CN115833579A - Chopper and magnetic suspension train - Google Patents
Chopper and magnetic suspension train Download PDFInfo
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- CN115833579A CN115833579A CN202310086364.5A CN202310086364A CN115833579A CN 115833579 A CN115833579 A CN 115833579A CN 202310086364 A CN202310086364 A CN 202310086364A CN 115833579 A CN115833579 A CN 115833579A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a chopper and a magnetic suspension train, which are applied to the field of magnetic suspension and comprise a power device, a bus capacitor and a Miller capacitor; the control ends of the power devices are connected with the controller, and the controller is used for respectively controlling the on and off of the power devices so as to realize the conversion of the voltage of the power supply and supply power to the suspension electromagnet; the first end of the power device is connected with the first end of the Miller capacitor, the second end of the Miller capacitor is connected with the first controllable switch, the second end of the first controllable switch is connected with the control end of the power device, the control end of the first controllable switch is connected with the first end of the power device, and the first controllable switch is used for being closed at the moment when the power device is switched on and off. In the normal working process of the power device, the Miller capacitor can eliminate peak overvoltage at the moment of switching on and off of the power device, damage to the power device and the suspension electromagnet is avoided, and the Miller capacitor is only switched in a circuit at the moment of switching on and off of the power device, so that loss is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of magnetic suspension, in particular to a chopper and a magnetic suspension train.
Background
The chopper of the high-speed maglev train is used for adjusting the voltage output by the power supply under the control of the controller and supplying power to the suspension electromagnet. Specifically, the chopper dynamically adjusts the current of the suspension electromagnet by adjusting the duty ratio of a switching signal of an internal power device, so that the stable suspension of the magnetic-levitation train is realized. The current adopted control mode causes the phenomenon of peak overvoltage of the suspension electromagnet in the switching transient state of the power device. The huge peak overvoltage can not only produce strong impact on the power device and the suspension electromagnet to cause the overheating of the power device and the suspension electromagnet and shorten the service life of the power device and the suspension electromagnet, but also can cause the instability of a suspension control system, the suspension electromagnet collides with a track, and the running safety of a high-speed maglev train is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a chopper and a magnetic suspension train, which can eliminate peak overvoltage at the moment of switching on and off a power device, avoid damage to the power device and a suspension electromagnet, and only switch in a circuit at the moment of switching on and off the power device to reduce loss.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a chopper, which comprises a power device, a bus capacitor, a miller capacitor and a first controllable switch;
the positive electrode of the power supply is respectively connected with the first end of the bus capacitor, the first end of the first power device and the first end of the third power device, the negative electrode of the power supply is respectively connected with the second end of the bus capacitor, the second end of the second power device and the second end of the fourth power device, the second end of the first power device is connected with the first end of the second power device, the connected public end of the second power device is connected with the first end of the floating electromagnet, and the second end of the third power device is connected with the first end of the fourth power device, the connected public end of the third power device is connected with the second end of the floating electromagnet;
the control ends of the power devices are connected with a controller, and the controller is used for controlling the on and off of the power devices so as to realize the conversion of the voltage of the power supply;
the first end of the power device is connected with the first end of the miller capacitor, the second end of the miller capacitor is connected with the first controllable switch, the second end of the first controllable switch is connected with the control end of the power device, the control end of the first controllable switch is connected with the first end of the power device, and the first controllable switch is used for being closed at the moment when the power device is switched on and off.
Preferably, the controller is specifically configured to output a first PWM signal to a first one of the power devices and a fourth one of the power devices, and output a second PWM signal to a second one of the power devices and a third one of the power devices, where the first PWM signal is complementary to the second PWM signal.
Preferably, the system also comprises an acquisition module and a signal processing module;
the input end of the acquisition module is connected with the first end of the power device, the output end of the acquisition module is connected with the input end of the signal processing module, and the output end of the signal processing module is connected with the control end of the first controllable switch;
the acquisition module is used for detecting the voltage change rate of the first end of the power device and converting the voltage change rate into a voltage signal to be output;
the signal processing module is used for converting the voltage signal into a control signal so that the first controllable switch is turned on at the moment when the power device is turned on or turned off.
Preferably, the acquisition module comprises a first resistor and a first capacitor;
the first end of the first capacitor is used as the input end of the acquisition module, the second end of the first capacitor is connected with the first end of the first resistor, the connected common end of the first capacitor and the first end of the first resistor is used as the output end of the acquisition module, and the second end of the first resistor is grounded;
the first resistor and the first capacitor are used for collecting the voltage change rate of the first end of the power device, and the voltage change rate at the moment of switching on and off of the power device is larger than the voltage change rate of the power device when the power device is in stable switching on or stable switching off.
Preferably, the signal processing module comprises an amplifying module and a rectifying module;
the input end of the amplifying module is used as the input end of the signal processing module, the output end of the amplifying module is connected with the input end of the rectifying module, and the output end of the rectifying module is used as the output end of the signal processing module;
the amplifying module is used for amplifying the voltage signal output by the collecting module, and the rectifying module is used for converting the voltage signal output by the amplifying module into a control signal.
Preferably, the amplifying module comprises a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor and an operational amplifier, and the rectifying module comprises a rectifying bridge and a fifth resistor;
the first end of the second resistor is used as the input end of the amplification module, the second end of the second resistor is respectively connected with the first end of the third resistor and the inverting input end of the operational amplifier, the second end of the third resistor is respectively connected with the output end of the operational amplifier and the first end of the rectifier bridge, the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier is connected with the first end of the fourth resistor, the second end of the fourth resistor is connected with the third end of the rectifier bridge and the public end connected with the rectifier bridge is grounded, the second end of the rectifier bridge is connected with the first end of the fifth resistor, the second end of the fifth resistor is connected with the fourth end of the rectifier bridge, and the public end connected with the fourth end of the rectifier bridge is used as the output end of the signal processing module.
Preferably, the device further comprises a pushing module;
the input end of the pushing module is connected with the output end of the amplifying module, the output end of the pushing module is connected with the control end of the first controllable switch, and the pushing module is used for assisting the first controllable switch to be switched on.
Preferably, the power device comprises an IGBT and a soft start capacitor;
the control end of the IGBT is used as the control end of the power device, a public end of the first end of the IGBT, which is connected with the first end of the soft start capacitor, is used as the first end of the power device, a public end of the second end of the IGBT, which is connected with the second end of the soft start capacitor, is used as the second end of the power device, the IGBT is used for being switched on or switched off according to a control signal sent by the controller, and the soft start capacitor is used for assisting the soft start of the IGBT.
Preferably, the system further comprises an auxiliary module;
the first end of the auxiliary module is connected with the first end of the third power device, and the second end of the auxiliary module is connected with the second end of the fourth power device;
the auxiliary module is used for assisting the conduction of the third power device and the fourth power device.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention also provides a magnetic suspension train, which comprises the chopper, a magnetic suspension train body, a sensor, a controller and a suspension electromagnet;
the sensor is connected with the controller and used for acquiring the running data of the train and sending the running data to the controller;
the controller is connected with the magnetic suspension train body and used for sending the driving data acquired by the sensor to the magnetic suspension train and controlling the chopper to convert the voltage output by the power supply according to the magnetic suspension train so as to supply power to the suspension electromagnet;
and the chopper is respectively connected with the controller and the suspension electromagnet.
The application provides a chopper and a maglev train, which are applied to the field of maglev and comprise a power device, a bus capacitor and a Miller capacitor; the control ends of the power devices are connected with the controller, and the controller is used for respectively controlling the on and off of the power devices so as to realize the conversion of the voltage of the power supply and supply power to the suspension electromagnet; the first end of the power device is connected with the first end of the Miller capacitor, the second end of the Miller capacitor is connected with the first controllable switch, the second end of the first controllable switch is connected with the control end of the power device, the control end of the first controllable switch is connected with the first end of the power device, and the first controllable switch is used for being closed at the moment when the power device is switched on and off. In the normal working process of the power device, the Miller capacitor can eliminate peak overvoltage at the moment of switching on and off of the power device, damage to the power device and the suspension electromagnet is avoided, and the Miller capacitor is only switched in a circuit at the moment of switching on and off of the power device, so that loss is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed in the prior art and the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a chopper provided in the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a power device provided in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another chopper structure provided in the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic levitation train provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the voltage of the floating electromagnet and the voltage and current of VT1 when the power device is turned on in the prior art;
FIG. 6 shows the voltage of the floating electromagnet and the voltage and current of VT1 when the power device is turned off in the prior art;
FIG. 7 shows the voltage of the floating electromagnet, the voltage of VT4 and the voltage and current of VT1 when the power device is turned on;
fig. 8 shows the voltage of the floating electromagnet, the voltage of VT4, and the voltage and current of VT1 when the power device is turned off.
Detailed Description
The core of the invention is to provide a chopper and a magnetic suspension train, peak overvoltage is eliminated at the moment of switching on and off of a power device, damage to the power device and a suspension electromagnet is avoided, and a circuit is switched in only at the moment of switching on and off of the power device, so that loss is reduced.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The chopper of the high-speed maglev train is used for adjusting the voltage output by the power supply under the control of the controller and supplying power to the suspension electromagnet. Specifically, the chopper dynamically adjusts the current of the suspension electromagnet by adjusting the duty ratio of a switching signal of an internal power device, so that the stable suspension of the magnetic-levitation train is realized. The current adopted control mode causes the phenomenon of peak overvoltage of the suspension electromagnet in the switching transient state of the power device. The huge peak overvoltage can not only produce strong impact on the power device and the suspension electromagnet to cause the overheating of the power device and the suspension electromagnet and shorten the service life of the power device and the suspension electromagnet, but also can cause the instability of a suspension control system, the suspension electromagnet collides with a track, and the running safety of a high-speed maglev train is seriously influenced.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a chopper provided in the present invention, in which the chopper 6 includes a power device, a bus capacitor Cs, a miller capacitor Cgs, and a first controllable switch Q1;
power supply U DC Respectively with the first terminal of the bus capacitor Cs, the first terminal of the first power device VT1 andthe first end of a third power device VT3 is connected, the negative electrode of a power supply is respectively connected with the second end of a bus capacitor Cs, the second end of a second power device VT2 and the second end of a fourth power device VT4, the second end of the first power device VT1 is connected with the first end of the second power device VT2, the connected common end is connected with the first end of the suspension electromagnet 1, the second end of the third power device VT3 is connected with the first end of the fourth power device VT4, and the connected common end is connected with the second end of the suspension electromagnet 1;
the control ends of the power devices are all connected with the controller 9, and the controller 9 is used for controlling the on and off of the power devices so as to realize the conversion of the voltage of the power supply;
the first end of the power device is connected with the first end of the miller capacitor Cgs, the second end of the miller capacitor Cgs is connected with the first controllable switch Q1, the second end of the first controllable switch Q1 is connected with the control end of the power device, the control end of the first controllable switch Q1 is connected with the first end of the power device, and the first controllable switch Q1 is used for being closed at the moment when the power device is switched on and switched off.
A miller capacitor Cgs is arranged between the control end and the first end of the power device, and can well eliminate a peak capacitor, but the miller capacitor Cgs is always connected between the control end and the first end of the power device to consume more energy, so that a first controllable switch Q1 is arranged, and the first controllable switch Q1 is closed at the moment of switching on and switching off the power device; when the power device is in a stable on or off state, the first controllable switch Q1 is in an off state, and at the moment, the miller capacitance Cgs is not connected into the circuit, so that energy loss is reduced.
The controller 9 controls the power device to be turned on and off to convert the voltage of the power supply, and specifically, controls the power device to be turned on and off to form a buck circuit or a boost circuit, so as to convert the voltage of the power supply.
The controller 9 controls the voltage for supplying power to the suspension electromagnet 1 by controlling the on and off of the power device, thereby controlling the train.
The application provides a chopper 6, which is applied to the field of magnetic suspension and comprises a power device, a bus capacitor Cs and a Miller capacitor Cgs; the control ends of the power devices are connected with the controller 9, and the controller 9 is used for respectively controlling the on and off of the power devices so as to realize the voltage conversion of a power supply and supply power to the suspension electromagnet 1; the first end of the power device is connected with the first end of the miller capacitor Cgs, the second end of the miller capacitor Cgs is connected with the first controllable switch Q1, the second end of the first controllable switch Q1 is connected with the control end of the power device, the control end of the first controllable switch Q1 is connected with the first end of the power device, and the first controllable switch Q1 is used for being closed at the moment when the power device is switched on and switched off. In the normal working process of the power device, the miller capacitance Cgs can eliminate the peak overvoltage at the moment when the power device is switched on and off, so that the power device and the suspension electromagnet 1 are prevented from being damaged, and the circuit is switched in only at the moment when the power device is switched on and off, so that the loss is reduced.
On the basis of the above-described embodiment:
as a preferred embodiment, the controller 9 is specifically configured to output a first PWM (Pulse width modulation) signal to the first power device VT1 and the fourth power device VT4, and output a second PWM signal to the second power device VT2 and the third power device VT3, where the first PWM signal and the second PWM signal are complementary.
The first power device VT1 and the fourth power device VT4 form a current loop, and the second power device VT2 and the third power device VT3 form a current loop. Two power devices in the same current loop are simultaneously switched on and off; two power devices in different current loops are complementarily switched on and off.
Specifically, when the first power device VT1 and the fourth power device VT4 are turned on, the second power device VT2 and the third power device VT3 are turned off; when the first power device VT1 and the fourth power device VT4 are turned off, the second power device VT2 and the third power device VT3 are turned on. When the first PWM signal is at a high level, the second PWM signal is at a low level.
As a preferred embodiment, the system further comprises an acquisition module 2 and a signal processing module 3;
the input end of the acquisition module 2 is connected with the first end of the power device, the output end of the acquisition module 2 is connected with the input end of the signal processing module 3, and the output end of the signal processing module 3 is connected with the control end of the first controllable switch Q1;
the acquisition module 2 is used for detecting the voltage change rate of the first end of the power device and converting the voltage change rate into a voltage signal to be output;
the signal processing module 3 is configured to convert the voltage signal into a control signal, so that the first controllable switch Q1 is turned on at the instant when the power device is turned on or off.
In order to more accurately control the first controllable switch Q1 to be switched on at the moment of switching on and off of the power device and control the first controllable switch Q1 to be switched off when the power device is stably switched on or stably switched off, the acquisition module 2 and the signal processing module 3 are arranged. The voltage at the instant the power device is turned on and off is greater than the steady state voltage. The acquisition module 2 can be used for acquiring the instantaneous voltage of the on and off states more accurately, and the signal processing module 3 can convert the voltage signal into a control signal for the first controllable switch Q1.
The time of the Miller capacitor Cgs accessing the circuit can be controlled more accurately through the acquisition module 2 and the signal processing module 3, and the energy loss can be reduced.
As a preferred embodiment, the acquisition module 2 includes a first resistor R1 and a first capacitor C1;
a first end of the first capacitor C1 is used as an input end of the acquisition module 2, a second end of the first capacitor C1 is connected with a first end of the first resistor R1, a public end of the first capacitor C1 is used as an output end of the acquisition module 2, and a second end of the first resistor R1 is grounded;
the first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C1 are used for collecting the voltage change rate of the first end of the power device, and the voltage change rate of the power device at the moment of switching on and switching off is larger than that of the power device when the power device is in stable switching on or stable switching off.
Voltage output by the collection module 2
Wherein
Is the current flowing through the first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C1,
is the voltage at the first terminal of the power device,
the rate of change of the voltage at the first terminal of the power device is larger at the instant of turning on and off. The change rate of the voltage of the first end of the power device can be acquired through the first resistor R1 and the first resistor R1, and the first controllable switch Q1 can be controlled more accurately.
As a preferred embodiment, the signal processing module 3 includes an amplifying module and a rectifying module;
the input end of the amplifying module is used as the input end of the signal processing module 3, the output end of the amplifying module and the input end of the rectifying module, and the output end of the rectifying module is used as the output end of the signal processing module 3;
the amplifying module is used for amplifying the voltage signal output by the collecting module 2, and the rectifying module is used for converting the voltage signal output by the amplifying module into a control signal.
Considering that the voltage signal collected by the collecting module 2 is small and is inconvenient for subsequent control, the amplifying module is arranged to amplify the voltage signal. Meanwhile, the voltages output by the amplifying module at the moment of switching on and switching off of the power device are in different directions, namely positive and negative, so that the rectifying module is arranged to rectify a voltage signal and convert the voltage signal into a control signal.
As a preferred embodiment, the amplifying module includes a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4 and an operational amplifier U1, and the rectifying module includes a rectifier bridge U2 and a fifth resistor R5;
the first end of the second resistor R2 is used as the input end of the amplifying module, the second end of the second resistor R2 is respectively connected with the first end of the third resistor R3 and the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1, the second end of the third resistor R3 is respectively connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U1 and the first end of the rectifier bridge U2, the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the first end of the fourth resistor R4, the second end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected with the third end of the rectifier bridge U2, the connected common end is grounded, the second end of the rectifier bridge U2 is connected with the first end of the fifth resistor R5, the second end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected with the fourth end of the rectifier bridge U2, and the connected common end is used as the output end of the signal processing module 3.
Voltage output by the amplifying module
Voltage output from rectifier bridge U2
Wherein
Is the conduction voltage drop of the diode in the rectifier bridge U2.
Considering that the voltage output by the amplifying module is in the opposite direction between the on and off states, i.e. there is a positive voltage and a negative voltage, the rectifier bridge U2 rectifies the positive and negative voltages into the control signal for the first controllable switch Q1. The fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5 are used for assisting the rectifier bridge U2 to work.
As a preferred embodiment, it also comprises a pushing module 4;
the input end of the pushing module 4 is connected with the output end of the amplifying module, the output end of the pushing module 4 is connected with the control end of the first controllable switch Q1, and the pushing module 4 is used for assisting the first controllable switch Q1 to be conducted.
Considering that the voltage output by the rectifying module is not enough to control the first controllable switch Q1 to be turned on, the pushing module 4 is provided to assist the first controllable switch Q1 to be turned on.
Specifically, the pushing module 4 may include an MOS transistor, and the MOS transistor may amplify the voltage output by the rectifying module, and then output the voltage to the first controllable switch Q1 to assist the first controllable switch Q1 to be turned on.
As a preferred embodiment, the power device includes an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) and a soft-start capacitor;
the control end of the IGBT is used as the control end of the power device, the common end of the first end of the IGBT, which is connected with the first end of the soft start capacitor and connected with the first end of the IGBT, is used as the first end of the power device, the common end of the second end of the IGBT, which is connected with the second end of the soft start capacitor and connected with the second end of the IGBT, is used as the second end of the power device, the IGBT is used for being switched on or switched off according to a control signal sent by the controller 9, and the soft start capacitor is used for assisting the soft start of the IGBT.
The soft start resistor can be used for reducing the loss in the process of switching on or switching off because the voltage and the current do not intersect when the soft start resistor is switched on or switched off. The IGBT has the advantages of high withstand voltage, low breakover voltage, high switching speed, low driving power, low saturation voltage and the like, and is very suitable for a current transformation system with the direct-current voltage of 600V or more. As the magnetic suspension train is used in the application, the numerical values of current and voltage are large, and the IGBT is suitable.
Soft start capacitance needs to be satisfied
、
And
wherein, in the step (A),
is the voltage of the power supply and,
is the period duration of the PWM signal,
、
、
、
and
is the dead time of the control signals VT1, VT2, VT3 and VT4,
and
the capacitors are respectively the parallel capacitors of the super front arm and the hysteresis arm, the capacitor of the super front arm is the capacitor of VT1 and VT2, the capacitor of the hysteresis arm is the capacitor of VT3 and VT4,
is the current of the load and is,
is composed of
The value at the time of the steady state,
is the load inductance.
As a preferred embodiment, it also comprises an auxiliary module 5;
the first end of the auxiliary module 5 is connected with the first end of the third power device VT3, and the second end of the auxiliary module 5 is connected with the second end of the fourth power device VT 4;
the auxiliary module 5 is used for assisting the third power device VT3 and the fourth power device VT4 to be turned on.
Considering that the first power device VT1 and the second power device VT2 are connected to a power source, the first power device VT1 and the second power device VT2 have power sources to charge and discharge. The third power device VT3 and the fourth power device VT4 are both connected with a load, the load is the floating electromagnet 1, and when some scenes of the floating electromagnet 1 cannot supply power to the third power device VT3 and the fourth power device VT4, the third power device VT3 and the fourth power device VT4 cannot work, so that the auxiliary module 5 is arranged to assist the third power device VT3 and the fourth power device VT4 to be conducted.
In particular, the auxiliary module is composed of an inductorThe capacitor, the capacitor and the diode. Value of inductance
Value of capacitance
. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
is the capacitance of the auxiliary module and,
。
The load of the chopper 6 has both resistive and inductive properties, in particular its equivalent inductance is large, and the dead time setting for such control signals can be formulated
And (4) determining. Wherein the first term represents the dead time caused by the IGBT device itself,
representing the dead time of the IGBT control signal,
represents the maximum turn-off delay of the IGBT,
indicating the turn-off maximum fall time of the IGBT,
representing the minimum turn-on time delay of the IGBT; the second term represents dead time caused by the driving circuit board,
represents the maximum transmission delay of the driving circuit board,
the minimum transmission delay of the driving circuit board is represented, and if the driving circuit board adopts photoelectric coupling, the transmission delay of the driving circuit board cannot be ignored;
the redundancy coefficient is expressed, and the value is generally 1.2 to 1.5.
FIG. 5 shows the voltage of the floating electromagnet and the voltage and current of VT1 when the power device is turned on in the prior art;
u _ RL.V is the voltage of the suspension electromagnet when the power device is conducted, uge _ vt1.V 5 is the voltage of VT1 when the power device is conducted, and I _ RL.I is the current of VT1 when the power device is conducted.
FIG. 6 shows the voltage of the floating electromagnet and the voltage and current of VT1 when the power device is turned off in the prior art;
uce _ vt1.V is the voltage of the suspension electromagnet when the power device is turned off, uge _ vt1. V5 is the voltage of VT1 when the power device is turned off, and Ice _ vt1.I is the current of VT1 when the power device is turned off.
From fig. 5, when the duty ratio of VT1 is 50%, the current fluctuates up and down at 0A, and when the switching tube VT1 is turned on, the current rises, and when the VT1 is turned off, the current falls. At the moment of switching, the current change rate of the IGBT is large, under the combined action of the stray inductance and the IGBT turn-off voltage peak, the voltages at two ends of the suspension electromagnet oscillate violently, the peak overvoltage reaches 944V and far exceeds the bus voltage, and the overshoot is 114.5%.
As shown in fig. 6, when the IGBT device is turned off, the VT1 collector voltage generates a turn-off spike overvoltage, which reaches 926V, and the overshoot amount is 110.5%.
FIG. 7 shows the voltage of the floating electromagnet, the voltage of VT4 and the voltage and current of VT1 when the power device is turned on;
and URL.V is the voltage of the suspension electromagnet when the power device is switched on, uge _ vt1. V5 is the voltage of VT1 when the power device is switched on, uge _ vt4. V5 is the voltage of VT1 when the power device is switched on, and I _ RL.I is the current of VT1 when the power device is switched on.
Fig. 8 shows the voltage of the floating electromagnet, the voltage of VT4, and the voltage and current of VT1 when the power device is turned off.
Uce _ vt1.V is the voltage of the suspension electromagnet when the power device is turned off, uge _ vt1. V5 is the voltage of VT1 when the power device is turned off, uge _ vt4. V5 is the voltage of VT4 when the power device is turned off, and Ice _ vt1.I is the current of VT1 when the power device is turned off.
As shown in fig. 7, the suspension chopper provided by the present application greatly reduces the current surge caused by hard switching and the peak overvoltage at both ends of the suspension electromagnet caused by the dynamic characteristic of the IGBT, the peak overvoltage is 638V, the overshoot of the bus voltage is reduced to 45%, and the peak reduction ratio reaches 70.5%.
As shown in fig. 8, the suspension chopper provided by the present application greatly reduces the current surge caused by hard switching and the peak overvoltage of the switching tube VT1 caused by the dynamic characteristic of the IGBT, the peak overvoltage is 674V, the overshoot of the bus voltage is reduced to 53.2%, and the peak reduction ratio reaches 57.3%.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic levitation train provided by the present invention, which includes the chopper 6, a magnetic levitation train body 7, a sensor 8, a controller 9, and a levitation electromagnet 1;
the sensor 8 is connected with the controller 9 and used for collecting the running data of the train and sending the running data to the controller 9;
the controller 9 is connected with the magnetic suspension train body 7 and used for sending the driving data acquired by the sensor 8 to the magnetic suspension train and converting the voltage output by the power supply according to the magnetic suspension train control chopper 6 to supply power to the suspension electromagnet 1;
the chopper 6 is connected to the controller 9 and the levitation electromagnet 1, respectively.
Specifically, the sensor 8 includes a gap sensor, an acceleration sensor, and a current sensor, the gap sensor is used to transmit the distance between the magnetic levitation train and the track, the acceleration sensor is used to transmit the acceleration of the change in the distance, and the current sensor is used to transmit the current of the levitation electromagnet 1. The controller 9 transmits the data transmitted by the sensor 8 to the train and controls the chopper 6 to convert the voltage of the power supply according to the command of the train.
For the introduction of the magnetic levitation train provided in the present application, please refer to the above embodiments, which are not described herein again.
It is further noted that, in the present specification, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising a," "8230," "8230," or "comprising" does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A chopper is characterized by comprising a power device, a bus capacitor, a Miller capacitor and a first controllable switch;
the positive electrode of the power supply is respectively connected with the first end of the bus capacitor, the first end of the first power device and the first end of the third power device, the negative electrode of the power supply is respectively connected with the second end of the bus capacitor, the second end of the second power device and the second end of the fourth power device, the second end of the first power device is connected with the first end of the second power device, the connected public end of the second power device is connected with the first end of the floating electromagnet, and the second end of the third power device is connected with the first end of the fourth power device, the connected public end of the third power device is connected with the second end of the floating electromagnet;
the control ends of the power devices are connected with a controller, and the controller is used for controlling the on and off of the power devices so as to realize the conversion of the voltage of the power supply;
the first end of the power device is connected with the first end of the miller capacitor, the second end of the miller capacitor is connected with the first controllable switch, the second end of the first controllable switch is connected with the control end of the power device, the control end of the first controllable switch is connected with the first end of the power device, and the first controllable switch is used for being closed at the moment when the power device is switched on and off.
2. The chopper of claim 1, wherein the controller is specifically configured to output a first PWM signal to a first one of the power devices and a fourth one of the power devices, and a second PWM signal to a second one of the power devices and a third one of the power devices, the first PWM signal being complementary to the second PWM signal.
3. The chopper according to claim 1, further comprising an acquisition module and a signal processing module;
the input end of the acquisition module is connected with the first end of the power device, the output end of the acquisition module is connected with the input end of the signal processing module, and the output end of the signal processing module is connected with the control end of the first controllable switch;
the acquisition module is used for detecting the voltage change rate of the first end of the power device and converting the voltage change rate into a voltage signal to be output;
the signal processing module is used for converting the voltage signal into a control signal so that the first controllable switch is turned on at the moment when the power device is turned on or turned off.
4. The chopper according to claim 3, wherein the acquisition module comprises a first resistor and a first capacitor;
the first end of the first capacitor is used as the input end of the acquisition module, the second end of the first capacitor is connected with the first end of the first resistor, the connected common end of the second end of the first capacitor and the first end of the first resistor is used as the output end of the acquisition module, and the second end of the first resistor is grounded;
the first resistor and the first capacitor are used for collecting the voltage change rate of the first end of the power device, and the voltage change rate at the moment when the power device is switched on and off is larger than the voltage change rate when the power device is in stable switching-on or stable switching-off.
5. The chopper according to claim 3, wherein said signal processing module comprises an amplifying module and a rectifying module;
the input end of the amplifying module is used as the input end of the signal processing module, the output end of the amplifying module is connected with the input end of the rectifying module, and the output end of the rectifying module is used as the output end of the signal processing module;
the amplifying module is used for amplifying the voltage signal output by the collecting module, and the rectifying module is used for converting the voltage signal output by the amplifying module into a control signal.
6. The chopper according to claim 5, wherein the amplifying module comprises a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor and an operational amplifier, and the rectifying module comprises a rectifying bridge and a fifth resistor;
the first end of the second resistor is used as the input end of the amplification module, the second end of the second resistor is respectively connected with the first end of the third resistor and the inverting input end of the operational amplifier, the second end of the third resistor is respectively connected with the output end of the operational amplifier and the first end of the rectifier bridge, the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier is connected with the first end of the fourth resistor, the second end of the fourth resistor is connected with the third end of the rectifier bridge and the public end connected with the rectifier bridge is grounded, the second end of the rectifier bridge is connected with the first end of the fifth resistor, the second end of the fifth resistor is connected with the fourth end of the rectifier bridge, and the public end connected with the fourth end of the rectifier bridge is used as the output end of the signal processing module.
7. The chopper of claim 3, further comprising a pushing module;
the input end of the pushing module is connected with the output end of the amplifying module, the output end of the pushing module is connected with the control end of the first controllable switch, and the pushing module is used for assisting the first controllable switch to be switched on.
8. The chopper according to claim 1, wherein the power device comprises an IGBT and a soft start capacitor;
the control end of the IGBT is used as the control end of the power device, the common end of the first end of the IGBT, which is connected with the first end of the soft start capacitor and is connected with, is used as the first end of the power device, the common end of the second end of the IGBT, which is connected with the second end of the soft start capacitor and is connected with, is used as the second end of the power device, the IGBT is used for switching on or off according to a control signal sent by the controller, and the soft start capacitor is used for assisting the soft start of the IGBT.
9. The chopper according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising an auxiliary module;
the first end of the auxiliary module is connected with the first end of the third power device, and the second end of the auxiliary module is connected with the second end of the fourth power device;
the auxiliary module is used for assisting the conduction of the third power device and the fourth power device.
10. A magnetic levitation train, comprising the chopper of any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a magnetic levitation train body, a sensor, a controller, and a levitation electromagnet;
the sensor is connected with the controller and used for collecting the running data of the train and sending the running data to the controller;
the controller is connected with the magnetic suspension train body and used for sending the driving data acquired by the sensor to the magnetic suspension train and controlling the chopper to convert the voltage output by the power supply according to the magnetic suspension train so as to supply power to the suspension electromagnet;
the chopper is respectively connected with the controller and the suspension electromagnet.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310086364.5A CN115833579B (en) | 2023-02-09 | 2023-02-09 | Chopper and maglev train |
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| CN202310086364.5A CN115833579B (en) | 2023-02-09 | 2023-02-09 | Chopper and maglev train |
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| CN115833579B CN115833579B (en) | 2023-05-02 |
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| CN115833579B (en) | 2023-05-02 |
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