CN115780723A - Forming die and method for wide special-shaped hub - Google Patents
Forming die and method for wide special-shaped hub Download PDFInfo
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- CN115780723A CN115780723A CN202310040497.9A CN202310040497A CN115780723A CN 115780723 A CN115780723 A CN 115780723A CN 202310040497 A CN202310040497 A CN 202310040497A CN 115780723 A CN115780723 A CN 115780723A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a forming die and a forming method of a wide special-shaped hub, and belongs to the technical field of hub forming. The hub forming method comprises a forward extrusion die and a flaring flanging die, wherein the forward extrusion die is used for respectively forming the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of a target hub by adopting a one-time heating and three-time forming method to obtain an initial extrusion state hub; the flaring and flanging die is used for flaring and flanging the hub in the initial extrusion state to obtain the target hub. The rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of the target hub are sequentially formed by a one-time heating and three-time forming method through a forward extrusion die, and all parts of the hub are formed step by step, so that the contact area of a first male die and a blank during single extrusion is reduced, the load required by hub forming can be obviously reduced, and the requirement on hydraulic equipment in the actual production process is not required to be too high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hub forming, in particular to a forming die and a forming method of a wide special-shaped hub.
Background
The magnesium alloy wheel hub has the advantages of light weight, good damping performance, high strength and the like, and is more and more favored by people. The application of the magnesium alloy hub can realize the light weight requirement of an automobile, simultaneously reduce the consumption of energy, reduce the oil consumption and simultaneously reduce the emission of tail gas, and play a role in environmental protection. The hub is formed mainly by two ways, casting and extruding. However, the cast magnesium alloy hub has problems of shrinkage cavity, shrinkage porosity and the like, so that the hub has poor performance and cannot be popularized. Therefore, the magnesium alloy hub is often formed by extrusion.
The hub has the appearance characteristics that the center hole of the spoke is smaller, the area of the end surface of the spoke is large, and the center part of the spoke is concave. When the hub is formed by forward extrusion in the traditional process, the contact area between the male die and the blank is large, so that the forming load required in the extrusion process is higher. In addition, the central hole of the spoke sinks, so that the hollow blank is not easy to flow to form the spoke part. Therefore, the conventional forward extrusion process requires an extremely large forming load, which is high in the requirement for the extrusion equipment, thereby increasing the production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a forming die and a forming method of a wide special-shaped hub. The technical scheme is as follows:
the forming die comprises a forward extrusion die and a flaring flanging die, wherein the forward extrusion die is used for sequentially forming the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of a target hub by adopting a one-time heating and three-time forming method to obtain an initial hub; the flaring and flanging die is used for flaring and flanging the initial hub to obtain a target hub;
wherein the normal extrusion die comprises a large ejector rod, a small ejector rod support plate, a first lower die plate, a first screw, a first female die base plate, a first female die, a prestressed ring, a plurality of small ejector rods, a female die mandrel, a female die cushion block, an ejection ring, a male die ring, a mandrel, a first upper die plate, a first male die base plate, a male die core and a first male die, wherein the middle part of the first lower die plate is provided with a support plate groove, the small ejector rod support plate is arranged in the support plate groove, the top end of the large ejector rod is connected with the middle part of the bottom surface of the small ejector rod support plate, the first lower die plate, the first female die base plate and the prestressed ring are connected through the first screw, the prestressed ring is positioned at the edge position above the first female die base plate, the prestressed ring is of a hollow structure and has a truncated cone-shaped inner cavity, the outer contour of the first female die is in a truncated cone-shaped matching with the inner cavity of the prestressed ring, the first female die is arranged in the prestressed ring and the outer side of the prestressed ring is contacted with the prestressed ring, the first female die is also of a hollow structure, the upper part of the first female die is provided with a clamping groove, a female die cushion block is arranged in the clamping groove, a female die mandrel is arranged in the inner cavity of the first female die and is provided with a sizing band between the female die cushion block and the female die mandrel, the bottom of the female die mandrel is connected with a first lower die plate and a first female die backing plate through screws, a plurality of small ejector rods are arranged on a small ejector rod support plate, the top ends of the small ejector rods are connected with a female die core shaft, an ejector ring is in threaded connection with the top ends of the small ejector rods through threaded holes formed in the female die mandrel, the first upper die plate, the first male die backing plate and the first male die are sequentially connected from top to bottom through screws, a male die core is arranged in the inner cavity of the first male die and is in interference connection with the first male die, the bottom of the first male die is provided with a limiting bulge, the top end of the male die core is provided with a clamping bulge, the first male die is limited in the inner cavity through the limiting bulge and the clamping bulge, the middle of the bottom of the male die is provided with a mandrel groove, the diameter of the mandrel groove is matched with that of the mandrel, the mandrel is connected with the concave die core shaft and can slide in the mandrel groove, and the inner diameter of the convex die ring is matched with that of the mandrel and is used for being sleeved on the mandrel;
the flaring flanging die comprises an ejector rod, a second lower die plate, a second female die base plate, a pin, a lower die base, four dovetail strips, four female die sliding blocks, a second male die base plate, a second upper die plate and a second screw, wherein an ejector rod through hole is formed in the middle of the second lower die plate, the ejector rod penetrates through the ejector rod through hole and then is connected with the second female die base plate, the lower die base is connected with the edge of the second lower die plate through the pin, the inner cavity of the lower die base is in a circular truncated cone shape, the four female die sliding blocks are combined to form a female die of the flaring flanging die, the shape of the inner cavity of the target hub is the same as that of the male die, the outer side of the female die sliding block is connected with the dovetail strips through the second screw and then is arranged on the second female die base plate and can slide in the inner cavity of the lower die base, the second upper die plate, the second male die base plate and the second male die are sequentially connected through the second screw, and the shape of the second male die is the same as that of the inner contour of the target hub.
Optionally, a first positioning hole in threaded connection with the concave mold core shaft is formed in the bottom end of the mandrel, and the mandrel is in threaded connection with the concave mold core shaft through the first positioning hole.
Optionally, a second positioning hole in threaded connection with the material ejecting ring is formed in the top end of the small ejector rod, and the material ejecting ring is in threaded connection with the top end of the small ejector rod through the second positioning hole.
In a second aspect, a method for forming a profiled wide hub is provided, where the forming mold of the first aspect is used, and the method includes the following steps:
s1, selecting a cylindrical magnesium alloy as-cast blank, and upsetting, reversely extruding and punching the as-cast blank to obtain a hollow blank;
s2, heating the hollow blank and the forward extrusion die to a preset temperature, and sequentially extruding and forming the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of the target hub through the forward extrusion die to obtain an initial hub;
s3, taking out the initial hub, cooling to room temperature, and turning and flattening the end part of the rim of the initial hub;
and S4, heating the turned initial hub and the flaring and flanging die to a preset temperature, and carrying out flaring and flanging on the turned initial hub through the flaring and flanging die to obtain the target hub.
Optionally, when the rim depth, the spoke thickness, and the spoke shape of the target hub are sequentially formed by extrusion through a forward extrusion die in step S2, the method includes the following steps:
s21, after the hollow blank is placed in a forward extrusion die and centered and aligned, a first upper die plate descends to drive a first male die to extrude downwards, so that the hollow blank is filled in a cavity formed by the first male die, a female die gasket and a male die core, and the blank is extruded and flows out from a gap formed by the female die gasket and a female die mandrel sizing band after the cavity is filled with the blank;
s22, when the first male die extrudes the blank to enable the blank to reach the bottom of the first female die, the first upper die plate stops moving downwards, at the moment, the rim part is formed, the first upper die plate moves upwards, the first male die base plate and the first male die move upwards together, and after the male die core is taken away from the blank together, the male die core is pushed back to the first male die by a tool, so that the lower end surface of the first male die and the lower end surface of the male die core are flush;
s23, the first upper template descends, the first male die and the male die core extrude the blank downwards together to enable the blank to flow transversely, the blank stops when the blank is filled in a gap between the female die gasket and the core shaft, then the first upper template ascends, and at the moment, the extrusion of the thickness of the spoke is completed;
s24, sleeving the male die ring on the mandrel, enabling the first upper die plate to descend, pressing the male die ring into the blank after the male die core contacts the male die ring, and obtaining an initial hub after the male die ring is completely immersed into the blank;
and S25, moving the first male die upwards, ejecting the initial hub and the male die ring by the small ejector rod and the ejector ring, and cooling the initial hub at room temperature.
Optionally, in the step S4, when the turned initial hub is subjected to flaring and flanging by the flaring and flanging die, the method includes the following steps:
s41, after the turned initial hub and the flaring flanging die are heated to a preset temperature, the ejector rod drives the second female die base plate to move upwards, so that the female die sliding block slides upwards along the groove of the lower die base, the female die sliding block is opened, and the turned initial hub is placed on the second female die base plate and centered and aligned;
s42, the ejector rod drives the second female die base plate to slide downwards, so that the initial hub coated and turned by the female die sliding block is folded downwards;
s43, the second upper template drives a second male die to descend and perform flaring and flanging on the turned initial hub through the second male die;
and S44, the ejector rod moves upwards to drive the second female die base plate to eject the flaring extrusion piece out and take out, and the flaring extrusion piece is machined and finished after being cooled to the room temperature, so that the target hub is obtained.
Optionally, the S1 further includes, before upsetting, backward extruding and punching the as-cast billet:
and carrying out homogenization treatment on the as-cast blank.
All the optional technical schemes can be combined at will, and the structure after one-to-one combination is not explained in detail in the invention.
By means of the scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of the target hub are sequentially formed by a one-time heating and three-time forming method through a forward extrusion die, and all parts of the hub are formed step by step, so that the contact area of a first male die and a workpiece during single extrusion is reduced, the load required by hub forming can be obviously reduced, and the requirement on hydraulic equipment in the actual production process is not required to be too high.
Furthermore, under the extrusion action of the first male die and the male die core, the depth of the rim is formed by means of the bearing zone between the female die mandrel and the female die cushion block, the thickness of the formed spoke is limited between the female die cushion block and the mandrel, and the shape of the spoke is formed by means of the male die ring, so that each part of the hub is formed step by step, the contact area of the first male die and a blank during single extrusion is reduced, the load required by hub forming can be obviously reduced, the requirement on overhigh hydraulic equipment in the actual production process is not required, and the small-tonnage hydraulic machine can be used for realizing the forming. Moreover, the spoke shape formed by the male die ring solves the problems that the spoke central hole sinks, and metal at the sunken part is not easy to flow to form the spoke part. The whole forward extrusion process is heated once and formed in multiple steps, and the forward extrusion process is divided into multiple steps to be carried out, so that the forming load is obviously reduced.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the technical solutions of the present invention practical in accordance with the contents of the specification, the following detailed description is given of preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a forward extrusion die of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the flaring flanging die of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the present invention with a hollow billet placed on a forward extrusion die.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the forward extrusion first forming of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a second pass of the forward extrusion of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a third pass of the forward extrusion of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of extrusion flare flanging formation in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a hub forming process of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a large ejector rod, 2, a small ejector rod support plate, 3, a first lower template, 4, a first screw, 5, a first female die cushion plate, 6, a first female die, 7, a prestress ring, 8, a small ejector rod, 9, a female die mandrel, 10, a female die cushion block, 11, an ejection ring, 12, a male die ring, 13, a mandrel, 14, a first upper template, 15, a first male die cushion plate, 16, a male die core, 17, a first male die, 18, an ejector rod, 19, a second lower template, 20, a second female die cushion plate, 21, a pin, 22, a lower die holder, 23, a dovetail strip, 24, a female die slide block, 25, a second male die, 26, a second male die cushion plate, 27, a second upper template, 28 and a second screw.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a forming die of a wide special-shaped hub, which comprises a forward extrusion die and a flaring flanging die, wherein the forward extrusion die is used for sequentially forming the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of a target hub by adopting a one-time heating and three-time forming method to obtain an initial hub; the flaring and flanging die is used for flaring and flanging the initial hub to obtain the target hub.
The rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of the target hub are sequentially formed by the forward extrusion die through a one-time heating and three-time forming method, all parts of the hub are formed step by step, and the contact area between the first male die 17 and the blank during single extrusion is reduced, so that the load required by hub forming can be obviously reduced, and the requirement on hydraulic equipment in the actual production process is not required to be overhigh.
As shown in figure 1, the forward extrusion die comprises a large ejector rod 1, a small ejector rod support plate 2, a first lower die plate 3, a first screw 4, a first female die cushion plate 5, a first female die 6, a prestressed ring 7, a plurality of small ejector rods 8, a female die mandrel 9, a female die cushion block 10, an ejector ring 11, a male die ring 12, a mandrel 13, a first upper die plate 14, a first male die cushion plate 15, a male die core 16 and a first male die 17, wherein a support plate groove is formed in the middle of the first lower die plate 3, the small ejector rod support plate 2 is arranged in the support plate groove, the top end of the large ejector rod 1 is in threaded connection with the middle of the bottom surface of the small ejector rod support plate 2, the first lower die plate 3, the first female die cushion plate 5 and the prestressed ring 7 are connected through the first screw 4, the prestressed ring 7 is positioned at the edge position above the first female die cushion plate 5, the prestressed ring 7 is of a hollow structure, and the inner cavity of the prestressed ring is in a circular truncated cone shape, the outer contour of the first female die 6 is in a circular truncated cone shape matched with the inner cavity of the prestressed ring 7, the first female die 6 is arranged in the prestressed ring 7, the outer side of the first female die 6 is contacted with the prestressed ring 7, the first female die 6 is also in a hollow structure, the upper part of the first female die 6 is provided with a clamping groove, a female die cushion block 10 is arranged in the clamping groove, a female die mandrel 9 is arranged in the inner cavity of the first female die 6, a sizing belt is reserved between the female die cushion block 10 and the first female die base plate 3, the bottom of the female die mandrel 9 is connected with the first lower die plate 5 through screws, a plurality of small ejector rods 8 are arranged on the small ejector rod support plate 2, the top ends of the small ejector rods 8 are connected with the female die mandrel 9, the ejector ring 11 is in threaded connection with the top ends of the small ejector rods 8 through threaded holes arranged on the female die mandrel 9, the first upper die plate 14, the first male die base plate 15 and the first male die 17 are sequentially connected through screws from top to bottom, and the male die 16 is arranged in the inner cavity of the first male die 17 and is in interference connection with the first male die 17, the bottom end of the first male die 17 is provided with a limiting protrusion, the top end of the male die core 16 is provided with a clamping protrusion, the male die core 16 is limited in the inner cavity of the first male die 17 through the limiting protrusion and the clamping protrusion of the first male die 17, a mandrel groove is formed in the middle of the bottom of the male die core 16, the diameter of the mandrel groove is matched with the diameter of the mandrel 13, so that the mandrel 13 can slide in the mandrel groove, the mandrel 13 is in threaded connection with the female die mandrel 9 and can slide in the mandrel groove, and the inner diameter of the male die ring 12 is matched with the diameter of the mandrel 13 and is sleeved on the mandrel 13.
In the positive extrusion die, the small ejector rod 8 and the ejection ring 11 are fixed by threads and used for taking out the blank after the blank is extruded, and the ejection ring 11 returns after the extrusion piece is taken out. In addition, as shown in fig. 1, the die mandrel 9 is only contacted with the top of the small ejector rod 8, and the die mandrel 9 is not arranged at the lower part of the small ejector rod 8, so that the weight reduction design of the die mandrel 9 is realized, the weight of the part is reduced, and the production cost is also saved. Due to the design of the bearing belt between the female die gasket 10 and the female die mandrel 9, the contact area between the blank at the lower end of the rim and the die is small in the forward extrusion process of the hollow blank, the frictional resistance in forward extrusion is reduced, and the extrusion load of the first male die 17 is further reduced.
As shown in fig. 2, the flaring flanging die comprises an ejector rod 18, a second lower die plate 19, a second female die backing plate 20, a pin 21, a lower die holder 22, four dovetail strips 23, four female die sliders 24, a second male die 25, a second male die backing plate 26, a second upper die plate 27 and second screws 28, wherein an ejector rod through hole is formed in the middle of the second lower die plate 19, the ejector rod 18 penetrates through the ejector rod through hole and then is in threaded connection with the second female die backing plate 20, the lower die holder 22 is connected with the edge of the second lower die plate 19 through the pin 21, the inner cavity of the lower die holder 22 is in a circular truncated cone shape, the four female die sliders 24 are combined to form a female die of the flaring flanging die, the outer side of each female die slider 24 is connected with the dovetail strip 23 through the second screws 28 and then is placed on the second female die backing plate 20 and can slide in the inner cavity of the lower die holder 22, the shape of the female die slider 24 is combined to form an inner cavity of the female die which is the same as the outer contour of the target male die hub, the second upper die plate 27, the second female die backing plate 26 and the second male die 25 are sequentially connected through the second male die 28 from top to bottom, and the shape of the inner contour of the target male die.
In the forward extrusion die provided by the embodiment of the invention, as the first female die 6 and the female die mandrel 9 are spaced at a larger distance, a replaceable space is reserved for replacing dies with different specifications and models, and only a small number of parts are required to be replaced when other types or models of hubs are produced next time, so that the production cost can be greatly saved. For example, when the mold provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for producing a certain type of hub and the next same type of hub with different shapes or different types of hubs is finished, the female mold mandrel 9, the female mold gasket 10, the liftout ring 11, the male mold ring 12, the mandrel 13 and the male mold core 16 in the extrusion mold, and the female mold slider 24 and the second male mold 25 in the flaring flanging mold can be partially or completely corrected according to actual requirements, and other parts can be reused.
Optionally, the bottom end of the mandrel 13 is provided with a first positioning hole in threaded connection with the female die mandrel 9, the mandrel 13 is in threaded connection with the female die mandrel 9 through the first positioning hole, the top end of the small ejector rod 8 is provided with a second positioning hole in threaded connection with the ejector ring 11, and the ejector ring 11 is in threaded connection with the top end of the small ejector rod 8 through the second positioning hole.
Corresponding first positioning holes and second positioning holes are designed at corresponding positions of the mandrel 13 and the small ejector rod 8, so that when a production worker installs a die, the purpose is to realize accurate butt joint of threads of the mandrel 13 and the small ejector rod 8, and the threads of the mandrel 13 and the small ejector rod 8 are screwed down more easily.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a forming method of the wide special-shaped hub, which adopts the forming die of the wide special-shaped hub and comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a cylindrical cast blank of magnesium alloy, and upsetting, reversely extruding and punching the cast blank to obtain the hollow blank.
Optionally, the S1 may further perform a homogenization treatment on the as-cast billet before the upsetting, the backward extrusion and the punching of the as-cast billet. As the cast-state blank contains the defects of shrinkage cavity, shrinkage porosity and the like, the cast-state structure segregation can be eliminated after the cast-state blank is subjected to homogenization treatment. The deformation degree of the upper center and the lower center of the blank after upsetting is small, and the area with small deformation degree is removed after punching treatment, so that the blank structure is more uniform, and the performance strength of the blank is improved.
And S2, heating the hollow blank and the forward extrusion die to a preset temperature, and sequentially extruding and forming the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of the target hub through the forward extrusion die to obtain the initial hub.
Wherein the predetermined temperature is at least the deformation temperature of the as-cast billet. S2, when the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of the target hub are sequentially extruded and formed through the forward extrusion die, the method comprises the following steps:
s21, after the hollow blank is placed in the forward extrusion die and centered and aligned (as shown in fig. 3), the first upper die plate 14 moves downward to drive the first male die 17 to extrude downward, so that the hollow blank is filled in a cavity formed by the first male die 17, the female die gasket 10 and the male die core 16, and after the cavity is filled with the blank, the blank flows out from a gap formed by the female die gasket 10 and the bearing of the female die mandrel 9 by extrusion, as shown in fig. 4.
S22, when the first male die 17 extrudes the blank to enable the blank to reach the bottom of the first female die 6, the first upper die plate 14 stops moving downwards, at the moment, the rim part is formed, the first upper die plate 14 moves upwards, the first male die backing plate 15 moves upwards together with the first male die 17, and after the male die core 16 is taken away from the blank together, the male die core 16 is pushed back to the first male die 17 by a tool, so that the first male die 17 is flush with the lower end surface of the male die core 16.
And S23, the first upper template 14 moves downwards, the first male die 17 and the male die core 16 extrude the blank downwards together due to the interference fit of the male die core 16 and the first male die 17, the blank flows transversely, the blank stops flowing when the blank is filled in the gap between the female die gasket 10 and the mandrel 13, as shown in the figure 5, then the first upper template 14 moves upwards, and at the moment, the extrusion of the thickness of the spoke is completed.
And S24, sleeving the convex die ring 12 on the mandrel 13, enabling the first upper die plate 14 to descend, and after the convex die core 16 contacts the convex die ring 12, enabling the first upper die plate 14 to descend continuously to press the convex die ring 12 into the blank, wherein as shown in fig. 6, the initial hub is obtained after the convex die ring 12 is completely immersed into the blank.
S25, moving the first male die 17 upwards, ejecting the initial hub and the male die ring 12 by the small ejector rod 8 and the ejector ring 11, and cooling the initial hub at room temperature.
When the forward extrusion die provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for extruding and forming the wheel hub, under the extrusion action of the first male die 17 and the male die core 16, the depth of a wheel rim is formed by virtue of a bearing zone between the female die mandrel 9 and the female die cushion block 10, the thickness of a formed wheel spoke is limited between the female die cushion block 10 and the mandrel 13, and the shape of the wheel spoke is formed by virtue of the male die ring 12, so that each part of the wheel hub is formed step by step, the contact area between the first male die 17 and a blank during single extrusion is reduced, the load required by wheel hub forming can be obviously reduced, and the requirement on hydraulic equipment in the actual production process is not required to be too high. In addition, through step-by-step forming, the complexity of the forward extrusion die is reduced, and the failure rate of the die is reduced. Furthermore, the spoke shape is formed through the male die ring 12, and the problems that the spoke central hole sinks, and metal at the sunken part is not easy to flow to form the spoke part are solved. The whole forward extrusion process is only heated once, so that one-time forming of the hub is realized, and the problem that the performance of the hub is reduced due to multiple times of heating of multi-pass extrusion forming blanks is solved.
And S3, taking out the initial hub, cooling to room temperature, and turning and flattening the end part of the rim of the initial hub.
In order to enable the initial hub to be placed in the flaring flanging die, in addition, the flaring flanging needs to take the inner side end face of the spoke as a reference surface, therefore, in the turning process of the embodiment of the invention, the turning cutting is carried out at a preset depth from the lower end of the rim, and the turning sweeping is carried out at a preset thickness from the upper end of the spoke, so that the problem that the bottom end of the initial hub is not flat due to uneven extrusion deformation caused by friction force is solved.
Preferably, to reduce the amount of turning, embodiments of the invention may provide that the length of the bearing band between the die washer 10 and the die mandrel 9 is equal to or slightly greater than the rim depth.
And S4, heating the turned initial hub and the flaring and flanging die to a preset temperature, and carrying out flaring and flanging on the turned initial hub through the flaring and flanging die to obtain the target hub.
And S4, when the turned initial hub is subjected to flaring and flanging through the flaring and flanging die, the method comprises the following steps:
s41, after the turned initial hub and the flaring flanging die are heated to a preset temperature, the ejector rod 18 drives the second female die backing plate 20 to move upwards, the female die sliding block 24 slides upwards along the groove of the lower die holder 22, the female die sliding block 24 is opened, and the turned initial hub is placed on the second female die backing plate 20 and aligned in the middle.
S42, the ejector rod 18 drives the second die backing plate 20 to slide downwards, so that the initial hub coated and turned by the die sliding block 24 is folded downwards, as shown in fig. 7.
And S43, the second upper template 27 drives the second male die 25 to descend and perform flaring and flanging on the turned initial hub through the second male die 25.
And S44, the ejector rod 18 moves upwards to drive the second female die base plate 20 to eject the flaring extrusion piece out and take out, and after the flaring extrusion piece is cooled to room temperature, the flaring extrusion piece is subjected to finish machining to obtain the target hub.
The shape of the inner cavity of the female die formed by combining the four female die sliding blocks 24 is the same as the shape of the outer contour of the target hub, and the shape of the second male die 25 is the same as the shape of the inner contour of the target contour, so that the target hub can be obtained after flaring and flanging.
The invention optimizes the structure of the male die, realizes the step-by-step forming of the hub by combining the telescopic male die and the male die ring, reduces the contact area between the male die and a workpiece in the forward extrusion process, decomposes the traditional whole deformation process into a plurality of steps, and further greatly reduces the forming load.
The forward extrusion die and the flaring flanging die in the embodiment of the invention are both designed in a replaceable manner, so that part of parts in the invention can be recycled, the cost is reduced to a great extent, and certain guiding significance is provided for the design of a changeable multi-specification hub extrusion die.
In summary, as shown in fig. 8, the hub forming process flow of the embodiment of the present invention is: blanking, upsetting, backward extrusion, punching, forward extrusion, machining (turning) and flaring and flanging. The method specifically comprises the following steps: and obtaining a corresponding as-cast blank according to the calculated blanking size, homogenizing the as-cast blank, heating the die to a preset temperature, upsetting, reversely extruding and punching to obtain a hollow blank, and cooling the hollow blank at room temperature for the next process flow. And then heating the hollow blank and the forward extrusion die to a preset temperature, then carrying out extrusion forming in three steps according to the process flow, and then taking out the initial hub to cool at room temperature. And turning the end part of the rim by the initial hub to be flat, and finally performing flaring and flanging on the turned initial hub to obtain the target hub.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The forming die for the wide special-shaped hub is characterized by comprising a forward extrusion die and a flaring flanging die, wherein the forward extrusion die is used for sequentially forming the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of a target hub by adopting a one-time heating and three-time forming method to obtain an initial hub; the flaring and flanging die is used for flaring and flanging the initial hub to obtain a target hub;
wherein the normal extrusion die comprises a large ejector rod (1), a small ejector rod support plate (2), a first lower template (3), a first screw (4), a first female die base plate (5), a first female die (6), a prestressing ring (7), a plurality of small ejector rods (8), a female die mandrel (9), a female die cushion block (10), an ejection ring (11), a male die ring (12), a mandrel (13), a first upper template (14), a first male die base plate (15), a male die core (16) and a first male die (17) to form a telescopic male die, a support plate groove is formed in the middle of the first lower template (3), the small ejector rod support plate (2) is arranged in the support plate groove, the top end of the large ejector rod (1) is connected with the middle of the bottom surface of the small ejector rod support plate (2), the first lower template (3), the first female die base plate (5) and the prestressing ring (7) are connected through the first screw (4), the prestressing ring (7) is positioned at the edge position above the first female die base plate (5), the prestressing ring (7) is of a hollow structure, the inner cavity of the first female die ring is in contact with the inner cavity of the first female die (6), and the inner cavity of the prestressing ring (7), the female die cushion block (10) is arranged in the clamping groove, the female die mandrel (9) is arranged in the inner cavity of the first female die (6) and a sizing band is reserved between the female die cushion block (10), the bottom of the female die mandrel (9) is connected with the first lower die plate (3) and the first female die cushion plate (5) through screws, a plurality of small ejector rods (8) are arranged on the small ejector rod support plate (2), the top ends of the small ejector rods (8) are connected with the female die mandrel (9), the ejector ring (11) is in threaded connection with the top end of the small ejector rod (8) through threaded holes formed in the female die mandrel (9), the first upper die plate (14), the first male die cushion plate (15) and the first male die (17) are sequentially connected from top to bottom through screws, the core (16) is arranged in the inner cavity of the first male die (17) and is in interference connection with the first male die (17), the bottom end of the first male die (17) is provided with a limiting bulge, and the top end of the core (16) is provided with a clamping bulge, the male die core (16) is limited in the inner cavity of the first male die (17) through the first male die (17) with the limiting bulge and the clamping bulge, a mandrel groove is formed in the middle of the bottom of the male die core (16), the diameter of the mandrel groove is matched with that of the mandrel (13), the mandrel (13) is connected with the female die mandrel (9) and can slide in the mandrel groove, and the inner diameter of the male die ring (12) is matched with that of the mandrel (13) and is used for being sleeved on the mandrel (13);
the flaring flanging die comprises a mandril (18), a second lower die plate (19), a second female die base plate (20), a pin (21), a lower die base (22), four dovetail strips (23), four female die sliding blocks (24), a second male die (25), a second male die base plate (26), a second upper die plate (27) and second screws (28), wherein a mandril through hole is formed in the middle of the second lower die plate (19), the mandril (18) penetrates through the mandril through hole and then is connected with the second female die base plate (20), the lower die base (22) is connected with the edge of the second lower die plate (19) through the pin (21), the inner cavity of the lower die base (22) is in a circular truncated cone shape, the four female die sliding blocks (24) are combined to form a female die of the flaring die, the shape of the female die inner cavity is the same as the shape of a target hub, the outer sides of the female die sliding blocks (24) are connected with the dovetail strips (23) through the second screws (28) and then are placed on the second female die (20) and can slide in the inner cavity of the lower die base (22), the second upper die plate (27), the second lower die base plate (26), the second male die base plate and the second male die base plate (25) are connected with the male die hub sequentially through the male die from top to the target hub in the same shape.
2. The forming die for the wide special-shaped wheel hub according to claim 1, wherein a first positioning hole in threaded connection with the female die mandrel (9) is formed in the bottom end of the mandrel (13), and the mandrel (13) is in threaded connection with the female die mandrel (9) through the first positioning hole.
3. The forming die for the wide special-shaped wheel hub according to claim 1, wherein a second positioning hole in threaded connection with the ejection ring (11) is formed at the top end of the small ejector rod (8), and the ejection ring (11) is in threaded connection with the top end of the small ejector rod (8) through the second positioning hole.
4. A method for forming a wide profiled hub, wherein the method for forming adopts a forming die of the wide profiled hub as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
s1, selecting a cylindrical magnesium alloy as-cast blank, and upsetting, reversely extruding and punching the as-cast blank to obtain a hollow blank;
s2, heating the hollow blank and the forward extrusion die to a preset temperature, and sequentially extruding and forming the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of the target hub through the forward extrusion die to obtain an initial hub;
s3, taking out the initial hub, cooling to room temperature, and turning and flattening the end part of the rim of the initial hub;
and S4, heating the turned initial hub and the flaring and flanging die to a preset temperature, and carrying out flaring and flanging on the turned initial hub through the flaring and flanging die to obtain the target hub.
5. The method for forming a wide profiled hub as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step S2 includes the following steps when the rim depth, the spoke thickness and the spoke shape of the target hub are sequentially formed by extrusion through the forward extrusion die:
s21, after the hollow blank is placed in a forward extrusion die and centered and aligned, a first upper die plate (14) descends to drive a first male die (17) to extrude downwards, so that the hollow blank is filled in a cavity formed by the first male die (17), a female die gasket (10) and a male die core (16), and the blank is extruded and flows out from a gap formed by the female die gasket (10) and a female die core shaft (9) sizing band after the cavity is filled with the blank;
s22, when the first male die (17) extrudes the blank to enable the blank to reach the bottom of the first female die (6), the first upper die plate (14) stops moving downwards, at the moment, the rim part is formed, the first upper die plate (14) moves upwards, the first male die backing plate (15) and the first male die (17) move upwards together, and after the male die core (16) is taken away from the blank together, the male die core (16) is pushed back to the first male die (17) by a tool, so that the first male die (17) is flush with the lower end surface of the male die core (16);
s23, the first upper template (14) descends, the first male die (17) and the male die core (16) extrude the blank downwards together, the blank flows transversely, the blank stops when the blank is filled in a gap between the female die gasket (10) and the core shaft (13), then the first upper template (14) ascends, and at the moment, the thickness extrusion of the spoke is completed;
s24, sleeving the convex die ring (12) on the mandrel (13), enabling the first upper template (14) to move downwards, pressing the convex die ring (12) into a blank when the convex die core (16) contacts the convex die ring (12) and the first upper template (14) continues to move downwards, and obtaining an initial hub when the convex die ring (12) is completely immersed into the blank;
s25, the first male die (17) moves upwards, the small ejector rod (8) and the ejector ring (11) eject the initial hub and the male die ring (12), and then the initial hub is cooled at room temperature.
6. The method for forming the wide special-shaped hub according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the step S4 comprises the following steps when the turned initial hub is subjected to flaring and flanging through a flaring and flanging die:
s41, after the turned initial hub and the flaring flanging die are heated to a preset temperature, the ejector rod (18) drives the second female die backing plate (20) to move upwards, so that the female die sliding block (24) slides upwards along the groove of the lower die holder (22), the female die sliding block (24) is opened, and the turned initial hub is placed on the second female die backing plate (20) and aligned in the middle;
s42, the ejector rod (18) drives the second female die backing plate (20) to slide downwards, so that the initial hub coated and turned by the female die sliding block (24) is folded downwards;
s43, the second upper template (27) drives a second male die (25) to move downwards, and the turned initial hub is subjected to flaring and flanging through the second male die (25);
s44, the ejector rod (18) moves upwards to drive the second female die base plate (20) to eject the flaring extrusion piece out and take out, and after the flaring extrusion piece is cooled to room temperature, the flaring extrusion piece is machined and finished to obtain the target hub.
7. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step S1 further comprises the steps of, before upsetting, back-extruding and punching the as-cast blank:
and homogenizing the as-cast blank.
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| CN202310040497.9A CN115780723B (en) | 2023-01-13 | 2023-01-13 | Forming die and method for wide special-shaped hub |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116984534A (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2023-11-03 | 深圳市长盈精密技术股份有限公司 | Cover plate forming method and battery top cover |
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| CN115780723B (en) | 2023-06-09 |
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