CN115746592B - Ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder, composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder, composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 44
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XOJVVFBFDXDTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Norphytane Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C XOJVVFBFDXDTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005551 mechanical alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder, a composite material and a preparation method thereof. The WC hard phase is added into the stainless steel powder, the WC and the stainless steel powder are mechanically alloyed based on a ball milling process, the composite structure powder taking WC as a core and stainless steel as a shell is formed, and the WC content can reach 60-80%. In the laser cladding process, the stainless steel powder on the outer layer can protect WC, reduce the decomposition rate of WC and keep the original phase of WC in the cladding layer as much as possible. The non-decomposed WC particles can be used as a hard phase and a heterogeneous nucleation center, promote secondary dendrite formation and refine grains, and the superhard wear-resistant cladding layer is prepared.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coating protection, and particularly relates to ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder, composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The fan bearing, the blade, the volute, the boiler water wall and other power plant structures and parts are complex in service environment, and high corrosion resistance and wear resistance are required. The stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance is used as a component cladding layer, so that the corrosion resistance problem can be well solved, and the service requirement can be met in a short time. However, stainless steel has low hardness and poor wear resistance, and frictional wear performance becomes a bottleneck.
The most common method for improving the wear resistance of stainless steel is to add alloy elements, and the method has very limited improvement on the wear resistance and hardness of the coating. The addition of hard phase particles is also a common method, such as WC particles. The hardness of WC can reach 2700-3200 HV, and the hardness of a coating layer can be obviously improved. But WC decomposes above 1000 ℃ to form a low hardness phase, which limits its improvement in coating hardness and wear resistance. In order to improve the hardness of the coating to the maximum extent, the WC content must be improved, and the WC decomposition rate is reduced. The conventional mechanical mixing method can raise the decomposition rate of WC while raising the WC content inevitably, and can easily cause coating cracks. Therefore, there is a need for a composite powder that reduces WC decomposition rate, increases WC pristine phase content, and reduces microcrack levels.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder, composite material and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder is of a core-shell structure and comprises WC powder and stainless steel powder coated outside the WC powder.
Preferably, in the ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder, the content of WC powder is 60-80%, and the content of stainless steel powder is 20-40%.
Preferably, the bonding means between the WC powder and the stainless steel powder includes metallurgical bonding and mechanical bonding.
Preferably, the stainless steel powder is austenitic stainless steel powder.
The preparation method of the ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps of:
ball milling is carried out on the dried WC powder and the stainless steel powder, so that the stainless steel powder is coated on the outer layer of the WC powder, and the ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder is obtained.
Preferably, when the dry WC powder and the stainless steel powder are ball-milled, stainless steel grinding balls with different diameters are adopted, the diameter range of the stainless steel grinding balls is 6-20 mm, the ball-material ratio is 10:1, the rotating speed is 350r/min, and the ball milling time is 4-24 hours.
Preferably, the particle size of the dry WC powder is 50-100 μm, and the particle size of the dry stainless steel powder is 1-20 μm;
the stainless steel grinding balls comprise stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 6mm, stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 10mm and stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 20mm, and the number ratio of the stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 6mm to the stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 10mm to the stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 20mm is 3:50:200.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite material, which comprises the following steps:
the ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder disclosed by the invention is clad on the surface of a base material by a laser cladding method, and the ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer is formed on the surface of the base material, so that the composite material is obtained.
Preferably, during laser cladding, the laser power is 900W, the welding speed is 3mm/s, and the defocusing amount is as follows: +2mm.
The invention also provides a composite material which is prepared by the preparation method, wherein the vickers hardness of the ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant laser cladding layer is 915-1197HV0.3, and the abrasion loss is 5-20% of that of the pure stainless steel coating.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adds stainless steel (namely stainless steel powder or stainless steel powder layer) on the surface of WC ceramic phase particles (namely WC powder) in a mechanical alloying mode, and when laser cladding is carried out, stainless steel is used as a bonding phase in the preparation process of a cladding layer, and WC hard particles are bonded into a superhard coating. Because the stainless steel covers the WC phase during laser cladding, the stainless steel is melted first, so that WC particles can be prevented from melting or the melting degree is far lower than that of the existing WC coating. The WC hard particles can be incorporated into the weld deposit, and the weld deposit can obtain high hardness of WC. Meanwhile, the WC in the powder is metallurgically bonded with the stainless steel, so that the interface bonding microcracks or unbonded WC in the cladding layer and the stainless steel can be effectively avoided, the bonding strength of WC particles and bonding phases is effectively improved, and the falling probability of the WC particles in the service process is reduced. Therefore, the coating prepared by the powder can greatly improve the construction wear resistance, further prolong the service life and prolong the service time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of wear profile of a pure 316L stainless steel cladding;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the wear profile of the weld deposit in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the wear profile of the weld deposit in example 2 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph showing the wear profile of the weld deposit in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples.
The ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: the stainless steel powder content is 20% -40%; WC powder content is 60% -80%; 50-100 mu m of WC powder raw material, and 1-20 mu m of stainless steel powder;
the preparation method of the ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing stainless steel powder, WC powder and a ball milling tank into an oven, and drying at 100 ℃ for 1-2 hours;
step 2: weighing stainless steel powder and WC powder according to a proportion, and adding the stainless steel powder and the WC powder into a clean ball milling tank;
step 3: 3 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 20mm, 50 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 10mm and 200 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 6mm are added into a ball milling tank according to the ball-to-material ratio of 10:1;
step 4: symmetrically arranging ball milling tanks in a ball mill;
step 5: setting parameters for ball milling, wherein the ball milling time is 4-24 hours, specifically, the time is determined based on the granularity and the hardness of stainless steel, and the larger the granularity and the hardness, the longer the ball milling time;
step 6: and taking out the powder after ball milling is completed, and obtaining the ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder.
The ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder prepared by the preparation method is of a core-shell structure, and the composite microstructure powder takes WC as a core and stainless steel as a shell. The WC core and the stainless steel shell are mainly metallurgically bonded. In the process of preparing the cladding layer, the stainless steel shell melts to bond WC particles, so that the corrosion resistance is improved, the WC particles are not melted basically, and the hardness and the wear resistance are improved in the cladding layer.
Example 1
The ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 316L stainless steel powder 40%; WC powder 60%. Preparing a cladding layer on a base material by adopting laser cladding equipment, wherein the preparation parameters are as follows: power 900W, welding speed 3mm/s, defocus: +2mm.
Step 1: putting 316L powder, WC powder and a ball milling tank into an oven, and drying at 100 ℃ for 1 hour;
step 2: weighing 316L powder and WC powder according to the proportion of 4:6, and adding the powder and the WC powder into a clean ball milling tank;
step 3: 3 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 20mm, 50 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 10mm and 200 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 6mm are added into a ball milling tank according to the ball-to-material ratio of 10:1;
step 4: the ball milling tanks are symmetrically arranged on the ball mill;
step 5: the rotating speed is 350r/min, and the ball milling time is 4 hours;
step 6: taking out the powder after ball milling is completed;
step 7: selecting a Q235 substrate plate, removing an oxide layer and impurities on the surface of the Q235 plate by using sand paper, and wiping to remove greasy dirt and water stains on the surface of the Q235 by using acetone;
step 8: placing the powder obtained in the step 6 into a powder feeder, and feeding out the powder by using 99.99% Ar;
step 9: preparing a cladding layer on the surface of the Q235 treated in the step 7 by using a laser cladding method;
step 10: the microhardness and abrasion loss of the pure 316L coating and the cladding prepared in the embodiment are tested by a hardness tester and a frictional abrasion tester. The hardness was 300g under a load and the dwell time was 15s. The pin disc type is selected for abrasion test, and the cladding layer sample is a cylindrical sample with the diameter of 4.8mm and the height of 12.7 mm. The friction pair is 45# steel. The friction and wear test is carried out under the conditions of 50N load, 30min time and 100r/min rotating speed.
The hardness and wear resistance of the 316L/WC composite coating obtained in the example were tested, the Vickers hardness was 915HV0.3, and the wear amount was 20% of that of the pure 316L coating. The wear profile is shown in fig. 1 and 2.
Example 2
The ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 316L powder 30%; 70% of WC powder; preparing a cladding layer on a base material by adopting laser cladding equipment, wherein the laser cladding parameters are as follows: the power is 900W; the welding speed is 3mm/s; defocus amount: +2mm.
Step 1: putting 316L powder, WC powder and a ball milling tank into an oven, and drying at 100 ℃ for 1 hour;
step 2: weighing 316L powder and WC powder according to the proportion of 3:7, and adding the powder and the WC powder into a clean ball milling tank;
step 3: 3 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 20mm, 50 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 10mm and 200 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 6mm are added into a ball milling tank according to the ball-to-material ratio of 10:1;
step 4: the ball milling tanks are symmetrically arranged on the ball mill;
step 5: the rotating speed is 350r/min, and the ball milling time is 4 hours;
step 6: taking out the powder after ball milling is completed;
step 7: selecting a Q235 substrate plate, removing an oxide layer and impurities on the surface of the Q235 plate by using sand paper, and wiping to remove greasy dirt and water stains on the surface of the Q235 by using acetone;
step 8: placing the powder obtained in the step 6 into a powder feeder, and feeding out the powder by using 99.99% Ar;
step 9: preparing a cladding layer on the surface of the Q235 treated in the step 7 by using a laser cladding method;
step 10: the microhardness and abrasion loss of the 316L coating and the cladding layer prepared in this example were measured by a durometer and a frictional abrasion tester. The hardness was 300g under a load and the dwell time was 15s. The pin disc type is selected for abrasion test, and the cladding layer sample is a cylindrical sample with the diameter of 4.8mm and the height of 12.7 mm. The friction pair is 45# steel. The friction and wear test is carried out under the conditions of 50N load, 30min time and 100r/min rotating speed.
The 316L/WC composite cladding layer obtained in this example was subjected to hardness and wear resistance test, vickers hardness 1021HV0.3, and the wear amount was 11% of that of the pure 316L coating. The wear profile is shown in fig. 3.
Example 3
The ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 316L powder 20%; 80% of WC powder; preparing a cladding layer on a base material by adopting laser cladding equipment, wherein the laser cladding parameters are as follows: the power is 900W; the welding speed is 3mm/s; defocus amount: +2mm.
Step 1: putting 316L powder, WC powder and a ball milling tank into an oven, and drying at 100 ℃ for 1 hour;
step 2: weighing 316L powder and WC powder according to the proportion of 2:8, and adding the powder and the WC powder into a clean ball milling tank;
step 3: 3 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 20mm, 50 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 10mm and 200 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 6mm are added into a ball milling tank according to the ball-to-material ratio of 10:1;
step 4: the ball milling tanks are symmetrically arranged on the ball mill;
step 5: the rotating speed is 350r/min, and the ball milling time is 4 hours;
step 6: taking out the powder after ball milling is completed;
step 7: selecting a Q235 substrate plate, removing an oxide layer and impurities on the surface of the Q235 plate by using sand paper, and wiping to remove greasy dirt and water stains on the surface of the Q235 by using acetone;
step 8: placing the powder obtained in the step 6 into a powder feeder, and feeding out the powder by using 99.99% Ar;
step 9: preparing a cladding layer on the surface of the Q235 treated in the step 7 by using a laser cladding method;
step 10: the microhardness and abrasion loss of the 316L coating and the cladding layer prepared in this example were measured by a durometer and a frictional abrasion tester. The hardness was 300g under a load and the dwell time was 15s. The pin disc type is selected for abrasion test, and the cladding layer sample is a cylindrical sample with the diameter of 4.8mm and the height of 12.7 mm. The friction pair is 45# steel. The friction and wear test is carried out under the conditions of 50N load, 30min time and 100r/min rotating speed.
The 316L/WC composite cladding layer obtained in this example was subjected to hardness and wear resistance test, vickers hardness 1197HV0.3, and the wear amount was 5% of that of the pure 316L coating. The wear profile is shown in fig. 4.
The embodiment shows that the technical process is simple and feasible, and the deposited layer prepared from the composite microstructure powder has the properties of high hardness, high wear resistance and the like, and can meet the requirements of prolonging the service life and the long maintenance period of the wear-resistant part.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention. In addition to the above examples, various embodiments of the present invention are described. All technical schemes formed by adopting equivalent substitution fall within the scope of the invention.
It can be seen that the invention has the following features: WC hard phase is added into stainless steel powder, WC and the stainless steel powder are mechanically alloyed based on a ball milling process to form composite structure powder taking WC as a core and stainless steel as a shell, and the WC content can reach 60% -80%. In the laser cladding process, the stainless steel powder on the outer layer can protect WC, reduce the decomposition rate of WC and keep the original phase of WC in the cladding layer as much as possible. The non-decomposed WC particles can be used as a hard phase and a heterogeneous nucleation center, promote secondary dendrite formation and refine grains, and the superhard wear-resistant cladding layer is prepared.
Claims (7)
1. The ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder is characterized by being of a core-shell structure and comprising WC powder and stainless steel powder coated outside the WC powder;
in the ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder, the content of WC powder is 60% -80%, and the content of stainless steel powder is 20% -40%;
the stainless steel powder is austenitic stainless steel powder;
the preparation method of the ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder comprises the following steps:
ball milling is carried out on the dried WC powder and the stainless steel powder, so that the stainless steel powder is coated on the outer layer of the WC powder, and the ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder is obtained;
the particle size of the dry WC powder is 50-100 mu m, and the particle size of the dry stainless steel powder is 1-20 mu m.
2. The ultra-high hard corrosion resistant wear resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructured powder of claim 1, wherein the bonding means between WC powder and stainless steel powder comprises metallurgical bonding and mechanical bonding.
3. The ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder according to claim 1, wherein when dry WC powder and stainless steel powder are subjected to ball milling, stainless steel grinding balls with different diameters are adopted, the diameter range of the stainless steel grinding balls is 6-20 mm, the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, the rotating speed is 350r/min, and the ball milling time is 4-24 hours.
4. The ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder of claim 3,
the stainless steel grinding balls comprise stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 6mm, stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 10mm and stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 20mm, and the number ratio of the stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 6mm to the stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 10mm to the stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 20mm is 3:50:200.
5. The preparation method of the composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
cladding the ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder according to any one of claims 1-4 on the surface of a base material by a laser cladding method, and forming an ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer on the surface of the base material to obtain the composite material.
6. The method for preparing the composite material according to claim 5, wherein during laser cladding, the laser power is 900W, the welding speed is 3mm/s, and the defocus amount is: +2mm.
7. The composite material is characterized in that the composite material is prepared by the preparation method of claim 5 or 6, the vickers hardness of the ultra-high hard corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant laser cladding layer is 915-1197HV0.3, and the abrasion loss is 5% -20% of that of a pure stainless steel coating.
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| CN112247142A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-01-22 | 九江学院 | Double-hard-phase double-bonding-phase metal carbide ceramic powder with core-shell structure and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101559494A (en) * | 2009-06-02 | 2009-10-21 | 四川大学 | Core-shell structure type tungsten carbide-cobalt hard alloy raw material powder and preparation method thereof |
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