CN115838895A - High hardenability metal card clothing steel wire and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
High hardenability metal card clothing steel wire and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-hardenability metal card clothing steel wire, which is provided with teeth, the high-hardenability metal card clothing steel wire comprises Fe and inevitable impurities, and the components also comprise the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: c: 0.70-1.00 wt.%, si: 0.10-0.50 wt.%, mn: 0.50-1.00 wt.%, cr: 0.20-0.80 wt.%; wherein the microstructure of the tooth tip of the high-hardenability metal card clothing steel wire is an cryptocrystal martensite + fine dispersion carbide structure, and the microstructure of the tooth root is spherical pearlite. In addition, the invention also discloses a manufacturing method of the high-hardenability metal card clothing steel wire. The high-hardenability metal card clothing steel wire has high hardness and hardenability, good wear resistance and long service life, can be effectively applied to the textile industry, and has good popularization prospect and application value.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a metal material and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a metal card clothing wire and a method for manufacturing the same.
Background
In a carding machine, metal card clothing is a very critical carding device and can be coated on a roller of the carding machine to comb fibers, and the performance of the metal card clothing can directly influence the carding quality of the fibers.
The metal card clothing material and the manufacturing process are greatly explored in China, the service life of the domestic card clothing is greatly prolonged, but the gap is large compared with the foreign advanced products, the main problems are reflected in the aspects of poor wear resistance of the card clothing tooth tips, easy abrasion and the like, the sharpness of the card clothing is rapidly declined, and the carding effect is poor.
At present, the improvement of the service life of metallic card clothing can be considered from three aspects: firstly, the design of the geometric shape of the card clothing rack is reasonable, so that the uneven abrasion of the working surface of the rack in the use process is prevented; secondly, the surface state of the rack is strengthened, burrs formed in the machining processes of punching tooth notches and the like are reduced, the surface roughness is reduced, and a high-hardness wear-resistant layer is coated on the surface; thirdly, optimizing the steel for the metal card clothing, obtaining reasonable cryptocrystalline martensite + spherical carbide structure through upgrading of steel grade, optimization of alloy components and regulation and control of heat treatment process, and improving the hardness and toughness of the steel wire, thereby improving the wear resistance of the card clothing.
Therefore, in order to prolong the service life of the domestic card clothing steel wire, a great number of improvement and optimization measures are carried out in the industry, and certain research results are obtained.
For example: chinese patent publication No. CN205974784U, published as 22.2.2017, entitled "a high-efficiency wear-resistant metal card clothing", discloses a high-efficiency wear-resistant metal card clothing. The utility model discloses a through the appearance that changes card clothing tooth bottom, tooth body and prong, provide a needle point wear-resisting, the surperficial level and smooth and easily shift, reduce the metal card clothing that the fibre fills the stopper, prolong the life of card clothing to do not consider the influence of the performance of metal card clothing material to life.
Another example is: chinese patent publication No. CN102296384a, published as 2011, 12 and 28, entitled "a metal card clothing production process", discloses a metal card clothing production process, which utilizes a phosphoric acid tank, a phosphating tank and a saponification tank to perform steel wire surface treatment, and performs spheroidizing annealing and the like through a well type vacuum annealing furnace, so that the flatness, sharpness, smoothness and wear resistance of the metal card clothing can be improved.
For another example: the Chinese patent document with the publication number of CN110983245A and the publication date of 2020, 4 and 10 discloses a method for preparing low-temperature deposition high-hardness low-friction coefficient coating card clothing, and discloses a method for preparing low-temperature deposition high-hardness low-friction coefficient coating card clothing.
It is not difficult to find that most of the current research work focuses on designing the geometric shape of the clothing rack, a few patents research the clothing surface coating technology, and there are few documents that upgrade and optimize the material of the metallic clothing because the metallic clothing has very strict requirements for the material.
Accordingly, in order to prolong the service life of the metallic card clothing, the inventors have desired a novel highly hardenability metallic card clothing wire from the viewpoint of improving the material of the metallic card clothing wire.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a high-hardenability metal card clothing steel wire, which can enable the microstructure of the tooth tip of the high-hardenability metal card clothing steel wire to be cryptocrystal martensite + fine dispersion carbide structure and the microstructure of the tooth root to be spherical pearlite by controlling the addition of key alloy elements and combining with a control optimization heat treatment process, thereby obviously improving the hardness and hardenability of steel and prolonging the service life of products.
The depth of a hardening layer of the high-hardenability metal card clothing steel wire is more than 5mm, the Rockwell hardness HRC is more than 60, the high-hardenability metal card clothing steel wire not only has higher hardness and hardenability, but also has good wear resistance and service life, can be effectively applied to the textile industry, and has good popularization prospect and application value.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a high hardenability metal card clothing wire having teeth, the high hardenability metal card clothing wire containing Fe and unavoidable impurities as components, and further containing the following chemical elements in mass percent:
C：0.70～1.00wt.％、Si：0.10～0.50wt.％、Mn：0.50～1.00wt.％、Cr：0.20～0.80wt.％；
wherein the microstructure of the tooth tip of the high-hardenability metal card clothing steel wire is an cryptocrystal martensite + fine dispersion carbide structure, and the microstructure of the tooth root is spherical pearlite.
Further, in the high hardenability metallic card clothing wire of the present invention, the mass percentage of each chemical element is as follows:
c: 0.70-1.00 wt.%, si: 0.10-0.50 wt.%, mn: 0.50-1.00 wt.%, cr: 0.20-0.80 wt.%; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
In the high hardenability metallic card clothing wire of the present invention, the design principle of each chemical element is as follows:
c: in the high hardenability metallic card clothing wire of the present invention, the C element not only can play a solid solution strengthening role in the steel, but also can form various carbides. When the content of the C element in the steel is too low, the hardness and the wear resistance of the material are difficult to ensure; when the content of C element in steel is too high, it will adversely affect the toughness of steel, and segregation is difficult to control, increasing the difficulty of smelting and rolling, and easily generating abnormal structures such as net-like carbides. Based on this, in the high hardenability metallic card wiring steel wire of the present invention, the mass percentage content of the element C is controlled to be between 0.70 and 1.00wt.% in consideration of the hardness and abrasion resistance of the material.
Si: in the high hardenability metallic card clothing wire of the present invention, si is a non-carbide forming element, which has a strong solid solution strengthening effect in steel, and can effectively increase the hardness of steel. However, it should be noted that the content of Si element in steel should not be too high, and when the content of Si element in steel is too high, the drawing deformation is adversely affected. Based on the above, in the high hardenability metallic card clothing steel wire of the present invention, the mass percentage content of the Si element is controlled between 0.10 and 0.50 wt.%.
Mn: in the high-hardenability metal card clothing steel wire, mn is one of key alloy elements, and the addition of a proper amount of Mn element in the steel can improve the hardenability of steel, improve the stability of austenite, delay pearlite transformation and improve the impact toughness of the steel. Based on the above, in the high hardenability metallic card clothing steel wire of the invention, the mass percentage content of Mn element is controlled between 0.50-1.00 wt.%.
Cr: in the high hardenability metallic card wire of the present invention, cr element can improve hardenability, hardenability and tempering stability of steel. In addition, cr is a carbide-forming element, which may form carbide with C in steel or may be dissolved in ferrite to perform a strengthening action. Based on this, the mass percentage content of the Cr element in the high hardenability metal card clothing steel wire is controlled between 0.20 and 0.80wt.% by comprehensively considering the strengthening effect and the production cost of the Cr element.
Further, in the high hardenability metallic card wiring steel wire of the present invention, it further contains at least one of the following chemical elements:
0＜V≤0.30wt.％；
0＜Nb≤0.10wt.％。
in the above technical solution of the present invention, in order to obtain a better implementation effect, the metal card clothing wire with high hardenability of the present invention may further select and add a proper amount of V element and/or Nb element.
V, nb: in the high hardenability metallic card clothing steel wire, V and Nb elements can be added in steel as micro alloy elements, and both are strong carbonitride forming elements which mainly play a role in refining grains, thereby not only effectively improving the hardness of the steel, but also improving the toughness of the steel. However, it should be noted that V, nb element should not be added too much, and adding excessive V, nb element would increase the production cost. Based on the above, in the high hardenability metal card clothing steel wire, a proper amount of V element and/or Nb element can be further selected and added, the mass percentage content of the V element is controlled to be more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.30wt.%, and the mass percentage content of the Nb element is controlled to be more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.10wt.%.
Further, in the high hardenability metal card wiring steel wire of the present invention, among other inevitable impurities: p ≦ 0.015wt.%, and/or S ≦ 0.015wt.%.
In the above technical solution of the present invention, the P element and the S element are impurity elements in the high hardenability metal card clothing wire of the present invention, and the content of the impurity elements in the high hardenability metal card clothing wire should be reduced as much as possible in order to obtain a steel material with better performance and better quality, as the technical conditions allow.
It should be noted that, both impurity elements P and S are easy to generate segregation at grain boundaries, reduce the toughness of steel, and have a large influence on the cold workability of steel, so the content of P, S element in steel must be strictly controlled, P is controlled to be not more than 0.015wt.%, and S is controlled to be not more than 0.015wt.%.
Further, in the high hardenability metallic card wiring steel wire of the present invention, the depth of the hardened layer is more than 5mm, and the Rockwell hardness of the tip is more than 60HRC.
Accordingly, another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a high hardenability metallic clothing wire, which is simple and convenient to operate, and the high hardenability metallic clothing wire obtained by the method has high hardness and hardenability, good wear resistance and long service life, the depth of the hardened layer is more than 5mm, and the Rockwell hardness HRC is more than 60, and the wire can be effectively applied to the textile industry, and has good popularization prospect and application value.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned high hardenability metallic card wiring steel wire, comprising the steps of:
(1) Smelting, casting and rolling to obtain a wire rod, and adjusting the cooling rate of the wire rod by adopting a stelmor air cooling line so that the sorbite structure of the wire rod is more than 85 percent and the wire rod does not have a martensite structure;
(2) Carrying out acid washing, phosphorus saponification, rough drawing and spheroidizing annealing heat treatment on the rolled wire rod so as to obtain a spherical pearlite structure which is dispersed and distributed after spheroidizing annealing, wherein the microhardness of the spherical pearlite structure is lower than 250HV;
(3) After spheroidizing annealing, the wire rod is subjected to acid washing, water washing and phosphorization, then enters a wire drawing machine for fine drawing to be in a target specification, and then is subjected to flattening and tooth punching;
(4) Quenching the tooth tip: the quenching heating temperature is not lower than 800 ℃, and the quenching cooling mode adopts oil cooling or air cooling.
In the above technical solution of the present invention, in the step (2), the wire rod obtained by rough drawing may be subjected to subsequent spheroidizing annealing to obtain a spherical pearlite structure with a dispersed distribution and a grain size of 0.1 to 3 μm, and the microhardness of the spherical pearlite structure is lower than 250HV, so as to facilitate subsequent flattening and tooth punching and reduce die loss.
Correspondingly, in the step (4), the tooth tip needs to be quenched, and the local quenching process of the tooth tip needs to select a proper heating temperature and a proper cooling mode according to the appearance of the processed card clothing so as to obtain a metallurgical structure in gradient distribution: the tooth tip is an aphanitic martensite + fine dispersed carbide structure, and the tooth root is a spherical pearlite structure.
Further, in the manufacturing method of the invention, in the step (1), the tensile strength Rm of the wire rod is less than or equal to 1400MPa, and the reduction of area Z is more than or equal to 25%.
In the technical scheme, in the step (1), the diameter phi of the rolled wire rod can be controlled to be between 5.5 and 10 mm.
Further, in the manufacturing method of the present invention, in the step (2), the deformation amount per one pass of the rough drawing is 15 to 20%, the total deformation amount is not more than 90%, and the drawing speed is not more than 10m/s.
Further, in the manufacturing method of the present invention, in the step (2), the spheroidizing annealing process is: heating to 780-840 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 4-6 h, cooling to 700-750 ℃ at the speed of 20-50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4-6 h, cooling to below 600 ℃ at the speed of 20-50 ℃/h, and discharging.
Further, in the production method according to the present invention, the spherical pearlite structure obtained in step (2) has a particle size of 0.1 to 3 μm.
Further, the manufacturing method of the invention also comprises the step (5) of tempering, wherein the tempering temperature is lower than 300 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the high-hardenability metal card clothing steel wire and the manufacturing method thereof have the advantages and beneficial effects as follows:
the invention is different from the prior art, the inventor obtains a novel high-hardenability metal card clothing steel wire from the angle of improving the metal card clothing steel wire material, the invention can make the tooth tip microstructure of the high-hardenability metal card clothing steel wire be cryptocrystal martensite + fine dispersion carbide microstructure and the tooth root microstructure be spherical pearlite by controlling the addition of key alloy elements and combining with the heat treatment process of control optimization, thereby obviously improving the hardness and hardenability of the steel material.
The depth of the hardening layer of the high-hardenability metal card clothing steel wire is more than 5mm, the Rockwell hardness HRC is more than 60, the high-hardenability metal card clothing steel wire not only has higher hardness and hardenability, but also has good wear resistance and service life, can be effectively applied to the textile industry, and has very good popularization prospect and application value.
Detailed Description
The high hardenability metallic card wire and the method for manufacturing the same according to the present invention will be further explained and illustrated with reference to the following specific examples, which, however, should not be construed as unduly limiting the technical solution of the invention.
Examples 1 to 8
The high hardenability metallic card wire of the embodiments 1 to 8 of the present invention is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Smelting, casting and rolling are carried out according to chemical components shown in the table 1 to obtain a wire rod with the diameter phi of 6mm, the cooling rate of the wire rod is adjusted by adopting a stelmor air cooling line, and the cooling rate of the wire rod is adjusted by a fan and a heat-insulating cover, so that the sorbite structure of the wire rod is more than 85 percent, and the wire rod does not have a martensite structure.
(2) And carrying out acid washing, phosphorus saponification, rough drawing and spheroidizing annealing heat treatment on the rolled wire rod through a wire drawing production line. Wherein, the deformation of each pass of the rough drawing is controlled to be 15-20%, the total deformation is not more than 90%, and the drawing speed is not more than 10m/s; the spheroidizing annealing process is controlled as follows: heating to 780-840 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 4-6 h, cooling to 700-750 ℃ at the speed of 20-50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4-6 h, cooling to below 600 ℃ at the speed of 20-50 ℃/h, and discharging.
(3) And (3) pickling, washing and phosphorizing the spheroidizing annealed wire rod, then finely drawing the wire rod into a target specification in a drawing machine, and then flattening and punching teeth.
(4) Quenching the tooth tip: the wire adopts a tooth tip local quenching mode, the quenching heating temperature is not lower than 800 ℃, and the quenching cooling mode adopts oil cooling or air cooling.
(5) Tempering: controlling the tempering temperature to be lower than 300 ℃.
It should be noted that, in the present invention, the chemical composition design and related processes of the high hardenability metallic card wire of examples 1 to 8 satisfy the design specification requirements of the present invention. Of course, in some other embodiments, depending on the specific application, it is also possible to choose not to carry out the tempering operation of step (5) above, which also makes it possible to obtain a metallic card wire with high hardenability.
Table 1 shows the mass percentages of the chemical elements of the high hardenability metallic card clothing wires of examples 1 to 8.
TABLE 1 (wt%, balance Fe and unavoidable impurities other than P, S)
Tables 2-1 and 2-2 show the specific process parameters of the high hardenability metallic card wire of examples 1-8 in the above process steps.
Table 2-1.
Table 2-2.
In the process of the above process steps, after the process step (1) is completed, the microstructures of the wire rods corresponding to examples 1 to 8 can be observed, and the wire rods corresponding to examples 1 to 8 are observed to have no martensite structure but have sorbite structures, and the sorbite structure ratios of the microstructures obtained by observation are listed in the following table 3.
Accordingly, after the observation of the microstructure of the wire rod corresponding to the embodiments 1 to 8 is completed, the wire rods of the embodiments 1 to 8 obtained after the completion of the process step (1) can be further sampled, and the wire rods of the embodiments can be subjected to the conventional mechanical property test, and the mechanical property test results are shown in the following table 3.
The relevant mechanical property detection means are as follows:
and (3) tensile test: controlling the test temperature to be 25 ℃ and the test humidity to be 60%, and detecting according to GB/T228.1-2010 metal material tensile test part 1: room temperature tensile test method to obtain tensile strength Rm and reduction of area Z for the wire rod of each example.
Table 3 shows the sorbite structure ratios as well as the tensile strength Rm and the reduction of area Z of the wire rods of examples 1 to 8.
Table 3.
As can be seen from the above Table 3, the wire rods of examples 1 to 8 had tensile strengths Rm of 1400MPa or less, reductions in area Z of 25% or more, and the percentage of sorbite structure in the microstructure was not less than 85%.
In the production of examples 1 to 8, the microstructure of the rough drawn wire rods of examples 1 to 8 after the completion of the above-mentioned production method step (2) was observed, and it was found that the rough drawn wire rods of examples 1 to 8 after the completion of the spheroidizing annealing heat treatment could obtain a dispersed spherical pearlite structure, and the grain size of the spherical pearlite structure in the microstructure of examples 1 to 8 was analyzed and calculated to be listed in the following table 4.
Accordingly, after the above observation of the microstructure of the roughly drawn wire rods of examples 1 to 8 was completed, the roughly drawn wire rods of each example were further sampled, and the microhardness of the globular pearlite structure in the samples of each example was measured, and the results of the measurement are shown in table 4 below.
And (3) microhardness detection: the test temperature is controlled to be 25 ℃, the test humidity is controlled to be 60%, and the detection is carried out according to part 1 of a Vickers hardness test of GB/T4340.1-2009 metal materials: test method to obtain the micro-hardness of the globular pearlite structure of the rough drawn wire rods of examples 1 to 8.
Table 4 lists the grain size and microhardness of the spheroidal pearlite structures in the rough drawn wires of examples 1-8.
Table 4.
As can be seen from Table 4, in examples 1-8, in step (2), after spheroidizing annealing, the wire rod obtained by rough drawing can obtain a spherical pearlite structure with a dispersed distribution and a grain size of 0.1-3 μm, and the microhardness of the spherical pearlite structure is lower than 250HV and between 165-250HV, so that subsequent flattening and tooth punching are facilitated, and the die loss is reduced.
Accordingly, in the process of manufacturing examples 1 to 8, the high hardenability metal card wire of examples 1 to 8 obtained after the tooth tip partial quenching treatment of the step (4) of the manufacturing method was observed and analyzed to obtain the depth of the hardened layer corresponding to the high hardenability metal card wire of examples 1 to 8.
Further, it was also necessary to observe the microstructure of the teeth in the high hardenability metallic card wiring steel wires of examples 1 to 8 to obtain the microstructure of the tooth tip and tooth root of the high hardenability metallic card wiring steel wires of each example, and the results of the observation are shown in the following Table 5.
Table 5.
It should be noted that, in the step (4) of the present invention, the local quenching process of the tooth tip needs to select a proper heating temperature and cooling mode according to the shape of the processed card clothing, and the embodiments 1 to 8 all adopt optimized process parameters, so that the metallographic structure in a gradient distribution can be obtained. As can be seen from table 5 above, this metallographic structure is: the tooth tip is an aphanitic martensite and fine dispersed carbide structure, and the tooth root is a spherical pearlite structure.
In conclusion, the invention designs the high-hardenability metal card clothing steel wire by adopting the means of scientifically and reasonably adding alloy elements, regulating and controlling cryptocrystalline martensite structure and fine carbides through heat treatment and the like.
The depth of a hardening layer of the high-hardenability metal card clothing steel wire is more than 5mm, the Rockwell hardness HRC of a tooth tip is more than 60, the high-hardenability metal card clothing steel wire not only has higher hardness and hardenability, but also has good wear resistance and service life, can be effectively applied to the textile industry, and has good popularization prospect and application value.
It should be noted that the combination of the features in the present application is not limited to the combination described in the claims of the present application or the combination described in the specific examples, and all the features described in the present application may be freely combined or combined in any manner unless contradicted by each other.
It should also be noted that the above-listed embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention. It is apparent that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and similar changes or modifications can be easily made by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention and shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A high hardenability metallic card wire having teeth, the composition of which contains Fe and unavoidable impurities, characterized in that it further contains the following chemical elements in mass percent:
C：0.70～1.00wt.％、Si：0.10～0.50wt.％、Mn：0.50～1.00wt.％、Cr：0.20～0.80wt.％；
wherein the microstructure of the tooth tip of the high-hardenability metal card clothing steel wire is an cryptocrystal martensite + fine dispersion carbide structure, and the microstructure of the tooth root is spherical pearlite.
2. The highly hardenability metallic card wire of claim 1, wherein the chemical elements are in mass percent:
c: 0.70-1.00 wt.%, si: 0.10-0.50 wt.%, mn: 0.50-1.00 wt.%, cr: 0.20-0.80 wt.%; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
3. The highly hardenability metallic card wire as claimed in claim 1 or 2, further comprising at least one of the following chemical elements:
0＜V≤0.30wt.％；
0＜Nb≤0.10wt.％。
4. the highly hardenability metallic card wire as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that among other unavoidable impurities: p ≦ 0.015wt.%, and/or S ≦ 0.015wt.%.
5. A highly hardenable metallic card wire according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that it has a depth of hardening layer of more than 5mm and a tooth tip with a Rockwell hardness of > 60HRC.
6. A method for manufacturing a high hardenability metallic card wire as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
(1) Smelting, casting and rolling to obtain a wire rod, and adjusting the cooling rate of the wire rod by adopting a stelmor air cooling line so that the sorbite structure of the wire rod is more than 85 percent and the wire rod does not have a martensite structure;
(2) Carrying out acid washing, phosphorus saponification, rough drawing and spheroidizing annealing heat treatment on the rolled wire rod so as to obtain a spherical pearlite structure which is dispersed and distributed after spheroidizing annealing, wherein the microhardness of the spherical pearlite structure is lower than 250HV;
(3) After spheroidizing annealing, the wire rod is subjected to acid washing, water washing and phosphorization, then enters a wire drawing machine for fine drawing to be in a target specification, and then is subjected to flattening and tooth punching;
(4) Quenching the tooth tip: the quenching heating temperature is not lower than 800 ℃, and the quenching cooling mode adopts oil cooling or air cooling.
7. The manufacturing method according to claim 6, wherein in the step (1), the tensile strength Rm of the wire rod is 1400MPa or less, and the reduction of area Z is 25% or more.
8. The manufacturing method according to claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the deformation amount of each pass of the rough drawing is 15 to 20%, the total deformation amount is not more than 90%, and the drawing speed is not more than 10m/s.
9. The manufacturing method according to claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the spheroidizing annealing process is: heating to 780-840 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 4-6 h, cooling to 700-750 ℃ at the speed of 20-50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4-6 h, cooling to below 600 ℃ at the speed of 20-50 ℃/h, and discharging.
10. The production method according to claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the obtained spherical pearlite structure has a grain size of 0.1 to 3 μm.
11. The method of claim 6, further comprising the step of (5) tempering at a temperature less than 300 ℃.
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