CN100586639C - Production process of ABS valve body material for cars - Google Patents
Production process of ABS valve body material for cars Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100586639C CN100586639C CN200810108384A CN200810108384A CN100586639C CN 100586639 C CN100586639 C CN 100586639C CN 200810108384 A CN200810108384 A CN 200810108384A CN 200810108384 A CN200810108384 A CN 200810108384A CN 100586639 C CN100586639 C CN 100586639C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- casting
- temperature
- ingot
- aluminium
- cars
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 materials Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005516 engineering processes Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000203 mixtures Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910045601 alloys Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000956 alloys Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nMzAwcHgnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwcHgnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzMDAgMzAwJz4KPCEtLSBFTkQgT0YgSEVBREVSIC0tPgo8cmVjdCBzdHlsZT0nb3BhY2l0eToxLjA7ZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGO3N0cm9rZTpub25lJyB3aWR0aD0nMzAwJyBoZWlnaHQ9JzMwMCcgeD0nMCcgeT0nMCc+IDwvcmVjdD4KPHRleHQgZG9taW5hbnQtYmFzZWxpbmU9ImNlbnRyYWwiIHRleHQtYW5jaG9yPSJzdGFydCIgeD0nMTMzLjA1NScgeT0nMTU2LjYnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjtmaWxsOiMzQjQxNDMnID48dHNwYW4+QWw8L3RzcGFuPjx0c3BhbiBzdHlsZT0nYmFzZWxpbmUtc2hpZnQ6c3VwZXI7Zm9udC1zaXplOjMwcHg7Jz4rMzwvdHNwYW4+PHRzcGFuPjwvdHNwYW4+PC90ZXh0Pgo8L3N2Zz4K data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011901 water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000171 quenching Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw materials Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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Abstract
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the aluminum profile extrusion technical field, be specifically related to a kind of production technology of ABS valve body material for cars.
Background technology
Along with energy-conservation and environmental protection requirement, automobile is to modernization, lightweight development, and soaring oil prices has more activated the fast development of automobile with aluminium, and the aluminium consumption will increase year by year.The automobile of China is less than far away abroad with the aluminium amount, too late external at present half, and a lot of crucial aluminiums need dependence on import, and wherein high-quality high accuracy ABS valve body material for cars aluminium just depends on from German import.High-quality high accuracy ABS valve body material for cars aluminium is widely used in automobile oil circuit distribution system, and its product is because every technical requirement is high, and the production difficulty is very big.Have only a few countries such as the U.S., Germany can produce this type of material in the world, and China does not grasp as yet, makes high-quality high accuracy ABS valve body material for cars just must depend on import with aluminium in the key technology of aspects such as material composition, production technology.
At present, the auto industry of China still belongs to the starting stage with the development and the Research on Process of aluminium.With in the aluminium development process, adopt forward extrusion explained hereafter 6061 alloys for the automobile ABS valve body, its composition is by national standard control, specific as follows: Si:0.40～0.8%, Fe≤0.7%, Cu:0.15～0.40%, Mn≤0.15%, Mg:0.8～1.2%, Cr:0.04～0.35%, Zn≤0.25%, Ti≤0.15%, other impurity is single to be not more than 0.05%, adds up to be not more than 0.10%, aluminium is surplus, more than is mass fraction.Because the best proportioning of 6061 alloying components and the accurate control of micro-composition are not optimized adjustment, make the tissue of material and mechanical performance can't satisfy the requirement of ABS valve body material for cars with aluminium; And from extrusion process, what adopt during China most manufacturer production aluminium is forward extrusion technology, owing to there is bigger frictional force during forward extrusion between ingot casting and the recipient, metal flow is inhomogeneous, make flow of metal also inhomogeneous, thereby increased the extruded product tissue, the inhomogeneities of performance and size, be difficult to guarantee the uniformity consistency of mechanical property end to end of material, the homogeneity of dimensional accuracy end to end, and fierce detrusion takes place in the ingot casting top layer during flow of metal, it is darker to make goods easily form coarse grain ring after heat treatment, also can't satisfy ABS valve body material for cars aluminium requirement.Science and technology is looked into newly and is reached a conclusion through Gansu Province's scientific information research institute (Gansu Province science and technology update search referral centre): for ABS valve body material for cars, Research of Optimal Control by alloying component content, adopt the process parameter optimizing control technology of reverse extrusion technique and systematic procedure, realize the extruded product uniformity of size and mechanical property end to end, do not see the pertinent literature report both at home and abroad.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of production technology of ABS valve body material for cars, can guarantee that mechanical property, Brinell hardness, metallographic structure, dimensional accuracy, the surface quality of ABS valve body material for cars all reaches external like product level.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme taked of the present invention is:
A kind of production technology of ABS valve body material for cars may further comprise the steps:
(1) raw material are got the raw materials ready on the basis of 6061 alloy compositions of national Specification, are optimized adjustment, wherein Si:0.45～0.80%, Fe:0.30～0.60%, Cu:0.20～0.40%, Mn≤0.15%, Mg:0.9～1.1%, Cr:0.20～0.35%, Zn≤0.20%, Ti≤0.10%, other impurity is single to be not more than 0.05%, add up to be not more than 0.10%, aluminium is surplus; During alloyage, Mg/Si by 1.5～2.0: 1 control, is calculated the consumption of aluminium ingot, intermediate alloy, simple metal and aluminium waste;
(2) raw material that will optimize and revise of melting carry out the shove charge melting, 700～750 ℃ of melting temperature ranges, smelting time 6～7 hours;
(3) refining, leave standstill the melt that chemical composition is qualified and import to and leave standstill stove, in leaving standstill stove, use N 2-Cl 2Mist refining 10～15 minutes, 720～740 ℃ of refining temperatures;
(4) cast after filtration, the refining of casting melt, 710～720 ℃ of casting temperatures use 30～50ppi foamed ceramic panel, filter cloth to filter in the casting process, filter back casting ingot casting;
(5) the homogenising ingot casting adopt whole all fire handle, 540～580 ℃ of homogenization temperatures are incubated 6～8 hours, cool to 250 ℃ with the furnace after, the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature;
(6) ingot casting processing ingot casting outer surface car removes segregation layer 4～5mm, and surface roughness is not more than Ra12.5, and ingot casting is through high and low times of stripping and slicing after the assay was approved;
(7) ingot bar adds thermal recovery induction furnace gradient-heated ingot bar, and the ingot bar heating-up temperature is 450 ℃～540 ℃, and the control thermograde is 5～10 ℃/100mm;
(8) oppositely extruding is pushed the ingot bar that heats with indirect extrusion machine, 380 ℃～450 ℃ of recipient temperature, reverse extrusion speed 2.5m/min～4.0m/min, and extruder mold work zone width is controlled at≤5mm, produces the blank of valve body material;
(9) after the blank of online water hardening valve body material flows out from nib, temperature drop is controlled at 10～20 ℃, blank temperature before the entry is not less than 450 ℃, adopt water wave standing wave to quench, dynamically the water wave highly reaches 150～300mm, guarantee that water temperature is not higher than 40 ℃, and circulation cooling, make the abundant solid solution of blank, and adopt online traction, hauling speed and blank extrusion speed are synchronous;
(10) the tension straingtening extruding finishes, carry out set deformation volume in the longitudinal direction and be 0.5%～3% tension straingtening, to eliminate the residual stress that is produced in extruding and the quenching process, before and after tension straingtening, should carry out dimensional measurement, to satisfy the dimensional tolerance of material;
(11) artificial aging is in order to guarantee the mechanical property of material, and material must carry out artificial aging at the artificial aging stove, and its temperature is 160 ℃～180 ℃, is incubated 6～8 hours, and coming out of the stove is cooled to room temperature;
(12) the finished product detection finished product detection qualified after, high-quality high accuracy ABS valve body material for cars.
The production technology of above-mentioned ABS valve body material for cars provided by the invention has following beneficial effect:
1. by the best proportioning of alloying component and the optimal control of micro-composition, increased substantially the combination property of material.The combination property of material relatively sees Table 1:
The combination property of table 1 material relatively
As known from the above, the intensity index of material of the present invention has improved 53.8% than state quota, has met or exceeded external advanced level desired value, thereby has realized the production domesticization of abs valve body material, has substituted import.
2. the modern oppositely extrusion technique of utilization is optimized squeezing parameter, has realized the high uniformity of material structure.
Material fractography coarse grain ring depth capacity (mm) relatively sees Table 2:
Table 2 material fractography coarse grain ring depth capacity (mm) relatively
As known from the above, the coarse grain ring depth ratio national standard that the present invention produces material has reduced an order of magnitude, is better than external like product.
3. adopt extrusion speed, ingot casting heating-up temperature, the die parameters optimization control technology of systematic procedure, realize the extruded product uniformity of size and mechanical property end to end.
Relatively see Table 3 with the forward extrusion of alloy and the performance difference end to end of oppositely extruding, relatively see Table 4 with alloy forward extrusion and the reverse size difference that pushes.
Table 3 forward extrusion and the performance difference end to end that oppositely pushes
Table 4 forward extrusion and the size difference that oppositely pushes
As known from the above, adopt forward extrusion, goods size end to end generally differ 0.3～0.6%, and poor performance about 20% end to end; The present invention is by the optimization control technology and the modern oppositely extrusion technique of employing of systematic procedure, and goods size end to end differ 0.1～0.3%, and performance number differs in 10% end to end, thereby satisfies the specific (special) requirements of running car.
4. improve the yield rate index after solidifying production technology, reduced the energy resource consumption of unit product.
Owing to solidified technological parameter, stable processing technique, yield rate bring up to present 75% by initial 60%.Because press quenching can utilize the metal waste heat after the hot extrusion to quench, it is than off-line quenching energy savings and time, the bump injury that reduces even avoided product surface to form in handling process has reduced the energy resource consumption of unit product, has improved product quality.
In sum: the present invention adopts the optimization alloying component, in conjunction with reverse extrusion technique and online heat treatment technics, especially adopted reverse extrusion technique, make ingot casting in adding hot extrusion process, there is not relative motion between ingot casting top layer and the recipient liner inwall, do not rub, compare with forward extrusion, reduce by 30～40% extruding forces, it is even to have mechanical property, even tissue, the product's dimensional precision height, extrusion speed is fast, the yield rate height, the production efficiency advantages of higher, thereby 6061 alloy coarse grain rings and mechanical property problem have been solved, obtained performance, tissue, size, the surface all reaches the material of external like product advanced level, realized the alternative import of this material, laid a good foundation for realizing the automobile production domesticization.
The specific embodiment
On a complete set of production line that 45MN double-action reverse extruder, 200T tension flattening machine and other auxiliary equipment are formed, implemented a whole set of technology of the present invention.
With production specification is that the ABS valve body material for cars of 101 * 43.6mm is an example, and concrete steps are as follows:
Production is calculated the consumption of aluminium ingot, intermediate alloy, simple metal and aluminium waste according to the mix proportion scheme of chemical composition, carries out the shove charge melting then, about 740 ℃ of smelting temperatures, about 7 hours of smelting time;
6061 alloy compositions are optimized and revised data: Si 0.45～0.50%, Fe 0.30～0.40%, Cu 0.35～0.40%, Mn≤0.15%, and Mg 0.95～1.05%, Cr 0.20～0.25%, Zn≤0.20%, Ti≤0.10%, other impurity is single to be not more than 0.05%, add up to be not more than 0.10%, aluminium is surplus; During alloyage, Mg/Si is controlled by 1.5～1.7: 1.
When furnace charge fusing finishes, stir, skim, through the analyzing chemical composition,, carry out the composition adjustment as defective, qualified after, melt temperature is adjusted to 735～750 ℃ leads stove, lead furnace temperature and must not be higher than the smelting temperature upper limit.Should seal each leakage point when leading stove, avoid eddy current, every stove should be put dried.
The melt that chemical composition is qualified is used N after importing to and leaving standstill stove in leaving standstill stove 2-Cl 2Mist refining 10～15 minutes, 720～740 ℃ of refining temperatures left standstill 0.5 hour.
After melt leaves standstill, produce for preventing fire check, the casting temperature scope should prevent during operation that at 710～720 ℃ slag inclusion from producing, and considers that alloy has good low-temperature plasticity, and the casting gate part needn't tempering.In order to reduce ingot casting at the first bruss, the bottom is met cold rapid contraction and is produced stress, adopts fine aluminium melt shop fixtures, and shop fixtures aluminium thickness is no less than 15mm.Use 30～50ppi foamed ceramic panel, filter cloth to filter in the casting process, the Al-Ti-B thinning processing with the clarity of control melt, is guaranteed ingot casting grain size one-level, defectives such as pore-free, slag inclusion, crackle.Casting out the ingot casting specification is φ 320 * 6000mm.
Ingot casting adopt whole all fire handle, the homogenising system adopts 540～555 ℃, is incubated 6～8 hours, cool to 250 ℃ with the furnace after, the air cooling of coming out of the stove can make Mg to room temperature 2Si is fully dissolving mutually, obtains effect preferably.
Ingot casting outer surface car removes segregation layer 4～5mm, and surface roughness is not more than Ra12.5, guarantees the cleaning of ingot casting outer surface simultaneously.Ingot casting through high and low times after the assay was approved, be cut into the ingot bar of 900mm～1500mm.
Ingot bar adopts the induction furnace gradient-heated, and heating-up temperature is 500 ℃～540 ℃, and the control thermograde is 5～10 ℃/100mm.Ingot bar after the heating pushes on 45MN double-action reverse extruder, 440～450 ℃ of recipient temperature, reverse extrusion speed 2.5m/min～4.0m/min.Extruder mold work zone width is controlled at≤5mm, and producing specification is the valve body blank of 101 * 43.6mm.
After the valve body blank flows out from nib, operation goods temperature drop is controlled at 10～20 ℃ in hollow mold shaft, guarantee that goods go into coolant-temperature gage and be higher than the quenching critical-temperature, when the metal temperature before the blank entry is not less than 450 ℃, adopt water wave standing wave to quench, dynamically the water wave highly reaches 150～300mm, guarantee that water temperature is not higher than 40 ℃, and the circulation cooling, make the abundant solid solution of blank, and adopting online traction, hauling speed and goods extrusion speed are synchronous.
Extruding finishes, and carries out set deformation volume in the longitudinal direction and be 0.5%～3% tension straingtening, to eliminate the residual stress that is produced in extruding and the quenching process.Should carry out dimensional measurement before and after tension straingtening, to satisfy the dimensional tolerance of material: width tolerance is controlled at-0.6～0mm, and height tolerance is controlled at ± 0.3mm.
In order to guarantee the mechanical property of material, material must carry out artificial aging at the artificial aging stove, and its temperature is 170 ℃～180 ℃, is incubated 6～8 hours, and coming out of the stove is cooled to room temperature, just can produce ABS valve body material for cars.
Microscopic structure, macrostructure inspection, hardness, Performance Detection are carried out in sampling.Mechanical property the results are shown in Table 5; The macrostructure testing result sees Table 6; The actual measurement size of material sees Table 7.
Table 5 mechanical property
Table 6 macrostructure
The actual measurement size of table 7 material
In addition, after testing: the ABS valve body material for cars plane clearance that the present invention produces is less than 0.15mm, and the two sides perpendicularity is less than 0.15mm, and the depth of parallelism of two planes of symmetry is less than 0.2mm.The fluctuation range of ball hardness number on the cross section (HB) in one meter length is within HB10.Macrostructure does not have defectives such as the tail of contracting, crackle, slag inclusion, stratification, segregation, coarse grain, intermetallic compound, and the coarse grain ring degree of depth is less than 0.5mm.The surface no marking, damage, peeling, pit etc.
The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiment that above-mentioned specification is 101 * 43.6mm, and the specification of the ABS valve body material for cars of production comprises 85～101 * 37.4～43.6mm, alloy 6061 state T5 or T6.
Above-described only is the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and technical scheme of the present invention is not so limited.Should be understood that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, under technology enlightenment provided by the present invention, can also make other equivalent modifications and improvement, also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
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