CN115747540B - Preparation process of hot extrusion aluminum alloy profile - Google Patents
Preparation process of hot extrusion aluminum alloy profile Download PDFInfo
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- CN115747540B CN115747540B CN202211583458.5A CN202211583458A CN115747540B CN 115747540 B CN115747540 B CN 115747540B CN 202211583458 A CN202211583458 A CN 202211583458A CN 115747540 B CN115747540 B CN 115747540B
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012438 extruded product Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 27
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation process of a hot extrusion aluminum alloy section, which aims to solve the technical problems of lower aluminum alloy hardness and relatively poorer aluminum alloy section production quality in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: s1, preparing: preheating a die and an ingot accommodating cylinder in advance, and selecting an aluminum alloy round ingot; s2, heating process control: increasing isothermal stage, controlling heating speed and controlling furnace charging temperature of the profile, respectively carrying out isothermal at 490-510 ℃ before reaching solid solution temperature, controlling heating speed at 150-200 ℃/h in low temperature stage, controlling heating speed at 20-70 ℃/h in high temperature stage, and controlling furnace charging temperature of the profile to be less than or equal to 130 ℃; s3, smelting: and placing the selected qualified aluminum alloy round ingots into a heating furnace for smelting. Compared with the existing preparation process of the hot extrusion aluminum alloy section, the preparation process of the aluminum alloy section can effectively reduce the heat treatment deformation defect of the aluminum alloy section with the complex structure product and improve the existing preparation process of the hot extrusion aluminum alloy section.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy profile processing, and particularly relates to a preparation process of a hot extrusion aluminum alloy profile.
Background
With the development of the building industry, people have higher requirements on the quality of raw materials, so that professionals continuously pursue optimization on the performance of the raw materials, because the aluminum alloy material has high corrosion resistance and good heat conducting property, the aluminum alloy material is widely applied to the modern manufacturing industry, and is used as one of common materials in the processing field of building industry and living equipment, the aluminum alloy material has good adaptability under high temperature and high heat environment, the aluminum alloy is manufactured into products with different shapes and structures, but the material is easy to deform in the processing process, and in the processing process, the internal stress value of the aluminum alloy material cannot be further observed when the internal stress value of the aluminum alloy material is movable, so that measures are difficult to be released in a short time, the internal stress value is changed after the aluminum alloy material is removed, and the aluminum alloy material with a complex structure product is easy to deform during the manufacturing process; compared with steel materials, the cast aluminum alloy has the characteristics of small volume and mass, good specific strength quotient, good corrosion resistance, good cutting processing performance, good casting performance and the like, in order to lighten the structural weight and improve the service performance of the produced crystal, more and more parts adopt cast aluminum alloy materials, and the cast aluminum alloy finally needs to be subjected to heat treatment (solution treatment and aging treatment) to obtain the required mechanical properties, and the heat treatment of the large aluminum alloy casting has the characteristics of large size, uneven wall thickness, complicated shape, specificity and complexity, and is easy to generate heat treatment defects such as unqualified mechanical properties, deformation cracks and the like, and the heat treatment qualification rate-straight lower of the large aluminum alloy casting in factories under the existing equipment and process conditions, wherein the scrapping of the section bar caused by the deformation distortion of the heat treatment accounts for a large proportion;
therefore, for the improvement of the existing aluminum alloy section bar preparation process, a novel preparation process of the hot extrusion aluminum alloy section bar is designed to change the technical defects, the heat treatment quality of large aluminum alloy castings is improved by optimizing the heat treatment process, and particularly the problem of deformation and distortion of the heat treatment is solved, so that the factory production is better satisfied.
Disclosure of Invention
(1) Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation process of a hot extrusion aluminum alloy section, which aims to solve the technical problem that a large aluminum alloy casting with a complex structure is easy to deform and distort in the heat treatment process to cause section scrapping in the prior art.
(2) Technical proposal
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation process of the hot extrusion aluminum alloy section, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing: preheating a die and an ingot accommodating cylinder in advance, and selecting an aluminum alloy round ingot;
s2, heating process control: increasing isothermal stage, controlling heating speed and controlling furnace charging temperature of the profile, respectively carrying out isothermal at 490-510 ℃ before reaching solid solution temperature, controlling heating speed at 150-200 ℃/h in low temperature stage, controlling heating speed at 20-70 ℃/h in high temperature stage, and controlling furnace charging temperature of the profile to be less than or equal to 130 ℃;
s3, smelting: placing the selected qualified aluminum alloy round ingots into a heating furnace for smelting, setting the temperature of the heating furnace at 300-450 ℃, controlling the temperature of the aluminum bars when the aluminum bars are on machine, controlling the temperature at 440-540 ℃ according to the thickness of the aluminum bars to be more than or equal to 1.4mm, and controlling the temperature at 400-540 ℃ according to the thickness of the aluminum bars to be less than 1.4 mm;
s4, extruding: when the temperature of the ingot holding cylinder reaches 380 ℃, the temperature of the die reaches 440 ℃ and the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot reaches 400-540 ℃, rapidly loading the die and feeding the die to extrude, preventing the die from cooling, wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot needs to be less than or equal to 540 ℃, avoiding die plugging, and measuring the temperature once every 10-20 ingots by using a portable thermometer in the extrusion process so as to grasp the temperature change condition of the ingot at any time and keep the normal extrusion temperature;
s5, exhausting: when an aluminum alloy ingot is extruded, in the upsetting stage of the initial stage of the starting pressure, the pressure reaches 110-160kg/cm 2 When the aluminum alloy profile is subjected to pressure relief and air release, then re-pressing is performed to perform normal extrusion, the temperature of a discharge hole is controlled to be more than or equal to 500 ℃, discharging is performed after extrusion is completed, the extruded aluminum alloy profile is taken out to be directly subjected to water cooling, and the temperature is controlled to be lower than 220 ℃ within 2-3 min;
s6, clamping and placing: for the bracket section bar, a vertical placing mode is adopted, the solid part and the thick part of the section bar are downward, for the swinging section bar, an iron rod is adopted to firmly bind the section bar and the quenching clamp together in a mode that one side of the plane is downward and the suspended part is to be leveled and compacted;
s7, quenching and cooling process control: taking out the extruded aluminum alloy section bar, directly performing water cooling, controlling the water temperature to be more than or equal to 65 ℃, controlling the water temperature to be 2-3min, and reducing the temperature to be below 220 ℃.
When the hot extrusion aluminum alloy section bar of the technical scheme is produced, firstly, preparation work is carried out in advance, a die and an ingot accommodating cylinder are preheated in advance, the aluminum alloy round ingot is selected, then, heating process control is carried out, an isothermal stage is increased, the heating speed is controlled, the furnace feeding temperature of the section bar is controlled, the selected qualified aluminum alloy round ingot is put into a heating furnace for smelting, after smelting is finished, the aluminum alloy round ingot is extruded, and in the extrusion process, the temperature is measured once every 10-20 ingots by using a portable thermometer so as to grasp the change condition of the ingot temperature at any time and keep the normal extrusion temperature; extrudedSimultaneously exhausting the aluminum alloy, extruding an aluminum alloy ingot, and at the upsetting stage of the initial stage of the starting, when the pressure reaches 110-160kg/cm 2 When the aluminum alloy profile is subjected to pressure relief and air release, then re-pressing is carried out for normal extrusion, discharging is carried out after extrusion is finished, and the extruded aluminum alloy profile is taken out for direct water cooling quenching; then, the steel plate is suitably clamped and placed; and finally, after quenching the profile, interrupting and straightening the profile, cutting off the profile at a lapel, cooling a cooling bed to below 53 ℃ to straighten the profile by using a stepping mode before sending the profile to a straightening machine, controlling the straightening amount to be 1-3%, checking the opening size before and after straightening, and performing an assembly test on the profile with an assembly relation so as to adjust the stretching amount.
Preferably, in the step S1, preparation of a mold: and (3) neatly placing the spare die pads on the die frame, timely removing the scrapped dies and the die pads which cannot be used, preventing the unqualified dies and die pads from being misused, conveying the qualified dies to a polishing worker for polishing, and finishing the distribution machine.
Further, in S1, preparing a spindle holding cylinder: the ingot accommodating barrels are sequentially cleaned every 20-50 ingots so as to ensure that the ingot accommodating barrels are clean, meanwhile, the ingot accommodating barrels are free of serious abrasion and large belly, slag inclusion and bubble phenomenon of extruded products are avoided, flatness, damage and aluminum adhesion of the matched end faces of the ingot accommodating barrels and a die are avoided, material leakage phenomenon during extrusion is avoided, heating capacity of heating elements in the ingot accommodating barrels is checked, the ingot accommodating barrels are heated after maintenance work is finished, heating temperature is controlled to be 380-430 ℃, and long-term heat preservation is performed on the ingot accommodating barrels, so that the ingot accommodating barrels are prevented from being chilled and suddenly heated.
Further, in the step S3, the ratio of the aluminum alloy round ingot is: mg:0.44% -0.63%; si:0.32% -0.50%; mg: si=1.23-1.34; impurity Fe is controlled to be less than 0.10% -0.27%; mn is less than 0.10%.
Furthermore, in S3, before the round ingot is melted in the furnace, the surface quality of the round ingot is checked, the round ingot with slag inclusion, cold partition, central crack and bending is picked out, the round ingot with the defects cannot be put into the furnace for heating, the round ingot is picked out and returned to the melting casting, and then the surface of the round ingot is cleaned, so that the round ingot is prevented from carrying silt and dust.
Further, in the step S4, the pressure change is noted during the extrusion, and the pressure rise is not more than 210kg/cm 2 During normal extrusion, the pressure can be reduced along with the process, and if the pressure does not drop after the pressure is raised for more than 1 minute, the extrusion is stopped so as to prevent damage to equipment and a die.
Further, in S4, the extrusion speed is controlled: the extrusion speed of each machine is determined according to the surface quality of the profile, and the extrusion speed is as fast as possible on the premise of ensuring that the surface quality meets the related surface treatment requirements.
In step S7, after quenching the profile, interrupting and straightening the profile, cutting the profile at the lapel, cooling the cooling bed to below 53 ℃ to straighten the profile by a stepping mode before sending the profile to a straightening machine, controlling the straightening amount to be 1-3%, checking the opening size before and after straightening, performing an assembly test on the profile with an assembly relation so as to adjust the stretching amount, and finding out the profile with a complex shape to assist in clamping the profile with a cushion block matched with the profile.
(3) Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, by optimizing heat treatment process parameters, adopting the process measures of increasing isothermal stage, controlling heating speed and entering temperature of the profile, improving quenching water temperature, improving profile clamping and placing modes, using correction means and the like, the heat treatment deformation defect of the aluminum alloy profile with a complex structure product can be effectively reduced, and the existing preparation process of the hot extruded aluminum alloy profile is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the steps of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the heating temperature profile of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The specific embodiment is a preparation process of a hot extrusion aluminum alloy section, a structural schematic diagram of which is shown in fig. 1, and the preparation process comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing: preheating a die and an ingot accommodating cylinder in advance, and selecting an aluminum alloy round ingot;
s2, heating process control: increasing isothermal stage, controlling heating speed and controlling furnace charging temperature of the profile, respectively carrying out isothermal at 490-510 ℃ before reaching solid solution temperature, controlling heating speed at 150-200 ℃/h in low temperature stage, controlling heating speed at 20-70 ℃/h in high temperature stage, and controlling furnace charging temperature of the profile to be less than or equal to 130 ℃;
s3, smelting: placing the selected qualified aluminum alloy round ingots into a heating furnace for smelting, setting the temperature of the heating furnace at 300-450 ℃, controlling the temperature of the aluminum bars when the aluminum bars are on machine, controlling the temperature at 440-540 ℃ according to the thickness of the aluminum bars to be more than or equal to 1.4mm, and controlling the temperature at 400-540 ℃ according to the thickness of the aluminum bars to be less than 1.4 mm;
s4, extruding: when the temperature of the ingot holding cylinder reaches 380 ℃, the temperature of the die reaches 440 ℃ and the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot reaches 400-540 ℃, rapidly loading the die and feeding the die to extrude, preventing the die from cooling, wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot needs to be less than or equal to 540 ℃, avoiding die plugging, and measuring the temperature once every 10-20 ingots by using a portable thermometer in the extrusion process so as to grasp the temperature change condition of the ingot at any time and keep the normal extrusion temperature;
s5, exhausting: when an aluminum alloy ingot is extruded, in the upsetting stage of the initial stage of the starting pressure, the pressure reaches 110-160kg/cm 2 When the aluminum alloy profile is subjected to pressure relief and air release, then re-pressing is performed to perform normal extrusion, the temperature of a discharge hole is controlled to be more than or equal to 500 ℃, discharging is performed after extrusion is completed, the extruded aluminum alloy profile is taken out to be directly subjected to water cooling, and the temperature is controlled to be lower than 220 ℃ within 2-3 min;
s6, clamping and placing: for the bracket section bar, a vertical placing mode is adopted, the solid part and the thick part of the section bar are downward, for the swinging section bar, an iron rod is adopted to firmly bind the section bar and the quenching clamp together in a mode that one side of the plane is downward and the suspended part is to be leveled and compacted;
s7, quenching and cooling process control: taking out the extruded aluminum alloy section bar, directly performing water cooling, controlling the water temperature to be more than or equal to 65 ℃, controlling the water temperature to be 2-3min, and reducing the temperature to be below 220 ℃.
In S1, preparing a mold: the spare die pads of the dies are orderly arranged on the die frame, the scrapped dies and the dies which cannot be used are removed in time, the unqualified dies and dies are prevented from being misused, the qualified dies are sent to a polishing worker for polishing, and the distribution machine is completed; s1, preparing a spindle holding barrel: sequentially cleaning the ingot accommodating barrels every 20-50 ingots so as to ensure that the interior of the ingot accommodating barrels is clean, simultaneously ensure that the ingot accommodating barrels have no serious abrasion and large belly phenomenon, avoid influencing slag inclusion and bubble phenomenon of extruded products, keep flatness, no damage and aluminum adhesion of the end faces of the ingot accommodating barrels matched with the die, avoid material leakage phenomenon during extrusion, check the heating capacity of heating elements in the ingot accommodating barrels, heat the ingot accommodating barrels after maintenance work is finished, control the heating temperature to 380-430 ℃, and keep the ingot accommodating barrels warm for a long time so as to avoid rapid cooling and heating of the ingot accommodating barrels;
in S2, the isothermal stage is added: the isothermal stage is added, so that the temperature difference between the surface and the core of the profile in the heating process can be effectively reduced, and the deformation is reduced;
controlling the temperature rising speed; the adoption of lower heating speed is clearly beneficial to reducing deformation during heating, the original process scheme is limited by equipment, a new aluminum alloy solid solution furnace can not be regulated and controlled according to the process requirement, the heating speed of each stage can be set according to the process requirement, the heating speed can be higher in a low-temperature stage, the heating speed is smaller in a commercial-temperature stage, the heating speed in the low-temperature stage is controlled to be 150-200 ℃/h, and the heating speed in the high-temperature stage is controlled to be 20-70 ℃/h after the process is improved;
the large-scale aluminum alloy solution furnace and aging furnace are special heat treatment furnaces for aluminum alloy, the solution furnace is of a vertical structure, the heating furnace is arranged above, the cooling water tank is arranged below, the furnace inlet and outlet of the profile are arranged in the vertical direction, the main components of the solution furnace comprise a furnace body, a circulating fan, a material frame lifting mechanism, a quenching water tank, an upper and lower material walking vehicle, an electric appliance control system and the like, the furnace temperature uniformity is good, the temperature control precision quotient can be set and controlled according to the process requirement, the heating temperature rising speed is short, the quenching transfer time is short, the operation is simple, the whole process of the profile inlet, heating, heat preservation and furnace outlet quenching can be automatically completed, the aging furnace is of a roller-hearth structure, the furnace body, a material feeding roller way, the circulating fan, the electric appliance control system and the like, and the large-scale platinum alloy solution furnace aging furnace equipment has the characteristics of advanced structure, good furnace temperature uniformity, high temperature control precision, low labor intensity and the like, and the main technical parameters are shown in the table below:
s2, heating process control: the surface temperature rise of the profile is fast in the heating and temperature rising process, the temperature rise of the core is slow, the temperature difference exists between the surface and the core, namely, the thermal stress exists, the heating speed is higher, the wall thickness of the profile is larger, the generated thermal stress is larger, the temperature rising curve (refer to figure 2) of the profile during heating is obtained, the thermal stress can be reduced by reducing the heating speed, the heating deformation of the profile can be effectively reduced, the influence of the heating speed on the profile with small general size and simple shape is small, the heating speed on the profile deformation can be directly heated to the specified heating temperature in the process, the heating speed is determined by the heating capacity of equipment, but the influence of the heating speed on the profile deformation is very prominent for large-sized aluminum alloy castings, the size is large, the shape is complex, the wall thickness difference is large, and the heating process of solid solution treatment is controlled in order to reduce the thermal stress generated during heating;
in addition, in S3, the proportion of the aluminum alloy round ingot is as follows: mg:0.44% -0.63%; si:0.32% -0.50%; mg: si=1.23-1.34; impurity Fe is controlled to be less than 0.10% -0.27%; mn < 0.10%; before the round ingot is put into a furnace for smelting, the round ingot is subjected toThe surface quality is checked, the round ingot with slag inclusion, cold partition, central crack and bending is selected, the round ingot with the defects cannot be placed into a furnace for heating, the round ingot is selected out and returned to casting, and then the surface of the round ingot is cleaned to avoid carrying sediment and dust; s4, paying attention to pressure change during extrusion, and keeping the pressure to be not more than 210kg/cm during pressure rising 2 During normal extrusion, the pressure can be reduced along with the process, and if the pressure does not drop more than 1 minute after the pressure is raised, the extrusion is stopped so as to prevent damage to equipment and a die; s4, controlling the extrusion speed: keeping the profile smooth and straight, keeping the extrusion speed constant before, during and after the extrusion process, and ensuring the extrusion speed of each machine to be as fast as possible on the premise of ensuring that the surface quality meets the related surface treatment requirements according to the surface quality of the profile; s7, after quenching the profile, interrupting and straightening the profile, cutting off the profile at a lapel, cooling a cooling bed to below 53 ℃ to straighten the profile by using a stepping mode before sending the profile to a straightening machine, controlling the straightening amount to be 1-3%, checking the opening size before and after straightening, performing an assembly test on the profile with an assembly relation so as to adjust the stretching amount, and finding out cushion blocks matched with the profile to assist clamping of the profile with a complex shape;
working principle: when the hot extrusion aluminum alloy section bar of the technical scheme is produced, firstly, preparation work is carried out in advance, a die and an ingot accommodating cylinder are preheated in advance, the aluminum alloy round ingot is selected, then, heating process control is carried out, an isothermal stage is increased, the heating speed is controlled, the furnace feeding temperature of the section bar is controlled, the selected qualified aluminum alloy round ingot is put into a heating furnace for smelting, after smelting is finished, the aluminum alloy round ingot is extruded, and in the extrusion process, the temperature is measured once every 10-20 ingots by using a portable thermometer so as to grasp the change condition of the ingot temperature at any time and keep the normal extrusion temperature; exhausting the aluminum alloy ingot while extruding, wherein each extrusion is performed on an aluminum alloy ingot, and when the pressure reaches 110-160kg/cm in the upsetting stage at the initial stage of the starting pressure 2 When the aluminum alloy profile is subjected to pressure relief and air release, then re-pressing is carried out for normal extrusion, discharging is carried out after extrusion is finished, and the extruded aluminum alloy profile is taken out for direct water cooling quenching; then to itCarrying out proper clamping and placing; and finally, after quenching the profile, interrupting and straightening the profile, cutting off the profile at a lapel, cooling a cooling bed to below 53 ℃ to straighten the profile by using a stepping mode before sending the profile to a straightening machine, controlling the straightening amount to be 1-3%, checking the opening size before and after straightening, and performing an assembly test on the profile with an assembly relation so as to adjust the stretching amount.
The foregoing embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and in addition, the present invention may be implemented in other ways, and any obvious substitution is within the scope of the present invention without departing from the concept of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation process of the hot extrusion aluminum alloy profile is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, preparing: preheating a die and an ingot accommodating cylinder in advance, and selecting an aluminum alloy round ingot;
s2, heating process control: increasing isothermal stage, controlling heating speed and controlling furnace charging temperature of the profile, respectively carrying out isothermal at 490-510 ℃ before reaching solid solution temperature, controlling heating speed at 150-200 ℃/h in low temperature stage, controlling heating speed at 20-70 ℃/h in high temperature stage, and controlling furnace charging temperature of the profile to be less than or equal to 130 ℃;
s3, smelting: placing the selected qualified aluminum alloy round ingots into a heating furnace for smelting, setting the temperature of the heating furnace at 300-450 ℃, controlling the temperature of the aluminum bars when the aluminum bars are on machine, controlling the temperature at 440-540 ℃ according to the thickness of the aluminum bars to be more than or equal to 1.4mm, and controlling the temperature at 400-540 ℃ according to the thickness of the aluminum bars to be less than 1.4 mm;
s4, extruding: when the temperature of the ingot holding cylinder reaches 380 ℃, the temperature of the die reaches 440 ℃ and the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot reaches 400-540 ℃, rapidly loading the die and feeding the die to extrude, preventing the die from cooling, wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot needs to be less than or equal to 540 ℃, avoiding die plugging, and measuring the temperature once every 10-20 ingots by using a portable thermometer in the extrusion process so as to grasp the temperature change condition of the ingot at any time and keep the normal extrusion temperature;
s5, exhausting: when an aluminum alloy ingot is extruded, in the upsetting stage of the initial stage of the starting pressure, the pressure reaches 110-160kg/cm 2 When the aluminum alloy profile is subjected to pressure relief and air release, then re-pressing is performed to perform normal extrusion, the temperature of a discharge hole is controlled to be more than or equal to 500 ℃, discharging is performed after extrusion is completed, the extruded aluminum alloy profile is taken out to be directly subjected to water cooling, and the temperature is controlled to be lower than 220 ℃ within 2-3 min;
s6, clamping and placing: for the bracket section bar, a vertical placing mode is adopted, the solid part and the thick part of the section bar are downward, for the swinging section bar, an iron rod is adopted to firmly bind the section bar and the quenching clamp together in a mode that one side of the plane is downward and the suspended part is to be leveled and compacted;
s7, quenching and cooling process control: taking out the extruded aluminum alloy section bar, directly performing water cooling, controlling the water temperature to be more than or equal to 65 ℃ and controlling the water temperature to be 2-3min, and reducing the temperature to be below 220 ℃;
s8, after quenching the profile, interrupting and straightening the profile, cutting off the profile at a lapel, cooling a cooling bed to below 53 ℃ to straighten the profile by using a stepping mode before sending the profile to a straightening machine, controlling the straightening amount to be 1-3%, checking the opening size before and after straightening, performing an assembly test on the profile with an assembly relation so as to adjust the stretching amount, and finding out a cushion block matched with the profile to assist clamping of the profile with a complex shape.
2. The process for preparing a hot extruded aluminum alloy profile according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the preparation of the die: and (3) neatly placing the spare die pads on the die frame, timely removing the scrapped dies and the die pads which cannot be used, preventing the unqualified dies and die pads from being misused, conveying the qualified dies to a polishing worker for polishing, and finishing the distribution machine.
3. The process for preparing a hot extruded aluminum alloy profile according to claim 1, wherein in S1, preparing a ingot holder: the ingot accommodating barrels are sequentially cleaned every 20-50 ingots so as to ensure that the ingot accommodating barrels are clean, meanwhile, the ingot accommodating barrels are free from serious abrasion and large belly phenomenon, slag inclusion and bubble phenomenon of extruded products are avoided, flatness, damage and aluminum adhesion of the matched end surfaces of the ingot accommodating barrels and the die are avoided, material leakage phenomenon during extrusion is avoided, heating capacity of heating elements in the ingot accommodating barrels is checked, the ingot accommodating barrels are heated after maintenance work is finished, heating temperature is controlled to be 380-430 ℃, and the ingot accommodating barrels are kept warm for a long time, so that the ingot accommodating barrels are prevented from being chilled and suddenly heated.
4. The process for preparing a hot extruded aluminum alloy profile according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the surface quality of the round ingot is checked before the round ingot is melted in the furnace, the round ingot with slag inclusion, cold stop, central crack and bending is picked out, the round ingot with the defects cannot be put into the furnace to be heated, the round ingot is picked out and returned to the melting casting, and then the surface of the round ingot is cleaned to avoid carrying sediment and dust.
5. The process for preparing a hot-extruded aluminum alloy profile according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the pressure change is noted during extrusion, and the pressure rise is not more than 210kg/cm 2 During normal extrusion, the pressure can be reduced along with the process, and if the pressure does not drop after the pressure is raised for more than 1 minute, the extrusion is stopped so as to prevent damage to equipment and a die.
6. The process for preparing a hot extruded aluminum alloy profile according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the extrusion speed is controlled: the extrusion speed of each machine is determined according to the surface quality of the profile, and the extrusion speed is as fast as possible on the premise of ensuring that the surface quality meets the related surface treatment requirements.
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| CN107377648A (en) * | 2017-09-02 | 2017-11-24 | 湖南金牛铝业有限公司 | A kind of extrusion process of aluminium alloy extrusions |
| CN107931343A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-20 | 朱旭 | A kind of extrusion process of aluminium alloy extrusions |
| CN211814576U (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-10-30 | 天津市航宇嘉瑞科技股份有限公司 | Heat-proof treatment deformation tool for large-scale shell thin-wall product |
| CN113172114A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-07-27 | 江苏东台天腾铝业有限公司 | Aluminum profile extrusion forming process method |
| CN113373331A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-09-10 | 广东澳美铝业有限公司 | 6-series aluminum alloy for automobile battery tray and preparation method and application thereof |
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| US20180237894A1 (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2018-08-23 | Norsk Hydro Asa | Method for the manufacturing of extruded profiles that can be anodized with high gloss surfaces, the profiles being extruded of an age hardenable aluminium alloy that can be recrystallized after cold deformation, for example a 6xxx or a 7xxx alloy |
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Patent Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107377648A (en) * | 2017-09-02 | 2017-11-24 | 湖南金牛铝业有限公司 | A kind of extrusion process of aluminium alloy extrusions |
| CN107931343A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-20 | 朱旭 | A kind of extrusion process of aluminium alloy extrusions |
| CN211814576U (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-10-30 | 天津市航宇嘉瑞科技股份有限公司 | Heat-proof treatment deformation tool for large-scale shell thin-wall product |
| CN113172114A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-07-27 | 江苏东台天腾铝业有限公司 | Aluminum profile extrusion forming process method |
| CN113373331A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-09-10 | 广东澳美铝业有限公司 | 6-series aluminum alloy for automobile battery tray and preparation method and application thereof |
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