CN115775962A - Novel ridge waveguide power divider - Google Patents
Novel ridge waveguide power divider Download PDFInfo
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- CN115775962A CN115775962A CN202111048189.8A CN202111048189A CN115775962A CN 115775962 A CN115775962 A CN 115775962A CN 202111048189 A CN202111048189 A CN 202111048189A CN 115775962 A CN115775962 A CN 115775962A
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel power divider based on a Gysel circuit, in particular to a novel power divider with a ridge waveguide structure, wherein the working frequency band of the power divider is 1.4GHz-4.2GHz, the bandwidth reaches triple frequency, and the frequency band range is 1.4GHz-4.2GHz; the input return loss S11 is lower than 20dB; the isolation S21 is greater than 20dB; bearing power: p is greater than 300W. The ridge waveguide structure integrates the volume and provides better power handling capability. In order to improve the bandwidth and match, the topological structure of the ridge waveguide is optimized, and the electrical length of (1/2) lambda between the output ends is changed into the parallel connection of two sections of (1/4) lambda electrical lengths; according to the optimized ridge waveguide Gysel power divider model, the input port is increased in impedance conversion width, the T-shaped structure at the output port is subjected to impedance conversion design, the ridge width height of the output port is reduced, the height is converted into the main ridge height, the third section of matching width is converted into the main ridge width, the load port is subjected to one section of impedance conversion, the ridge height is subjected to fine adjustment, and the middle ridge is designed to be a convex structure; carrying out protrusion folding treatment on the middle resistor part; the power and bandwidth of the power divider are improved, the waveguide dispersion is reduced, and the power divider has the performance characteristics of high bearing power, low reflection loss, low transmission loss and high isolation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave and millimeter wave devices, particularly relates to a microwave power synthesis technical product, and more particularly relates to a Gysel-based ridge waveguide power divider.
Background
The ridge waveguide power divider is a high-power electromagnetic wave realizing device which plays an important role in the aspect of military and civil application. The power divider of the traditional waveguide structure has the advantages of large volume, difficult integration and poor power processing capability, and limits the use of the power divider in engineering. Currently, the research and application of the ridge waveguide power divider with excellent performance are more active in the industry. The ultimate goal of the power splitter design is to split the incident power to the output ports, or vice versa, at the desired splitting ratio with maximum efficiency over the design bandwidth. In order to obtain maximum power transfer, two important conditions must be met. First, the device itself must be physically symmetric with respect to the output port to achieve equal phase and amplitude balance. Secondly, the impedance of the input port must match the impedance of the output port as much as possible, otherwise the power transmission loss is too large, which not only reduces the output power, but also increases the cavity heat. Many of the current novel power dividers need good amplitude and phase balance between input signals to work normally, and once no load is terminated, other input ends are easily affected by reflected power, but the high-power isolator is large in size, poor in linearity and increased in loss. Gysel proposed a new synthesis circuit in 1975, offering a solution to the two limitations described above. The Gysel circuit has almost twice the bandwidth of a conventional synthesizer, and in a fault condition, the two terminal loads will shunt the power consumed in the synthesizer, and thus can be rated at half as much as desired. Therefore, the current Gysel waveguide structure is researched and improved, the circuit structure is improved from the aspects of expanding bandwidth, reducing loss, reducing waveguide dispersion and the like, the defects of large volume, difficulty in integration and poor power processing capability of a power divider of the waveguide structure are overcome, and the engineering application is further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a novel power divider with a ridge waveguide structure;
the invention relates to a power divider of a ridge waveguide structure based on a Gysel circuit, which consists of a transmission loop wire with the total length of lambda, an input end, two output ends and two load ends, and is characterized in that based on the Gysel circuit, the ridge waveguide is analyzed, an initial circuit is obtained by a computer, then the circuit structure is improved from the aspects of expanding the bandwidth, reducing the loss, reducing the waveguide dispersion and the like, the electrical arm parameters of five ports are determined one by one through parameter sweeping, the circuit structure is improved from the aspects of expanding the bandwidth, reducing the loss, reducing the waveguide dispersion and the like, the impedance transformation and the matching structure are improved, the parameter sweeping is optimized in simulation software, the real object of the circuit design is predicted and planned, and finally the design index is reached;
compared with the traditional power divider, the invention has high bandwidth, high power and low waveguide dispersion;
compared with the traditional power divider, the invention has the advantages of high bandwidth, low loss, low waveguide dispersion, easy integration and strong power processing capability;
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages;
1. the invention provides a novel power divider of a ridge waveguide structure based on a Gysel circuit, wherein the Gysel circuit is connected with two grounded external isolation resistors, the structure capable of directly transmitting heat to the ground can bear higher power, the power divider is of a five-port structure, a port 1 is an input end, a port 2 and a port 3 are output ends, a port 4 is an isolation port, a port 5 is a terminal load, reference impedances of the ports are the same, the whole transmission line can be divided into three parts according to characteristic impedance, equivalent circuit analysis is carried out on the transmission line at a central frequency, the electrical length of a transmission line branch is set to be 90 degrees for theta V1 and theta H1, and the electrical length of the transmission line branch is set to be 180 degrees for theta H2. The lengths of the transmission lines of the three parts are lambdag/4, so that the frequency band range is within 1.4GHz-4.2GHz, and the bandwidth reaches triple frequency;
2. in the invention, at the junction and transition of the ridge waveguide tube, the topological structure of the ridge waveguide tube is modified, the (1/2) electrical length between two output ends is changed into the parallel connection of two sections (1/4) of electrical lengths so as to increase the bandwidth, the impedance is changed into a multi-section parallel connection, the single-section impedance is increased, the ridge waveguide is narrowed, the gap is increased, the middle resistance part is subjected to protrusion folding treatment to adjust the wavelength of the electrical length, the electrical length is increased, and the problem that the phase mismatch is possibly caused by the change of the electrical length due to the existence of waveguide dispersion is solved;
3. the invention optimizes the air cavity structure, adds a multi-section structure in the structural optimization, further expands the bandwidth, and increases the impedance transformation width of the input port; at an output port, impedance transformation is carried out at the T-shaped structure, the ridge width is reduced, the ridge height is reduced, the second section matching width is 9mm, the ridge height is transformed into the main ridge height, and the third section matching width is transformed into the main ridge width; 4. the 5 port is subjected to impedance transformation, fine adjustment is carried out on the ridge height, the ridge height is increased to 8.9mm, and the convex structure design is carried out on the middle ridge;
4. the invention carries out sweep parameter optimization through HFSS software, analyzes a simulation result, tests that the center frequency point of the power divider is at 2.8GHz, the input return loss data is better, the value is below-20 dB on the whole frequency band, the peak is at 2.63GHz, the loss is below-20.89 dB, the test belongs to an acceptable result, the return loss data of the output wide port is better, compared with S11, the fluctuation in the whole frequency band is smaller, the peak is at 3.1GHz, the loss reaches below-21 dB, the insertion loss curve can show that the insertion loss of the whole frequency band meets the index below-3.02, the isolation simulation results of the 2 and 3 ports show that the frequency band is also below-20 dB, the peak is at 3.25GHz, the value is below-21.5 dB, and the initial design result is met. The simulation test results all meet the design indexes in excess, the simulation results can obtain the real objects meeting the conditions, and the consistency of the simulation and experiment results is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a Gysel circuit architecture of a multi-node impedance architecture;
FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of the calculated impedance/admittance;
FIG. 3 is a mode matching analysis ladder waveguide;
FIG. 4 is a ridge waveguide Gysel power divider model;
FIG. 5 is a ridge waveguide Gysel power divider return loss simulation curve;
FIG. 6 is a simulation curve of insertion loss of a ridge waveguide Gysel power divider;
fig. 7 is a simulation curve of the isolation of the ridge waveguide Gysel power divider.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
first, the design of a novel power divider of the present invention will be described. Fig. 1 is a circuit structure design of a multi-section impedance structure of the present invention, and more specifically, a Gysel circuit structure of a multi-section impedance structure. In the above structure, the structure of the conventional Gysel circuit is optimized, and the specific implementation manner is as follows.
By calculating the characteristic impedance and the wavelength of the ridge waveguide section. For a transmission loop line with a total length of 1.5 lambda, one input terminal, two output terminals and two load terminals. The parameter values of different sections of the transmission line are different, and the initial value of impedance/admittance is obtained in the expression of fig. 2, and finally the size parameter of the initial waveguide is obtained.
After the design is completed, the key size of the structure is optimized in the CST simulation environment, so that the coupling, return loss and isolation of the structure can reach the required performance. The required properties are: the frequency band range is 1.4GHz to 4.2GHz; input return loss S11<20dB; the internal insertion loss S12< -2dB; the isolation S21 is more than 20dB and the bearing power P is more than 300W.
Further: in order to better achieve corresponding indexes, the multisection impedance circuit structure is more strictly integrated at the junction and the transition of the ridge waveguide tube, the initial model is improved again, and the topological structure of the ridge waveguide tube is modified. The bandwidth is increased by changing the (1/2) electrical length between the two outputs to a parallel connection of two (1/4) electrical lengths. In the designed index frequency band range, (1/2) the electrical length corresponds to small impedance, and the a and b values in the ridge waveguide are larger, so that the impedance is easily coupled with the input branch, the impedance is changed into multi-section parallel connection, the single-section impedance is higher, the ridge waveguide is narrowed, and the gap is increased.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the multi-section impedance circuit structure is characterized in that in order to reduce the phase mismatching of the electrical length under the influence of waveguide dispersion, the electrical length is increased to adjust the wavelength of the electrical length, the middle resistance part is subjected to protrusion folding processing, the multi-section structure is added in the structural optimization and used for further expanding the bandwidth, a step waveguide is analyzed by using a mode matching method, a step function is calculated by using a computer, the circuit is divided into independent areas according to steps, as shown in figure 3, a step tangential field is described by using a matrix multiplication mode, namely, the step tangential field is formed by multiplying a function matrix F (x), a function matrix H (x) and column vectors formed by field amplitude coefficients of the areas. After the initial value of the design is calculated by using a pattern matching method, the parameter scanning optimization is continuously performed in HFSS software. The optimization result reaches the input return loss S11<20dB; the internal insertion loss S12< -2dB; the isolation S21 is more than 20dB, and the bearing power P is more than 300W.
The structure is continuously optimized, and the finally obtained ridge waveguide Gysel power divider model is simulated as shown in FIG. 4, wherein 1 port is a main ridge, w =10.16 of the width of the main ridge, h =8.9 of the height of the main ridge, and the impedance transformation width of an input port is increased to 14mm; 2. the 3 port is an output port, the impedance conversion designed at the T-shaped structure reduces the ridge width of the output port to 6mm, the height to 8.68mm, the matching width of the second section to 9mm, the height to the main ridge height, and the matching width of the third section to the main ridge width; 4. the 5 ports adopt a section of impedance transformation to finely adjust the ridge height, and the middle ridge is designed into a convex structure.
The invention meets the indexes in the testing process: band range: 1.4GHz-4.2GHz; inputting return loss: s11<20dB; isolation degree: s21>20dB; bearing power: p >300W.
Further description is provided below.
When the tested center frequency point is at 2.8GHz, the return loss of the input/output port is shown in FIG. 5, the input return loss data is better, the values are all below-20 dB in the full frequency band, the maximum point is 2.63GHz and the loss is-20.89 dB, which can be seen through identification, the received result is obtained, the return loss data of the output wide port is more excellent, the fluctuation in the whole frequency band is smaller compared with S11, the maximum point is 3.1GHz and is already below-21 dB, FIG. 6 is an insertion loss curve, the insertion loss of the whole frequency band can be seen to meet the index below-3.02, FIG. 7 is the isolation simulation result of the 2 and 3 ports, the isolation simulation result in the frequency band is below-20 dB, the maximum point is 3.25GHz and the value is-21.5 dB, and the initial design result is met. The results of the simulation tests meet the design indexes in excess, and allowance is left on the basis of meeting the expected standards. From experience, the simulation result can obtain a real object meeting the conditions.
In conclusion, the invention provides a novel power divider based on the Gysel circuit, the invention discloses that the working frequency band of the novel power divider is 1.4GHz-4.2GHz, and the bandwidth reaches triple frequency. The ridge waveguide structure integrates the volume and provides better power handling capability. In order to improve the bandwidth and the matching, the topological structure of the ridge waveguide is optimized, the 1/2 electrical length between the output ends is changed into the parallel connection of two sections of 1/4 electrical lengths, meanwhile, because of the existence of waveguide dispersion, the middle resistance part is subjected to protrusion folding processing, impedance transformation effectively improves the matching, branch coupling is reduced, the return loss and the isolation degree both meet indexes and leave margins, the effect of carrying out physical testing can reach expected indexes, and physical manufacturing can be carried out.
Claims (6)
1. A novel ridge waveguide power divider is a power combiner of a ridge waveguide structure based on a Gysel circuit, and is composed of a transmission loop line with the total length of lambda, an input end, two output ends and two load ends.
2. The novel ridge waveguide power divider of claim 1, characterized in that a ridge waveguide structure is adopted on the basis of a Gysel circuit, two grounded external isolation resistors in the Gysel circuit can bear higher power by directly transmitting heat to the ground, and the lengths of transmission lines of the three parts are all lambdag/4, so that the working frequency band of the power divider is 1.4GHz-4.2GHz, and the expansion bandwidth reaches triple frequency.
3. The novel ridge waveguide power divider as claimed in claim 1, wherein a ridge waveguide structure is used to integrate the volume, thereby providing more excellent power handling capability, and the ridge waveguide is improved at the junction and transition, thereby optimizing the ridge waveguide topology, improving the bandwidth and matching structure, changing the (1/2) electrical length between the output ends into a parallel connection of two (1/4) electrical lengths, and simultaneously, the middle resistor part is processed by protruding and folding, so that the single-section impedance is higher, the ridge waveguide is narrower, and the gap is increased.
4. The ridge waveguide Gysel power divider as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the air cavity structure is optimized, the main ridge width of the input port after optimization is 10.16mm, the total length is 35.2mm, the main ridge height is 8.9mm, the impedance transformation width of the input port is increased to 14mm, and the length is 10.2 mm; impedance transformation design is carried out at the T-shaped structure department at output port department, and the ridge width of output port reduces to 6mm, and highly reducing is 8.68mm, and second section matching width is 9mm, and highly the transform becomes main ridge height, and third section matching width becomes main ridge width, and load port adopts a lesson impedance transformation, finely tunes ridge height, and middle ridge design is bellied structure.
5. The ridge waveguide Gysel power divider as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the design is analyzed by perturbation theory of thin ridge waveguide, and the computer is used to obtain the initial circuit, and then the circuit structure is improved from the aspects of expanding bandwidth, reducing loss, reducing waveguide dispersion, etc., the electrical arm parameters of five ports are determined one by using HFSS sweep parameter, and the protrusion folding processing is performed on the resistance connection part of the middle section, so as to reduce the influence caused by the non-uniform electrical length. Frequency band: 1.4GHz-4.2GHz; inputting return loss: s11<20dB; isolation degree: s21>20dB; bearing power: p >300W. When the tested center frequency point is at 2.8GHz, the input return loss data has the numerical value below-20 dB on the full frequency band, the highest point is 2.63GHz, the loss is-20.89 dB, the fluctuation in the whole frequency band is small under the comparison of the output wide port and S11, the highest point is 3.1GHz, the peak reaches below-21 dB, the insertion loss is below-3.02, and the index is met. The method comprises the steps of carrying out sweep parameter optimization by utilizing HFSS software, enabling input return loss data to be good when a central frequency point is at 2.8GHz according to simulation results, enabling values on a full frequency band to be below-20 dB, enabling a peak to be at 2.63GHz, enabling loss to be at-20.89 dB, enabling return loss data of an output port to be better than expected, enabling fluctuation in the whole frequency band to be small, enabling the peak to be at 3.1GHz and reaching below-21 dB, enabling insertion loss of the whole frequency band to be below-3.02 and meet indexes, enabling isolation simulation results of ports 2 and 3 to be below-20 dB, enabling the peak to be at 3.25GHz and enabling the values to be at-21.5 dB, and meeting initial design results. The results of simulation tests all excessively meet the design indexes, and allowance is reserved on the basis of meeting the expected standard, so that the effect of performing physical tests can reach the expected indexes.
6. The novel ridge waveguide power divider as claimed in claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the power divider indexes are as follows: frequency band: 1.4GHz-4.2GHz; inputting return loss: s11<20dB; isolation degree: s21>20dB; bearing power: p >300W. When the tested center frequency point is at 2.8GHz, the input return loss data has the numerical value below-20 dB on the full frequency band, the highest point is 2.63GHz, the loss is-20.89 dB, the fluctuation in the whole frequency band is small under the comparison of the output wide port and S11, the highest point is 3.1GHz, the insertion loss reaches below-21 dB, the insertion loss meets the index below-3.02, the isolation simulation frequency bands are below-20 dB, the highest point is 3.25GHz, the numerical value is-21.5 dB, and the initial design result is met.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111063975A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-24 | 南京理工大学 | Ka-band GYSEL power divider based on ridge gap waveguide |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111063975A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-24 | 南京理工大学 | Ka-band GYSEL power divider based on ridge gap waveguide |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 李玉琳: "平面微波功率合成技术研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库（信息科技辑）》, no. 8, 15 August 2021 (2021-08-15), pages 36 - 48 * |
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