CN115831429A - Diffuse reflection device for pre-cooling magneto-optical trap and laser cooling method - Google Patents
Diffuse reflection device for pre-cooling magneto-optical trap and laser cooling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115831429A CN115831429A CN202211369283.8A CN202211369283A CN115831429A CN 115831429 A CN115831429 A CN 115831429A CN 202211369283 A CN202211369283 A CN 202211369283A CN 115831429 A CN115831429 A CN 115831429A
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Abstract
A diffuse reflection device and a laser cooling method for pre-cooling a magneto-optical trap are disclosed, wherein the device uses a quartz vacuum cavity with a special configuration, the surface of the vacuum cavity is provided with a coating with high diffuse reflection rate, the coating is provided with corresponding small holes, laser enters the vacuum cavity from the small holes through an optical fiber, and an isotropic cooling optical field is formed in the cavity through the diffuse reflection of the coating. A pair of anti-Helmholtz coils are arranged outside the vacuum cavity, form a magneto-optical trap with the cooling laser, and realize diffuse reflection cooling as the front-stage cooling of the magneto-optical trap through time sequence control. The invention can improve the optical thickness of atoms obtained by diffuse reflection cooling, improve the trapping of magneto-optical traps and the loading rate of cooled atoms, and provide an idea for researching a new cooling mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to laser cooling atoms, in particular to a diffuse reflection device and a laser cooling method for pre-cooling a magneto-optical trap.
Background
The technology of Zeeman decelerator, magneto-optical trap, etc. developed in the 80 s of the 20 th century has led to the rapid development of laser cooling atom field. The traditional pre-cooling device of the magneto-optical trap, such as a Zeeman decelerator or a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap device, needs a magnetic field and has strict requirements on the polarization of required cooling light. Diffuse reflection cooling has many advantages and is widely applied, for example, the atoms are cooled by using diffuse reflection light without finely adjusting the spatial position of laser, the polarization of the laser is not required, and an additional magnetic field device is not required, so that the diffuse reflection cooling technology is widely applied to integrated, stable and miniaturized devices.
However, atoms cannot be trapped by using only diffuse reflection cooling, so that the optical thickness of the obtained cold atoms is low; on the other hand, the loading rate of cold atoms obtained by the magneto-optical trap technique alone is not high. The magneto-optical trap is pre-cooled through diffuse reflection cooling, compared with the traditional pre-cooling scheme, the complexity of an experimental system is greatly simplified, and meanwhile, the optical thickness of atoms in the diffuse reflection cooling is greatly improved by using the magneto-optical trap.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a diffuse reflection device and a laser cooling method for pre-cooling a magneto-optical trap.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a diffuse reflection device for pre-cooling a magneto-optical trap is characterized in that: mainly comprises a quartz vacuum cavity with a special configuration, a device outside the vacuum cavity and a cold atom signal detection device,
the quartz vacuum cavity with the special configuration comprises three mutually vertical quartz tubes, a horizontal quartz tube, a vertical quartz tube and a metal flange, wherein window sheets are adhered to the end surfaces of the three mutually vertical quartz tubes; the outer surface of the vacuum cavity is uniformly coated with a surface coating with extremely high diffuse reflectivity, 2 laser incidence small holes are respectively formed in the surface coatings of the three mutually perpendicular quartz tubes and are used for connecting multimode optical fibers, the upper ends of the quartz tubes in the vertical direction are connected with the vacuum cavity formed by the three mutually perpendicular quartz tubes, the lower ends of the quartz tubes in the vertical direction are connected with the knife edge flange, and the horizontal quartz tubes are horizontally connected with the vacuum cavity;
the vacuum cavity device comprises six multimode optical fibers, a pair of anti-Helmholtz coils, a 1/4 wave plate and a reflector; six beams of laser used for diffuse reflection cooling are emitted into the vacuum cavity from the laser incidence small holes through the six multimode fibers, and the laser forms an isotropic light field in the cavity after being subjected to diffuse reflection on the surface coating of the cavity; the wave plates and the reflectors are respectively arranged on the outer axes at one ends of the three mutually vertical quartz tubes, three beams of laser respectively pass through the centers of the three mutually vertical quartz tubes and are totally coincided with incident light by reflected light of the 1/4 wave plates and the reflectors, and three pairs of beams form a magneto-optical trap light field; the pair of anti-Helmholtz coils are arranged outside two ends of the quartz tube which is horizontally forwards, the electrified anti-Helmholtz coils form a gradient magnetic field in the vacuum cavity, and the gradient magnetic field and a magneto-optical trap optical field form a magneto-optical trap;
the cold atom signal detection device comprises a CCD camera and a photoelectric detector, the CCD camera is arranged in front of the horizontal quartz tube and used for imaging atomic fluorescence in the vacuum cavity, and a beam of detection light penetrates through the center of the vacuum cavity and is incident on the photoelectric detector and used for detecting cold atom signals.
The method for cooling the laser by using the diffuse reflection device for pre-cooling the magneto-optical trap comprises the following steps:
1) Starting laser for diffuse reflection cooling input through the multimode optical fiber, and pre-cooling atoms in the vacuum cavity through the three mutually vertical quartz pipelines;
2) Then the diffuse reflection laser is closed, and a gradient magnetic field is formed in the vacuum cavity after the pair of anti-Helmholtz coils are electrified;
3) Opening cooling light and re-pumping light of the magneto-optical trap after the gradient magnetic field is stable, enabling the cooling light and the re-pumping light required by the magneto-optical trap to be subjected to beam combination and shaping and then to be incident along the centers of the axes of the three quartz pipelines in an equipower manner, enabling the polarization of the light beam to be circular polarization, enabling the light beam to pass through a 1/4 wave plate after passing through the center of the vacuum cavity and be reflected by a reflector in an original path, enabling the light paths of the incident light and the reflected light to be completely overlapped, enabling the three pairs of light beams and the magnetic field to form the magneto-optical trap together, and cooling and trapping atoms;
4) In the detection stage, the magneto-optical trap is closed, the detection light is started, a beam of detection light enters the photoelectric detector along one quartz tube and in a direction with a small included angle with the magnetic field axis, and the photoelectric detector receives signals of the detection light and detects the temperature and the number of atoms; and the CCD camera is placed along the axis of the horizontal quartz tube to monitor cold atomic groups in the magneto-optical trap.
The vacuum pump set is connected with a vacuum pump and an atom source through a four-way or six-way, and the whole vacuum cavity is maintained to be in a higher vacuum degree.
The end face of each quartz tube of the vacuum cavity is adhered with a special window sheet by using optical glue, and the window sheet is used for improving the transmissivity of laser entering the vacuum cavity.
A beam of detection light is incident along one of the quartz tubes and in a direction with a small included angle with the magnetic field axis, and the signal of the detection light is received by the photoelectric detector and is used for detecting the temperature and the number of atoms; a CCD camera is placed along the axis of the horizontal quartz tube for monitoring the cold radicals in the magneto-optical trap.
Compared with the pre-cooling scheme or the independent diffuse reflection cooling scheme of the existing magneto-optical trap, the magneto-optical trap has the following advantages:
1. the pre-cooling has the advantages of diffuse reflection cooling, namely the pre-cooling has no requirement on the polarization of a light field, and the spatial position of laser does not need to be precisely adjusted.
2. The diffuse reflection cooling does not require a magnetic field and therefore acts as pre-cooling without affecting the magnetic field distribution of the magneto-optical trap and therefore without additional magnetic field affecting the atoms therein.
3. Compared with the single use of diffuse reflection cooling, the atoms can be trapped by a magneto-optical trap, and the optical thickness of the atoms is increased.
Experiments show that the invention can improve the optical thickness of atoms obtained by diffuse reflection cooling, improve the trapping of magneto-optical traps and the loading rate of cooled atoms, and provide an idea for researching a new cooling mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a diffusely reflecting quartz vacuum chamber including a coating and an opening
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of incident diffuse reflected light using an optical fiber
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical and magnetic fields in a magneto-optical trap
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of atomic signal detection
FIG. 5 is a timing control diagram
FIG. 6 shows transition energy levels of rubidium atoms corresponding to laser frequencies
In the figure: 1-1 is a CF35 stainless steel flange, 1-2 is a quartz tube in the vertical direction, 1-3 is a diffuse reflection coating opening, 1-4 is a diffuse reflection coating on the surface of a quartz vacuum air chamber, 1-5 is a window sheet (only one of which is labeled), 1-6, 1-7 and 1-9 are three quartz tubes which are perpendicular to each other, 1-8 is a quartz tube in the horizontal direction, 2-1 is a multimode optical fiber for incident diffuse reflection light, 3-1 is a pair of magnetic field coils of a magneto-optical trap, 3-2 is a cooling light beam (including cooling light and re-pumping light, only one of which is labeled) of the magneto-optical trap, 3-3 is a 1/4 wave plate (only one of which is labeled), 3-4 is a 0-degree reflector (only one of which is labeled), 4-1 is a photoelectric detector, 4-2 is detection light, 4-3 is atomic fluorescence, and 4-4 is a CCD camera.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments and drawings, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, it can be seen that the diffuse reflection device for pre-cooling a magneto-optical trap of the present invention mainly comprises a vacuum chamber with a special configuration, an external device of the vacuum chamber and a cold atom signal detection device, wherein the vacuum chamber comprises three mutually perpendicular quartz tubes 1-6, 1-7, 1-9, a horizontal quartz tube 1-8, a vertical quartz tube 1-2 and a metal flange 1-1, and a window sheet 1-5 is adhered to the end surfaces of the three mutually perpendicular quartz tubes 1-6, 1-7 and 1-9; the surface of the vacuum cavity is uniformly coated with a coating 1-4 with extremely high diffuse reflectivity, corresponding laser incidence small holes 1-3 are formed in the surface coating 1-4 for connecting multimode optical fibers 2-1, and the quartz tube 1-2 in the vertical direction is connected with the knife edge flange 1-1;
the device outside the vacuum cavity comprises six multimode optical fibers 2-1, a pair of anti-Helmholtz coils 3-1, a 1/4 wave plate 3-3 and a reflector 3-4, six beams of laser for diffuse reflection cooling pass through the multimode optical fibers 2-1 and are incident into the vacuum cavity from the small holes 1-3, and the laser forms an isotropic optical field in the cavity after being diffusely reflected by a surface coating of the cavity body; three beams of laser used for the magneto-optical trap are transmitted by the centers of three mutually vertical quartz tubes 1-6, 1-7 and 1-9 and are reflected by the wave plate 3-3 and the reflector 3-4, the reflected light is completely coincided with the light path of the incident light, and three beams form a magneto-optical trap light field; the pair of electrified anti-Helmholtz coils 3-1 form a gradient magnetic field in the vacuum cavity, and the gradient magnetic field and a magneto-optical trap optical field form a magneto-optical trap;
the cold atom signal detection device comprises a CCD camera 4-4 and a photoelectric detector 4-1, wherein the CCD camera 4-4 is arranged in front of the horizontal quartz tube 1-8 and is used for imaging atomic fluorescence 4-3 in the vacuum cavity, and a beam of detection light 4-2 penetrates through the center of the vacuum cavity and is incident on the photoelectric detector 4-1 and is used for detecting cold atom signals.
The method for cooling the laser by using the diffuse reflection device for pre-cooling the magneto-optical trap comprises the following steps:
1) Laser for diffuse reflection cooling input through the multimode optical fiber 2-1 is started, and isotropic optical fields are formed in the cavity through the three mutually vertical quartz pipelines 1-6, 1-7 and 1-9 through diffuse reflection on the surface of the cavity to pre-cool atoms in the cavity;
2) Then closing the diffuse reflection light, electrifying the pair of anti-Helmholtz coils 3-1 and forming a gradient magnetic field in the vacuum cavity;
3) Opening cooling light and re-pumping light of the magneto-optical trap after the gradient magnetic field is stabilized, wherein the gradient magnetic field and three pairs of magneto-optical trap lasers which are incident and reflected by three mutually vertical quartz pipelines 1-6, 1-7 and 1-9 form the magneto-optical trap; the magneto-optical trap is used for cooling and trapping atoms;
4) In the detection stage, the magneto-optical trap is closed, a beam of detection light 4-2 is incident along one quartz tube and in a direction with a small included angle with a magnetic field axis, and a signal of the detection light is received through the photoelectric detector 4-1 and is used for detecting the temperature and the number of atoms; the CCD camera 4-4 is placed along the axis of the horizontal quartz tube 1-8 to monitor the cold radicals in the magneto-optical traps.
Examples
The vacuum cavity consisting of the plurality of quartz tubes is connected with a vacuum pump and a rubidium atom source through a four-way or six-way joint, and the whole vacuum cavity can be maintained to be in a high vacuum degree through the vacuum pump.
The wall surface of the vacuum cavity is uniformly coated with a diffuse reflection coating 1-4 with the thickness of about 2mm, the diffuse reflection rate of the coating to 780nm laser reaches 98%, six small holes 1-3 with the diameter of about 3mm are symmetrically formed in the coatings on the surfaces of three mutually perpendicular quartz pipelines 1-6, 1-7 and 1-9, the small holes are used for enabling diffuse reflection cooling light output by the multimode optical fiber 2-1 to directly enter the vacuum cavity, the diffuse reflection light comprises cooling light and re-pumping light, and the cooling light frequency corresponds to rubidium atoms 5S (structure of S) as shown in figure 6 1/2 F =2 to 5P 3/2 F' =3 level transition and has red detuning quantity about 20MHz, and the frequency of re-pumping light corresponds to rubidium atom 5S 1/2 F =1 to 5P 3/2 F' =2 level transition.
A pair of anti-Helmholtz coils 3-1 are arranged outside the vacuum cavity, a gradient magnetic field is generated after the coils are connected with current, and the zero magnetic field is superposed with the center of the vacuum cavity.
Cooling light and re-pumping light required by the magneto-optical trap are subjected to beam combination and shaping and then enter along the centers of the axes of the three quartz pipelines in an equipower manner, the diameter of the three incident light beams is about 6mm, the polarization of the light beams is circular polarization, the light beams 3-2 pass through the center of the vacuum cavity, then pass through the 1/4 wave plate 3-3 and are reflected by the reflector 3-4 in the original path, the light paths of the incident light and the reflected light are completely overlapped, and the three pairs of light beams and the magnetic field form the magneto-optical trap together. Cooling light frequency corresponding to rubidium atom 5S 1/2 F =2 to 5P 3/2 F' =3 level transition and has red detuning quantity about 20MHz, and the frequency of re-pumping light corresponds to rubidium atom 5S 1/2 F =1 to 5P 3/2 F' =2 level transition.
As shown in fig. 4, a beam of detection light 4-2 is incident along a direction having an angle of 15 degrees with the quartz tube 1-7, and a signal of the detection light is received by the photodetector 4-1 for detecting the temperature and the number of atoms, wherein the frequency of the detection light corresponds to that of rubidium atoms 5S 1/2 F =2 to 5P 3/2 F' =3 level transition; a CCD camera 4-4 is placed along the axis of the horizontal quartz tube 1-8 and the radical signal in the magneto-optical trap is monitored by fluorescence 4-3 emitted by the atoms in the chamber.
The light field and the magnetic field required by the diffuse reflection light, the detection light and the magneto-optical trap are controlled by time sequence. The cooling light of diffuse reflection and the re-pumping light are simultaneously started, the diffuse reflection light is closed after the atom temperature is cooled to be slightly opened, the current of a magnetic field coil is simultaneously opened, a certain time is needed for opening the magnetic field, the cooling light and the re-pumping light of the magneto-optical trap are opened after the magnetic field is stabilized, and the magneto-optical trap is closed and the detection light is started in the detection stage.
The cooling system built by the invention can improve the optical thickness of atoms obtained by diffuse reflection cooling, improve the trapping of magneto-optical traps and the loading rate of cooled atoms, and provide an idea for researching a new cooling mode.
Claims (2)
1. A diffuse reflection apparatus for pre-cooling a magneto-optical trap, comprising: mainly comprises a quartz vacuum cavity with a special configuration, a device outside the vacuum cavity and a cold atom signal detection device,
the quartz vacuum cavity with the special configuration comprises three mutually vertical quartz tubes (1-6, 1-7 and 1-9), a horizontal quartz tube (1-8), a vertical quartz tube (1-2) and a metal flange (1-1), wherein window sheets (1-5) are adhered to the end surfaces of the three mutually vertical quartz tubes (1-6, 1-7 and 1-9); the outer surface of the vacuum cavity is uniformly coated with a surface coating (1-4) with extremely high diffuse reflectance, a plurality of laser incidence small holes (1-3) are respectively formed in the surface coatings (1-4) of the three mutually perpendicular quartz tubes (1-6, 1-7 and 1-9), the laser incidence small holes (1-3) are used for connecting multimode optical fibers (2-1), the upper end of the quartz tube (1-2) in the vertical direction is connected with the vacuum cavity formed by the three mutually perpendicular quartz tubes (1-6, 1-7 and 1-9), the lower end of the quartz tube (1-2) in the vertical direction is connected with the knife edge flange (1-1), and the horizontal quartz tube (1-8) is horizontally connected with the vacuum cavity;
the vacuum cavity outer device comprises six multimode optical fibers (2-1), a pair of anti-Helmholtz coils (3-1), a 1/4 wave plate (3-3) and a reflector (3-4); six beams of laser for diffuse reflection cooling are emitted into the vacuum cavity from the laser incidence small holes (1-3) through the six multimode optical fibers (2-1), and the laser forms an isotropic light field in the cavity after being subjected to diffuse reflection by the surface coating of the cavity wall; the pair of anti-Helmholtz coils (3-1) are arranged outside two ends of a horizontal forward quartz tube (1-7), the 1/4 wave plate (3-3) and the reflector (3-4) are respectively arranged on an outer axis at one end of each of the three mutually vertical quartz tubes (1-6, 1-7 and 1-9), three beams of laser used for magneto-optical traps respectively pass through the centers of the three mutually vertical quartz tubes (1-6, 1-7 and 1-9) and are reflected by the 1/4 wave plate (3-3) and the reflector (3-4), the reflected light is completely coincided with the incident light, and the three beams form a magneto-optical trap light field; the pair of electrified anti-Helmholtz coils (3-1) form a gradient magnetic field in the vacuum cavity, and the gradient magnetic field and a magneto-optical trap optical field form a magneto-optical trap;
the cold atom signal detection device comprises a CCD camera (4-4) and a photoelectric detector (4-1), wherein the CCD camera (4-4) is arranged in front of the horizontal quartz tube (1-8) and used for imaging the atomic fluorescence (4-3) in the vacuum cavity, and a beam of detection light (4-2) penetrates through the center of the vacuum cavity and is incident on the photoelectric detector (4-1) and used for detecting cold atom signals.
2. A method of laser cooling using the diffuse reflection assembly for pre-cooling a magneto-optical trap as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
1) Starting laser input through the multimode optical fiber (2-1), forming isotropic optical fields after diffuse reflection of surface coatings of the three mutually perpendicular quartz pipelines (1-6, 1-7 and 1-9), and pre-cooling atoms in the cavity;
2) Then the diffuse reflection laser is turned off, the pair of anti Helmholtz coils (3-1) are electrified, and a gradient magnetic field is formed in the vacuum cavity;
3) Opening the cooling light of the magneto-optical trap and re-pumping light to form a magneto-optical trap light field after the gradient magnetic field is stable, wherein the gradient magnetic field and laser incident from three mutually vertical quartz pipelines (1-6, 1-7 and 1-9) form the magneto-optical trap to cool and trap atoms;
4) In the detection stage, the magneto-optical trap is closed, the detection light is started, one beam of detection light (4-2) is incident to the photoelectric detector (4-1) along one quartz tube and in a direction with a small included angle with the magnetic field axis, and the photoelectric detector (4-1) receives signals of the detection light and detects the temperature and the number of atoms; and the CCD camera (4-4) is arranged along the axis of the horizontal quartz tube (1-8) to monitor the cold atomic groups in the magneto-optical trap.
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| CN202211369283.8A CN115831429A (en) | 2022-11-03 | 2022-11-03 | Diffuse reflection device for pre-cooling magneto-optical trap and laser cooling method |
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| CN202211369283.8A CN115831429A (en) | 2022-11-03 | 2022-11-03 | Diffuse reflection device for pre-cooling magneto-optical trap and laser cooling method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116316039A (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2023-06-23 | 度亘核芯光电技术(苏州)有限公司 | Method for testing ring laser |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116316039A (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2023-06-23 | 度亘核芯光电技术(苏州)有限公司 | Method for testing ring laser |
| CN116316039B (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2023-08-22 | 度亘核芯光电技术(苏州)有限公司 | Method for testing ring laser |
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