CN115820964A - Device and method for preparing high-carbon ferrochrome through whole-powder ore smelting - Google Patents
Device and method for preparing high-carbon ferrochrome through whole-powder ore smelting Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 27
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for preparing high-carbon ferrochromium alloy by smelting full powder ore, which are characterized in that ferrochromium ore powder, a slagging agent and a reducing agent which are prepared according to a preset proportion are sent into a ball mill to be fully ground and mixed; adding a scrap returns into the furnace bottom through a blanking pipe, so that the scrap returns are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the graphite hollow electrode; lowering the graphite hollow electrode to make the graphite hollow electrode contact with the returned material, and heating and drying the furnace by using the resistance generated by the graphite hollow electrode and the returned material after electrifying; adjusting up a graphite hollow electrode, starting arc, heating the returned material to a molten state, and forming a ferrochrome alloy layer with the depth of not less than 200 mm; adding ferrochrome pellet material, slagging agent and reduced coke into the furnace through a blanking pipe, and forming a block covering material with the thickness of not less than 200 mm; an air compressor is utilized to form argon gas flow with preset pressure, and mixed powder in a powder bin is blown into the furnace body through a conveying pipeline by a graphite hollow electrode to complete quick smelting reaction and smelting. The scheme improves and accelerates the smelting reaction rate and reduces the production cost of ferrochrome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an iron alloy smelting technology, in particular to a device and a method for preparing high-carbon ferrochrome through full-powder ore smelting.
Background
High-carbon ferrochrome is an important additive for producing stainless steel, but along with the large-scale exploitation of chromium ore in recent years, high-grade chromium ore resources are scarce, the supply of raw materials is increasingly tense, and the price of ore is increased; meanwhile, with the rapid development of stainless steel production, the yield is increased day by day, and the demand for ferrochrome alloy is also increased sharply. Under the trend, in order to reduce the production cost and meet the market demand, the existing smelting technology and equipment are urgently needed to be updated and upgraded in the field of ferrochrome at present, the capacity of an electric furnace is enlarged, and different ore raw materials are fully utilized and adapted to promote the production.
In the prior ferrochrome smelting ore-smelting furnaces in China, most of the furnaces adopt an early alternating current arc furnace powered by a three-phase alternating current power supply, and the furnace type is used for supplying heat to the furnace by striking arcs through three triangularly arranged electrodes to complete the smelting process. During smelting, materials are added into the furnace in batches according to the requirement in the furnace, the furnace burden is piled into a cone along the periphery of the electrode and keeps a proper charge level height, and the furnace burden sinks continuously along with the reduction reaction. Electric arc furnaces have two different energy supply technologies during production, namely Direct Current (DC) systems and Alternating Current (AC) systems. Meanwhile, the conventional three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace also has the problems of low smelting reaction rate, high production cost and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a device and a method for preparing high-carbon ferrochrome through whole-powder ore smelting, which can accelerate the smelting reaction rate and reduce the production cost of ferrochrome.
In a first aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for preparing a high-carbon ferrochrome alloy by full-powder ore smelting, including:
the furnace body of the direct current electric arc furnace, there is bell in the opening place of upper end of the said furnace body, the underpart has graphite bottom electrode;
the graphite hollow electrode penetrates through the furnace cover, the upper end of the graphite hollow electrode is communicated with the powder bin, and the lower end of the graphite hollow electrode extends to the bottom of the furnace body;
the feed openings vertically penetrate through the furnace cover, and two, three or four feed openings are formed in each feed opening;
and the gas compressor is communicated with a connecting path of the graphite hollow electrode and the powder bin.
Optionally, in a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, a dust collecting port is arranged on the furnace cover, and the dust collecting port is communicated with the inside and the outside of the furnace body.
Optionally, in a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the graphite hollow electrode has a diameter of 500mm, and the central hole has a diameter of 50mm.
In a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a high-carbon ferrochrome alloy by full-powder ore smelting, including:
feeding the ferrochromium ore powder, the slagging agent and the reducing agent which are prepared according to the preset proportion into a ball mill for fully grinding and mixing, wherein the discharge granularity of the mixed powder is less than or equal to 100 meshes, and feeding the mixed powder into a powder bin for storage;
adding a scrap returns into the furnace bottom through a blanking pipe, so that the scrap returns are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the graphite hollow electrode;
lowering the graphite hollow electrode to make the graphite hollow electrode contact with the returned material, and heating the furnace by using the resistance generated by the graphite hollow electrode and the returned material after electrifying, wherein the furnace drying time lasts for 12-36 hours;
after the oven is finished, the graphite hollow electrode is adjusted upwards and arcing is carried out, the returned material is heated to a molten state, and ferrochrome with the depth of not less than 200mm is formed;
ferrochrome pellet materials, slagging agents and reduced coke are added into the furnace through a discharging pipe, and block covering materials with the thickness not less than 200mm are formed, so that the molten furnace slag is prevented from radiating heat to the furnace top and the furnace wall;
an air compressor is utilized to form argon gas flow with preset pressure, mixed powder in a powder bin is sprayed into the furnace body through a graphite hollow electrode to complete smelting reaction, and the temperature of the smelting furnace is controlled to be 1450-1600 ℃.
Optionally, in a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, during the reaction process, high-temperature gas in the furnace is fed into the dust collecting system through the dust collecting port under the condition of a negative-pressure furnace body.
Optionally, in one possible implementation of the second aspect, the used scrap comprises ferrochrome smelting slag and jigged recycled ferrochrome alloy particles; in the smelting process, the graphite hollow electrode is deeply inserted into high-temperature slag on the upper part of the ferrochrome alloy solution, so that raw material powder cannot be pumped away by a dust collecting system through a molten slag layer and upper massive covering materials.
Optionally, in one possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the chromite ore powder includes south african powder ore and turkish powder ore;
the mixing ratio of the south Africa fine ore to the Turkish fine ore is one of 9.
Optionally, in one possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the turkey ore comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Cr2O3：40％～43％，SiO2：9％～12％，MgO：19％～22％，Al2O3：7％～10％，Fe：14％～18％。
the south African ore comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Cr2O3：40％～43％，SiO2：6％～10％，MgO：11％～14％，Al2O3：12％～15％，Fe：18％～23％。
optionally, in one possible implementation of the second aspect, the slag former comprises the following components:
SiO2, mgO-SiO 2, caCO3 and ferrochrome smelting slag.
Optionally, in a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the reducing agent includes metallurgical coke and semi-coke, wherein the metallurgical coke and semi-coke have a fixed carbon content greater than 85%, and the mass fraction ratio of the metallurgical coke to the semi-coke is one of 7.
The technical effects are as follows:
1. adopt the direct current electric arc stove to replace traditional three-phase interchange hot stove in ore deposit, compare with traditional three-phase interchange electric arc stove equipment, the direct current electric arc stove has many advantages: the direct-current electric arc furnace does not have reactance of a main loop, three-phase interference factors and the skin effect of alternating current, so that the stability of a power supply grid is further improved; the graphite consumption of the electrode of the direct current electric arc furnace is small, and the electric energy consumed by a unit product is reduced; in the single-electrode direct current furnace, molten metal can obtain good stirring effect of electromagnetic force, and homogenization of alloy components can be promoted; compared with an alternating current furnace, the power factor of the direct current furnace is higher by 3-6%, and meanwhile, the noise in the running process of the direct current furnace is reduced by 10-15 dB, so that the working environment can be effectively improved; the scheme also adopts an advanced new technology of carrying gas and conveying powder by the graphite hollow electrode, and smelting raw materials are directly sent into a central reaction zone in the electric arc furnace in a powder mixing mode, so that the aims of accelerating the smelting reaction rate and reducing the production cost of ferrochrome are fulfilled;
2. the price of the prior ferrochrome powder ore is lower than that of the ferrochrome lump ore, and the mixed powder is directly fed into the furnace, so that the 'granulation' and 'roasting' processes in the prior ferrochrome production process can be saved, and a large amount of production cost can be saved for enterprises;
3. the invention uses the direct current electric furnace as the main equipment for producing the high-carbon ferrochrome, and converts the three-electrode alternating current electric arc furnace which originally uses the three-phase alternating current power supply for power supply into the single-electrode direct current electric arc furnace, thereby completely eradicating some defects of the alternating current power supply from the root and simultaneously exerting the advantages of the direct current power supply to the maximum;
4. the direct-current electric arc furnace does not have reactance of a main loop, three-phase interference factors and the skin effect of alternating current, so that the stability of a power supply grid is further improved;
5. the graphite consumption of the electrode of the direct current electric arc furnace is small, and the electric energy consumed by a unit product is reduced;
6. in the single-electrode direct current furnace, the molten alloy can obtain good stirring effect of electromagnetic force, and the homogenization of alloy components can be promoted;
7. compared with an alternating current furnace, the power factor of the direct current furnace is higher by 3% -6%, and meanwhile, the noise in the running process of the direct current furnace is reduced by 10-15 dB, so that the working environment can be effectively improved.
8. The equipment adopts the graphite hollow electrode to replace the original three-phase solid graphite electrode, and the equipment is simplified.
9. The mixed material of the pre-ground and dried ferrochrome fine ore, the reducing agent coke and the slag former is sprayed into a hot direct current electric furnace together with carrier gas, so that good heat transfer and mass transfer conditions are caused, and the chemical reaction is carried out at a very high speed. The method takes the smelting principle of ferrochrome alloy as a support, converts the disadvantage of charging fine ore into the furnace in the traditional smelting process into the advantage, fully utilizes the huge active surface of fine ground materials, and depends on an electrode reaction zone with high power density to quickly finish the reduction smelting process, thereby achieving the purposes of reducing the power consumption of ferrochrome smelting and improving the alloy yield. And moreover, as the hollow electrode adopts a mode of blanking the central tube of the graphite electrode in real time, the aim of quickly adjusting the furnace condition can be realized by quickly changing the charging ratio of the raw materials and the slag former when the furnace condition fluctuates.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for preparing high-carbon ferrochrome alloy by smelting full-powder ore according to the embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart showing the method for preparing high-carbon ferrochrome alloy by smelting whole ore powder according to the embodiment.
In the figure, 1, a powder bin; 2. a delivery conduit; 3. a gas compressor; 4. an electrode holding arm; 5. a dust collecting port; 6. a graphite hollow electrode; 7. a feed opening; 8. a block-shaped covering material; 9. a slag layer; 10. ferrochromium alloy; 11. a graphite bottom electrode.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and in the claims, as well as in the drawings, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.
It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present invention, the sequence numbers of the processes do not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of the processes should be determined by the functions and the internal logic of the processes, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.
It should be understood that in the present application, "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It should be understood that, in the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or" is merely an association describing an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B, may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "comprising a, B and C", "comprising a, B, C" means that all three of a, B, C are comprised, "comprising a, B or C" means comprising one of a, B, C, "comprising a, B and/or C" means comprising any 1 or any 2 or 3 of a, B, C.
It should be understood that in the present invention, "B corresponding to a", "a corresponds to B", or "B corresponds to a" means that B is associated with a, and B can be determined from a. Determining B from a does not mean determining B from a alone, but may be determined from a and/or other information. And the matching of A and B means that the similarity of A and B is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value.
As used herein, the term "if" may be interpreted as "at \8230; …" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to a detection" depending on the context.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with specific examples. The following several specific embodiments may be combined with each other, and details of the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments.
Examples
An apparatus for preparing high-carbon ferrochrome 10 by smelting full-powder ore, which is shown in figure 1, comprises a furnace body of a direct current electric arc furnace, wherein a furnace cover is arranged at an opening at the upper end of the furnace body, and a graphite bottom electrode 11 is arranged at the lower end of the furnace body.
It should be noted that in the present scheme, a graphite hollow electrode 6 penetrates through the furnace cover, that is, the graphite hollow electrode 6 is hollow, and a central hole is formed in the middle for materials to pass through.
In practical applications, it is necessary to ensure that the diameter of the hollow electrode/the diameter of the central hole of the electrode =10, for example, the diameter of the graphite hollow electrode 6 is 500mm, and the diameter of the central hole is 50mm.
The upper end of the graphite hollow electrode 6 is communicated with a powder bin 1, the lower end of the graphite hollow electrode extends to the bottom of the furnace body, and the powder bin 1 is used for storing ferrochrome mineral powder, a slagging agent and a reducing agent which are prepared in proportion, sending the ferrochrome mineral powder, the slagging agent and the reducing agent into a ball mill to be fully ground and mixed to generate powder, and then adding the powder into the furnace body through a central hole.
This scheme still is provided with feed opening 7, and feed opening 7 is vertical to be run through on the furnace cover, and feed opening 7 is provided with two, three or four. For example, referring to fig. 1, two feed openings 7 are provided on both sides of a graphite hollow electrode 6 for feeding materials into the furnace body.
In addition, this scheme is provided with gas compressor 3, and gas compressor 3 intercommunication can utilize high-pressure gas to assist to add the powder to the furnace body on the connection route of graphite hollow electrode 6 and powder storehouse 1.
In practice, the graphite hollow electrode 6 can be connected to the powder silo 1 via a conveying pipe 2, it being understood that the gas compressor 3 can be connected to the conveying pipe 2.
In some embodiments, the electrode clamping arm 4 can be further arranged to clamp the graphite hollow electrode 6, so that the graphite hollow electrode 6 can be fixed, in addition, the electrode clamping arm 4 can be provided with a lantern ring, the graphite hollow electrode 6 can penetrate through the lantern ring to tightly abut against the lantern ring, and when the graphite hollow electrode 6 needs to move up and down, the graphite hollow electrode can move up and down along the lantern ring.
In some embodiments, a dust collecting port 5 is arranged on the cover, and the dust collecting port 5 is communicated with the inside and the outside of the furnace body. It can be understood that the dust collecting port 5 can be connected with a dust collecting system, in the reaction process, high-temperature gas in the furnace is sent into the dust collecting system through the dust collecting port 5 under the negative pressure condition of the hearth, the main component of the purified flue gas is CO, the CO can be used as a material carrying gas to be recycled, and the waste heat can be recycled through a waste heat boiler.
The scheme also provides a method for preparing the high-carbon ferrochrome 10 through whole-powder ore smelting, which comprises the following steps of S101-S106, and is shown in figures 1 and 2:
s101, feeding the ferrochromium ore powder, the slagging agent and the reducing agent which are prepared according to the preset proportion into a ball mill for fully grinding and mixing, discharging the mixed powder with the granularity of less than or equal to 100 meshes, and feeding the mixed powder into a powder bin 1 for storage.
Wherein, the charging ferrochrome powder ore contains south Africa powder ore and Turkish powder ore, the mixing ratio of the two ore powders can be 1, 8.
In some embodiments, the turkey ore comprises the following components in parts by mass:
Cr2O3：40％～43％，SiO2：9％～12％，MgO：19％～22％，Al2O3：7％～10％，Fe：14％～18％。
the south African ore comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Cr2O3：40％～43％，SiO2：6％～10％，MgO：11％～14％，Al2O3：12％～15％，Fe：18％～23％。
wherein, the Turkey mine:
for example, the turkey ore may comprise the following components in parts by mass: cr2O3:42.55%, siO2:11.71%, mgO:20.77%, al2O3:8.17%, fe:16.8 percent.
For another example, the turkey ore may comprise the following components in parts by mass: cr2O3:42.07%, siO2:10.64%, mgO:21.53%, al2O3:8.43%, fe:17.33 percent.
As another example, the turkey ore may comprise the following components in parts by mass: cr2O3:41.44%, siO2:11.24%, mgO:21.81%, al2O3:9.06%, fe:16.45 percent.
South African minerals:
illustratively, the south african ore may comprise the following components in parts by mass: cr2O3:41.71%, siO2:9.68%, mgO:13.27%, al2O3:13.13%, fe:22.21 percent.
As another example, the south african ore may include the following components in mass fraction ratio: cr2O3:41.54%, siO2:9.45%, mgO:13.65%, al2O3:14.35%, fe:21.01 percent.
As another example, the south african ore may include the following components in mass fraction ratio: cr2O3:42.07%, siO2:8.15%, mgO:13.66%, al2O3:13.65%, fe:22.47 percent.
The slag former comprises the following components: the adding amount of silica (SiO 2) accounts for 11-13% of the total adding amount, the adding amount of serpentine (MgO. SiO 2) accounts for 3-5% of the total adding amount, the adding amount of cordierite (CaCO 3) accounts for 2-3% of the total adding amount, the adding amount of recycled slag (ferrochrome smelting slag) accounts for 6-9% of the total adding amount, and the binary alkalinity of the slag is controlled to be R = 1.6-1.8.
The reducing agent adopts metallurgical coke and semi coke which are matched for use, the fixed carbon components of the metallurgical coke and the semi coke are both more than 85 percent, and the matching proportion (mass fraction) is as follows: 7. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the smooth operation of the furnace condition, 90 to 100 percent of carbon deficiency operation is adopted.
S102, adding a scrap returns to the furnace bottom through a discharging pipe, wherein the used scrap returns contain 60-80% of the scrap returns and 20-40% of jigged and recovered ferrochromium alloy particles, and the scrap returns are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the graphite hollow electrode 6.
It can be understood that the step is to add the returned materials to the furnace bottom through the blanking pipe around the top electrode of the direct current electric arc furnace, so that the returned materials are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the graphite hollow electrode 6.
S103, lowering the graphite hollow electrode 6 to enable the graphite hollow electrode to be in contact with the returned material, and heating and baking the furnace by utilizing resistance generated by the graphite hollow electrode and the returned material after electrifying, wherein the baking time lasts for 12-36 hours.
S104, after the oven is finished, the graphite hollow electrode 6 is adjusted upwards and is subjected to arc striking, the returned materials are heated to a molten state, and the ferrochrome alloy 10 with the depth not less than 200mm is formed.
S105, adding the ferrochrome pellet, the slagging agent and the reduced coke into the furnace through a discharge pipe, and forming a block covering material 8 with the thickness not less than 200mm to prevent the molten slag from radiating heat to the furnace top and the furnace wall.
S106, forming argon gas flow with preset pressure by using an air compressor, and blowing the mixed powder in the powder bin 1 into the furnace body through the graphite hollow electrode 6 through the conveying pipeline 2 to finish the rapid smelting reaction process, wherein the temperature of the smelting furnace is controlled at 1450-1600 ℃ for smelting.
In the process, the graphite hollow electrode 6 is deeply inserted into the high-temperature slag layer 9, so that raw material powder cannot be pumped away by a dust collecting system through the slag layer 9 and the upper blocky covering material 8, and raw material loss is caused; in the reaction process, high-temperature gas in the furnace is sent into a dust collecting system through a dust collecting port 510 under the negative pressure condition of a hearth, the main component of the purified flue gas is CO, the CO can be used as a material carrying gas to be recycled, and the redundant heat can be recycled through a waste heat boiler.
Wherein, argon and purified electric furnace flue gas (main component CO) are selected as the conveying gas of the powder, the carrier gas pressure is 100 Pa-1000 Pa, the whole hearth is a closed electric arc furnace, and the negative pressure environment is adopted in the furnace to prevent the escape of gas and dust in the furnace.
After a smelting period is finished, discharging the obtained ferrochromium alloy 10 and the slag layer 9 together through an iron outlet to respectively obtain large blocks of ferrochromium alloy 10 and slag; the large ferrochrome 10 is sold as a commodity after finishing, and the ferrochrome slag can be recycled as slag, road building materials and cement additives.
Experiments show that the energy consumption index of the scheme is as follows: the process integrates the 10 power consumption of ferrochrome alloy into 2300 to 2500 degrees/ton; the power consumption of the chromite is 1230-1280 degrees/ton; the recovery rate of metal Cr is 94-96%, and the slag contains Cr 1-3%.
In conclusion, the scheme adopts the direct current electric arc furnace to replace the traditional three-phase alternating current submerged arc furnace, adopts the advanced new technology of carrying powder by the graphite hollow electrode 6 and directly sends smelting raw materials into the central reaction area in the electric arc furnace in a powder mixing way, thereby achieving the purposes of accelerating the smelting reaction rate and reducing the production cost of ferrochrome.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a device of full powder ore smelting preparation high carbon ferrochrome which characterized in that includes:
the furnace body of the direct current electric arc furnace, there is bell in the opening place of upper end of the said furnace body, the underpart has graphite bottom electrode;
the graphite hollow electrode penetrates through the furnace cover, the upper end of the graphite hollow electrode is communicated with the powder bin, and the lower end of the graphite hollow electrode extends to the bottom of the furnace body;
the feed openings vertically penetrate through the furnace cover, and two, three or four feed openings are formed;
and the gas compressor is communicated with a connecting path of the graphite hollow electrode and the powder bin.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the furnace cover is provided with a dust collecting port, and the dust collecting port is communicated with the inside and the outside of the furnace body.
3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the graphite hollow electrode has a diameter of 500mm and a central hole diameter of 50mm.
4. A method for preparing high-carbon ferrochrome through full-powder ore smelting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
feeding the ferrochromium ore powder, the slagging agent and the reducing agent which are prepared according to the preset proportion into a ball mill for fully grinding and mixing, wherein the discharge granularity of the mixed powder is less than or equal to 100 meshes, and feeding the mixed powder into a powder bin for storage;
adding a scrap returns into the furnace bottom through a blanking pipe, so that the scrap returns are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the graphite hollow electrode;
lowering the graphite hollow electrode to make the graphite hollow electrode contact with the returned material, and heating the furnace by using the resistance generated by the graphite hollow electrode and the returned material after electrifying, wherein the furnace drying time lasts for 12-36 hours;
after the oven is finished, the graphite hollow electrode is adjusted upwards and arcing is carried out, the returned material is heated to a molten state, and ferrochrome with the depth of not less than 200mm is formed;
ferrochrome pellet materials, slagging agents and reduced coke are added into the furnace through a discharging pipe, and block covering materials with the thickness not less than 200mm are formed, so that the molten furnace slag is prevented from radiating heat to the furnace top and the furnace wall;
an air compressor is utilized to form argon gas flow with preset pressure, mixed powder in a powder bin is sprayed into a furnace body through a graphite hollow electrode to complete smelting reaction, and the temperature of a smelting furnace is controlled to be 1450-1600 ℃.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein during the reaction, high-temperature gas in the furnace is fed into a dust collecting system through a dust collecting port under the condition of a negative-pressure furnace body.
6. A process according to claim 4, wherein the returned material used comprises ferrochrome smelting slag and jigged recycled ferrochrome alloy particles;
in the smelting process, the graphite hollow electrode is deeply inserted into the high-temperature molten slag on the upper part of the ferrochrome alloy solution, so that raw material powder cannot be pumped away by a dust collecting system through a molten slag layer and upper block-shaped covering materials.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the chromite ore fines include south African fines and Turkish fines;
the mixing ratio of the south Africa fine ore to the Turkish fine ore is one of 9.
8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the turkey ore comprises the following components in mass fraction:
Cr2O3：40％～43％，SiO2：9％～12％，MgO：19％～22％，Al2O3：7％～10％，Fe：14％～18％。
the south African ore comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Cr2O3：40％～43％，SiO2：6％～10％，MgO：11％～14％，Al2O3：12％～15％，Fe：18％～23％。
9. the method of claim 1, wherein the slag former comprises the following components: siO2, mgO-SiO 2, caCO3 and ferrochrome smelting slag.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the reducing agent comprises metallurgical coke and semi-coke, wherein the metallurgical coke and semi-coke have a fixed carbon content of more than 85%, and the metallurgical coke and semi-coke have a mass fraction ratio of one of 7.
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