CN111748811B - Surface strengthening and anti-corrosion treatment process for traction motor rotor - Google Patents
Surface strengthening and anti-corrosion treatment process for traction motor rotor Download PDFInfo
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- CN111748811B CN111748811B CN202010485140.8A CN202010485140A CN111748811B CN 111748811 B CN111748811 B CN 111748811B CN 202010485140 A CN202010485140 A CN 202010485140A CN 111748811 B CN111748811 B CN 111748811B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
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Abstract
The invention discloses a surface strengthening anticorrosion treatment process for a traction motor rotor, which comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating the surface of the motor rotor; (2) five metal elements of Ti, Zr, V, Mo and Cr are adopted to be proportioned and melted into alloy powder; (3) preparing the alloy powder and graphene into coating material powder by adopting wet ball milling; (4) coating material powder on the surface of a rotor matrix by a cold spraying machine, cladding the strengthened matrix by a laser machine under the condition that a traction motor rotor is connected with pulse current, and forming a cladding layer which is composed of metal carbide and has the strengthened anticorrosion function on the surface of the traction motor rotor after cooling. In a word, the cladding layer prepared on the surface of the motor rotor is smooth, compact in structure, uniform in structure, high in bonding degree between the cladding layer and the substrate, and free of pores and cracks on the surface, and the wear-resisting, corrosion-resisting, heat-resisting, oxidation-resisting or electrical characteristics of the surface of the motor rotor are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser coating, and particularly relates to a surface strengthening anticorrosion treatment process for a traction motor rotor.
Background
The operating principle of the traction motor for rail transit is the same as that of a general direct current motor, but special operating conditions are as follows: the space size is limited by the gauge and the diameter of the driving wheel; considerable impact vibration is borne when the locomotive runs through rail gaps and turnouts; strong torsional vibration can be generated on the armature when the large gear and the small gear are not meshed well; when the device is used in a severe environment, rain, snow, dust and sand are easy to enter. Therefore, the traction motor is designed to fully utilize the space in the machine body, so that the structure is compact, a higher-grade insulating material and a higher-grade magnetic material are adopted, parts need to have higher mechanical strength and rigidity, the whole motor needs to have good ventilation and heat dissipation conditions and dust-proof and moisture-proof capabilities, simultaneously, a rotor needs to be subjected to a surface strengthening procedure before assembly, and the prior developed countries in Europe and America adopt sand blasting or shot blasting treatment before the rotor is assembled, and the following defects exist no matter the sand blasting or the shot blasting is adopted: (1) the compactness and the uniformity of sand blasting/shot blasting are all based on empirical parameters, and in the same time period, the shot blasting and sand blasting are influenced by factors such as time, shot blasting particle size, wind power, power stability and the like, so that the reinforcement is not uniform, and the risk of unqualified corrosion resistance is caused; (2) a large amount of toxic and harmful dust is generated by sand blasting and shot blasting, so that the environment is polluted, and the health of operators is seriously threatened;
in the prior art, the traditional sand blasting/shot blasting is replaced by laser cladding, and an external material is added into a molten pool formed by a substrate after laser irradiation in a synchronous or material presetting mode, and the external material and the molten pool are rapidly solidified together to form a coating layer. However, in the traditional laser cladding process, the components and the structure are not uniform, the compactness of coating powder is low, and pores are easy to form, so that the bonding strength of a cladding layer and a substrate is influenced. In addition, for the motor rotor with the uneven surface structure, the situation that the final overall structure thickness of a cladding layer is uneven due to the flowing of cladding powder occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a traction motor rotor surface strengthening anticorrosion treatment process.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a traction motor rotor surface strengthening anti-corrosion treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) surface pretreatment: firstly, degreasing and derusting the surface of a traction motor rotor by adopting an acid pickling passivation solution, and drying after rinsing with clear water to obtain the traction motor rotor with a pretreated surface;
(2) preparing alloy powder: the weight percentages are as follows: weighing raw materials of 19-20% of Ti, 19-20% of Zr, 19-20% of V, 19-20% of Mo and the balance of Cr, smelting the raw materials into alloy melt by vacuum induction, preparing the alloy melt into powder by gas atomization to obtain alloy powder,
(3) preparing coating material powder: sieving and selecting alloy powder with the particle size of 20-40 um, wherein the alloy powder and graphene are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 5-20, adding the mixture into a ball mill, and carrying out ball milling treatment for 20-40h to obtain coating material powder;
(4) surface coating treatment: and (2) loading the coating material into a cold spraying machine, uniformly spraying a layer of coating material on the surface of the traction motor rotor pretreated in the step (1) by adopting a cold spraying method to serve as a reinforced matrix, cladding the reinforced matrix by adopting a laser machine under the condition that the traction motor rotor is connected with 1500-2100A current, and forming a cladding layer which is formed by metal carbide and has the function of strengthening corrosion resistance on the surface of the traction motor rotor after cooling.
Furthermore, Ti is a TA1 pure titanium plate with the purity of 99.96%, Zr is a high-purity zirconium block with the purity of 99.99%, V is a high-purity vanadium particle with the purity of 99.95%, Mo is a molybdenum block with the purity of 99.99%, and Cr is a chromium plate with the purity of 99.95%.
Further, the vacuum induction melting process in the step (2) comprises the following steps: firstly, adding raw materials of Ti, Zr, V, Mo and Cr into a calcium oxide ceramic crucible in a vacuum smelting furnace, heating to 700-800 ℃, and preserving heat for 5-10 min; step two, gradually heating to 2750-2800 ℃ at the speed of 20-30 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 20-25min to completely melt the raw materials; and step three, gradually cooling to 2500-2600 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 15-20min to obtain alloy molten slurry.
Further, the specific method for preparing the coating material powder in the step (3) includes the steps of:
(31) sieving and selecting alloy powder with the particle size of 20-40 um, wherein the alloy powder and graphene are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 5-20, adding into a ball mill;
(32) mixing poly-alpha-olefin and 20-50% ethanol solution according to the volume ratio of 1:60-90, and ultrasonically emulsifying at 26-30kHz frequency for 30min to obtain grinding fluid;
(33) adding the grinding liquid into a ball mill for 3-5 times, wherein the total mass of the grinding liquid accounts for 20% -30% of the total mass of the alloy powder and the graphene mixture, the ball-material ratio is 10:1, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 300rpm, and the ball milling time is 20-40 h; the poly-alpha-olefin has good lubricity and excellent oxidation resistance, can prevent alloy powder from being oxidized in a long-time grinding process, can assist graphene to be uniformly dispersed on the alloy powder, and is beneficial to forming more uniform carbide during laser cladding.
(34) And taking out the product after ball milling is finished, and drying in vacuum to obtain the alloy powder with the surface coated with the graphene, wherein the alloy powder can be used as cold spraying coating material powder.
Further, the cold spraying process method in the step (4) comprises the following steps: the preparation coating material powder is loaded into cold spraying equipment, the preparation coating material powder cold sprayed in the spraying process impacts the surface of the traction motor rotor at the speed of 1500-: the gas pressure is 1.5-1.7MPa, the gas heating temperature is 150-. The cold spraying is low in relative temperature, coating material powder cannot be prepared by melting, the coating material powder is prepared by utilizing compressed air to accelerate to a critical speed (supersonic speed), the prepared coating material powder is flattened on the surface of a traction motor rotor and firmly attached, a powder material with more uniform thickness is provided for laser cladding, and the method is more suitable for the condition of complex substrate surface structure compared with a synchronous powder feeding method.
Further, in the step (4), the current is pulse current, the pulse frequency is 1000-. The electromagnetic turn-shrinking effect generated by the strong pulse current can generate shear stress in the process that the reinforced anti-corrosion layer and the surface metal of the rotor are melted by laser, so that dendrite is broken or partially remelted, and crystal grains are refined.
Further, the specific parameters of the laser machine for cladding the strengthened matrix in the step (4) are as follows: the cladding laser power is 4500-.
Further, the cooling method in the step (4) is to blow the surface of the traction motor rotor by low-temperature air at the temperature of-20 ℃ to-10 ℃ at the speed of 10-15 m/s. The cladding layer on the surface is rapidly cooled at low temperature, so that the solidification structure can be refined, and the strength of the reinforced anticorrosive layer is increased.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) five metal elements of Ti, Zr, V, Mo and Cr are compatible with graphene, and are combined with laser cladding to form metal carbide under the condition of pulse current introduction, the strength of a cladding layer material is increased depending on defects in a crystal structure, and the physical property of the surface of a rotor is enhanced;
(2) the invention adopts a cold spraying machine to replace CO2The powder is preset on the surface of a rotor matrix by the laser cladding powder feeder, the cold spraying relative temperature is low, the coating material powder cannot be prepared by melting, the coating material powder is prepared by utilizing compressed air to accelerate to the supersonic critical speed, the prepared coating material powder is flattened and firmly adhered to the surface of the traction motor rotor, and powder materials with more uniform thickness are provided for laser cladding, and CO is used for providing CO2The powder feeding of the laser cladding powder feeder is easy to flow, so that the final integral tissue thickness of the cladding layer is not uniform,thereby affecting the density of the cladding layer and reducing the corrosion resistance of the cladding layer.
In a word, the cladding layer prepared on the surface of the motor rotor by the invention has the advantages of smoothness, compact structure, uniform structure, high bonding degree of the cladding layer and the matrix, no air holes or cracks on the surface, and remarkable improvement on the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance or electrical characteristics of the surface of the motor rotor.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A traction motor rotor surface strengthening anti-corrosion treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) surface pretreatment: the surface-pretreated traction motor rotor is prepared by diluting a special pickling passivation solution for a copper material which is a product sold in Shenzhen Xinchangyuan scientific and technology Limited company in a volume ratio of 1:15, immersing the traction motor rotor for 3 minutes at 30 ℃, taking out the traction motor rotor, removing oil stains and rust stains on the surface of the traction motor rotor, flushing the traction motor rotor with clear water, and drying the traction motor rotor at 70 ℃;
(2) preparing alloy powder: the weight percentage is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of weighing raw materials of 19% of Ti, 19% of Zr, 19% of V and 19% of Mo, and the balance of Cr, wherein the Ti is a TA1 pure titanium plate with the purity of 99.96%, the Zr is a high-purity zirconium block with the purity of 99.99%, the V is high-purity vanadium particles with the purity of 99.95%, the Mo is a molybdenum block with the purity of 99.99%, and the Cr is a chromium plate with the purity of 99.95%. Smelting the weighed raw materials into alloy melt by adopting vacuum induction, wherein the process steps of the vacuum induction smelting are as follows: firstly, adding raw materials of Ti, Zr, V, Mo and Cr into a calcium oxide ceramic crucible in a vacuum smelting furnace, heating to 700 ℃, and preserving heat for 5 min; step two, gradually raising the temperature to 2750 ℃ at a speed of 20 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 20min to completely melt the raw materials; and step three, gradually cooling to 2500 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 15min to obtain alloy molten slurry. Then, carrying out gas atomization powder preparation on the alloy melt to obtain alloy powder, wherein the process parameters of the gas atomization powder preparation are as follows: controlling the nitrogen spraying speed to be 850 m/s; the flow ratio of the nitrogen to the alloy melt is 20: 1.
(3) Preparing coating material powder: sieving and selecting alloy powder with the particle size of 20um, wherein the mass ratio of the alloy powder to graphene is 1: 5, adding the mixture into a ball mill; mixing poly-alpha-olefin and 20% volume fraction ethanol solution according to the volume ratio of 1:60, and ultrasonically emulsifying at 26kHz frequency for 30min to obtain grinding fluid; adding the grinding liquid into a ball mill for 3-5 times, wherein the total mass of the grinding liquid accounts for 20% of the total mass of the alloy powder and the graphene mixture, the ball-material ratio is 10:1, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 300rpm, and the ball milling time is 20 hours; the poly-alpha-olefin has good lubricity and excellent oxidation resistance, can prevent alloy powder from being oxidized in a long-time grinding process, can assist graphene to be uniformly dispersed on the alloy powder, and is beneficial to forming more uniform carbide during laser cladding. And taking out the product after ball milling is finished, and drying in vacuum to obtain the alloy powder coated with the graphene on the surface, wherein the alloy powder can be used as cold spraying coating material powder.
(4) Surface coating treatment: firstly, filling prepared coating material powder into cold spraying equipment, impacting the prepared coating material powder subjected to cold spraying in the spraying process on the surface of a traction motor rotor at the speed of 1500m/s, carrying out plastic deformation on the prepared coating material powder in a solid state, depositing the prepared coating material powder on the surface of the traction motor rotor to form a coating with the thickness of 1mm as a reinforced matrix, wherein the cold spraying process parameters are as follows: the gas pressure is 1.5MPa, the gas heating temperature is 150 ℃, the powder feeding amount is controlled at 8g/min, the distance between the outlet of the spray gun and the deposition surface is controlled at 10mm, and the moving speed of the spray gun is 60 mm/min. The cold spraying is low in relative temperature, coating material powder cannot be prepared by melting, the coating material powder is prepared by utilizing compressed air to accelerate to a critical speed (supersonic speed), the prepared coating material powder is flattened on the surface of a traction motor rotor and firmly attached, a powder material with more uniform thickness is provided for laser cladding, and the method is more suitable for the condition of complex substrate surface structure compared with a synchronous powder feeding method.
And secondly, switching on pulse current with the pulse frequency of 1000HZ and the current magnitude of 1500A for the rotor of the traction motor until the surface of the rotor of the traction motor is heated to 600 ℃, and then carrying out laser cladding on the strengthened matrix by adopting a laser machine. The electromagnetic turn-shrinking effect generated by the strong pulse current can generate shear stress in the process that the reinforced anti-corrosion layer and the surface metal of the rotor are melted by laser, so that dendrite is broken or partially remelted, and crystal grains are refined.
Thirdly, cladding the strengthened matrix by using a carbon dioxide laser machine under the condition that the rotor of the traction motor is connected with pulse current, wherein the specific parameters of cladding the strengthened matrix by using the carbon dioxide laser machine are as follows: the cladding laser power is 4500W, the spot diameter is 2mm, the scanning speed is 7mm/s, the lap joint rate is 40%, and the laser incident angle forms an included angle of 60 degrees with the surface of the traction motor rotor.
And fourthly, blowing the surface of the traction motor rotor by adopting low-temperature air at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ at the speed of 10m/s to rapidly cool the surface of the traction motor rotor so as to form a cladding layer which is composed of metal carbide and has the function of strengthening corrosion resistance. The cladding layer on the surface is rapidly cooled at low temperature, so that the solidification structure can be refined, and the strength of the reinforced anticorrosive layer is increased.
Example 2
A surface strengthening anticorrosion treatment process for a traction motor rotor comprises the following steps:
(1) surface pretreatment: the method comprises the steps of diluting a special pickling passivation solution for a copper product sold in Xinchangyuan scientific and technological Limited company in Shenzhen city in a volume ratio of 1:15, immersing a traction motor rotor for 4 minutes at 45 ℃, taking out the traction motor rotor, removing oil stains and rust on the surface of the traction motor rotor, flushing with clean water, and drying at 70 ℃ to obtain a traction motor rotor with a pretreated surface;
(2) preparing alloy powder: the weight percentages are as follows: 19.5 percent of Ti, 19.5 percent of Zr, 19.5 percent of V and 19.5 percent of Mo, and the balance of Cr, wherein the Ti is a TA1 pure titanium plate with the purity of 99.96 percent, the Zr is a high-purity zirconium block with the purity of 99.99 percent, the V is high-purity vanadium particles with the purity of 99.95 percent, the Mo is a molybdenum block with the purity of 99.99 percent, and the Cr is a chromium plate with the purity of 99.95 percent. Smelting the weighed raw materials into molten alloy by adopting vacuum induction, wherein the process steps of the vacuum induction smelting are as follows: firstly, adding raw materials of Ti, Zr, V, Mo and Cr into a calcium oxide ceramic crucible in a vacuum smelting furnace, heating to 750 ℃, and preserving heat for 10 min; step two, gradually heating to 2800 ℃ at the speed of 25 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 23min to completely melt the raw materials; and step three, gradually cooling to 2500 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 18min to obtain alloy molten slurry. Then, carrying out gas atomization powder preparation on the alloy melt to obtain alloy powder, wherein the process parameters of the gas atomization powder preparation are as follows: controlling the nitrogen spraying speed to be 870 m/s; the flow ratio of the nitrogen to the alloy melt is 21: 1.
(3) Preparing coating material powder: sieving and selecting alloy powder with the particle size of 30um, wherein the mass ratio of the alloy powder to graphene is 1:15 adding into a ball mill; mixing poly-alpha-olefin and 35% by volume of ethanol solution according to the volume ratio of 1:75, and ultrasonically emulsifying at 28kHz frequency for 30min to obtain grinding fluid; adding the grinding liquid into a ball mill for 4 times, wherein the total mass of the grinding liquid accounts for 25% of the total mass of the alloy powder and the graphene mixture, the ball-material ratio is 10:1, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 300rpm, and the ball milling time is 30 hours. And taking out the product after ball milling is finished, and drying in vacuum to obtain the alloy powder with the surface coated with the graphene, wherein the alloy powder can be used as cold spraying coating material powder.
(4) Surface coating treatment: firstly, filling powder of a coating material into cold spraying equipment, impacting the powder of the coating material cold sprayed in the spraying process on the surface of a traction motor rotor at a speed of 1600m/s, carrying out plastic deformation on the powder of the coating material in a solid state, depositing the powder of the coating material on the surface of the traction motor rotor to form a coating with the thickness of 1.5mm as a reinforced matrix, wherein the cold spraying process comprises the following parameters: the gas pressure is 1.6MPa, the gas heating temperature is 160 ℃, the powder feeding amount is controlled at 10g/min, the distance between the outlet of the spray gun and the deposition surface is controlled at 15mm, and the moving speed of the spray gun is 70 mm/min.
And secondly, switching on pulse current with the pulse frequency of 2000HZ and the current of 2000A to the traction motor rotor until the surface of the traction motor rotor is heated to 650 ℃, and then carrying out laser cladding on the strengthened matrix by adopting a laser machine.
Thirdly, cladding the strengthened matrix by using a carbon dioxide laser machine under the condition that the rotor of the traction motor is connected with pulse current, wherein the specific parameters of cladding the strengthened matrix by using the carbon dioxide laser machine are as follows: the power of cladding laser is 4700W, the diameter of a light spot is 2mm, the scanning speed is 7.5mm/s, the lap-joint rate is 40%, and the incident angle of the laser forms an included angle of 60 degrees with the surface of a traction motor rotor.
And fourthly, blowing the surface of the traction motor rotor by adopting low-temperature air at the temperature of 15 ℃ below zero at the speed of 12m/s to rapidly cool the surface of the traction motor rotor so as to form a cladding layer which is composed of metal carbide and has the function of strengthening corrosion resistance. The cladding layer on the surface is rapidly cooled at low temperature, so that the solidification structure can be refined, and the strength of the reinforced anticorrosive layer is increased.
Example 3
A traction motor rotor surface strengthening anti-corrosion treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) surface pretreatment: the surface-pretreated traction motor rotor is prepared by diluting a special pickling passivation solution for a copper material which is a product sold in Shenzhen Xinchangyuan scientific and technology Limited company in a volume ratio of 1:15, immersing the traction motor rotor for 5 minutes at 60 ℃, taking out the traction motor rotor, removing oil stains and rust stains on the surface of the traction motor rotor, flushing the traction motor rotor with clear water, and drying the traction motor rotor at 70 ℃;
(2) preparing alloy powder: the weight percentages are as follows: 19.7 percent of Ti, 19.7 percent of Zr, 19.7 percent of V and 19.7 percent of Mo, and the balance of Cr, wherein the Ti is a TA1 pure titanium plate with the purity of 99.96 percent, the Zr is a high-purity zirconium block with the purity of 99.99 percent, the V is high-purity vanadium particles with the purity of 99.95 percent, the Mo is a molybdenum block with the purity of 99.99 percent, and the Cr is a chromium plate with the purity of 99.95 percent. Smelting the weighed raw materials into molten alloy by adopting vacuum induction, wherein the process steps of the vacuum induction smelting are as follows: firstly, adding raw materials of Ti, Zr, V, Mo and Cr into a calcium oxide ceramic crucible in a vacuum smelting furnace, heating to 800 ℃, and preserving heat for 10 min; step two, gradually heating to 2800 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 25min to completely melt the raw materials; and step three, gradually cooling to 2600 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 20min to obtain alloy molten slurry. Then, carrying out gas atomization powder preparation on the alloy melt to obtain alloy powder, wherein the process parameters of the gas atomization powder preparation are as follows: controlling the nitrogen spraying speed to be 900 m/s; the flow ratio of the nitrogen to the alloy melt is 22: 1.
(3) Preparing coating material powder: screening and selecting alloy powder with the particle size of 40um, and mixing the alloy powder with graphene according to a mass ratio of 1: 20 adding into a ball mill; mixing poly alpha-olefin and 50% volume fraction ethanol solution according to the volume ratio of 1:90, and performing ultrasonic emulsification at 30kHz frequency for 30min to obtain grinding fluid; adding the grinding liquid into a ball mill for 3-5 times, wherein the total mass of the grinding liquid accounts for 30% of the total mass of the alloy powder and the graphene mixture, the ball-material ratio is 10:1, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 300rpm, and the ball milling time is 40 h. And taking out the product after ball milling is finished, and drying in vacuum to obtain the alloy powder with the surface coated with the graphene, wherein the alloy powder can be used as cold spraying coating material powder.
(4) Surface coating treatment: firstly, filling prepared coating material powder into cold spraying equipment, impacting the prepared coating material powder on the surface of a traction motor rotor at a speed of 1750m/s during cold spraying, carrying out plastic deformation on the prepared coating material powder in a solid state, depositing the powder on the surface of the traction motor rotor to form a coating with the thickness of 3mm as a reinforced matrix, wherein the cold spraying process comprises the following parameters: the gas pressure is 1.7MPa, the gas heating temperature is 170 ℃, the powder feeding amount is controlled at 12g/min, the distance between the outlet of the spray gun and the deposition surface is controlled at 20mm, and the moving speed of the spray gun is 80 mm/min.
And secondly, switching on a pulse current with the pulse frequency of 3000HZ and the current of 2100A to the rotor of the traction motor until the surface of the rotor of the traction motor is heated to 700 ℃, and then carrying out laser cladding on the strengthened matrix by adopting a laser machine.
Thirdly, cladding the strengthened matrix by using a carbon dioxide laser machine under the condition that the rotor of the traction motor is connected with pulse current, wherein the specific parameters of cladding the strengthened matrix by using the carbon dioxide laser machine are as follows: the cladding laser power is 5000W, the spot diameter is 2mm, the scanning speed is 8mm/s, the lap-joint rate is 40%, and the laser incident angle forms an included angle of 60 degrees with the surface of the traction motor rotor.
And fourthly, blowing and sweeping the surface of the rotor of the traction motor by low-temperature air at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ at the speed of 15m/s to quickly cool the rotor to form a cladding layer which is composed of metal carbide and has the function of strengthening corrosion resistance. The cladding layer on the surface is rapidly cooled at low temperature, so that the solidification structure can be refined, and the strength of the reinforced anticorrosive layer is increased.
The performance of the reinforced anti-corrosion layer formed on the surface of the traction motor rotor in examples 1 to 3 was tested, wherein the hardness was measured in vickers hardness, in HV; the bonding strength of the cladding layer and the rotor step is detected by GB/T6396-2008, the unit is MPa, and the appearance detection is detected by a microscope; the corrosion resistance was calculated using a standard corrosion test specification (astm g54-77) with a high temperature corrosion time of 168 hours. The results of the performance measurements are shown in table 1:
table 1 examples 1-3 results of performance tests of a cladding layer formed on a surface of a traction motor rotor
It can be seen from table 1 that the effect of the cladding layer is the most excellent at the production method of example 2.
Experimental example 4
The embodiment is used for researching the influence of different ball milling conditions on the performance of the cladding layer on the surface of the traction motor rotor.
Taking example 2 as an experimental example, setting comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, wherein the comparative example 1 adopts dry ball milling without using grinding fluid; comparative example 2 was wet ball-milled using ethanol as a milling liquid, and experimental examples were wet ball-milled using ethanol and poly-a-olefin as a milling liquid. The other conditions of the example 2 and the comparative examples 1-2 are the same, and the performance test results of the traction motor rotor surface cladding layer are shown in the table 2:
table 2 results of performance test of the clad layers formed on the surfaces of the traction motor rotors in example 2 and comparative examples 1 to 2
As can be seen from table 2, the alloy powder obtained by wet ball milling using ethanol and poly-a-olefin as the grinding fluid can prevent the graphene from flying due to light weight during cold spraying because the graphene is fully mixed and wrapped on the alloy powder, thereby affecting the final ratio of the alloy powder to the graphene.
Experimental example 5
The embodiment is used for researching the influence of different surface coating treatment modes on the cladding layer of the surface performance of the traction motor rotor.
The study is carried out by taking example 2 as an experimental example, setting comparative examples 1-3, wherein the rest preparation process steps of example 2 and comparative examples 1-3 are the same, the difference is shown in table 3, and the performance test results of the surface cladding layer of the traction motor rotor after different surface coating treatments are shown in table 4:
table 3 different surface coating treatment modes of example 2 and comparative examples 1 to 3
| Alloy powder laying mode | Whether or not to supply current | Cooling method | |
| Example 2 | Cold spray coating machine | Is that | -15 ℃ low temperature air purge |
| Comparative example 1 | CO2Laser cladding powder feeder | Is that | -15 ℃ low temperature air purge |
| Comparative example 2 | Cold spray coating machine | Whether or not | -15 ℃ low temperature air purge |
| Comparative example 3 | Cold spray coating machine | Is that | Natural cooling |
Table 4 test results of properties of traction motor rotor surface cladding layer after different surface coating treatments of example 2 and comparative examples 1 to 3
As can be seen from Table 4, in comparison with example 2, comparative example 1 uses CO in comparison with the alloy powder prepared by the cold spray coater2Alloy powder is preset in the laser cladding powder feeder, the bonding strength of a cladding layer and a rotor substrate is higher, and the texture of the cladding layer formed on the surface of an uneven rotor is more uniform.
Compared with the example 2, the performances of the comparative example 2 are remarkably reduced, because holes are formed by electron migration in the alloy material without current assistance, five metal elements and graphene are difficult to mix to form a five-carbon compound by laser melting alone, and therefore the hardness and the bonding strength of a cladding layer formed on the surface of the rotor are remarkably reduced.
Compared with the example 2, the appearance structure of the cladding layer after low-temperature rapid cooling is more uniform and compact than that of the cladding layer after natural cooling.
Claims (6)
1. A traction motor rotor surface strengthening anti-corrosion treatment process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) surface pretreatment: firstly, degreasing and derusting the surface of a traction motor rotor by adopting an acid pickling passivation solution, and drying after rinsing with clear water to obtain the traction motor rotor with a pretreated surface;
(2) preparing alloy powder: the weight percentages are as follows: weighing raw materials of 19-20% of Ti, 19-20% of Zr, 19-20% of V, 19-20% of Mo and the balance of Cr, smelting the raw materials into alloy melt by vacuum induction, preparing the alloy melt into powder by gas atomization to obtain alloy powder,
(3) preparing coating material powder: sieving and selecting alloy powder with the particle size of 20-40 um, wherein the alloy powder and graphene are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 5-20, adding the mixture into a ball mill, and carrying out ball milling treatment for 20-40h to obtain coating material powder;
(4) surface coating treatment: loading the coating material into a cold spraying machine, uniformly spraying a layer of coating material on the surface of the traction motor rotor pretreated in the step (1) by adopting a cold spraying method to serve as a reinforced matrix, cladding the reinforced matrix by adopting a laser machine under the condition that the traction motor rotor is connected with 1500-2100A current, blowing the surface of the traction motor rotor by adopting low-temperature air at the temperature of-20 ℃ to-10 ℃ at the speed of 10-15m/s, and forming a cladding layer which is formed by metal carbide and has the function of strengthening corrosion resistance on the surface of the traction motor rotor after cooling;
the specific method for preparing the coating material powder in the step (3) comprises the following steps:
(31) sieving and selecting alloy powder with the particle size of 20-40 um, wherein the alloy powder and graphene are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 5-20, adding into a ball mill;
(32) mixing poly-alpha-olefin and 20-50% ethanol solution according to the volume ratio of 1:60-90, and ultrasonically emulsifying at 26-30kHz frequency for 30min to obtain grinding fluid;
(33) adding the grinding liquid into a ball mill for 3-5 times, wherein the total mass of the grinding liquid accounts for 20% -30% of the total mass of the alloy powder and the graphene mixture, the ball-material ratio is 10:1, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 300rpm, and the ball milling time is 20-40 h;
(34) and taking out the product after ball milling is finished, and drying in vacuum to obtain the alloy powder coated with the graphene on the surface, wherein the alloy powder can be used as cold spraying coating material powder.
2. The traction motor rotor surface strengthening anticorrosion treatment process as claimed in claim 1, wherein Ti is a TA1 pure titanium plate with a purity of 99.96%, Zr is a high-purity zirconium block with a purity of 99.99%, V is high-purity vanadium particles with a purity of 99.95%, Mo is a molybdenum block with a purity of 99.99%, and Cr is a chromium plate with a purity of 99.95%.
3. The traction motor rotor surface strengthening anticorrosion treatment process as recited in claim 1, wherein the vacuum induction melting process in the step (2) comprises the steps of: firstly, adding raw materials of Ti, Zr, V, Mo and Cr into a calcium oxide ceramic crucible in a vacuum smelting furnace, heating to 700-800 ℃, and preserving heat for 5-10 min; step two, gradually heating to 2750-2800 ℃ at the speed of 20-30 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 20-25min to completely melt the raw materials; and step three, gradually cooling to 2500-2600 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 15-20min to obtain alloy molten slurry.
4. The traction motor rotor surface strengthening anticorrosion treatment process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cold spraying process in the step (4) comprises the following steps: the preparation coating material powder is loaded into cold spraying equipment, the preparation coating material powder cold sprayed in the spraying process impacts the surface of the traction motor rotor at the speed of 1500-: the gas pressure is 1.5-1.7MPa, the gas heating temperature is 150-.
5. The traction motor rotor surface strengthening anticorrosion treatment process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the current in the step (4) is pulse current with a pulse frequency of 1000-.
6. The traction motor rotor surface strengthening anticorrosion treatment process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific parameters of the laser machine for cladding the strengthened matrix in the step (4) are as follows: the cladding laser power is 4500-.
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