电能。该电站将包括一台或多台燃气或蒸汽轮机，每一台驱动着一个发电机。采用根据本发明的液化设备，该燃气或蒸汽轮机可以放置在对于布置规划或安全性来说是最佳位置的任何地方。
现在将参照附图通过实施例对本发明进行说明，其中：
图1示意性地显示出本发明的第一实施方案；并且
图2示意性地显示出本发明的第二实施方案。
现在参照图1。用于使通过管道5提供的天然气液化的设备1包括有主热交换器10，它具有包围着其中布置有三个热交换管13、14和15的管际空间12的外壳11。在该主热交换器10中，天然气通过与在管际空间12中蒸发的制冷剂进行间接热交换而被液化。
该设备1还包括有制冷剂管路20。该制冷剂管路20包括有主热交换器10的管际空间12、管道22、平行布置的第一和第二压缩机组23a和23b、气液分离器25、预冷却热交换器27、主气液分离器28以及在主热交换器10中的第二和第三热交换管14和15。
在对压缩机组23a和23b进行更详细地说明之前，先对制冷剂管路20的剩余部分进行说明。预冷却热交换器27具有一个包围着其中布置有两个热交换管37和38的管际空间36的外壳35，这些热交换管属于制冷剂管路20。热交换管37的入口端通过管道39与用于气液分离器25的气体出口相连，并且热交换管38的人口端通过管道40与用于气液分离器25的液体出口相连。热交换管38的排放端通过设有膨胀装置44的管道43与布置在管际空间36中的喷嘴42相连。热交换管37的排放端通过管道46与主气液分离器28的入口相连。主气液分离器28的气体出口通过管道48与热交换管14的入口相连，并且液体出口通过管道50与在主热交换器10中的热交换管15相连。热交换管14的排放端通过设有膨胀装置54的管道53与布置在管际空间12中的喷嘴52相连，并且热交换管15的排放端通过设有膨胀装置60的管道59与布置在管际空间12中的喷嘴58相连。
现在将对平行的压缩机组进行更详细地说明。压缩机组23a和23b中的每一个由三个相互连接的压缩机组成，即低压压缩机65a、65b、中压压缩机66a、66b以及高压压缩机67a、67b。管道22通过管道22a和22b与低压压缩机65a和65b的入口相连。低压压缩机65a、65b的出口通过设有空气冷却器71的管道70a和70b与中压压缩机66a、66b相连。中压压缩机66a、66b的出口通过设有空气冷却器73的管道72a和72b与高压压缩机67a和67b相连。高压压缩机67a、67b通过设有空气冷却器75的管道74、74a和74b与气液分离器25的入口相连。
预冷却热交换器27的管际空间36通过管道80与中压压缩机66a、66b的入口相连。
每个压缩机组23a、23b的压缩机布置在仅由电机83a或83b驱动的相同的轴82a或82b上。电机83a和83b通过电缆管道84a和84b与发电机(未示出)相连。
在正常的操作期间，通过管道5提供的天然气通过布置在主热交换器10的管际空间12中的热交换管13，被液化的天然气从热交换管13的排放端排出。蒸发的制冷剂从管际空间12中排出，并且它穿过管道22、22a、22b通向平行的压缩机组23a和23b的低压压缩机65a、65b的入口，这样可以将基本上等量的制冷剂提供给压缩机组23a和23b。在压缩机65a、65b、66a、66b、67a、67b中，制冷剂逐步地从低压被压缩成高压，并且在其间由于压缩而产生出的热量在空气冷却器71和73中被除去。
制冷剂以高压提供给空气冷却器75，在空气冷却器中制冷剂被部分液化。制冷剂的部分液化流在气液分离器25中被分成气流和液流。
液流用来进行自动制冷作用和用来使气态制冷剂流部分液化。为此，液流以高压穿过热交换管38并且在膨胀装置44中膨胀。该液流以膨胀的形式穿过喷嘴42流进管际空间36。气流在热交换管37中部分被液化并且传到主气液分离器28。
在主气液分离器28中，该流体分成气流和液流，它们都用来进行自动制冷作用和用来使在主热交换器10中的天然气流液化。
为此，液流以高压通过热交换管15并且在膨胀装置60中膨胀。液流以膨胀的形式通过喷嘴58流进管际空间12中，在那里它能够在低压下蒸发。气流以高压通过热交换管14，在其中该气流部分液化，并且该部分液化的流体随后在膨胀装置54中膨胀并且通过喷嘴52流进管际空间12，在那里它能够在低压下蒸发。
在主热交换器10中，天然气流5在通过热交换管13的期间通过与穿过喷嘴52和58流进管际空间12中的膨胀流体进行间接热交换而被液化并且被低温冷却。
优选的是，天然气被预冷却，为此，它通过管道85提供给预冷却热交换器27中的热交换管86的入口端。热交换管86的出口端与管道5相连。
现在参照图2，该图示意性地显示出本发明的可选实施方案。与参照图1所述的部件类似的部件用相同的参考数字来表示。图2的设备2与图1所示的设备的不同之处在于，制冷剂管路20包括辅助的热交换器90和91。在辅助的热交换器90和91中，制冷剂通过与辅助制冷剂进行间接热交换而被部分液化。辅助热交换器90和91还形成部分辅助制冷剂管路100。辅助热交换器90和91代替了如图1中所示的空气冷却器75和预冷却热交换器27。另外，第一和第二压缩机组23a和23b中的每一个由单个压缩机65a和65b组成。
现在将对设备2的辅助制冷剂管路100进行说明。辅助制冷剂管路100包括辅助热交换器31的管际空间101、管道102、平行布置的第一和第二辅助压缩机组103a和103b、布置在辅助热交换器90中的热交换管104以及在辅助热交换器91中的热交换管106。
辅助压缩机组103a和103b由两级压缩机110a和110b组成，它们布置成接收通过管道102、102a、102b来自辅助热交换器91的管际空间101的以及通过管道105、105a、105b来自辅助热交换器90的管际空间112的两股蒸发辅助制冷剂流。压缩机110a和110b仅由辅助电机113a或113b驱动。辅助电机113a和113b通过电缆管道114a、114b与发电机(未示出)连接。
两级压缩机110a和110b的出口通过设置有空气冷却器117的管道116a、116b、116与辅助热交换器90的热交换管104的入口相连。热交换管104的排放端通过设有膨胀装置126的管道125与布置在管际空间112中的喷嘴120相连以在正常操作期间将部分辅助制冷剂提供给管际空间112。剩余的辅助制冷剂通过管道130，该管道与辅助热交换器91中的热交换管106的入口端相连。热交换管106的排放端通过设置有膨胀装置144的管道140与布置在管际空间101中的喷嘴135相连。
在正常操作期间，通过管道5提供的天然气穿过布置在主热交换器10的管际空间12中的热交换管13，液化的天然气从热交换管13的排放端排出。
蒸发的制冷剂从管际空间12中排出，并且它穿过管道22、22a、22b传到平行压缩机组23a和23b的入口，这样可以将基本上等量的制冷剂提供给压缩机组23a和23b。压缩产生的热量在空气冷却器71a和71b中被除去。制冷剂穿过管道74继续流向辅助热交换器90中的热交换管150，随后流向在辅助热交换器91中的热交换管155，并且在该流通期间制冷剂通过与蒸发的辅助制冷剂进行间接热交换而被部分液化。
部分液化的制冷剂从热交换管155的排放端出来穿过管道46流向主气液分离器28。在主气液分离器28中，它被分成气流和液流，它们都被用来进行自动制冷作用和用来使主热交换器10中的天然气流液化。
为此，液流以高压通过热交换管15并且在膨胀装置60中膨胀。液流以膨胀的形式通过喷嘴58流进管际空间12中。气流以高压通过热交换管14，在其中该气流被部分液化，并且该部分液化的流体随后在膨胀装置54中膨胀并且通过喷嘴52流进管际空间12。
如上所述，为了使制冷剂部分液化，以下面的方式使辅助制冷剂通过辅助制冷剂管路100。
蒸发的辅助制冷剂从辅助热交换器91的管际空间101中排出，并且通过管道102、102a、102b流向平行辅助压缩机110a和110b的入口，这样在正常操作期间可以将基本上等量的制冷剂提供给压缩机组110a和110b。在压缩机110a和110b中辅助制冷剂被压缩成高压。压缩产生出的热量通过空气冷却器117从压缩的辅助制冷剂中除去。
处于高压的辅助制冷剂通过辅助热交换器90中的热交换管104，并且部分冷却的辅助制冷剂穿过膨胀装置126流向管际空间112，在那里它能够在中间压力下蒸发。因此通过自动制冷作用来使辅助制冷剂冷却并且使通过热交换管150的制冷剂冷却。剩余的辅助制冷剂以高压形式提供给辅助热交换器91中的热交换管106。离开热交换管106的冷却的辅助制冷剂穿过膨胀装置144流向辅助热交换器91的管际空间101，在那里它能够在低压下蒸发。
处于中间压力下的辅助制冷剂通过管道105、105a和105b从辅助热交换器90的管际空间112排出到两级压缩机110a和110b的第二级的入口，而处于低压下的辅助制冷剂通过管道102、102a和102b从辅助热交换器91的管际空间101排出到两级压缩机110a和110b的第一级的入口。
优选的是，天然气被预冷却，为此，它通过管道158提供给辅助热交换器91中的热交换管160的入口端。热交换管160的出口端与管道5相连。
如参照附图所述的液化设备的工作条件和制冷剂的成分是公知的，并且在这里不再进行说明。
参照图2所述的设备的优点在于，可以选择提供给电机83a和83b以及电机113a和113b的电源以与制冷管路20和100中的冷却要求相配。
压缩机组的平行布置是优选的，因为在一个压缩机组发生故障或维护的情况下，另一个压缩机组可以继续工作，从而该设备可以继续使天然气液化。
压缩机组23a和23b的三个单独压缩机中的每一个可以由单个三级压缩机来代替。
要理解的是，空气冷却器可以由水冷却器代替。
提供给驱动电机83a、83b、113a和113b以及所要求的驱动器(蒸汽轮机或燃气轮机)电能的发电机可以布置在最合适的位置处。它们没有与压缩机布置在同一直线上，因此本发明提供了一种比较灵活并且只占据着相对较小的表面积的用于使天然气液化的设备，从而，例如驳船就可以容纳该液化设备。

Claims (5)

1.用于使天然气液化的设备，包括：主热交换器，在该主热交换器中，天然气通过与蒸发的制冷剂进行间接热交换而被液化；以及制冷剂管路，在该制冷剂管路中，蒸发的制冷剂受到压缩并且被液化以产生出用在所述主热交换器中的液态制冷剂，其中所述制冷剂管路包括由至少一个被电机驱动的压缩机组成的压缩机组。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述制冷剂管路包括两个平行的压缩机组，每个由至少一个被电机驱动的压缩机组成。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的设备，其中所述制冷剂管路包括用来通过自动制冷作用来使制冷剂至少部分液化的装置。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的设备，其中所述制冷剂管路包括用来通过与蒸发的辅助制冷剂进行间接热交换来使制冷剂部分液化的辅助热交换器；该设备还包括用来通过自动制冷作用来使辅助制冷剂液化的辅助制冷剂管路和装置，在其中，蒸发的辅助制冷剂受到压缩并且被液化以产生出用在所述辅助热交换器中的液态辅助制冷剂，其中辅助制冷剂管路包括由至少一个被电机驱动的压缩机组成的辅助压缩机组。
5.如权利要求4所述的设备，其中辅助制冷剂管路包括两个平行的压缩机组，每个由至少一个被电机驱动的压缩机组成。
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