CN115788316A - Propelling and crushing device for drilling hard rock layer - Google Patents

Propelling and crushing device for drilling hard rock layer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115788316A
CN115788316A CN202310084695.5A CN202310084695A CN115788316A CN 115788316 A CN115788316 A CN 115788316A CN 202310084695 A CN202310084695 A CN 202310084695A CN 115788316 A CN115788316 A CN 115788316A
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China
Prior art keywords
cutter
tunneling
cutter head
cone crusher
protective cylinder
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CN202310084695.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
丁智
胡英涛
汤慧萍
车良鹏
王震
钱海敏
许教明
郭卉君
丁超
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Zhejiang University City College ZUCC
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Zhejiang University City College ZUCC
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Priority to CN202310084695.5A priority Critical patent/CN115788316A/en
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Abstract

The invention relates to a propelling and crushing device for drilling a hard rock layer, which comprises: the device comprises a cutter head, a cutter, a cone crusher, a hydraulic motor and a tunneling protective cylinder; the cutter head is arranged at the foremost end of the tunneling protective cylinder, the cone crusher is arranged in the tunneling protective cylinder, and the hydraulic motor is connected with the tail part of the cone crusher from the rear part of the tunneling protective cylinder. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the cone crusher is arranged behind the cutter head and works synchronously, and the cutter head is used for further grinding the hard rock layer after primarily crushing the hard rock layer, so that the hardness breaking and crushing efficiency of the propelling crushing device is greatly improved, and the loss of a cutter on the cutter head is reduced; the head of the cone crusher is of a conical structure, and each layer of edge of the conical structure is provided with an arc-shaped bulge, so that the wear resistance of the surface of the head of the cone crusher is improved, and the integral crushing effect of the device is improved; and (4) scouring and cooling the silt and the stones attached in the tunneling protective cylinder through a high-pressure water column.

Description

Propelling and crushing device for drilling hard rock layer
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of drilling of soil layers or rocks, and particularly relates to a propelling crushing device for drilling of hard rock layers.
Background
When oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable substances are extracted in soil layers or rock layers, the drilling tool mainly realizes tunneling through extrusion shearing and the like of various cutters arranged on a cutter head on rock-soil bodies, and the cutter head is a core component of the drilling tool; the cutter head usually comprises a cutter head body, a cutter and the like, wherein the cutter head body is formed by welding steel structures, and the cutter comprises a hob, a cutter, a scraper and the like. In the traditional drilling tool, a hob, a scraper and the like on a cutter head are positioned on the same plane in the tunneling process, so that the hob and the scraper are in contact with a rock stratum at the same time, the hob and the scraper are rapidly abraded, and the service life of the cutter head is seriously influenced.
CN113195864A proposes a cutter head device, which comprises a cavity surrounded by a concave circular-surface-shaped cutter head side wall, wherein the edge of the cutter head side wall is drilled first, and then soil and rock in the drilling range enter the cutter head side wall cavity to be further crushed, but in the hard rock stratum, the cutter head device is difficult to drill the hard rock stratum to an appropriate size in the initial stage, so that the crushing effect of the cutter in the cutter head side wall cavity is difficult to be exerted.
CN212689974U proposes a digging cutter head and a tunneling machine, wherein a secondary crushing mechanism is arranged on the rear end face of a cutter head body, and soil slag blocks are further crushed through active crushing blocks and passive crushing blocks which are matched with each other, so that the grain size of slag is limited; however, the device has higher requirements on the cutting capability of the cutter head body, the secondary crushing mechanism only plays a role in assisting in crushing slag, and the tunneling process has huge loss on the cutter head body.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a rock drilling and crushing device with long service life and improved construction efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a propelling crushing device for drilling hard rock formations.
The propelling crushing device for drilling the hard rock layer comprises a cutter head, a cutter, a cone crusher, a hydraulic motor and a tunneling protective cylinder; the cutter head is arranged at the foremost end of the tunneling protective cylinder, the cone crusher is arranged in the tunneling protective cylinder, and the hydraulic motor is connected with the tail part of the cone crusher from the rear part of the tunneling protective cylinder;
the cutter head comprises a cutter head body, a front cutter groove, an edge cutter groove and a stone feeding port, the cutter head body is circular, a plurality of front cutter grooves are arranged on a symmetry axis of the cutter head body, and the edge of the cutter head body at two sides of the front cutter grooves are symmetrically provided with the edge cutter groove; a plurality of groups of cutters are respectively arranged on the cutter head body through the front cutter groove and the edge cutter groove, and a plurality of stone feeding ports are circumferentially and symmetrically arranged on the front surface of the cutter head body;
the cone crusher is rotationally connected with the tunneling protective barrel, the head of the cone crusher is of a conical structure, the conical structure of the head of the cone crusher comprises a plurality of layers, the size of each layer is gradually increased from front to back, and a plurality of arc-shaped bulges are arranged on the edge of each layer;
the tunneling protective barrel is provided with a flushing port and a sand sucking port, wherein the flushing port is arranged on the barrel wall of the front section of the tunneling protective barrel, and the sand sucking port is arranged on the barrel wall of the tunneling protective barrel behind the flushing port; the flushing port is connected with a high-pressure water pump, and the sand sucking port is connected with a vacuum pump.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the diameter of the cutter head is larger than or equal to that of the tunneling protective cylinder; the front cutter grooves, the edge cutter grooves and the stone feeding ports are symmetrically arranged on the cutter head body, and the arrangement direction of the cutters on the front cutter grooves is perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the front cutter grooves.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the quantity and the positions of the stone feeding ports are determined according to the quantity and the positions of the edge cutter grooves on the two sides of the front cutter groove, and the stone feeding ports are formed in the two sides of a connecting line of the edge cutter grooves and the center of the cutter head body; the edge of the stone feeding port is provided with a fillet transition; along the reverse direction of the drilling of the propelling and crushing device, the edge of the stone feeding port is a slope surface which is gathered inwards.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the edge parts of the cutter disc body on the two sides of the front cutter groove are respectively provided with an edge cutter groove, and the cutter disc body is provided with four stone feeding ports.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the cone crusher is connected with the inner wall of the tunneling protective cylinder through a gear, and the angle of the conical structure of the head part of the cone crusher is 120-150 degrees.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the surface of the cutter head is provided with a wear-resistant layer made of manganese steel, and the surface of the head of the cone crusher is provided with a tungsten carbide coating.
The use method of the propelling crushing device for drilling the hard rock layer comprises the following steps:
step one, starting a device: propelling the crushing device to enter a hard rock stratum, rotating the cutter head under the driving of a motor, and starting a hydraulic motor to enable a cone crusher in the tunneling protective cylinder to start to rotate;
step two, preliminary cutting: the cutter head rotates to drive cutters arranged on the front cutter groove and the edge cutter groove to cut and crush the hard rock stratum in front into stones with different volumes;
step three, secondary grinding: after the preliminary cutting, the stone blocks enter the tunneling protective cylinder through a stone block feeding port, secondary grinding is carried out by a cone crusher, and the stone blocks are ground into smaller particles;
step four, continuing drilling: and repeating the steps from one step to three, and enabling the cutter head and the cone crusher to work synchronously so as to enable the propelling crushing device to drill continuously.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: high-pressure water flow is sprayed into the tunneling protective cylinder from the flushing port through a high-pressure water pump, the tunneling protective cylinder, the cone crusher and the cutter head are washed and cooled, the water flow and sand and stone particles after secondary grinding are mixed to form slurry, and the slurry in the tunneling protective cylinder is discharged from the sand suction port through a vacuum pump.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the rotation directions of the cutter head and the cone crusher are opposite.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) According to the invention, the cone crusher is arranged behind the cutter head, the cone crusher and the cutter head work synchronously, the cutter head is used for further grinding the hard rock layer after primarily crushing the hard rock layer, the hardness breaking and crushing efficiency of the propelling crushing device is greatly improved, and the loss of the cutter on the cutter head is reduced; meanwhile, the rotation directions of the cutter head and the cone crusher are opposite, so that the efficiency of crushing stones by matching the cutter head and the cone crusher is further improved.
2) The head of the cone crusher is of a conical structure, and the edge of each layer of the conical structure is provided with the arc-shaped bulge, so that the wear resistance of the surface of the head of the cone crusher is improved, and the integral crushing effect of the device is improved.
3) According to the invention, the tunneling protective cylinder is provided with the flushing port and the sand suction port, and the high-pressure water column is used for flushing the silt and the stone attached to the tunneling protective cylinder, so that the crushing effect of the cone crusher on the stone is improved, and the effect of cooling the crushing device is achieved; and the sand sucking port is matched with a vacuum pump to suck the slurry, so that blockage is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a propulsion pulverizer for drilling hard formations;
FIG. 2 is an elevation view of a propelling comminution apparatus for hard rock formation drilling;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cutterhead of the propulsion pulverizer for drilling hard rock formations;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cutter of a propulsion and crushing unit for drilling hard rock formations;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a cone crusher for a propelling comminution apparatus for hard rock formation drilling.
In the figure: the device comprises a cutter head 1, a cutter head body 1-1, a front cutter groove 1-2, an edge cutter groove 1-3, a stone feeding port 1-4, a cutter 2, a cone crusher 3, a hydraulic motor 4, a tunneling protective cylinder 5, a flushing port 5-1 and a sand sucking port 5-2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The following examples are set forth merely to aid in the understanding of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several modifications can be made to the invention without departing from the principle of the invention, and these modifications and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Example one
As an example, the present embodiment proposes a propelling crushing device for drilling hard rock layers, which is shown in fig. 1 to 5 and comprises a cutter head 1, a cutter 2, a cone crusher 3, a hydraulic motor 4 and a tunneling casing 5;
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the cutter head 1 is arranged at the most front end of the tunneling casing 5 and can perform certain functions of breaking and crushing hard strata; the cone crusher 3 is arranged in the tunneling protective cylinder 5 behind the cutter head 1, and the diameter of the cutter head 1 is larger than or equal to that of the tunneling protective cylinder 5; the hydraulic motor 4 is connected with the tail part of the cone crusher 3 from the rear part of the tunneling protective cylinder 5 and is used for driving the cone crusher 3, and the cone crusher 3 is rotationally connected with the tunneling protective cylinder 5 and further crushes the preliminarily crushed stone;
as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the cutter head 1 includes a cutter head body 1-1, a front cutter groove 1-2, an edge cutter groove 1-3 and a stone feeding port 1-4, the front cutter groove 1-2, the edge cutter groove 1-3 and the stone feeding port 1-4 are symmetrically disposed on the cutter head body 1-1, the cutter head body 1-1 is circular, a plurality of front cutter grooves 1-2 are disposed on a symmetry axis of the cutter head body 1-1, and a direction of disposing the cutters 2 on the front cutter grooves 1-2 is perpendicular to an arrangement direction of the plurality of front cutter grooves 1-2. The edges of the cutter head body 1-1 at the two sides of the front cutter groove 1-2 are symmetrically provided with edge cutter grooves 1-3; the front surface of the cutter head body 1-1 is annularly and symmetrically provided with a plurality of penetrating stone feeding ports 1-4, the number and the positions of the stone feeding ports 1-4 are determined according to the number and the positions of the edge cutter grooves 1-3 on the two sides of the front cutter groove 1-2, the stone feeding ports 1-4 are not arranged on a connecting line between the edge cutter groove 1-3 and the center of the cutter head body 1-1, so that the integral strength of the cutter head 1 is ensured, the stone feeding ports 1-4 are arranged on the two sides of the connecting line between the edge cutter groove 1-3 and the center of the cutter head body 1-1 as large as possible, in the embodiment, the edge parts of the cutter head body 1-1 on the two sides of the front cutter groove 1-2 are respectively provided with one edge cutter groove 1-3, and the cutter head body 1-1 is provided with four stone feeding ports 1-4. The stone feeding ports 1-4 are communicated with the rock stratum in front of the cutter head 1 and the tunneling pile casing 5 behind the cutter head 1, and the edges of the stone feeding ports 1-4 are slope surfaces gathered inwards along the opposite direction of the drilling of the propelling and crushing device, so that after the rock stratum is primarily cut and crushed by the cutter head 1, stones enter the tunneling pile casing 5 through the stone feeding ports 1-4; in the cross section shape, the edges of the stone feeding ports 1-4 are provided with fillet transitions, so that stress concentration can be avoided, and the strength of the cutter head body 1-1 is further ensured.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the front cutter pocket 1-2 and the edge cutter pocket 1-3 have the same structure, so that the same cutter 2 can be used, or different cutter pockets and cutters 2 can be selectively installed as required, and a plurality of sets of cutters 2 are respectively installed on the cutter head body 1-1 through the front cutter pocket 1-2 and the edge cutter pocket 1-3;
as shown in fig. 5, the head of the cone crusher 3 is in a conical structure, the angle of the conical structure is 120-150 degrees, the cone crusher 3 is connected with the inner wall of the tunneling protective cylinder 5 through a gear, so that the cone crusher 3 can rapidly rotate relative to the tunneling protective cylinder 5, and the connection with the gear maintains the stability of the axial position of the cone crusher 3 during rotation, so that stones entering the tunneling protective cylinder 5 can be stably ground with high strength; the conical structure at the head part of the cone crusher 3 comprises a plurality of layers, the size of each layer is gradually increased from front to back, and a plurality of arc-shaped bulges are arranged at the edge of each layer, so that large stones entering from the stone feeding ports 1-4 can be conveniently crushed into smaller stone particles;
1 surface of blade disc is equipped with the wearing layer of high strength manganese steel material, and the surface of 3 heads of cone crusher is equipped with the tungsten carbide coating, can ensure the intensity and the wearability of blade disc 1 and cone crusher 3, and hoisting device's life more does benefit to and grinds into tiny granule with the stone.
As shown in fig. 1, the tunneling protective cylinder 5 is further provided with a plurality of flushing ports 5-1 and sand sucking ports 5-2, wherein the flushing ports 5-1 are arranged on the cylinder wall of the front section of the tunneling protective cylinder 5, and a plurality of groups of flushing ports can be arranged, the flushing ports 5-1 are connected with a high-pressure water pump, so that the tunneling protective cylinder 5, the cone crusher 3 and the cutter head 1 can be conveniently flushed, crushed stones are prevented from being bonded on the surface of the device or being accumulated at one position due to the action of centrifugal force or gravity, the contact rate of the cone crusher 3 and the stones to be crushed is improved, and meanwhile, water flow can play a role in reducing the temperature of the propelling crushing device, so that the device is prevented from being damaged due to high-speed frictional heat generation; the sand suction port 5-2 is arranged on the cylinder wall behind the flushing port 5-1, the sand suction port 5-2 is connected with a vacuum pump, and can be matched with the flushing port 5-1 with a high-pressure water pump to suck and discharge sand and stone and muddy water mixture in the tunneling protective cylinder 5, so that the flushing and cooling work can be continuously carried out.
Example two
As another embodiment, on the basis of the propelling pulverizing device for hard rock formation drilling proposed in the first embodiment, the present embodiment proposes a method for using the propelling pulverizing device for hard rock formation drilling, which includes the following steps:
step one, starting a device: propelling the crushing device to enter a hard rock stratum, rotating the cutter head 1 under the driving of a motor, and starting a hydraulic motor 4 to enable a cone crusher 3 in a tunneling protective cylinder 5 to start to rotate; the rotating directions of the cutter head 1 and the cone crusher 3 are opposite, so that the mutual matching crushing effect of the cutter head 1 and the cone crusher 3 is further improved;
step two, primary cutting: the cutter head 1 rotates to drive the cutters 2 arranged on the front cutter grooves 1-2 and the edge cutter grooves 1-3 to break hard, the front hard rock stratum is cut and broken into stones with different sizes, the size of the stones in the primary cutting step is not too large, namely, the stones can enter the tunneling protective cylinder 5 through the stone feeding ports 1-4, the cutters 2 on the cutter head 1 are not responsible for further grinding, the requirement on the grinding precision of the cutters 2 on the cutter head 1 is low, and therefore the abrasion to the cutters 2 is greatly reduced;
step three, secondary grinding: after preliminary cutting, the stone enters the tunneling protective cylinder 5 through the stone feeding ports 1-4 in the process of rotating and advancing the propelling crushing device, the stone is subjected to secondary grinding by the high-speed rotating cone crusher 3, and the stone is ground into smaller particles after colliding with the cone crusher 3; through the cooperation of the second step and the third step, the cone crusher 3 shares the pressure of the cutter head 1, so that the drilling efficiency of the cutter head 1 is higher;
meanwhile, high-pressure water flow is sprayed into the tunneling protective cylinder 5 from the flushing port 5-1 through a high-pressure water pump, the high-pressure water flow sputters and scours stones and sand and soil remained on the inner surfaces of the tunneling protective cylinder 5, the cone crusher 3, the cutter head 1 and other regions, the cooling effect is achieved, the water flow and sand and stone particles after secondary grinding are mixed to form slurry, the slurry in the tunneling protective cylinder 5 is actively discharged from the sand suction port 5-2 through a vacuum pump, and blocking is avoided;
step four, continuing drilling: repeating the first step to the third step, wherein the cutter head 1 and the cone crusher 3 work synchronously, and the drilling of the hard rock stratum by the propelling crushing device is divided into a primary crushing part and a secondary grinding part, so that the loss of the cutter 2 on the cutter head 1 is greatly reduced; meanwhile, through the matching of the flushing port 5-1 and the sand sucking port 5-2, repeated flushing and sand discharging are carried out in the tunneling protective cylinder 5, the crushing effect of the cone crusher 3 is improved, and the propelling crushing device can drill continuously.

Claims (9)

1. A propelling and crushing device for drilling of hard rock layers is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a cutter head (1), a cutter (2), a cone crusher (3), a hydraulic motor (4) and a tunneling protective cylinder (5); the cutter head (1) is arranged at the foremost end of the tunneling protective cylinder (5), the cone crusher (3) is arranged in the tunneling protective cylinder (5), and the hydraulic motor (4) is connected with the tail part of the cone crusher (3) from the rear part of the tunneling protective cylinder (5);
the cutter head (1) comprises a cutter head body (1-1), a front cutter groove (1-2), edge cutter grooves (1-3) and a stone feeding port (1-4), the cutter head body (1-1) is circular, a plurality of front cutter grooves (1-2) are arranged on a symmetry axis of the cutter head body (1-1), and the edges of the cutter head body (1-1) at two sides of the front cutter groove (1-2) are symmetrically provided with the edge cutter grooves (1-3); the multiple groups of cutters (2) are respectively arranged on the cutter body (1-1) through the front cutter groove (1-2) and the edge cutter groove (1-3), and the front of the cutter body (1-1) is annularly and symmetrically provided with a plurality of stone feeding ports (1-4);
the cone crusher (3) is rotatably connected with the tunneling protective barrel (5), the head of the cone crusher (3) is of a conical structure, the conical structure at the head of the cone crusher (3) comprises a plurality of layers, the size of each layer is gradually increased from front to back, and the edge of each layer is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped bulges;
a flushing port (5-1) and a sand sucking port (5-2) are arranged on the tunneling protective cylinder (5), wherein the flushing port (5-1) is arranged on the cylinder wall of the front section of the tunneling protective cylinder (5), and the sand sucking port (5-2) is arranged on the cylinder wall of the tunneling protective cylinder (5) behind the flushing port (5-1); the flushing port (5-1) is connected with a high-pressure water pump, and the sand sucking port (5-2) is connected with a vacuum pump.
2. The propelling comminution device for hard rock formation drilling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the cutter head (1) is more than or equal to that of the tunneling protective cylinder (5); the front cutter grooves (1-2), the edge cutter grooves (1-3) and the stone feeding ports (1-4) are symmetrically arranged on the cutter head body (1-1), and the arrangement direction of the cutters (2) on the front cutter grooves (1-2) is perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the front cutter grooves (1-2).
3. The propelling comminution device for hard rock formation drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: the quantity and the positions of the stone feeding ports (1-4) are determined according to the quantity and the positions of the edge cutter grooves (1-3) on the two sides of the front cutter groove (1-2), and the stone feeding ports (1-4) are arranged on the two sides of the central connecting line of the edge cutter grooves (1-3) and the cutter disc body (1-1); the edges of the stone feeding ports (1-4) are provided with fillet transitions; along the direction opposite to the drilling direction of the propelling and crushing device, the edges of the stone feeding ports (1-4) are slope surfaces gathered inwards.
4. A propulsion comminution device for hard rock drilling as claimed in claim 3 in which: the edge parts of the cutter head body (1-1) at the two sides of the front cutter groove (1-2) are respectively provided with an edge cutter groove (1-3), and the cutter head body (1-1) is provided with four stone feeding ports (1-4).
5. The propelling comminution device for hard rock formation drilling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cone crusher (3) is connected with the inner wall of the tunneling protective cylinder (5) through a gear, and the conical structure angle of the head of the cone crusher (3) is 120-150 degrees.
6. The propelling comminution device for hard rock formation drilling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the surface of the cutter head (1) is provided with a wear-resistant layer made of manganese steel, and the surface of the head part of the cone crusher (3) is provided with a tungsten carbide coating.
7. The method of using a propulsion fragmentation device for hard formation drilling as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step one, starting a device: propelling the crushing device to enter a hard rock stratum, rotating the cutter head (1) under the driving of a motor, and starting a hydraulic motor (4) to enable a cone crusher (3) in the tunneling protective cylinder (5) to start rotating;
step two, preliminary cutting: the cutter head (1) rotates to drive the cutters (2) arranged on the front cutter grooves (1-2) and the edge cutter grooves (1-3) to cut and crush the hard rock stratum in front into stones with different sizes;
step three, secondary grinding: after preliminary cutting, the stone blocks enter a tunneling protective cylinder (5) through stone block feeding ports (1-4), secondary grinding is carried out by a cone crusher (3), and the stone blocks are ground into smaller particles;
step four, drilling continuously: and repeating the first step to the third step, and enabling the cutter head (1) and the cone crusher (3) to work synchronously so as to enable the propelling crushing device to drill continuously.
8. The use of a propelling comminution device for drilling of hard rock formations according to claim 7, characterized in that: high-pressure water flow is sprayed into the tunneling protective cylinder (5) from the flushing port (5-1) through a high-pressure water pump, the tunneling protective cylinder (5), the cone crusher (3) and the cutter head (1) are washed and cooled, the water flow and sand and stone particles after secondary grinding are mixed to form slurry, and the slurry in the tunneling protective cylinder (5) is discharged from the sand suction port (5-2) through a vacuum pump.
9. The use of a propelling comminution device for drilling of hard rock formations according to claim 7, characterized in that: the rotation directions of the cutter head (1) and the cone crusher (3) are opposite.
CN202310084695.5A 2023-02-09 2023-02-09 Propelling and crushing device for drilling hard rock layer Pending CN115788316A (en)

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CN202310084695.5A CN115788316A (en) 2023-02-09 2023-02-09 Propelling and crushing device for drilling hard rock layer

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