CN115746592A - Ultrahigh-hardness anti-corrosion wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder, composite material and preparation method of composite microstructure powder - Google Patents
Ultrahigh-hardness anti-corrosion wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder, composite material and preparation method of composite microstructure powder Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 47
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005551 mechanical alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses ultrahigh-hardness anti-corrosion wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder, a composite material and a preparation method thereof. According to the invention, a WC hard phase is added into stainless steel powder, WC and the stainless steel powder are mechanically alloyed based on a ball milling process to form composite structure powder with WC as a core and stainless steel as a shell, and the content of WC can reach 60-80%. In the laser cladding process, the outer stainless steel powder can protect WC, reduce the WC decomposition rate, and retain the WC original phase in the cladding layer as much as possible. The undecomposed WC particles can be used as a hard phase and can also be used as heterogeneous nucleation centers to promote the formation of secondary dendritic crystals and refine grains, and the superhard wear-resistant cladding layer is prepared.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coating protection, and particularly relates to ultrahigh-hardness anti-corrosion wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder, a composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The service environment of the structure and parts of a power plant such as a fan bearing, a blade, a volute, a boiler water-cooling wall and the like is complex, and the high corrosion resistance and wear resistance are required. The stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance is adopted as the member cladding layer, so that the corrosion resistance problem can be well solved, and the service requirement can be met in a short time. However, stainless steel has low hardness and poor wear resistance, and the frictional wear performance becomes a bottleneck in use.
At present, the most common method for improving the wear resistance of stainless steel is to add alloy elements, and the method has very limited improvement on the wear resistance and hardness of a coating layer. The addition of hard phase particles is also a common method, such as WC particles. The hardness of WC can reach 2700-3200 HV, and the hardness of a coating layer can be obviously improved. However, WC decomposes above 1000 ℃ to form a low hardness phase, which limits the increase in hardness and wear resistance of the coating. In order to improve the hardness of the coating to the maximum extent, the content of WC must be improved, and the decomposition rate of WC is reduced. The conventional mechanical mixing method inevitably increases the decomposition rate of WC while increasing the content of WC, and is easy to cause coating cracks. Therefore, a composite powder is needed which can reduce the decomposition rate of WC, increase the content of WC original phase and reduce the amount of microcrack.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the ultrahigh-hardness corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder, the composite material and the preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the composite microstructure powder with the ultrahigh-hardness anti-corrosion and wear-resistant laser cladding layer is of a core-shell structure and comprises WC powder and stainless steel powder coated outside the WC powder.
Preferably, in the composite microstructure powder with the ultrahigh-hardness, corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant laser cladding layer, the content of WC powder is 60-80% and the content of stainless steel powder is 20-40% by mass percent.
Preferably, the bonding means between the WC powder and the stainless steel powder includes metallurgical bonding and mechanical bonding.
Preferably, the stainless steel powder is an austenitic stainless steel powder.
The preparation method of the composite microstructure powder of the ultrahigh-hardness anti-corrosion wear-resistant laser cladding layer comprises the following steps:
and performing ball milling on the dried WC powder and stainless steel powder to coat the stainless steel powder on the outer layer of the WC powder to obtain the ultrahigh-hardness corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder.
Preferably, when the dry WC powder and the stainless steel powder are subjected to ball milling, stainless steel milling balls with different diameters are adopted, the diameter range of the stainless steel milling balls is 6-20 mm, the ball-material ratio is 10.
Preferably, the particle size of the dried WC powder is 50 to 100 μm, and the particle size of the dried stainless steel powder is 1 to 20 μm;
the stainless steel grinding ball comprises a stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 6mm, a stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 10mm and a stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 20mm, and the number ratio of the stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 6mm to the stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 10mm to the stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 20mm is 3.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite material, which comprises the following steps:
the composite microstructure powder of the ultrahigh-hardness anti-corrosion wear-resistant laser cladding layer is cladded on the surface of a base material by a laser cladding method, and the ultrahigh-hardness anti-corrosion wear-resistant laser cladding layer is formed on the surface of the base material, so that the composite material is obtained.
Preferably, during laser cladding, the laser power is 900W, the welding speed is 3mm/s, and the defocusing amount is as follows: +2mm.
The invention also provides a composite material, which is prepared by the preparation method, wherein the Vickers hardness of the ultrahigh-hardness anti-corrosion wear-resistant laser cladding layer is 915-1197HV0.3, and the abrasion loss is 5-20% of that of the pure stainless steel coating.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, stainless steel (namely stainless steel powder or a stainless steel powder layer) is added on the surface of WC ceramic phase particles (namely WC powder) in a mechanical alloying manner, and during laser cladding, stainless steel is used as a bonding phase in the preparation process of a cladding layer, and WC hard particles are bonded into a superhard coating. Because the stainless steel is coated with the WC phase during laser cladding, the stainless steel is melted first, so that WC particles can be prevented from being melted or the melting degree is far lower than that of the existing WC coating. The WC hard particles may be inherited into the clad layer, which may achieve the high hardness of WC. Meanwhile, the WC and the stainless steel in the powder are metallurgically bonded, so that bonding microcracks or non-bonding of the WC and the stainless steel interface in the cladding layer can be effectively avoided, the bonding strength of WC particles and a bonding phase is effectively improved, and the probability of the WC particles falling off in the service process is reduced. Therefore, the coating prepared from the powder can greatly improve the wear resistance, further prolong the service life and prolong the service life.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of wear profile of a pure 316L stainless steel cladding layer;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the wear profile of the cladding layer in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a wear profile of the cladding layer in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a wear profile of the cladding layer in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the following examples.
The raw materials of the ultrahigh-hardness corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder comprise WC powder and stainless steel powder in percentage by mass: the content of the stainless steel powder is 20 to 40 percent; the content of WC powder is 60-80%; 50-100 μm of WC powder raw material, 1-20 μm of stainless steel powder particle size;
the preparation method of the composite microstructure powder of the ultra-hard anti-corrosion wear-resistant laser cladding layer comprises the following steps:
step 1: putting the stainless steel powder, the WC powder and the ball milling tank into an oven, and drying for 1-2 hours at 100 ℃;
and 2, step: weighing stainless steel powder and WC powder according to a proportion, and adding into a clean ball milling tank;
and step 3: adding 3 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 20mm, 50 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 10mm and 200 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 6mm into a ball milling tank according to a ball-material ratio of 10;
and 4, step 4: symmetrically installing ball milling tanks in a ball mill;
and 5: setting parameters for ball milling, wherein the ball milling time is 4-24 hours, specifically, the ball milling time is determined based on the granularity and the hardness of stainless steel, and the larger the granularity and the hardness are, the longer the ball milling time is;
step 6: and taking out the powder after ball milling is finished to obtain the ultrahigh-hardness corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder.
The ultrahigh-hardness corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder prepared by the preparation method is of a core-shell structure, and the composite microstructure powder takes WC as a core and stainless steel powder as a shell. The WC core is metallurgically bonded to the stainless steel shell. In the process of preparing the cladding layer, the stainless steel shell is melted to bond WC particles and improve the corrosion resistance, and the WC particles are basically not melted and play a role in improving the hardness and the wear resistance in the cladding layer.
Example 1
The composite microstructure powder of the ultra-hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of 316L stainless steel powder; 60% of WC powder. Preparing a cladding layer on a base material by adopting laser cladding equipment, wherein the preparation parameters are as follows: power 900W, welding speed 3mm/s, defocus amount: +2mm.
Step 1: putting 316L powder, WC powder and a ball milling tank into an oven, and drying for 1 hour at 100 ℃;
step 2: weighing 316L powder and WC powder according to the ratio of 4;
and 3, step 3: adding 3 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 20mm, 50 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 10mm and 200 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 6mm into a ball milling tank according to a ball-material ratio of 10;
and 4, step 4: the ball milling tanks are symmetrically arranged on the ball mill;
and 5: the rotating speed is 350r/min, and the ball milling time is 4 hours;
step 6: taking out powder after ball milling is finished;
and 7: selecting a Q235 base plate, removing an oxide layer and impurities on the surface of the Q235 plate by using sand paper, and wiping oil stains and water stains on the surface of the Q235 plate by using acetone;
and 8: placing the powder obtained in step 6 into a powder feeder and feeding out the powder with 99.99% Ar;
and step 9: preparing a cladding layer on the surface of the Q235 treated in the step 7 by using a laser cladding method;
step 10: the microhardness and the abrasion loss of the pure 316L coating and the cladding layer prepared in the embodiment are tested by a hardness tester and a friction abrasion tester. The hardness is 300g, and the dwell time is 15s. The wear test was carried out in the form of a pin-disk, the weld-deposit specimen being a cylindrical specimen with a diameter of 4.8mm and a height of 12.7 mm. The friction pair is 45# steel. The friction and wear test selects the load of 50N, the time of 30min and the rotating speed of 100r/min.
The 316L/WC composite coating obtained in the embodiment is subjected to hardness and wear resistance tests, the Vickers hardness is 915HV0.3, and the wear loss is 20% of that of a pure 316L coating. The wear profile is shown in fig. 1 and 2.
Example 2
The composite microstructure powder of the ultra-hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 316L powder 30%; 70% of WC powder; preparing a cladding layer on a base material by adopting laser cladding equipment, wherein the laser cladding parameters are as follows: the power is 900W; the welding speed is 3mm/s; defocus amount: +2mm.
Step 1: putting 316L of powder, WC powder and a ball milling tank into an oven, and drying for 1 hour at 100 ℃;
step 2: weighing 316L powder and WC powder according to the proportion of 3;
and step 3: adding 3 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 20mm, 50 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 10mm and 200 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 6mm into a ball milling tank according to a ball-material ratio of 10;
and 4, step 4: the ball milling tanks are symmetrically arranged on the ball mill;
and 5: the rotating speed is 350r/min, and the ball milling time is 4 hours;
step 6: taking out powder after ball milling is finished;
and 7: selecting a Q235 base plate, removing an oxide layer and impurities on the surface of the Q235 plate by using sand paper, and wiping oil stains and water stains on the surface of the Q235 plate by using acetone;
and step 8: placing the powder obtained in step 6 into a powder feeder and feeding out the powder with 99.99% Ar;
and step 9: preparing a cladding layer on the surface of the Q235 treated in the step 7 by using a laser cladding method;
step 10: the microhardness and the abrasion loss of the 316L coating and the cladding layer prepared by the embodiment are tested by a hardness meter and a friction abrasion tester. The hardness is 300g, and the dwell time is 15s. The wear test was carried out in the form of a pin-disk, the weld-deposit specimen being a cylindrical specimen with a diameter of 4.8mm and a height of 12.7 mm. The friction pair is 45# steel. The friction and wear test selects the load of 50N, the time of 30min and the rotating speed of 100r/min.
The 316L/WC composite cladding layer obtained in the embodiment is subjected to hardness and wear resistance tests, the Vickers hardness is 1021HV0.3, and the wear loss is 11% of that of a pure 316L coating. The wear profile is shown in figure 3.
Example 3
The composite microstructure powder of the ultra-hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 316L powder 20%; 80% of WC powder; preparing a cladding layer on the base material by adopting laser cladding equipment, wherein the laser cladding parameters are as follows: the power is 900W; the welding speed is 3mm/s; defocus amount: +2mm.
Step 1: putting 316L powder, WC powder and a ball milling tank into an oven, and drying for 1 hour at 100 ℃;
step 2: weighing 316L powder and WC powder according to the ratio of 2;
and step 3: adding 3 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 20mm, 50 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 10mm and 200 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 6mm into a ball milling tank according to a ball-material ratio of 10;
and 4, step 4: the ball milling tanks are symmetrically arranged on the ball mill;
and 5: the rotating speed is 350r/min, and the ball milling time is 4 hours;
step 6: taking out powder after ball milling is finished;
and 7: selecting a Q235 base plate, removing an oxide layer and impurities on the surface of the Q235 plate by using sand paper, and wiping oil stains and water stains on the surface of the Q235 plate by using acetone;
and step 8: placing the powder obtained in step 6 into a powder feeder and feeding out the powder with 99.99% Ar;
and step 9: preparing a cladding layer on the surface of the Q235 treated in the step 7 by using a laser cladding method;
step 10: the microhardness and the abrasion loss of the 316L coating and the cladding layer prepared in the embodiment are tested by a hardness tester and a friction abrasion tester. The hardness is 300g, and the dwell time is 15s. A pin disc mode is selected for abrasion test, and the cladding layer sample is a cylindrical sample with the diameter of 4.8mm and the height of 12.7 mm. The friction pair is 45# steel. The friction and wear test selects the load of 50N, the time of 30min and the rotating speed of 100r/min.
The 316L/WC composite cladding layer obtained in the embodiment is subjected to hardness and wear resistance tests, wherein the Vickers hardness of 1197HV0.3 is obtained, and the wear loss is 5% of that of the pure 316L coating. The wear profile is shown in figure 4.
The embodiment shows that the process is simple and feasible, and the cladding layer prepared from the composite microstructure powder has the properties of high hardness, high wear resistance and the like, and can meet the requirements of prolonging the service life of wear-resistant parts and prolonging the overhaul period.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. In addition to the above examples, the present invention may be variously embodied. All technical solutions formed by equivalent substitutions fall within the scope of the claimed invention.
It can be seen that the present invention has the following features: adding WC hard phase into stainless steel powder, and mechanically alloying WC and stainless steel powder based on a ball milling process to form composite structure powder with WC as a core and stainless steel as a shell, wherein the WC content can reach 60-80%. In the laser cladding process, the outer stainless steel powder can protect WC, reduce the WC decomposition rate, and retain the WC original phase in the cladding layer as much as possible. The undecomposed WC particles can be used as a hard phase and can also be used as heterogeneous nucleation centers to promote the formation of secondary dendritic crystals and refine grains, and the superhard wear-resistant cladding layer is prepared.
Claims (10)
1. The ultrahigh-hardness anti-corrosion wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder is characterized by being of a core-shell structure and comprising WC powder and stainless steel powder coated outside the WC powder.
2. The ultra-hard corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of WC powder is 60-80% and the content of stainless steel powder is 20-40% in the ultra-hard corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder in percentage by mass.
3. The ultra-hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bonding manner between the WC powder and the stainless steel powder includes metallurgical bonding and mechanical bonding.
4. The ultra-hard corrosion and wear resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stainless steel powder is austenitic stainless steel powder.
5. The method for preparing the composite microstructure powder of the ultra-hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and performing ball milling on the dried WC powder and the stainless steel powder to coat the stainless steel powder on the outer layer of the WC powder to obtain the ultrahigh-hardness corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder.
6. The preparation method of the ultra-hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder as claimed in claim 5, wherein when the dry WC powder and the stainless steel powder are subjected to ball milling, stainless steel grinding balls with different diameters are adopted, the diameter range of the stainless steel grinding balls is 6-20 mm, the ball-material ratio is 10.
7. The method for preparing the ultra-hard corrosion-resistant wear-resistant laser cladding layer composite microstructure powder as claimed in claim 6, wherein the particle size of the dried WC powder is 50-100 μm, and the particle size of the dried stainless steel powder is 1-20 μm;
the stainless steel grinding ball comprises a stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 6mm, a stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 10mm and a stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 20mm, wherein the number ratio of the stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 6mm to the stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 10mm to the stainless steel grinding ball with the diameter of 20mm is 3.
8. The preparation method of the composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the composite microstructure powder of the ultra-hard anti-corrosion wear-resistant laser cladding layer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 is cladded on the surface of a base material by a laser cladding method, and the ultra-hard anti-corrosion wear-resistant laser cladding layer is formed on the surface of the base material, so that the composite material is obtained.
9. The preparation method of the composite material according to claim 8, wherein during laser cladding, the laser power is 900W, the welding speed is 3mm/s, and the defocusing amount is as follows: +2mm.
10. A composite material, which is prepared by the preparation method of claim 8 or 9, wherein the ultra-hard anti-corrosion and wear-resistant laser cladding layer has vickers hardness of 915-1197hv0.3, and the abrasion amount is 5-20% of that of a pure stainless steel coating.
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101559494A (en) * | 2009-06-02 | 2009-10-21 | 四川大学 | Core-shell structure type tungsten carbide-cobalt hard alloy raw material powder and preparation method thereof |
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