CN115780723B - Forming die and method for wide special-shaped hub - Google Patents
Forming die and method for wide special-shaped hub Download PDFInfo
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- CN115780723B CN115780723B CN202310040497.9A CN202310040497A CN115780723B CN 115780723 B CN115780723 B CN 115780723B CN 202310040497 A CN202310040497 A CN 202310040497A CN 115780723 B CN115780723 B CN 115780723B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a forming die and a forming method for a wide special-shaped hub, and belongs to the technical field of hub forming. The method comprises a forward extrusion die and a flaring flanging die, wherein the forward extrusion die is used for respectively forming the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of a target hub by adopting a method of once heating and three times forming to obtain an initial extrusion state hub; the flaring flanging die is used for flaring flanging the initially extruded hub to obtain the target hub. The rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of the target hub are sequentially formed by adopting a method of heating three times through the forward extrusion die, each part of the hub is formed step by step, and the contact area between the first male die and the blank in single extrusion is reduced, so that the load required by hub forming can be obviously reduced, and the requirement on hydraulic equipment in the actual production process is not excessively high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hub forming, in particular to a forming die and a forming method for a wide special-shaped hub.
Background
The magnesium alloy hub has the advantages of light weight, good shock absorption performance, high strength and the like, and is more and more favored by people. The application of the magnesium alloy hub can realize the light weight requirement of the automobile, simultaneously reduce the consumption of energy, reduce the oil consumption, simultaneously reduce the emission of tail gas and play the role of environmental protection. The hub is formed by casting and extrusion in two main ways. However, the cast magnesium alloy hub has the problems of shrinkage cavity, shrinkage porosity and the like, so that the hub has poor performance and cannot be popularized. Therefore, the magnesium alloy hub is mostly formed by extrusion.
The hub has the appearance characteristics that the spoke central hole is smaller, the area of the spoke end surface is larger, and the spoke central part is concave. When the hub is formed by forward extrusion in the traditional process, the contact area between the male die and the blank is large, so that the forming load required by the extrusion process is higher. In addition, the spoke center hole is sunk, so that the hollow blank is not easy to flow to form the spoke part. Therefore, the conventional forward extrusion process requires a great forming load, which is high in requirements for extrusion equipment, thereby increasing production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a forming die and a forming method for a wide special-shaped hub. The technical scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, a forming die for a wide irregular wheel hub is provided, which comprises a forward extrusion die and a flaring flanging die, wherein the forward extrusion die is used for sequentially forming the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of a target wheel hub by adopting a method of once heating and three times forming to obtain an initial wheel hub; the flaring flanging die is used for flaring and flanging the initial hub to obtain a target hub;
wherein the forward extrusion die consists of a large ejector rod, a small ejector rod support plate, a first lower die plate, a first screw, a first female die base plate, a first female die, a pre-stressing ring, a plurality of small ejector rods, a female die mandrel, a female die cushion block, a jacking ring, a male die ring, a mandrel, a first upper die plate, a first male die base plate, a male die core and a first male die, wherein the middle part of the first lower die plate is provided with a support plate groove, the small ejector rod support plate is arranged in the support plate groove, the top end of the large ejector rod is connected with the middle part of the bottom surface of the small ejector rod support plate, the first lower die plate, the first female die cushion plate and the pre-stressing ring are connected through the first screw, the pre-stressing ring is positioned at the edge position above the first female die base plate, the pre-stressing ring is of a hollow structure, the inner cavity of which is of a truncated cone shape matched with the inner cavity of the pre-stressing ring, the first female die is arranged in the pre-stressing ring, the outer side of the first female die is contacted with the pre-stressing ring, the first female die is also of a hollow structure, the upper part of the first female die is provided with a clamping groove, the female die cushion block is arranged in the clamping groove, the female die mandrel is arranged in the first female die inner cavity and is provided with a sizing bearing with the female die cushion block, the bottom of the female die mandrel is connected with the first lower die plate and the first female die cushion plate through screws, a plurality of small ejector rods are arranged on the small ejector rod support plate, the top end of the small ejector rod is connected with the female die mandrel, the ejector ring is in threaded connection with the top end of the small ejector rod through a threaded hole formed in the female die mandrel, the first upper die plate, the first male die cushion plate and the first male die are sequentially connected from top to bottom through screws, the male die core is arranged in the first male die inner cavity and is in interference connection with the first male die, the top end of the first male die core is provided with a limiting bulge, the male die core is limited in the first male die inner cavity through the limiting bulge and the limiting bulge, the middle of the bottom of the male die core is provided with a mandrel groove, the diameter of the mandrel groove is matched with that of the mandrel, the mandrel is connected with the female die mandrel and can slide in the mandrel groove, and the inner diameter of the male die ring is matched with that of the mandrel and is used for being sleeved on the mandrel;
the flaring flanging die comprises a push rod, a second lower die plate, a second female die base plate, pins, a lower die base, four dovetail strips, four female die sliding blocks, a second male die base plate, a second upper die plate and second screws, wherein a push rod through hole is formed in the middle of the second lower die plate, the push rod passes through the push rod through hole and then is connected with the second female die base plate, the edge of the lower die base plate is connected with the edge of the second lower die plate through the pins, the cavity of the lower die base plate is in a round table shape, the four female die sliding blocks are combined to form a female die of the flaring flanging die, the shape of the cavity of the female die is identical to the shape of the outer contour of a target hub, the outer side of the female die sliding blocks is connected with the dovetail strips through the second screws and then is arranged on the second female die base plate and can slide in the cavity of the lower die base plate, the second upper die plate, the second male die base plate, the second male die and the second male die base plate and the second male die are connected with the second screws sequentially from top to bottom, and the shape of the second male die is identical to the shape of the inner contour of the target hub.
Optionally, a first positioning hole in threaded connection with the female die mandrel is formed in the bottom end of the mandrel, and the mandrel is in threaded connection with the female die mandrel through the first positioning hole.
Optionally, a second positioning hole in threaded connection with the ejector ring is formed in the top end of the small ejector rod, and the ejector ring is in threaded connection with the top end of the small ejector rod through the second positioning hole.
In a second aspect, a method for forming a wide irregular-shaped hub is provided, where the method for forming a wide irregular-shaped hub uses the forming mold described in the first aspect, and includes the following steps:
s1, selecting a magnesium alloy cylindrical as-cast blank, upsetting, back-extruding and punching the as-cast blank to obtain a hollow blank;
s2, heating the hollow blank and the forward extrusion die to a preset temperature, and sequentially extruding and forming the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of the target hub through the forward extrusion die to obtain an initial hub;
s3, taking out the initial hub, cooling to room temperature, and turning the rim end of the initial hub to be flat;
s4, heating the turned initial hub and the flaring flanging die to a preset temperature, and flaring and flanging the turned initial hub through the flaring flanging die to obtain the target hub.
Optionally, the step S2 includes the following steps when the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of the target hub are sequentially extruded through the forward extrusion die:
s21, after the hollow blank is placed in a forward extrusion die and is aligned in the middle, the first upper die plate descends to drive the first male die to extrude downwards, so that the hollow blank is filled in a cavity formed by the first male die, the female die gasket and the male die core, and after the blank is filled in the cavity, the blank flows out from a gap formed by the female die gasket and the female die mandrel bearing in an extrusion mode;
s22, when the first male die extrudes the blank to enable the blank to reach the bottom of the first female die, the first upper die plate stops descending, at the moment, the rim part is formed, the first upper die plate ascends, the first male die base plate ascends together with the first male die, and after the male die core is taken away from the blank together with the first male die, the male die core is pushed back to the first male die by a tool, so that the first male die is flush with the lower end surface of the male die core;
s23, the first upper template descends, the first male die and the male die core extrude blanks downwards together, the blanks transversely flow, the blanks stop when the blanks fill gaps between the female die washers and the mandrel, then the first upper template ascends, and at the moment, the thickness extrusion of the spokes is completed;
s24, sleeving the male die ring on the mandrel, enabling the first upper die plate to descend, enabling the first upper die plate to continue descending after the male die core contacts the male die ring, pressing the male die ring into the blank, and obtaining an initial hub after the male die ring is completely immersed into the blank;
s25, the first male die moves upwards, and after the initial hub and the male die ring are ejected out by the small ejector rod and the ejector ring, the initial hub is cooled at room temperature.
Optionally, the step S4 includes the following steps when the turned initial hub is flared and turned by the flaring and flanging die:
s41, after the turned initial hub and the flaring flanging die are heated to a preset temperature, the ejector rod drives the second female die backing plate to move upwards, so that the female die slide block slides upwards along the lower die seat groove, the female die slide block is opened, and the turned initial hub is placed on the second female die backing plate and aligned in the middle;
s42, the ejector rod drives the second female die backing plate to slide downwards, so that the female die slide block coats the turned initial hub to fold downwards;
s43, the second upper die plate drives the second male die to move downwards, and flaring and flanging are carried out on the turned initial hub through the second male die;
and S44, the ejector rod drives the second die backing plate to eject the flaring extrusion part and take out the flaring extrusion part, and turning finish machining is performed after the flaring extrusion part is cooled to room temperature, so that the target hub is obtained.
Optionally, the step S1 further includes, before upsetting, back extruding and punching the as-cast billet:
homogenizing the as-cast billet.
All the above optional technical solutions can be arbitrarily combined, and the detailed description of the structures after one-to-one combination is omitted.
By means of the scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of the target hub are sequentially formed by adopting a method of heating three times through the forward extrusion die, each part of the hub is formed step by step, and the contact area between the first male die and the workpiece during single extrusion is reduced, so that the load required by hub forming can be obviously reduced, and the requirement on hydraulic equipment in the actual production process is not excessively high.
Further, under the extrusion action of the first male die and the male die core, the rim is formed by means of the depth of the bearing between the female die core shaft and the female die cushion block, the spoke is formed by means of the thickness limiting between the female die cushion block and the core shaft and the shape of the spoke is formed by means of the male die ring, the wheel hub parts are formed step by step, the contact area between the first male die and the blank is reduced during single extrusion, therefore, the load required by the wheel hub forming can be obviously reduced, the hydraulic equipment in the actual production process is not required to be excessively high, and the wheel hub can be formed by adopting a small-tonnage hydraulic machine. Furthermore, the shape of the spoke is formed by the male die ring, so that the problem that the metal in the concave part is difficult to flow to form the spoke part due to sinking of the center hole of the spoke is solved. The whole forward extrusion process is heated once, is formed in multiple steps, and is decomposed into multiple steps, so that the forming load is obviously reduced.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention, as it is embodied in the following description, with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of a forward extrusion die in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a flaring flanging die in the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the present invention with a hollow billet placed on a forward extrusion die.
Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of the first forming of the forward extrusion in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of the second forming of the forward extrusion in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of a third forming of the forward extrusion in the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the extrusion flare formation of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of the hub forming process flow of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a large ejector pin, 2, a small ejector pin support plate, 3, a first lower die plate, 4, a first screw, 5, a first die backing plate, 6, a first die, 7, a prestress ring, 8, a small ejector pin, 9, a die mandrel, 10, a die cushion block, 11, a liftout ring, 12, a punch ring, 13, a mandrel, 14, a first upper die plate, 15, a first punch backing plate, 16, a punch core, 17, a first punch, 18, an ejector pin, 19, a second lower die plate, 20, a second die backing plate, 21, a pin, 22, a lower die holder, 23, a dovetail bar, 24, a die slide, 25, a second punch, 26, a second punch backing plate, 27, a second upper die plate, 28 and a second screw.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a forming die of a wide special-shaped hub, which comprises a forward extrusion die and a flaring flanging die, wherein the forward extrusion die is used for sequentially forming the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of a target hub by adopting a method of once heating and three times forming to obtain an initial hub; the flaring flanging die is used for flaring flanging the initial hub to obtain the target hub.
According to the invention, the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of the target hub are sequentially formed by adopting a method of once heating and three times forming through the forward extrusion die, each part of the hub is formed step by step, and the contact area between the first male die 17 and the blank in single extrusion is reduced, so that the load required by hub forming can be obviously reduced, and the requirement of excessive hydraulic equipment in the actual production process is not required.
As shown in figure 1, the forward extrusion die consists of a large ejector rod 1, a small ejector rod support plate 2, a first lower die plate 3, a first screw 4, a first female die base plate 5, a first female die 6, a pre-stressing ring 7, a plurality of small ejector rods 8, a female die mandrel 9, a female die cushion block 10, a ejector ring 11, a male die ring 12, a mandrel 13, a first upper die plate 14, a first male die base plate 15, a male die core 16 and a first male die 17, wherein a support plate groove is formed in the middle of the first lower die plate 3, the small ejector rod support plate 2 is arranged in the support plate groove, the top end of the large ejector rod 1 is in threaded connection with the middle of the bottom surface of the small ejector rod support plate 2, the first lower die plate 3, the first female die base plate 5 and the pre-stressing ring 7 are connected through the first screw 4, the pre-stressing ring 7 is positioned at the edge position above the first female die base plate 5, the pre-stressing ring 7 is of a hollow structure and the inner cavity of which is in a truncated cone shape, the outer contour of the first female die 6 is in a truncated cone shape matched with the inner cavity of the pre-stress ring 7, the first female die 6 is arranged in the pre-stress ring 7, the outer side of the first female die 6 is in contact with the pre-stress ring 7, the first female die 6 is also in a hollow structure, a clamping groove is formed in the upper part of the first female die 6, a female die cushion block 10 is arranged in the clamping groove, a female die mandrel 9 is arranged in the inner cavity of the first female die 6, a bearing is reserved between the female die mandrel 9 and the female die cushion block 10, the bottom of the female die mandrel 9 is connected with the first lower die plate 3 and the first female die cushion block 5 through screws, a plurality of small ejector rods 8 are arranged on the small ejector rod support plates 2, the top ends of the small ejector rods 8 are connected with the female die mandrel 9, the ejector ring 11 is in threaded connection with the top ends of the small ejector rods 8 through threaded holes formed in the female die mandrel 9, the first upper die plate 14, the first male die cushion block 15 and the first male die 17 are sequentially connected from top to bottom through screws, the male die core 16 is arranged in the inner cavity of the first male die 17 in an interference manner, the bottom end of the first male die 17 is provided with a limiting bulge, the top end of the male die core 16 is provided with a clamping bulge, the male die core 16 is limited in the inner cavity of the first male die 17 through the limiting bulge and the clamping bulge, a mandrel groove is formed in the middle of the bottom of the male die core 16, the diameter of the mandrel groove is matched with the diameter of the mandrel 13, the mandrel 13 can slide in the mandrel groove, the mandrel 13 is in threaded connection with the female die mandrel 9 and can slide in the mandrel groove, and the inner diameter of the male die ring 12 is matched with the diameter of the mandrel 13 and is used for being sleeved on the mandrel 13.
In the forward extrusion die, the small ejector rod 8 and the ejector ring 11 are fixed by threads and are used for taking out the blank after extrusion is completed, and the ejector ring 11 is reset after the extrusion is taken out, and due to the fixation of the threads, the ejector ring 11 cannot deviate and cannot be reset when returning. In addition, as shown in fig. 1, the female die core shaft 9 is only contacted with the top of the small ejector rod 8, and the female die core shaft 9 is not arranged at the lower part of the small ejector rod 8, so that the weight of the female die core shaft 9 is reduced, the weight of the component is reduced, and the production cost is also saved. The sizing bearing between the die gasket 10 and the die mandrel 9 is designed, so that the contact area between the blank at the lower end of the rim and the die is small in the forward extrusion process of the hollow blank, the friction resistance in the forward extrusion process is reduced, and the extrusion load of the first male die 17 is further reduced.
As shown in fig. 2, the flaring flanging die comprises a push rod 18, a second lower die plate 19, a second die base 20, pins 21, a lower die holder 22, four dovetail strips 23, four die sliding blocks 24, a second male die 25, a second male die base 26, a second upper die plate 27 and a second screw 28, a push rod through hole is formed in the middle of the second lower die plate 19, the push rod 18 passes through the push rod through hole and then is connected with the second die base 20 in a threaded manner, the edges of the lower die holder 22 and the second lower die plate 19 are connected through the pins 21, the inner cavity of the lower die holder 22 is in a circular truncated cone shape, the outer sides of the four die sliding blocks 24 are connected with the dovetail strips 23 through the second screw 28 and then are placed on the second die base 20 and can slide in the inner cavity of the lower die holder 22, the inner cavity of the four die sliding blocks 24 are in the same shape as the outer contour of the target hub, the second upper die plate 27, the second male die base 26 and the second male die 25 are sequentially connected from top to bottom through the second screw 28, and the shape of the inner contour of the second male die 25 is the same as the inner contour of the target hub.
In the forward extrusion die provided by the embodiment of the invention, because a larger distance is reserved between the first female die 6 and the female die mandrel 9, a replaceable space is reserved for replacing dies of different specifications and types, and only a small number of parts need to be replaced when hubs of the other types or types are produced next time, so that the production cost can be greatly saved. For example, when the wheel hub of a certain model is produced by the die provided by the embodiment of the invention and the next wheel hub of a same model with different shapes or different models is finished, the die core shaft 9, the die gasket 10, the ejector ring 11, the punch ring 12, the core shaft 13 and the punch core 16 in the extrusion die, the die slide block 24 in the flaring flanging die and part or all of the second punch 25 in the flaring flanging die can be properly corrected according to actual requirements, and the rest parts can be reused.
Optionally, a first positioning hole in threaded connection with the female die mandrel 9 is formed in the bottom end of the mandrel 13, the mandrel 13 is in threaded connection with the female die mandrel 9 through the first positioning hole, a second positioning hole in threaded connection with the ejector ring 11 is formed in the top end of the small ejector rod 8, and the ejector ring 11 is in threaded connection with the top end of the small ejector rod 8 through the second positioning hole.
Corresponding first positioning holes and second positioning holes are designed at corresponding positions of the mandrel 13 and the small ejector rod 8, so that accurate butt joint of threads of the mandrel 13 and the small ejector rod 8 is realized when production personnel install a die, and the threads of the mandrel 13 and the small ejector rod 8 are more easily screwed.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a forming method of the wide special-shaped wheel hub, which adopts the forming die of the wide special-shaped wheel hub and comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a magnesium alloy cylindrical as-cast blank, upsetting, back-extruding and punching the as-cast blank to obtain a hollow blank.
Optionally, the step S1 may further homogenize the as-cast billet prior to upsetting, back-extruding, and punching the as-cast billet. As the cast-state blank contains the defects of shrinkage cavity, shrinkage porosity and the like, the cast-state structure segregation can be eliminated after the cast-state blank is subjected to homogenization treatment. The deformation degree of the upsetted blank at the upper center and the lower center is small, and the region with small deformation degree is removed after punching treatment, so that the blank structure is more uniform, and the performance strength of the blank is improved.
And S2, heating the hollow blank and the forward extrusion die to a preset temperature, and sequentially extruding and forming the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of the target hub through the forward extrusion die to obtain the initial hub.
Wherein the predetermined temperature is at least the deformation temperature of the as-cast billet. And S2, when the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of the target hub are sequentially extruded and formed through a forward extrusion die, the method comprises the following steps of:
s21, after the hollow blank is placed in a forward extrusion die and is aligned in the middle (shown in fig. 3), the first upper die plate 14 descends to drive the first male die 17 to extrude downwards, so that the hollow blank is filled in a cavity formed by the first male die 17, the female die gasket 10 and the male die core 16, and after the blank is filled in the cavity, the hollow blank is extruded and flows out from a gap formed by the female die gasket 10 and the female die mandrel 9 bearing, as shown in fig. 4.
S22, when the first male die 17 extrudes the blank to enable the blank to reach the bottom of the first female die 6, the first upper die plate 14 stops descending, at the moment, the rim part forming is finished, the first upper die plate 14 ascends, the first male die base plate 15 and the first male die 17 ascend together, the male die core 16 is carried away from the blank together, and then the male die core 16 is pushed back to the first male die 17 by a tool, so that the first male die 17 is flush with the lower end surface of the male die core 16.
S23, the first upper die plate 14 descends, the first male die 17 and the male die core 16 are in interference fit, the first male die 17 and the male die core 16 extrude blanks downwards, the blanks transversely flow, stopping when the blanks fill up the gap between the female die gasket 10 and the mandrel 13, as shown in fig. 5, then the first upper die plate 14 ascends, and at the moment, the thickness extrusion of the spoke is completed.
S24, sleeving the male die ring 12 on the mandrel 13, enabling the first upper die plate 14 to descend, enabling the first upper die plate 14 to continue descending after the male die core 16 contacts the male die ring 12, pressing the male die ring 12 into the blank, and obtaining the initial hub after the male die ring 12 is completely immersed into the blank as shown in FIG. 6.
S25, the first male die 17 moves upwards, the small ejector rod 8 and the ejector ring 11 eject the initial hub and the male die ring 12, and then the initial hub is cooled at room temperature.
When the forward extrusion die provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for extrusion forming of the hub, under the extrusion action of the first male die 17 and the male die core 16, the depth of a sizing bearing formed rim between the female die mandrel 9 and the female die cushion block 10 is utilized, the thickness of a formed spoke is limited between the female die cushion block 10 and the mandrel 13, and the shape of the spoke is formed by the male die ring 12, so that each part of the hub is formed step by step, the contact area between the first male die 17 and a blank in single extrusion is reduced, the load required by hub forming can be obviously reduced, and excessive requirements on hydraulic equipment in the actual production process are not needed. In addition, through step-by-step forming, the complexity of the forward extrusion die is reduced, and the die failure rate is reduced. Further, the shape of the spoke is formed through the male die ring 12, so that the problem that metal in the concave part is difficult to flow to form the spoke part due to sinking of the center hole of the spoke is solved. The whole forward extrusion process is only heated once, so that one-time forming of the hub is realized, and the problem that the performance of the hub is reduced due to the fact that multi-time extrusion forming blanks are heated for many times is solved.
And S3, taking out the initial hub, cooling to room temperature, and turning the rim end of the initial hub to be flat.
In order to enable the initial hub to be placed in the flaring flanging die, and the flaring flanging needs to take the inner side end face of the spoke as a reference surface, the embodiment of the invention performs turning cutting at a preset depth from the lower end of the rim and performs turning leveling at a preset thickness from the upper end of the spoke during turning, so that the problem that the bottom end of the initial hub is uneven due to uneven extrusion deformation caused by friction force is solved.
Preferably, in order to reduce the amount of turning, embodiments of the invention may provide that the length of the bearing between die washer 10 and die spindle 9 is equal to or slightly greater than the rim depth.
S4, heating the turned initial hub and the flaring flanging die to a preset temperature, and flaring and flanging the turned initial hub through the flaring flanging die to obtain the target hub.
The step S4 is to perform flaring flanging on the turned initial hub through a flaring flanging die, and comprises the following steps:
s41, after the turned initial hub and the flaring flanging die are heated to a preset temperature, the ejector rod 18 drives the second female die backing plate 20 to move upwards, so that the female die slide block 24 slides upwards along the groove of the lower die base 22, the female die slide block 24 is opened, and the turned initial hub is placed on the second female die backing plate 20 and aligned in the middle.
S42, the ejector rod 18 drives the second die backing plate 20 to slide downwards, so that the die slide 24 wraps the turned initial hub and folds downwards, as shown in FIG. 7.
S43, the second upper die plate 27 drives the second male die 25 to downwards pass through the second male die 25 to perform flaring and flanging on the turned initial hub.
And S44, the ejector rod 18 moves upwards to drive the second die backing plate 20 to eject and take out the flaring extrusion, and turning finish machining is performed after the flaring extrusion is cooled to room temperature, so that the target hub is obtained.
Because the shape of the inner cavity of the female die formed by combining the four female die sliding blocks 24 is the same as the shape of the outer contour of the target hub, the shape of the second male die 25 is the same as the shape of the inner contour of the target contour, so that the target hub can be obtained after flaring and flanging.
According to the invention, the male die structure is optimized, the step-by-step forming of the hub is realized by adopting the combination of the telescopic male die and the male die ring, the contact area between the male die and a workpiece in the forward extrusion process is reduced, and the traditional whole deformation process is decomposed into a plurality of steps for carrying out, so that the forming load is greatly reduced.
The forward extrusion die and the flaring flanging die in the embodiment of the invention are designed in a replaceable manner, so that part of parts in the invention can be reused, the cost is reduced to a great extent, and the method has a certain guiding significance for the design of the changeable multi-specification hub extrusion die.
In summary, as shown in fig. 8, the hub forming process according to the embodiment of the invention includes: blanking, upsetting, backward extrusion, punching, forward extrusion, machining (turning), flaring and flanging. The method comprises the following steps: and (3) obtaining a corresponding cast blank according to the calculated blanking size, homogenizing the cast blank, heating a die to a preset temperature, upsetting, reversely extruding and punching to obtain a hollow blank, and cooling the hollow blank at room temperature for next process flow. And heating the hollow blank and the forward extrusion die to a preset temperature, then carrying out extrusion forming in three steps according to the process flow, and then taking out the initial hub and cooling at room temperature. And turning the end part of the rim of the initial hub to be smooth, and finally, flaring and flanging the turned initial hub to obtain the target hub.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The forming die of the wide special-shaped hub is characterized by comprising a forward extrusion die and a flaring flanging die, wherein the forward extrusion die is used for sequentially forming the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of a target hub by adopting a method of once heating and three times forming to obtain an initial hub; the flaring flanging die is used for flaring and flanging the initial hub to obtain a target hub;
wherein the forward extrusion die consists of a large ejector rod (1), a small ejector rod support plate (2), a first lower die plate (3), a first screw (4), a first female die base plate (5), a first female die (6), a pre-stressing ring (7), a plurality of small ejector rods (8), a female die mandrel (9), a female die cushion block (10), a jacking ring (11), a male die ring (12), a mandrel (13), a first upper die plate (14), a first male die base plate (15), a male die core (16) and a first male die (17), a support plate groove is formed in the middle of the first lower die plate (3), the small ejector rod support plate (2) is arranged in the support plate groove, the top end of the large ejector rod (1) is connected with the middle of the bottom surface of the small ejector rod support plate (2), the first lower die plate (3), the first female die base plate (5) and the pre-stressing ring (7) are connected through the first screw (4), the pre-stressing ring (7) is positioned at the edge position above the first female die base plate (5), the pre-stressing ring (7) is of a hollow structure, the inner cavity of the pre-stressing ring (7) is of a cavity structure, the pre-stressing ring (6) is also in the shape of the cavity structure and is in the shape of the cavity structure of the cavity ring (7) and is also in the shape of the cavity structure of the cavity ring (7) and is arranged on the outer round table (6) and is in the cavity structure of the cavity structure, the female die cushion block (10) is arranged in the clamping groove, the female die core shaft (9) is arranged in the inner cavity of the first female die (6) and is connected with the female die cushion block (10) from top to bottom in sequence by a sizing bearing, the bottom of the female die core shaft (9) is connected with the first lower die plate (3) and the first female die cushion plate (5) by a screw, a plurality of small ejector rods (8) are arranged on the small ejector rod support plate (2), the top ends of the small ejector rods (8) are connected with the female die core shaft (9), the ejector ring (11) is connected with the top ends of the small ejector rods (8) by screw holes arranged on the female die core shaft (9) in a threaded manner, the first upper die plate (14), the first male die cushion plate (15) and the first male die (17) are sequentially connected from top to bottom by a screw, the male die core (16) is arranged in the inner cavity of the first male die (17) and is in interference connection with the first male die (17), the bottom of the first male die (17) is provided with a limit bulge, the top end of the male die core (16) is provided with a limit bulge, the first male die (16) is limited in the inner cavity of the first male die (17) by the limit bulge and the limit bulge, the limit bulge (17) is arranged, the diameter of the male die core (16) is matched with the diameter of the female die core shaft (13) in the female die core shaft (13) through the limit mandrel, the inner diameter of the male die ring (12) is matched with the diameter of the mandrel (13) and is used for being sleeved on the mandrel (13);
the flaring flanging die comprises an ejector rod (18), a second lower die plate (19), a second female die base (20), pins (21), a lower die base (22), four dovetail strips (23), four female die sliding blocks (24), a second male die (25), a second male die base (26), a second upper die plate (27) and second screws (28), wherein ejector rod through holes are formed in the middle of the second lower die plate (19), the ejector rod (18) passes through the ejector rod through holes and then is connected with the second female die base (20), the edges of the lower die base (22) and the second lower die plate (19) are connected through the pins (21), the inner cavity of the lower die base (22) is in a circular truncated cone shape, the four female die sliding blocks (24) are combined to form a female die of the flaring flanging die, the shape of the female die cavity is identical to the outer contour of a target hub, the outer side of the female die sliding blocks (24) are connected with the dovetail strips (23) through second screws (28) and then arranged on the second female die base (20) and can slide in the inner cavity of the lower die base (22), the second upper die plate (27), the second male die (26) and the second male die base (25) are connected with the inner contour of the inner die (25) in sequence from the upper die to the outer contour of the second male die (25) is identical to the outer contour of the target hub.
2. The forming die of the wide special-shaped hub according to claim 1, wherein a first positioning hole in threaded connection with the female die mandrel (9) is formed in the bottom end of the mandrel (13), and the mandrel (13) is in threaded connection with the female die mandrel (9) through the first positioning hole.
3. The forming die of the wide special-shaped hub according to claim 1, wherein a second positioning hole in threaded connection with a jacking ring (11) is formed in the top end of the small ejector rod (8), and the jacking ring (11) is in threaded connection with the top end of the small ejector rod (8) through the second positioning hole.
4. A method for forming a wide profiled hub, characterized in that the method uses a wide profiled hub forming die as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
s1, selecting a magnesium alloy cylindrical as-cast blank, upsetting, back-extruding and punching the as-cast blank to obtain a hollow blank;
s2, heating the hollow blank and the forward extrusion die to a preset temperature, and sequentially extruding and forming the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of the target hub through the forward extrusion die to obtain an initial hub;
s3, taking out the initial hub, cooling to room temperature, and turning the rim end of the initial hub to be flat;
s4, heating the turned initial hub and the flaring flanging die to a preset temperature, and flaring and flanging the turned initial hub through the flaring flanging die to obtain the target hub.
5. The method for forming a wide profiled hub as set forth in claim 4, characterized in that S2 comprises the steps of, when sequentially extruding the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of the target hub through a forward extrusion die:
s21, after a hollow blank is placed in a forward extrusion die and is centered and aligned, a first upper die plate (14) descends to drive a first male die (17) to extrude downwards, so that the hollow blank is filled in a cavity formed by the first male die (17), a female die gasket (10) and a male die core (16), and after the cavity is filled with the blank, the blank is extruded and flows out from a gap formed by the female die gasket (10) and a female die mandrel (9) bearing;
s22, when the first male die (17) extrudes the blank to enable the blank to reach the bottom of the first female die (6), the first upper die plate (14) stops descending, at the moment, the rim part is formed, the first upper die plate (14) ascends, the first male die backing plate (15) ascends together with the first male die (17), the male die core (16) is carried away from the blank together, and then the male die core (16) is pushed back to the first male die (17) by a tool, so that the first male die (17) is flush with the lower end surface of the male die core (16);
s23, the first upper die plate (14) descends, the first male die (17) and the male die core (16) extrude blanks downwards together, the blanks transversely flow, the blanks stop when the blanks fill up gaps between the female die washers (10) and the core shafts (13), then the first upper die plate (14) ascends, and at the moment, the thickness extrusion of the spokes is completed;
s24, sleeving the male die ring (12) on the mandrel (13), enabling the first upper die plate (14) to descend, enabling the first upper die plate (14) to continue descending after the male die core (16) contacts the male die ring (12), enabling the male die ring (12) to be pressed into a blank, and obtaining an initial hub after the male die ring (12) is completely immersed into the blank;
s25, the first male die (17) moves upwards, and after the small ejector rod (8) and the ejector ring (11) eject the initial hub and the male die ring (12), the initial hub is cooled at room temperature.
6. The method for forming the wide-width special-shaped hub according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the step S4 is characterized in that when the turned initial hub is flared and flanged through a flaring and flanging die, the method comprises the following steps:
s41, after the turned initial hub and the flaring flanging die are heated to a preset temperature, the ejector rod (18) drives the second female die backing plate (20) to move upwards, so that the female die sliding block (24) slides upwards along the groove of the lower die holder (22), the female die sliding block (24) is opened, and the turned initial hub is placed on the second female die backing plate (20) and aligned in the middle;
s42, the ejector rod (18) drives the second female die base plate (20) to slide downwards, so that the initial hub subjected to cladding turning of the female die sliding block (24) is folded downwards;
s43, the second upper die plate (27) drives the second male die (25) to downwards move, and flaring and flanging are carried out on the turned initial hub through the second male die (25);
s44, the ejector rod (18) moves upwards to drive the second die backing plate (20) to eject and take out the flaring extrusion, and turning finish machining is carried out after the flaring extrusion is cooled to room temperature, so that the target hub is obtained.
7. The method of forming a wide profile hub as set forth in claim 4, wherein S1 further comprises, prior to upsetting, back extruding and punching the as-cast billet:
homogenizing the as-cast billet.
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