CN115802737A - Automatic conveying control system and method for mounting PCB (printed Circuit Board) - Google Patents
Automatic conveying control system and method for mounting PCB (printed Circuit Board) Download PDFInfo
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- CN115802737A CN115802737A CN202211353101.8A CN202211353101A CN115802737A CN 115802737 A CN115802737 A CN 115802737A CN 202211353101 A CN202211353101 A CN 202211353101A CN 115802737 A CN115802737 A CN 115802737A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of surface mounting, and particularly discloses an automatic conveying control system and method for mounting a PCB (printed Circuit Board), wherein the system comprises a control unit and a conveying unit; the transmission unit is used for transmitting the PCB; and the control unit is used for performing signal interaction with the upper control unit, receiving signals from the sensor of the transmission unit, and controlling and monitoring the running state of the driving mechanism of the transmission unit according to the signals of the upper control unit and the sensor. According to the control scheme, the PCB can be automatically conveyed to a mounting area after being conveyed from an upstream machine, the PCB can be automatically conveyed to a downstream machine after mounting is finished, meanwhile, the conveying state is monitored in real time, problems possibly occurring in the conveying process of the PCB are monitored and processed by error reporting, the conveying process is automatically adjusted according to the real-time state, a control system for closed-loop feedback is formed, the conveying automation of the PCB is finally realized, the labor for manually receiving and sending the PCB is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of surface mounting, in particular to an automatic conveying control system and method for mounting a PCB.
Background
In surface mount technology, a mounter is generally used to mount a bare Board of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB). In order to realize circuit integration and equipment miniaturization, most of the current industrial circuit boards adopt Surface Mounted Devices (SMD) type components during design, and the components have high integration level and small size, are difficult to weld manually and have low efficiency. Therefore, various surface mounting devices, chip mounters, have appeared in order to improve the production efficiency of finished circuit boards. The transport system is one of the important components in the overall system of the mounter.
The function of the conveying system is to control the upstream machine to convey boards in interaction with the upstream machine, then convey the upstream machine to the bare printed circuit board of the current machine, and convey the bare printed circuit board to the operation position of the mounting head, namely the mounting position. After the bare printed circuit board is mounted, the conveying system interacts with a downstream machine, and when the printed circuit board is conveyed to the downstream machine, whether the downstream machine is successfully conveyed is monitored so as to wait for the subsequent processing procedure of the circuit board.
At present, a chip mounter printed circuit board conveying part does not have a perfect control system for realizing the functions of conveying a printed circuit board card from an upstream machine to a current machine mounting position and conveying the printed circuit board card to a downstream machine after the printed circuit board card is mounted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provides an automatic conveying control system and method for mounting a PCB.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides an automatic transfer control system for mounting a PCB board, the system including a control unit and a transfer unit;
the transfer unit includes:
the conveying track is used for conveying the PCB and is sequentially divided into an incoming track, a mounting track and an outgoing track along the conveying direction; the mounting position is arranged on the mounting rail;
the lifting mechanism is arranged on the mounting track corresponding to the mounting position and used for lifting the PCB when the PCB is conveyed to the mounting position;
a plurality of sensors for detecting the position of the PCB on the conveying track and transmitting a position signal to the control unit;
the driving mechanism is in signal connection with the control unit and is used for driving the transmission rail and the lifting mechanism;
and the control unit is used for performing signal interaction with the upper control unit, receiving signals of the sensor, and controlling and monitoring the running state of the driving mechanism according to the signals of the upper control unit and the sensor.
The second aspect of the present invention provides an automatic transfer control method for mounting a PCB, based on the above automatic transfer control system for mounting a PCB, comprising the steps of:
after a transmission track of the transmission unit receives a PCB pushed upstream, the transmission track triggers a sensor to send a receiving signal to a control unit, and the control unit feeds back the signal to an upper main control unit;
the control unit receives a PCB (printed circuit board) incoming instruction from the upper main control unit, controls the conveying track through the driving mechanism to carry out an incoming flow, and sends the PCB to a mounting position;
the control unit controls the lifting mechanism to lift through the driving mechanism so that the PCB leaves the conveying track and feeds back to the upper main control unit to finish the transmission;
the control unit receives a transmission instruction from the upper-layer main control unit, controls the lifting mechanism to descend so that the PCB is positioned on the transmission track and controls the transmission track to enter a transmission flow;
after the transmission flow is finished, the control unit feeds back the PCB to the upper main control unit to complete transmission.
Through the technical scheme, the control method can be applied to control of the chip mounter PCB conveying structure. According to the control scheme, the PCB can be automatically conveyed to a mounting area after being conveyed from an upstream machine, the PCB can be automatically conveyed to a downstream machine after mounting is finished, meanwhile, the conveying state is monitored in real time, problems possibly occurring in the conveying process of the PCB are monitored and processed by error reporting, the conveying process is automatically adjusted according to the real-time state, a control system for closed-loop feedback is formed, the conveying automation of the PCB is finally realized, the labor for manually receiving and sending the PCB is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conveyor system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a hardware control board according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a signal flow diagram of the ADDA voltage regulation module of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of information interaction between the control system of the present invention and the upper layer main control unit and upstream and downstream machines;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating an incoming flow of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of an outgoing flow of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the lifting platform of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a splint of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. an upstream machine; 2. a downstream machine; 31. a first sensor; 32. a second sensor; 33. a third sensor; 34. a fourth sensor; 35. a fifth sensor; 36. a sixth sensor; 4. a lifting platform; 5. a frame; 6. a conveyor belt; 7. a servo transmission structure; 8. a mounting plane; 9. a clamping plate transmission structure; 10. a splint; 11. transferring the light into a track; 12. mounting a rail; 13. and (4) transmitting the rail out.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
A first aspect of the present invention provides an automatic transfer control system for mounting a PCB panel, as shown in fig. 1, the system including a control unit and a transfer unit, the transfer unit including a transfer rail, a lifting mechanism, a plurality of sensors, and a driving mechanism.
The drive mechanism includes at least 5 servo-actuators, a plurality of pneumatic assemblies and a magnetic switch. The servo transmission mechanism can be a servo motor, a stepping motor and the like, and the pneumatic assembly can be an air cylinder, a pressure regulating valve and the like.
The plurality of sensors, including the first sensor 31, the second sensor 32, the third sensor 33, the fourth sensor 34, the fifth sensor 35 and the sixth sensor 36, are located at the incoming end and the outgoing end of the incoming rail 11, the incoming end and the outgoing end of the mounting rail 12, and the incoming end and the outgoing end of the outgoing rail 13 in sequence from left to right as shown in fig. 1. Generally a photo sensor is used, more preferably a defined reflective photo sensor, for detecting the position of the PCB board as it is transported to the track and sending a position signal to said control unit, which can be regarded as a feedback part in the transport control system.
As shown in fig. 1, the conveying track is used for conveying the PCB and is formed by two parallel frames 5 into a basic track prototype, and because PCB boards with different widths need to be adapted, one side of the parallel frame 5 is fixed, and the other side of the parallel frame 5 can move relative to the fixed frame 5 through a servo transmission structure, thereby finally realizing the width adjusting function. The frames 5 with parallel two sides are respectively provided with a conveyor belt 6 with a narrow conveying surface, only two side edges of the PCB are contacted with the conveyor belts 6, the PCB is conveyed to a certain direction by the friction force between the edges of the PCB and the conveyor belts 6, and the conveyor belts 6 run by utilizing a servo transmission structure to realize the conveying work. Taking fig. 1 as an example, the conveying track is divided into three sections, and the positions of every two sensors from left to right can be regarded as that on one section of track, the two parallel vertical dotted lines in the figure are used as boundaries, and the section is divided into an incoming track 11, a mounting track 12 and an outgoing track 13 in sequence along the conveying direction, i.e. from left to right in fig. 1, as shown in fig. 1. In the figure, the area indicated by the arrow below the label "11" is an incoming track, the area indicated by the arrow below the label "12" is a mounting track, and the area indicated by the arrow below the label "13" is an outgoing track 13. The incoming track 11 is used for conveying the PCB which is conveyed to the position of the sensor I from the upstream to the mounting track, and the mounting track 12 is used for conveying the PCB to the junction of the sensor IV and the sensor V, namely the mounting position; after the bare PCB is mounted, the mounting rail transmits the PCB to the outgoing rail, and the outgoing rail 13 continues to transmit to a downstream machine to receive the PCB.
The lifting mechanism comprises a lifting platform 4 and a clamping plate 10 which are matched for use, the lifting platform 4 is a rectangular plane which can vertically move up and down, a dotted line frame area shown in figure 1 is the position of the lifting platform 4, the lifting platform 4 is arranged on a mounting plane 8 and driven to lift by a servo transmission structure 7 as shown in figure 7, and the servo transmission structure is mainly used for providing upward support for a PCB in a mounting area. The clamping plates 10 are arranged on two sides of the mounting position, can clamp two side edges of the PCB, enable the two side edges to be separated from the conveyor belt 6 and fixed, and are used for clamping the PCB to enable the PCB to be separated from the conveying track, as shown in fig. 8, the clamping plates 10 on one side of the mounting position are arranged, the clamping plates 10 on the two sides are also arranged on the other corresponding side of the mounting position and matched with each other to be clamped or loosened, and the clamping plates 10 are driven by the clamping plate transmission structure 9.
Preferably, the PCB conveying direction can be determined according to the arrangement positions of the upstream machine and the downstream machine; in order to ensure that the PCB can be accurately stopped in a fixed mounting area, a controllable gear pin is additionally arranged at the junction of the sensor four and the sensor five, a pneumatic control structure is adopted, and an air cylinder is preferably selected. The plunger post in the cylinder can play the effect of shelves round pin post, and the plunger post rises on PCB board conveying advancing direction, blocks the PCB board and continues to advance to realize stopping accurate function.
And the control unit is used for performing signal interaction with the upper control unit, receiving the signal of the third sensor, and controlling and monitoring the running state of the driving mechanism according to the signals of the upper control unit and the third sensor. The main control module of the control unit is a hardware control board, and the board card functional modules are composed as shown in fig. 2 and comprise a main chip, a communication interface module, a sensor and magnetic switch detection signal module, a pneumatic component driving module, an ADDA pressure regulating module and an upstream and downstream machine interaction interface module.
The board card is powered by industrial direct current weak current, and is generally 24V; after the board card is connected, the power supply module performs voltage reduction processing to respectively supply power to the main chip and each interface module.
The main chip selects an FPGA (field programmable gate array) chip, can perform parallel work on a plurality of interface modules, processes information of each interface module and improves the working efficiency of the control system.
The communication interface module is mainly used for communicating with a servo driver in a servo transmission system, generally adopts an RS485 or RS422 physical link, and the link adopts a twisted pair differential transmission line, so that a longer communication transmission distance and higher anti-interference characteristic can be provided in the industry. A typical off-the-shelf drive may support this type of communication interface. In addition, a Modbus protocol is generally adopted to perform instruction interaction and realize information transmission. Therefore, the control of the servo motor and the reading of the state and the position of the servo motor can be realized by adopting a point-to-point communication mode according to a protocol provided by the servo driver. Meanwhile, the communication interface module interacts with the upper-layer main control unit, receives the information of the printed circuit board, the command of pushing the printed circuit board by the upstream machine 1, the command of transmitting the printed circuit board and transmitting the printed circuit board, and the like, and uploads the information of the transmission system through the communication interface.
The sensor and the magnetic switch detect the signal module, the sensor on the transfer orbit is three to choose to limit the reflecting type photoelectric sensor generally, this kind of sensor sends out the light, receive the light reflected back by the object, realize the detection that the front of the sensor has objects, it has printed circuit board to use here to detect; the magnetic switch is generally used in combination with the air cylinder, and when a plug magnetic ring in the air cylinder moves to the installation position of the magnetic switch, the magnetic switch responds. Thus, magnetic switches are also a type of sensor. The sensor generally needs 24V input power supply, the output signal generally has two states of high resistance and conduction, and the conduction state is output when a target is detected; and when the target is not detected, outputting a high-resistance state. The sensor and the magnetic switch signal interface circuit process the two signals into signals which can be identified by the FPGA, and finally the signals are sent to the FPGA for signal processing.
The pneumatic component driving module is used for driving the pneumatic components in the conveying system, and the pneumatic components are driven by a pneumatic electromagnetic valve generally; the standard pneumatic electromagnetic valve is driven by 24V voltage, the interior of the standard pneumatic electromagnetic valve is similar to a relay structure, and the air passage is changed by suction release to realize the control of the pneumatic component; the main chip FPGA outputs high and low level signals, the signals are processed by the pneumatic component driving module to realize pneumatic electromagnetic valve control, and finally, pneumatic component control is realized.
The device comprises an ADDA (Analog to Digital, digital to Analog) voltage regulating module, a voltage regulating module and a control module, wherein the voltage regulating module mainly controls an electric pressure regulating valve, when 0-5V voltage is input to the electric pressure regulating valve, the air pressure of an output air path of the pressure regulating valve is transformed along with the input voltage, and simultaneously, 1-5V voltage is fed back and is in a linear proportional relation with the output voltage regulation; the module is basically composed as shown in fig. 3, and is internally provided with an AD conversion chip and a DA conversion chip for sampling 1-5V voltage and outputting 0-5V voltage; the ADDA pressure regulating module is used for realizing pressure regulating control of the clamping plate.
An upstream machine 1 generally adopts industrial 24V/0V trigger pulse or short-circuit trigger pulse; the main chip transmits the signal to an upstream and downstream machine interactive interface module, and the module outputs the type of the trigger signal required by the upstream machine 1 to realize the function of pushing the printed circuit board by the upstream machine 1; the downstream machine 2 generally gives a feedback signal, the feedback signal is generally 24V/0V, or in two states of high resistance and conduction, the upstream and downstream machine interactive interface module is compatible with the two types of signal detection, and sends the processed signal to the main chip for processing.
The PCB conveying system needs 5 transmission structures to work, wherein 1 transmission structure acts on the frame to move, 1 transmission structure acts on the lifting platform, and the other 3 transmission structures act on the conveying belt to divide the conveying track into 3 sections for conveying control; 3 pneumatic structure subassembly auxiliary work, 2 of them act on shelves round pin post, 2 shelves round pin post distribute in sensor two and three juncture and sensor four and five juncture of sensor, another acts on splint.
The second aspect of the present invention provides an automatic conveying control method for mounting a PCB, the steps of the method are based on the above automatic conveying control system for mounting a PCB, the steps of the method are also the working principle of the above control system, and the method comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 4, the upper layer main control unit performs information interaction with the control unit in the control system, the upper layer main control unit loads the width information of the PCB, and then sends a width adjusting instruction to the control unit of the control system, and the control system feeds back to the upper layer whether the width adjustment is completed; after receiving the width adjustment completion, the upper layer issues an upstream machine PCB pushing instruction, the control system interacts with the upstream machine so as to control the upstream machine to push the PCB, and when the control unit of the control system monitors that the sensor is activated, the upper layer feeds back the upstream machine to complete the pushing of the PCB; the upper layer continuously issues a PCB board incoming instruction, after the control system receives the instruction, the control system controls the work of each component according to the PCB board incoming flow plan, and after the command is transmitted to the mounting position, the upper layer feeds back the incoming command to be completed; after the upper layer receives the completion of the transmission of the PCB, the upper layer controls other modules to complete the pasting work, and after the upper layer judges that the pasting is completed and the PCB can be transmitted out, a PCB transmission instruction is sent to a control system; and after receiving the PCB transmission instruction, the control system executes PCB transmission according to the transmission flow plan, and feeds back the PCB to an upper layer after monitoring that the downstream machine finishes board receiving and transmitting.
Further, the control system performs PCB board transfer flow planning as shown in fig. 5: firstly, a control unit of a control system loads PCB width information to control a width adjusting motor to adjust the width, monitors whether the width adjusting motor moves in place after monitoring that the width adjusting motor stops, and enters an error reporting mechanism if the width adjusting motor does not move in place to feed back the width adjusting transmission part to control abnormity; if the PCB moves in place, the control system interacts with an upstream machine and sends a PCB pushing trigger signal to the upstream machine; after the first sensor is sent, monitoring a first sensor signal, waiting for the first sensor to be activated, judging that the upstream machine fails to push the PCB if the first sensor is not activated within a fixed time, and sending a PCB pushing trigger signal to the upstream machine again until the first sensor is activated and the PCB in the upstream machine enters the position of the first sensor; then the control system controls the motor of the incoming track to move and the gear pin column to rise, whether the incoming track is in motion and the gear pin column is in place within the appointed time is monitored, the gear pin column motion in place monitoring is monitored through a magnetic switch matched with the air cylinder, when the gear pin column rises in place, the magnetic switch at the position where the gear pin column rises in place is activated, the magnetic switch at the position where the gear pin column descends in place is not activated, and therefore the gear pin column is judged to rise in place; if the state of the first sensor is normal, continuously monitoring whether the first sensor is converted from activation to deactivation, when the state of the first sensor is changed, indicating that the transmission of the PCB passes through a track area corresponding to the position of the first sensor, and if the first sensor is still activated within a set time, judging that the PCB stays at the position of the first sensor all the time, and entering an error reporting mechanism; if the state of the sensor II is normal, entering state monitoring of the sensor II, and after waiting for a fixed time, entering an error reporting mechanism if the sensor II is not activated all the time, and judging that the PCB is clamped at a track between the sensor I and the sensor II; if the second sensor is activated within a fixed time, the control system controls the motor of the mounting rail to transmit, monitors whether the mounting rail is in a motion state within the fixed time, and enters an error reporting mechanism if the mounting rail is not in the motion state; if yes, entering the state monitoring of a sensor III; similarly, after waiting for a fixed time, if the third sensor is always in an inactivated state, judging that the PCB is clamped between the second sensor and the third sensor, and entering an error reporting mechanism; and if the third sensor is activated, continuously monitoring whether the sensor is switched into an inactive state after a certain time, and judging whether the PCB is clamped at the position of the third sensor or not so as to determine whether an error reporting mechanism is entered or not.
When the third sensor is monitored to be switched from activation to non-activation, the PCB can be judged to completely enter the mounting track, the control system controls the incoming track to stop at the moment, whether the incoming track stops within the specified time is monitored, and if not, an error reporting mechanism is started; if yes, starting to monitor whether the sensor IV is activated, waiting for a fixed time, judging that the PCB is clamped in a track area between the sensor III and the sensor IV if the sensor IV is not activated, and entering an error reporting mechanism; if the sensor IV is activated, the control system controls the mounting track to decelerate to a minimum transmission speed for movement, and the step is to enable the PCB to touch the gear pin at a slow speed so as to prevent the PCB from being shifted due to the fact that the PCB is impacted at a high speed; and after the mounting rail is monitored to be conveyed at a low speed, timing is started, the timing time is up after the PCB can be conveyed to the touch stop pin, and the control system controls the mounting rail to stop. In the above, the stopping position of the PCB is also accurate, that is, the PCB stops at the left side of the area where the stop pin is located, and the PCB is determined as a mounting area.
After the control system controls the surface-mounted track to stop, monitoring whether the state of a track motor is in a stop state, and if not, entering an error reporting mechanism; if yes, the control system controls the clamping plate device to clamp the PCB, the clamping plate is judged to be clamped in place when waiting for fixed time, an external air path of the clamping plate is a pressure-adjustable air path, pressure adjustment is controlled by the control system, and the purpose of pressure adjustment is to control clamping strength of the clamping plate so as to avoid damage to clamping of PCBs of different thicknesses; and then the control system controls the lifting platform to ascend to a specified height, upward support is provided for the PCB, whether the lifting platform moves in place after being static is monitored, if yes, the PCB is judged to be finished in the process of transferring, and if not, an error reporting mechanism is started.
The above process realizes the basic flow planning that the PCB enters the current machine from the upstream machine and is conveyed to the mounting position.
Further, the control system performs the PCB outgoing flow planning as shown in fig. 6: firstly, the control system needs to judge whether the sensor is activated, when the sensor is activated, the current mounting area is judged to have a PCB, the PCB can be transmitted, when the sensor is not activated, the control system considers that the current track position has no PCB, and the control system enters an error reporting mechanism. When the activation of the sensor IV is monitored, the control system controls the clamping plate to loosen, the clamping plate is also an air cylinder transmission assembly, and when the activation of the magnetic switch corresponding to the loosening position is monitored, the next step is carried out; if the detection result is not monitored within a fixed time, entering an error reporting mechanism; and after the clamping plate is loosened, the control system controls the lifting platform to descend to a specified position, after the lifting platform is monitored to be in a motion state, the coordinate of the lifting platform relative to the original point is continuously monitored, when the height of the lifting platform is lower than a certain fixed height, whether a fifth sensor and a sixth sensor on the outgoing track are in an activated state or not is monitored, if so, the outgoing track is judged to have a PCB, and the process is ended.
If the fifth sensor and the sixth sensor on the outgoing track are not activated, waiting for the lifting platform to be static, monitoring whether the lifting platform is in place after being static, and entering an error reporting mechanism if the lifting platform is not in place; if the gear pin is in place, the control system controls the gear pin to descend, waits for a fixed time, and enters an error reporting mechanism if the gear pin does not descend to the place; if the gear pin column normally descends, the control system controls the transmission of the mounting rail and the transmission rail, when the motion states of the two rails are monitored, the state monitoring of the sensor IV is started, the fixed time is waited for, and if the sensor IV is always in the activated state, an error reporting mechanism is started; if the sensor IV is changed from activation to deactivation, monitoring the state of the sensor V, and still waiting for a fixed time, and if the sensor V is always in the deactivated state, entering an error reporting mechanism; if the fifth sensor is changed from non-activation to activation, the control system judges that the PCB reaches a fifth sensor track area; continuously monitoring the fifth sensor until the fifth sensor is changed from activation to deactivation, and judging that the PCB completely enters the outgoing track by the control system; if the time is out, an error is reported.
After the control system judges that the PCB completely enters the outgoing track, the mounting track is controlled to stop, and whether the mounting track stops within a fixed time or not is monitored; when the mounting rail normally stops, the control system monitors the state of the sensor six and waits for the activation of the sensor six to judge that the PCB is conveyed to the sensor rail area; when the sixth sensor is monitored to be activated, continuously monitoring when the sixth sensor is switched into the non-activation state, and if the sensor state does not present the target state within the waiting fixed time, controlling the system to enter an error reporting mechanism; when the sixth sensor is monitored to be activated, the control system controls the outgoing track to stop, monitors the track state, enters a downstream machine after the track state is successfully stopped to receive a feedback signal of the PCB, and reports an error if the feedback signal of the downstream machine is not received; and if the downstream machine feeds back the activation signal of the received PCB and the feedback signal is switched to be inactive after a fixed time, the PCB transmission flow is finished.
The error reporting mechanism in the control system mainly acts on PCB transmission flow tracking, the control system encodes different error information through the control unit, the encoded information is uploaded and finally displayed on a man-machine interaction interface of the upper control unit after errors are monitored, the transmission unit of the whole machine enters an emergency stop state, the encoded corresponding information display can provide complete error information description and guide a method for manually troubleshooting, and the whole machine production can be recovered quickly to the maximum extent.
The above is a flow plan of the PCB being delivered from the mounting position and being transferred to the downstream machine.
In summary, the technical scheme of the invention can be applied to control of a chip mounter PCB transmission structure, can realize that a PCB is automatically transmitted to a mounting area after being transmitted from an upstream machine, is automatically transmitted to a downstream machine after being mounted, simultaneously monitors the transmission state in real time, monitors and reports errors of problems possibly occurring in the PCB transmission process, automatically adjusts the transmission process according to the real-time state, forms a closed-loop feedback control system, finally realizes the transmission automation of the PCB, reduces the labor of manually receiving and transmitting the PCB, and improves the production efficiency.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, numerous simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of the individual specific technical features in any suitable manner. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. Such simple modifications and combinations should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure as well.
Claims (13)
1. An automatic conveying control system for mounting a PCB is characterized by comprising a control unit and a conveying unit;
the transfer unit includes:
the conveying track is used for conveying the PCB and is sequentially divided into an incoming track, a mounting track and an outgoing track along the conveying direction; the mounting position is arranged on the mounting rail;
the lifting mechanism is arranged on the mounting rail corresponding to the mounting position and used for lifting the PCB when the PCB is conveyed to the mounting position;
a plurality of sensors for detecting the position of the PCB on the conveying track and transmitting a position signal to the control unit;
the driving mechanism is in signal connection with the control unit and is used for driving the transmission rail and the lifting mechanism;
and the control unit is used for performing signal interaction with the upper control unit, receiving signals of the sensor, and controlling and monitoring the running state of the driving mechanism according to the signals of the upper control unit and the sensor.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the conveyor track comprises two parallel frames, a conveyor belt mounted on the frames; one side frame is fixedly arranged, and the other side frame can move relative to the one side frame through the servo transmission mechanism, so that the width of the conveying track is adjustable; two ends of the PCB are respectively pressed on the two conveyor belts.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the elevating mechanism comprises an elevating platform and clamping plates disposed at both sides of the mounting position for clamping the PCB to be separated from the transfer rail; the lifting platform is lifted through the driving mechanism and is used for being matched with the clamping plate to lift the PCB.
4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the delivery end of the mounting position is provided with a blocking pin, and the blocking pin can block the PCB at the mounting position when the blocking pin is lifted and descended by the driving mechanism.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors comprises a first sensor, a second sensor, a third sensor, a fourth sensor, a fifth sensor and a sixth sensor, which are sequentially located at the incoming track incoming end and the outgoing end, the mounting track incoming end and the outgoing end, and the outgoing track incoming end and the outgoing end.
6. The system of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the drive mechanism comprises at least 5 servo-actuators, a plurality of pneumatic components, and a magnetic switch; the sensor is a defined reflective photosensor.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the control unit comprises:
the communication interface module is in signal connection with the upper-layer main control unit and the servo transmission mechanism;
the upstream and downstream machine interaction interface module is in signal connection with the upstream machine and the downstream machine;
the sensor and magnetic switch detection signal module is in signal connection with the magnetic switch and the sensor;
and the pneumatic component driving module is in signal connection with the pneumatic component.
8. An automatic transfer control method for mounting a PCB board, based on the system of any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
after a transmission track of the transmission unit receives a PCB pushed upstream, the transmission track triggers a sensor to send a receiving signal to a control unit, and the control unit feeds back the signal to an upper main control unit;
the control unit receives a PCB board transmitting-in instruction from the upper-layer main control unit, controls the conveying track to perform transmitting-in process through the driving mechanism, and transmits the PCB board to the mounting position;
the control unit controls the lifting mechanism to lift through the driving mechanism so that the PCB leaves the conveying track and feeds back the PCB to the upper-layer main control unit to finish the transmission;
the control unit receives a transmission instruction from the upper main control unit, controls the lifting mechanism to descend to enable the PCB to be positioned on the transmission track and controls the transmission track to enter a transmission flow;
after the transmission flow is finished, the control unit feeds back the PCB to the upper main control unit to complete transmission.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the incoming flow is as follows: after the PCB enters a first incoming track sensor to be activated, the control unit controls the first incoming track to move and the stop pin to rise, whether the first incoming track is in motion and the stop pin rises in place within a specified time is monitored, if not, an error reporting mechanism is entered, abnormal control of the first incoming track or abnormal control of the stop pin is fed back, if yes, the state of the first sensor is monitored, and if the first sensor is kept activated within a specified time, the PCB is judged to stay at the position of the first sensor, and the error reporting mechanism is entered; if the first sensor is changed from activation to non-activation, monitoring the state of the second sensor, after waiting for a preset time, if the second sensor is not activated, judging that the PCB is clamped at a track between the first sensor and the second sensor, entering an error reporting mechanism, if the second sensor is activated within the preset time, controlling the motion of the mounting track by a control unit, monitoring whether the mounting track is in a motion state within the preset time, if the mounting track is not in the motion state within the preset time, entering the error reporting mechanism, and if the mounting track is in the motion state within the preset time, monitoring the state of the third sensor; after waiting for a preset time, if the third sensor is always in an inactive state, judging that the PCB is clamped between the second sensor and the third sensor, entering an error reporting mechanism, and if the third sensor is activated, continuously monitoring whether the third sensor is switched into an inactive state after the preset time; when the third sensor is monitored to be switched into an inactive state from an active state, the PCB can be judged to completely enter the mounting track, the control unit controls the incoming track to stop moving at the moment, whether the incoming track stops moving within a specified time is monitored, and if the incoming track does not stop moving within the specified time, an error reporting mechanism is started; if the incoming track stops within the instruction time, monitoring whether the sensor is activated; after waiting for the preset time, if the fourth sensor is not activated, judging that the PCB is clamped between the third sensor and the fourth sensor, entering an error reporting mechanism, if the fourth sensor is activated, controlling the surface mounting track to decelerate to a preset speed by the control unit, starting timing after monitoring that the surface mounting track is conveyed at the preset speed, finishing timing after the timing time meets the condition that the PCB can be conveyed to the touch gear pin, and controlling the surface mounting track to stop by the control unit; monitoring whether the surface-mounted track stops or not, if not, entering an error reporting mechanism, if so, controlling the clamping plate to clamp the PCB, and waiting for a preset time to judge that the clamping plate is clamped in place; and then the control system controls the lifting platform to ascend to a specified height, upward support is provided for the PCB, whether the lifting platform moves in place after being static is monitored, if yes, the PCB is judged to be transmitted into the process to be finished, and if not, an error reporting mechanism is started.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising, prior to the introduction, broadening, as follows: the control unit loads PCB width information, controls the width adjusting motor to adjust the width of the conveying track, monitors whether the conveying track moves in place or not after monitoring that the width adjusting motor stops, enters an error reporting mechanism if the conveying track does not move in place, and feeds back the width adjusting transmission part to control abnormity; if the PCB moves in place, the control unit interacts with an upstream machine and sends a trigger signal for pushing the PCB to the upstream machine.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the outgoing flow is as follows: the control unit judges whether the sensor IV is activated, judges that a PCB is in the current mounting area when the sensor IV is activated and can carry out the transmission work of the PCB, judges that no PCB exists in the mounting position when the sensor IV is not activated and enters an error reporting mechanism; after the sensor IV is activated, the control unit controls the clamping plate to be loosened, when the magnetic switch at the clamping plate loosening position is monitored to be activated, the next step is carried out, and if the magnetic switch at the clamping plate loosening position is not monitored to be activated within the appointed time, an error reporting mechanism is carried out; the control unit controls the lifting platform to descend to a specified position after the clamping plate is loosened, continues to monitor the coordinate of the lifting platform relative to the original point after monitoring that the lifting platform is in a motion state, monitors whether a fifth sensor and a sixth sensor are in an activated state or not after the height of the lifting platform is lower than a specified height, judges that a PCB (printed circuit board) exists in a transmission track if the fifth sensor and the sixth sensor are in the activated state, and finishes the process; if the fifth sensor and the sixth sensor on the outgoing track are not activated, waiting for the lifting platform to be static, and monitoring whether the lifting platform is in place or not after the lifting platform is static; if the lifting platform is not in place, entering an error reporting mechanism, and if the lifting platform is in place, controlling the gear pin column to descend by the control unit; waiting for a specified time, entering an error reporting mechanism if the gear pin does not descend to the position, controlling the motion of the surface mounting track and the outgoing track by the control unit if the gear pin descends normally, and monitoring the state of the sensor IV when the motion of the surface mounting track and the outgoing track is monitored; waiting for a specified time, if the sensor four is always in an activated state, entering an error reporting mechanism, and if the sensor four is changed from activated to inactivated, monitoring the state of the sensor five; waiting for a specified time, entering an error reporting mechanism if the fifth sensor is always in an inactivated state, and judging that the PCB reaches a fifth sensor track area by the control system if the fifth sensor is changed from an inactivated state to an activated state; continuously monitoring the fifth sensor until the fifth sensor is changed from activation to deactivation, judging that the PCB completely enters the outgoing track by the control system, and entering an error reporting mechanism if the outgoing track is overtime; after the control system judges that the PCB completely enters the outgoing track, the mounting track is controlled to stop, and whether the mounting track stops within a fixed time or not is monitored; when the mounting rail is normally stopped, monitoring the state of a sensor six; if the sensor six is activated, the PCB is judged to be transmitted to the position of the sensor six of the outgoing track; when the sixth sensor is monitored to be activated, the sixth sensor state is continuously monitored, if the sixth sensor does not become the non-activated state within the specified time, the control unit enters an error reporting mechanism, and when the sixth sensor is monitored to become the non-activated state, the control unit controls the outgoing track to stop running and monitors the motion state of the outgoing track; if the outgoing track is successfully stopped, monitoring whether a downstream machine feeds back a received signal of the PCB or not, if the received signal is not monitored, entering an error reporting mechanism, and if the received signal is monitored and the received signal is switched to be inactive after a fixed time, completing the outgoing flow of the PCB.
12. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein after the conveying track of the conveying unit receives the PCB board pushed upstream, the sensor is triggered to send a receiving signal to the control unit, and the control unit feeds back to the upper main control unit as follows:
after the upper-layer main control unit loads the width information of the PCB, a width adjusting instruction is sent to the control unit, and the control unit feeds back whether the width adjustment is finished or not to the upper-layer main control unit; after the upper main control unit receives the width adjustment completion, a PCB pushing instruction is sent to the upstream machine through the control unit, the control unit interacts with the upstream machine to control the upstream machine to push the PCB, and when the control unit monitors that the sensor of the incoming track is activated, the upstream machine is fed back to the upper main control unit to push the PCB.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the error reporting mechanism is used for PCB board transport flow tracking, and specifically comprises: the control unit encodes different error information, feeds back the encoded information to the upper control unit when errors are monitored, and controls the transmission unit to enter an emergency stop state.
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| CN115802737B (en) | 2023-04-28 |
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