CN115740519A - Oil mist lubrication's high-speed ball electricity main shaft - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an oil mist lubrication high-speed ball electric spindle which comprises a machine body assembly, a stator assembly, a rotor assembly, an upper bearing assembly, a lower bearing assembly, an aluminum water jacket assembly, an air cylinder assembly, a dustproof mechanism and a broach mechanism, wherein the upper bearing assembly is fixedly connected to an opening at the upper part of the machine body assembly, the stator assembly is arranged at the lower part of the upper bearing assembly, the lower bearing assembly is arranged in a lower cavity of the machine body assembly, an end cover and the dustproof mechanism are arranged at the lower part of the lower bearing assembly, the aluminum water jacket assembly is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the upper bearing assembly, an ejector rod for automatically changing a tool is arranged in an inner cavity of the aluminum water jacket assembly, the air cylinder assembly is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the aluminum water jacket assembly, the rotor assembly is arranged below the ejector rod, and the rotor assembly penetrates through middle through holes of the aluminum water jacket assembly, the upper bearing assembly, the stator assembly, the lower bearing assembly and the dustproof mechanism. The invention has the advantages of strong stability, low failure rate, long service life and high safety.

Description

Oil mist lubrication high-speed ball electric spindle

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to an oil mist lubrication high-speed ball electric spindle.

Background

At present, in the field of numerical control machines, a high-speed ball electric spindle is a new high-end product, integrates a machine tool spindle and a spindle motor into a whole, and can be used for carrying out a series of operations such as milling, cutting and grinding on workpieces. In the actual development process, due to design errors, material defects, machining and assembling errors and the like, the rotor generates a certain centrifugal force when the main shaft works. When the ball bearing rotates at a high speed, the roller also generates a large centrifugal force, a gyro moment and thermal expansion. The two forces are accumulated and superposed and transmitted to a mechanical system through a bearing, which can cause the vibration of the whole main shaft, generate noise, accelerate mechanical wear, reduce the use precision and the service life, and therefore, the lubrication mode of the ball bearing is very important. In the prior art, the ball bearing generally fills lubricating grease to ensure that the shaft core of the electric spindle rotates at a high speed, the lubricating manner has high requirements on the performance of the lubricating grease, and the lubricating grease is easy to dry after being used for a long time, so that the lubricating effect is influenced. In addition, the electric main shaft of the traditional lubricating grease bearing is limited by a lubricating mode, the limit rotating speed of the main shaft is not high, and the processing conditions are limited. Meanwhile, in actual use, the machining environment of the spindle is severe under the influence of factors such as dust, powder and cooling liquid. If the interior of the main shaft is not reasonably protected, the due service performance and service life of the main shaft can be gradually damaged. Most main shafts in the market at present adopt a contact type sealing mode, the sealing effect is poor, and partial cooling liquid and partial sewage can still enter the electric main shaft along the gap. Meanwhile, the contact type sealing is very dependent on the sealing rubber ring, and when the main shaft rotates at a high speed, the sealing rubber ring is seriously abraded, so that the service life of the sealing rubber ring is short.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an oil mist lubrication high-speed ball electric spindle, which is used for overcoming the defects of the prior art.

The embodiment of the invention provides an oil mist lubrication high-speed ball electric spindle which comprises a machine body assembly, a stator assembly, a rotor assembly, an upper bearing assembly, a lower bearing assembly, an aluminum water jacket assembly, an air cylinder assembly, a dustproof mechanism and a broach mechanism, wherein the upper bearing assembly is fixedly connected to an opening at the upper part of the machine body assembly, the stator assembly is arranged at the lower part of the upper bearing assembly, the lower bearing assembly is arranged in a lower cavity of the machine body assembly, an end cover and the dustproof mechanism are arranged at the lower part of the lower bearing assembly, the aluminum water jacket assembly is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the upper bearing assembly, an ejector rod for automatic tool changing is arranged in an inner cavity of the aluminum water jacket assembly, the air cylinder assembly is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the aluminum water jacket assembly, a rotor assembly is arranged below the ejector rod, and the rotor assembly penetrates through middle through holes of the aluminum water jacket assembly, the upper bearing assembly, the stator assembly, the lower bearing assembly and the dustproof mechanism.

In some embodiments, the body assembly comprises a body and a front water channel cover, a first mounting cavity for mounting the upper bearing assembly, a second mounting cavity for mounting the rotor assembly and the stator assembly and a third mounting cavity for mounting the lower bearing assembly are sequentially arranged in the body from top to bottom, the body is provided with a cooling mechanism, the cooling mechanism comprises a water inlet, a water outlet and a cooling flow channel, the cooling flow channel comprises a plurality of cooling water channel holes and a kidney-shaped water channel, the cooling water channel holes independently exist and are distributed in a ring shape, and the cooling water channel holes are communicated with one another through the water channel slots to form a circulating cooling system.

In some embodiments, the rotor assembly comprises a shaft core, a pull rod and a disc spring assembly, the shaft core is mounted inside the body and is driven by the three-phase asynchronous motor to rotate around a central shaft of the main shaft, an axial through hole is formed inside the shaft core, the pull rod and the disc spring assembly are respectively arranged in the axial through hole of the shaft core, and the broach mechanism is detachably mounted on the pull rod and rotates synchronously with the pull rod.

In some embodiments, the shaft core comprises a shaft core main body and a cast aluminum magnetic part, bearing locking threads are arranged on the upper and lower parts of the outer wall of the shaft core main body, a rotating shaft section is arranged in the middle of the shaft core main body, the cast aluminum magnetic part is arranged on the rotating shaft section in an interference manner, and a shaft shoulder sleeve for supporting a bearing is arranged at the upper end of the rotating shaft section; the disc spring assembly is composed of a plurality of disc springs, the disc spring assembly is sleeved on the pull rod in series and limited between a first step at the rear end part of the pull rod and the inner end face of the shaft core, the middle part of the disc spring assembly is provided with an adjusting pad, the bottom of the disc spring assembly is provided with a backing ring, and the backing ring supports the disc spring assembly by means of the step on the inner wall of the shaft core.

In some embodiments, the front end part of the shaft core is provided with a tapered hole and an adjusting front nut, the adjusting front nut extends out of the outer side end of the machine body assembly and limits the lower bearing assembly in the third mounting cavity of the body, the rear end of the shaft core is provided with an adjusting rear nut and a gear disc, the adjusting rear nut limits the rear bearing assembly in the inner cavity of the rear bearing seat, and the rear bearing assembly simultaneously bears against the gear disc and is fastened by a screw; the gear plate and the end face of the adjusting rear nut are provided with a plurality of threaded holes which are uniformly distributed, and the threaded holes can be used for mounting screws for adjusting the dynamic balance of the main shaft.

In some embodiments, the broach mechanism comprises a sliding sleeve, a claw piece, a sliding core, a jackscrew and a tool bit rear seat, wherein the sliding sleeve and the claw piece are mutually clamped, the claw piece is a conical claw and is evenly distributed into a plurality of petals, the sliding core is arranged in the sliding sleeve and the claw piece, and the tool bit rear seat is embedded in the sliding sleeve; the sliding core and the pull rod are fixed at the contact position, the radial contact positions of the sliding core and the claw piece are conical surfaces, the radial contact positions of the claw piece outer cone and the shaft core inner groove are conical surfaces, the inner wall of the sliding core is fixed with the outer wall of the head of the pull rod through threads, and the periphery of the outer wall of the sliding core is provided with symmetrical flat dismounting positions; the sliding core is internally provided with a jackscrew which is propped against the front end face of the pull rod, and the outer wall of the jackscrew of the pull rod is connected with the inner wall of the sliding core through threads.

In some embodiments, the upper bearing assembly comprises a bearing seat, a bottom plate, an upper bearing spacer, a cover plate, pre-tightening springs, a bearing backing ring and a plurality of upper bearings which are mutually overlapped in an inner cavity of the bearing seat, the bottom in the bearing seat is provided with a plurality of pre-tightening springs which are distributed in an axial annular array and are abutted against the lower end face of the bearing backing ring to be in a pre-tightening state, the upper bearing can be axially and dynamically pre-tightened through the pre-tightening springs, the outer wall of the bearing seat is provided with a lubricating oil recovery hole which is axially communicated, the near end of the bearing seat is provided with a lubricating oil air inlet hole and an air outlet hole which are radially communicated, and the outer annular wall of the upper surface of the bearing seat is provided with an upper bearing lubricating oil air inlet hole and a lower bearing lubricating oil air inlet hole; the lower bearing assembly consists of a plurality of lower bearings and lower bearing spacer bushes, and the lower bearings and the lower bearing spacer bushes are mutually overlapped and vertically arranged in the machine body assembly; the bearing spacer bushes in the upper bearing assembly and the lower bearing assembly are respectively provided with an oil mist lubrication air inlet channel and an air injection channel, and the air injection channels are distributed in an annular array.

In some embodiments, the position sensor assembly further comprises a plurality of proximity switches and a base, the proximity switches are fixed on the preset position of the base and distributed in a step shape along the axial displacement direction of the pull rod, the sensing ends of the proximity switches radially face the rear end of the pull rod, a pull rod nut is arranged at the rear end of the pull rod, and the proximity switches respectively sense different positions of the nut flange plate along with the axial displacement of the pull rod and output different electric signals.

In some embodiments, the dustproof mechanism comprises a dustproof cap and an insert, the dustproof cap is provided with a concave mounting cavity which just accommodates the insert, the insert is fixedly arranged in the concave mounting cavity, one side of the insert, which is matched with the mounting cavity, is provided with an annular confluence groove, the other side of the insert is provided with a plurality of distribution grooves which radially extend and are uniformly distributed along the inner wall of the distribution groove, the distribution grooves all extend to the annular confluence groove and are communicated with the annular confluence groove, and the confluence groove is communicated with an axial air inlet hole and a radial air passing hole of the dustproof cap.

In some embodiments, the aluminum water jacket assembly comprises an aluminum water jacket and a photoelectric assembly, the photoelectric assembly comprises an encoder and a position sensor, a convex part of the aluminum water jacket is embedded into a groove at the top of the bearing seat, an inner cavity of the aluminum water jacket is provided with a through inner cavity seat matched with the ejector rod body and a containing groove, the containing groove is communicated with the bearing seat, and the photoelectric assembly is arranged on the bearing seat cover plate through an axial set screw and is positioned in the aluminum water jacket containing groove; the upper end of the aluminum water jacket is also provided with a concave cavity, a return spring is arranged in the concave cavity, one end of the return spring is propped against the inner end face of the aluminum water jacket, and the other end of the return spring is propped against the lower part of the air cylinder component.

Compared with the related art, the oil mist lubrication high-speed ball electric spindle provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. when the spindle works, the input frequency is adjusted by using the variable frequency power supply, the working revolution can be improved by 150% at most compared with that of the traditional spindle through the bearing in an oil mist lubrication mode, the machining linear speed is correspondingly improved, more products can be machined at the same time, the cost is saved for a client, and the productivity is improved. And meanwhile, the main shaft is stably started, and the requirements of high rotating speed, high precision and large torque machining in the market are met.

2. The mechanism that a double-angle contact bearing supports a force shaft is arranged up and down, a round wire spring and a backing ring are arranged at the bottom of a bearing seat, the pretightening force of the bearing is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the combination of the spring and the backing ring, the rigidity of the pretightening spring is generally much smaller than that of the bearing, so that the relative position of the bearing subjected to constant pressure pretightening can be changed in use, but the pretightening amount is approximately unchanged. The round wire spring can absorb the magnitude of interference increased by the bearing preload, eliminate the clearance in the middle of the bearing and keep the bearing preload unchanged, thereby preventing the revolution slip, the autorotation slip and the gyro slip of a bearing ball, reducing the centrifugal force and the gyro moment, realizing balanced bearing preload and stable axial stress and prolonging the service life of the bearing.

3. Compared with the prior art, the oil mist lubrication device is provided with the channel for conveying oil mist lubrication media to the upper bearing and the lower bearing, compressed air is used as power, oil is atomized and mixed into air flow through the oil atomizer, the oil mist lubrication media are continuously conveyed into the upper bearing and the lower bearing, the oil mist lubrication device has dual functions of lubrication and cooling, when the electric spindle rotates at a high speed, the oil mist can form a fluid dynamic lubrication oil film in a bearing channel, and stable work of the high-speed electric spindle is facilitated; meanwhile, the bearing is lubricated by the oil-gas mixture, and dust and sundries can be prevented from remaining in the bearing. In addition, compressed air can be introduced into the labyrinth structure between the lower bearing assembly and the dustproof cap to keep positive pressure during working, so that outside dust and cutting chips are prevented from entering the machine body, and the failure rate of the spindle during working is greatly reduced.

4. A temperature sensor and an encoder are arranged in the motorized spindle, so that the working state of the spindle can be fed back and monitored in time; the electric spindle is internally controlled by broach and unclamp signals, so that automatic tool changing can be realized, the running state of the tool can be monitored in real time, the position of the tool is accurate, and the safe running of the electric spindle is ensured.

5. The main body, the bearing seat, the motor and the like are subjected to circulating forced cooling by adopting a circulating cooling system, so that the heat loss of the motor and most heat generated by high-speed rotation of the bearing are quickly and effectively taken away, and the main shaft is ensured to stably and reliably work for a long time.

6. The invention adopts the HSK broach mechanism, and the two sides of the short conical surface and the flange end surface are positioned by 1.

The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below to provide a more thorough understanding of the invention.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a sectional view showing the overall internal structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the oil mist lubrication inlet and outlet internal structure of the upper bearing assembly of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the oil mist lubrication inlet and outlet internal structure of the lower bearing assembly of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a structural sectional view of the cylinder assembly of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic axial view of the cylinder assembly of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view showing the internal structure of the aluminum water jacket assembly according to the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic axial view of the cooling mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic axial view of the dust-proof mechanism of the present invention.

In the figure, 1, a machine body component; 2. a stator assembly; 3. a rotor assembly; 4. an upper bearing assembly; 5. a lower bearing assembly; 6. an aluminum water jacket assembly; 7. a cylinder assembly; 8. a dust-proof mechanism; 9. a broaching mechanism; 10. an end cap; 11. a top rod; 12. a body; 13. a front waterway cover; 14. a first mounting cavity; 15. a second mounting cavity; 16. a third mounting cavity; 17. a water inlet; 18. a water outlet; 19. a cooling flow channel; 20. a first O-ring seal; 21. an iron core base body; 22. an insulating plate; 23. double-layer concentric windings; 24. a shaft core; 25. a pull rod; 26. a disc spring assembly; 27. casting an aluminum magnetic part; 28. a shaft shoulder sleeve; 29. a conditioning pad; 30. a backing ring; 31. a sliding sleeve; 32. a claw sheet; 33. a sliding core; 34. carrying out top thread; 35. a tool bit rear seat; 36. fastening screws; 37. a bearing seat; 38. a base plate; 39. an upper bearing spacer; 40. a cover plate; 41. pre-tightening the spring; 42. a bearing backing ring; 43. an upper bearing; 44. a lower bearing; 45. a lower bearing spacer bush; 46. an aluminum water jacket; 47. an optoelectronic component; 48. an encoder; 49. a position sensor; 50. a groove; 51. an inner cavity seat; 52. accommodating a tank; 53. a second sealing O-ring; 54. a concave cavity; 55. a return spring; 56. a proximity switch; 57. a base; 58. a draw rod nut; 59. an encoder readhead; 60. a gear plate; 61. adjusting the rear nut; 62. a tapered hole; 63. a front nut of the shaft core; 64. a dust cap; 65. an insert; 66. a concave mounting cavity; 67. a confluence groove; 68. a shunt slot; 69. a cylinder rear cover; 70. a cylinder block; 71. a piston; 72. a third O-shaped sealing ring; 73. a fourth O-shaped sealing ring; 74. a fifth O-shaped sealing ring; 75. a coolant interface; 76. a central dust blowing air pressure interface; 77. a front end air curtain air pressure interface; 78. the cylinder resets the air pressure interface; 79. a sensor interface; 80. an encoder interface; 81. an upper bearing air inlet; 82. an upper bearing return air port; 83. a lower bearing air inlet; 84. a lower bearing return air port; 85. a cutter unloading air pressure interface; 86. and a coil main line interface.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described and illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments provided by the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Moreover, it should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another.

Reference in the specification to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the described embodiments of the present invention can be combined with other embodiments without conflict.

Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The use of the terms "a" and "an" and "the" and similar referents in the context of describing the invention are not to be construed as limiting in number, and may be construed to cover both the singular and the plural. The present invention relates to the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having" and any variations thereof, which are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions; for example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or modules (elements) is not limited to only those steps or elements but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. The terms "connected," "coupled," and the like in the description of the invention are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The term "plurality" as used herein means two or more. "and/or" describes the association relationship of the associated object, indicating that there may be three relationships, for example, "a and/or B" may indicate: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The terms "first," "second," "third," and the like in reference to the present invention are used merely to distinguish between similar objects and not necessarily to represent a particular ordering for the objects.

As shown in fig. 1-8, the novel oil mist lubrication high-speed ball electric spindle provided by the invention comprises a machine body assembly 1, a stator assembly 2, a rotor assembly 3, an upper bearing assembly 4, a lower bearing assembly 5, an aluminum water jacket assembly 6, an air cylinder assembly 7, a dustproof mechanism 8 and a broach mechanism 9, wherein the upper bearing assembly 4 is fixedly connected to an opening at the upper part of the machine body assembly 1, the stator assembly 2 is arranged at the lower part of the upper bearing assembly 4, the lower bearing assembly 5 is arranged in a lower cavity of the machine body assembly 1, an end cover 10 and the dustproof mechanism 8 are arranged at the lower part of the lower bearing assembly 5, the aluminum water jacket assembly 6 is fixed at the upper part of the upper bearing assembly 4, an ejector rod 11 for automatic tool changing is arranged in an inner cavity of the aluminum water jacket assembly 6, and the air cylinder assembly 7 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the aluminum water jacket assembly. A rotor assembly 3 is arranged below the top rod 11, and the rotor assembly 3 penetrates through the middle through holes of the aluminum water jacket assembly 6, the upper bearing assembly 4, the stator assembly 2, the lower bearing assembly 5 and the dustproof mechanism 8.

Organism subassembly 1 includes body 12 and preceding water route lid 13, body 12 is inside from last to being equipped with in proper order down and being used for installing the first installation cavity 14 of upper bearing subassembly 4, be used for installing rotor subassembly 3 and stator module 2's second installation cavity 15 and be used for installing in the third installation cavity 16 of bearing subassembly 5 down, body 12 is provided with cooling body, cooling body is by water inlet 17, delivery port 18 and cooling runner 19 are constituteed, cooling runner 19 includes a plurality of water route holes and waist type water route groove, cooling water route hole independent existence and annular distribution, cooling water route hole is interconnected mutually through water route groove and is constituteed circulative cooling system. The cross sections of the water channel holes and the waist-shaped water channel grooves are precisely calculated, so that the best cooling effect is ensured. The sealed water route that circulates of cooling body front end is realized through being equipped with preceding water route lid 13, and body 12 and 13 interference fit of preceding water route lid link together through laser welding, and body 12 still is equipped with first O type sealing washer 20 with 13 cooperation departments of preceding water route lid, ensures that the main shaft during operation, and the coolant liquid can not spill over. The sealed water route that circulates of body 12 rear end is realized through being equipped with the water route gasket, all is equipped with the water route gasket in the waist type water route groove of body 12 rear end, and the water route gasket is fixed through evenly scribbling AB glue. The wall of the body 12 is provided with a lower bearing lubricating oil inlet hole communicated with the end face of the body and an oil outlet hole.

Stator module 2 locates in the second installation cavity 15 of body 12 to fix a position through the locating hole and the external base rice screw of body shell axle body, restrict its axial and radial activity space. The stator assembly 2 is composed of a cylindrical iron core base 21, insulation plates 22 respectively arranged at two ends of the iron core base, and double-layer concentric windings 23 connected to two ends of the insulation plates. The iron core matrix 21 is formed by laminating a plurality of silicon steel sheets with equal thickness, slot wedges distributed in an annular array are arranged in an inner cavity of the iron core matrix, a winding is formed by winding a plurality of enamelled wires with equal diameters, and a thermistor capable of sensing temperature is embedded in a winding part of the stator.

Rotor subassembly 3 includes axle core 24, pull rod 25, dish spring subassembly 26 and broach mechanism 9, axle core 24 is installed inside the main shaft and is rotatory around the main shaft center pin through the drive of three-phase asynchronous machine, axle core 24 is including axle core main part and cast aluminium magnetic force piece 27, the axis body outer wall is upper and lower all is equipped with bearing locking screw thread, the middle part is provided with the pivot section, cast aluminium magnetic force piece 27 interference is installed on the pivot section, pivot section upper end is provided with the shaft shoulder cover 28 that is used for supporting the bearing, the inside axial through-hole that is equipped with of axle core, pull rod 25 and dish spring subassembly 26 set up respectively in axle core 24 axial through-hole, dish spring subassembly 26 comprises a plurality of dish spring to become the cluster and locate on pull rod 25 and be injectd between the first step of pull rod rear end portion and the axle core inner end surface, dish spring subassembly 26 middle part is equipped with adjusting pad 29, the bottom is equipped with backing ring 30, backing ring 30 relies on the axle core inner wall step to support dish spring subassembly 26, broach mechanism 9 detachably installs on pull rod 25, and along with the synchronous revolution of pull rod.

The broach mechanism 9 includes a sliding sleeve 31, a claw piece 32, a sliding core 33, a jackscrew 34 and a tool bit rear seat 35, the sliding sleeve 31 and the claw piece 32 are mutually clamped, the claw piece 32 is a conical claw and is evenly distributed in six petals, the sliding core 33 is arranged in the sliding sleeve 31 and the claw piece 32, and the tool bit rear seat 35 is embedded in the sliding sleeve 31. The sliding core 33 is fixed with the pull rod 25 at the contact position, the radial contact position of the sliding core 33 and the claw piece 32 is a conical surface, the radial contact position of the outer cone of the claw piece 32 and the inner groove of the shaft core is a conical surface, the inner wall of the sliding core 33 is fixed with the outer wall of the head of the pull rod 25 through threads, and the periphery of the outer wall of the sliding core 33 is provided with symmetrical disassembly flat positions. The sliding core 33 is internally provided with a jackscrew 34 which is propped against the front end face of the pull rod 25, and the outer wall of the jackscrew of the pull rod is connected with the inner wall of the sliding core through threads.

The upper bearing assembly 4 comprises a bearing seat 37, a bottom plate 38, an upper bearing spacer 39, a cover plate 40, a pre-tightening spring 41, a bearing backing ring 42 and a plurality of upper bearings 43 which are mutually overlapped in the inner cavity of the bearing seat. The bearing seat 37 and the bottom plate 38 are fixed by screws, and the combined structure is used, so that the processing is easy, the assembly and disassembly are convenient, and the axial stability is easy to adjust. The bottom in the bearing seat 37 is provided with a plurality of pre-tightening springs 41 distributed in an axial annular array, and the pre-tightening springs are abutted against the lower end face of the bearing backing ring 42 and are in a pre-tightening state, and at the moment, the upper bearing 43 can be axially and dynamically pre-tightened through the pre-tightening springs 41. The outer wall of the bearing seat 37 is provided with an axially through lubricating oil recovery hole, the near end of the bearing seat 37 is provided with a radially through lubricating oil air inlet hole and an air outlet hole, and the outer annular wall of the upper surface of the bearing seat 37 is provided with an upper bearing lubricating oil air inlet hole and a lower bearing lubricating oil air inlet hole. The lower bearing assembly 5 is composed of a plurality of lower bearings 44 and lower bearing spacers 45, and are vertically installed in the third installation cavity 16 of the body 12 in a mutually overlapped manner. The bearing spacer bushes in the upper bearing assembly and the lower bearing assembly are provided with oil mist lubrication air inlet channels and air injection channels, and the air injection channels are distributed in an annular array.

The aluminum water jacket assembly 6 comprises an aluminum water jacket 46 and a photoelectric assembly 47, the photoelectric assembly 47 comprises an encoder 48 and a position sensor 49, a convex part of the aluminum water jacket is embedded into a groove at the top of the bearing seat, an inner cavity of the aluminum water jacket is provided with an inner cavity seat 51 and a holding groove 52 which are communicated with each other and are matched with the rod body of the ejector rod 11, two ends of the inner cavity seat are provided with second sealing O-shaped rings 53, the holding groove is communicated with the bearing seat, and the photoelectric assembly 47 is installed on the bearing seat cover plate 40 through an axial set screw and is positioned in the aluminum water jacket holding groove. The upper end of the aluminum water jacket 46 is also provided with a concave cavity 54, a return spring 55 is arranged in the concave cavity 54, one end of the return spring 55 is propped against the inner end surface of the aluminum water jacket 46, and the other end of the return spring is propped against the lower part of the cylinder assembly 7.

The position sensor assembly includes a number of proximity switches 56 and a base 57. The base 57 is made of aluminum alloy, and the surface of the base is covered with an oxidation film layer with relative thickness through a hard anodic oxidation process, so that the insulation can be effectively realized, and the interference of the output signal of the proximity switch 56 can be avoided. Proximity switch 56 passes through the base meter screw fixation and presets the position at the base to be the distribution of ladder shape along pull rod axial displacement direction, proximity switch 56's inductive end radial towards the rear end of pull rod 25, pull rod 25 rear end are equipped with a pull rod nut 58, and a plurality of proximity switch 56 respond to the different positions of nut ring flange along with pull rod 25 axial displacement respectively and output different signals of telecommunication.

The encoder 48 comprises an encoder reading head 59 and a gear disc 60, the gear disc 60 is mounted on the end face of a shaft core adjusting rear nut 61 through a fastening screw 36, and a small clearance fit is formed between an inner hole of the gear disc 60 and a guide shaft section of the shaft core.

The front end part of the shaft core 24 is provided with a taper hole 62 and an adjusting front nut 63, the adjusting front nut 63 extends out of the outer side end of the machine body component 1 and limits the lower bearing component in the third mounting cavity 16 of the body, the rear end of the shaft core 24 is provided with an adjusting rear nut 61 and a gear disc, the adjusting rear nut 61 limits the rear bearing component in the inner cavity of the rear bearing seat, and simultaneously bears against the gear disc 60 and fastens the rear bearing component through a screw. The gear plate 60 and the end face of the adjusting rear nut 61 are provided with a plurality of threaded holes which are uniformly distributed, and the threaded holes can be used for mounting screws for adjusting the dynamic balance of the main shaft.

The dustproof mechanism 8 comprises a dustproof cap 64 and an insert 65, the dustproof cap 64 is provided with a concave mounting cavity 66 which just accommodates the insert, and the insert 65 is arranged in the mounting cavity in an interference fit manner and is welded by laser to increase the stability of the insert. One side of the insert 65 matched with the mounting cavity is provided with an annular confluence groove 67, the other side of the insert is provided with a plurality of diversion grooves 68 which radially extend and are uniformly distributed along the inner wall of the insert, the diversion grooves 68 all extend to the annular confluence groove 67 to be communicated with the annular confluence groove, and the confluence groove 67 is communicated with an axial air inlet and a radial air passing hole of the dust cap 64.

The air cylinder assembly 7 comprises an air cylinder rear cover 69, an air cylinder body 70, a piston 71 and a return spring 55, wherein a first-stage piston is arranged at the upper part of an inner cavity of the air cylinder rear cover 69, a second-stage piston and a third-stage piston are arranged in inner cavities of all stages of air cylinder bodies at the lower end of the first-stage piston step by step, third O-shaped sealing rings 72 are arranged at contact positions between the first-stage, second-stage and third-stage pistons and all stages of air cylinder bodies, accommodating cavities which are just used for accommodating convex parts of all stages of pistons to pass through are formed in inner walls of all stages of air cylinder bodies, fourth O-shaped sealing rings 73 are arranged at contact positions between all stages of air cylinder bodies and the convex parts of the pistons, fifth O-shaped sealing rings 74 are arranged on air inlet holes, air outlet holes, water inlet holes and water outlet holes of the body 12 of the air cylinder assembly 7, the aluminum water jacket 46, the bearing seat 37 and all stages of the air cylinder pistons, and mounting holes which are positioned on the same axis are arranged on the air cylinder assembly 7 and are connected with the ejector rod 11 through fastening screws 36.

The top end of the cylinder rear cover 69 is provided with a cooling liquid interface 75 for cooling, a central dust blowing air pressure interface 76, a front end air curtain air pressure interface 77, a cylinder resetting air pressure interface 78, a sensor interface 79, an encoder interface 80, an oil mist lubrication upper bearing air inlet 81, an upper bearing air return port 82, a lower bearing air inlet 83, a lower bearing air return port 84, a cutter unloading air pressure interface 85 and a coil main line interface 86.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: when the spindle motor stator is connected with a three-phase variable frequency power supply, the shaft core assembly rotates along with the spindle motor stator due to the electromagnetic induction principle, and the rotating speed can be changed along with the change of frequency, and the highest rotating speed can reach 40000Rpm.

When the tool changing device changes tools, compressed air is introduced from a central air inlet hole of a rear cover of the air cylinder, the compressed air sequentially enters each cavity through the air grooves to form air pressure and generate multilayer power, each stage of piston in each cavity sequentially pushes the ejector rod, the pull rod and the sliding core connected to the pull rod to move downwards, meanwhile, the disc spring assembly is compressed to start to be compressed, each claw of the pull claw is uniformly expanded outwards in a conical shape, certain deformation rigidity and strength are kept until the pull claw is separated from the limit of the inner wall of the shaft core to be freely expanded, and at the moment, the tool handle can be detached. After a new knife handle is replaced, the knife-changing air source is closed, the return air source is opened, and the air cylinder mechanism is forced to return by the acting force of the external air source and the resilience force of the return spring. After the pull rod loses the effect of external thrust, the reaction force that the pull rod produced by dish spring subassembly pressurized up-moved because pass through threaded fixation between slip core and the pull rod, also upward movement along with it, the contact surface between slip core and the pulling claw is the conical surface, and the contact surface between pulling claw outer wall and the axle core inner groove is also the conical surface simultaneously, and the pulling claw produces radial climbing motion, finally makes the pulling claw lower part and handle of a knife inner groove contact and offset to taut handle of a knife.

When the tool changing device is used for changing tools, a central dust blowing air source is opened simultaneously, compressed air enters from the rear cover of the air cylinder, flows into the L-shaped air passing hole of the ejector rod through the rear cover of the air cylinder, the cylinder bodies at all levels and the aluminum water jacket, is sprayed to the tool shank through the pull rod dust blowing hole, and cleans the tool shank.

When the dustproof air curtain type spindle works, the front end dustproof air curtain air source is opened, compressed air meeting the requirements is communicated from the air inlet of the rear cover of the air cylinder, enters the labyrinth structure between the lower bearing assembly and the dustproof cap to keep positive pressure, and prevents sewage, cutting chips and the like outside the spindle from entering the spindle, so that the fault rate of the spindle during working is greatly reduced.

When the cooling device works, cooling liquid is introduced from the water inlet of the rear cover of the air cylinder, enters the body through the bearing seat, returns to the bearing seat after the body circulates, and flows out from the water outlet of the rear cover of the air cylinder to take away heat generated by friction when the motor works and the bearing runs at a high speed.

When the oil mist lubrication device works, oil mist mixed gas is introduced from the oil mist lubrication air inlet of the rear cover of the air cylinder, and flows into the front bearing and the rear bearing after being connected with the air inlet through the air inlet channels at all levels to lubricate the bearings, so that the lubrication effect is improved, and the heat generated by the high-speed rotation of the bearings is reduced.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various features of the above-described embodiments can be combined in any combination, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of features in the above-described embodiments are not described in detail, but rather, all combinations of features which are not inconsistent with each other should be construed as being within the scope of the present disclosure.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The oil mist lubrication high-speed ball electric spindle is characterized by comprising a machine body assembly, a stator assembly, a rotor assembly, an upper bearing assembly, a lower bearing assembly, an aluminum water jacket assembly, an air cylinder assembly, a dustproof mechanism and a broach mechanism, wherein the upper bearing assembly is fixedly connected to an opening at the upper part of the machine body assembly, the stator assembly is arranged at the lower part of the upper bearing assembly, the lower bearing assembly is arranged in a lower cavity of the machine body assembly, an end cover and the dustproof mechanism are arranged at the lower part of the lower bearing assembly, the aluminum water jacket assembly is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the upper bearing assembly, an ejector rod for automatically changing a tool is arranged in an inner cavity of the aluminum water jacket assembly, the air cylinder assembly is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the aluminum water jacket assembly, the rotor assembly is arranged below the ejector rod, and the rotor assembly penetrates through middle through holes of the aluminum water jacket assembly, the upper bearing assembly, the stator assembly, the lower bearing assembly and the dustproof mechanism.

2. The oil mist lubrication high-speed ball electric spindle according to claim 1, wherein the machine body assembly comprises a body and a front water channel cover, a first mounting cavity for mounting an upper bearing assembly, a second mounting cavity for mounting a rotor assembly and a stator assembly and a third mounting cavity for mounting a lower bearing assembly are sequentially arranged in the body from top to bottom, the body is provided with a cooling mechanism, the cooling mechanism is composed of a water inlet, a water outlet and a cooling flow channel, the cooling flow channel comprises a plurality of cooling water channel holes and kidney-shaped water channel grooves, the cooling water channel holes are independent and annularly distributed, and the cooling water channel holes are communicated with one another through the water channel grooves to form a circulating cooling system.

3. The oil mist lubricated high speed ball electric spindle of claim 2, wherein the rotor assembly comprises a core, a pull rod and a disc spring assembly, the core is mounted inside the body and driven by a three-phase asynchronous motor to rotate around a central axis of the spindle, an axial through hole is formed inside the core, the pull rod and the disc spring assembly are respectively arranged in the axial through hole of the core, and the broaching mechanism is detachably mounted on the pull rod and rotates synchronously with the pull rod.

4. The oil mist lubricated high speed ball electric spindle according to claim 3, wherein the spindle comprises a spindle body and a cast aluminum magnetic member, bearing locking threads are arranged on the upper and lower parts of the outer wall of the spindle body, a rotating shaft section is arranged in the middle of the spindle body, the cast aluminum magnetic member is arranged on the rotating shaft section in an interference fit manner, and a shaft shoulder sleeve for supporting a bearing is arranged at the upper end of the rotating shaft section; the disc spring assembly is composed of a plurality of disc springs, the disc springs are sleeved on the pull rod in series and limited between a first step at the rear end of the pull rod and the inner end face of the shaft core, the middle of the disc spring assembly is provided with an adjusting pad, the bottom of the disc spring assembly is provided with a backing ring, and the backing ring supports the disc spring assembly by means of the step on the inner wall of the shaft core.

5. An oil mist lubricated high speed ball electric spindle as claimed in claim 3, wherein the front end of said spindle core is provided with a tapered hole and a front adjusting nut, said front adjusting nut extends out of the outer end of said body assembly and limits said lower bearing assembly in the third mounting cavity of the body, said rear end of said spindle core is provided with a rear adjusting nut and a gear disc, said rear adjusting nut limits the rear bearing assembly in the inner cavity of the rear bearing seat while bearing against said gear disc and fastening it by screws; the gear disc and the end face of the adjusting rear nut are provided with a plurality of threaded holes which are uniformly distributed, and the threaded holes can be used for mounting screws for adjusting the dynamic balance of the main shaft.

6. The oil mist lubrication high-speed ball electric spindle according to claim 1, wherein the broaching mechanism comprises a sliding sleeve, a claw, a sliding core, a jackscrew and a tool bit rear seat, the sliding sleeve and the claw are clamped with each other, the claw is a conical claw and is evenly distributed into a plurality of petals, the sliding core is arranged in the sliding sleeve and the claw, and the tool bit rear seat is embedded in the sliding sleeve; the sliding core is fixed with the pull rod at a contact position, the sliding core and the claw piece radial contact position are conical surfaces, the claw piece outer cone and the shaft core inner groove radial contact position are conical surfaces, the inner wall of the sliding core is fixed with the outer wall of the head of the pull rod through threads, and symmetrical disassembly flat positions are arranged around the outer wall of the sliding core; the sliding core is internally provided with a jackscrew which is abutted against the front end face of the pull rod, and the outer wall of the jackscrew of the pull rod is connected with the inner wall of the sliding core through threads.

7. The oil mist lubrication high-speed ball electric spindle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper bearing assembly comprises a bearing seat, a bottom plate, an upper bearing spacer, a cover plate, pre-tightening springs, a bearing backing ring and a plurality of upper bearings which are mutually overlapped and arranged in an inner cavity of the bearing seat, the pre-tightening springs which are distributed in an axial annular array are arranged at the bottom in the bearing seat and abut against the lower end face of the bearing backing ring to be in a pre-pressing state, the upper bearing can be axially and dynamically pre-tightened through the pre-tightening springs, an axially through lubricating oil recovery hole is formed in the outer wall of the bearing seat, a radially through lubricating oil inlet hole and a radially through lubricating oil outlet hole are formed in the near end of the bearing seat, and an upper bearing lubricating oil inlet hole and a lower bearing lubricating oil inlet hole are formed in the outer annular wall of the upper surface of the bearing seat; the lower bearing assembly consists of a plurality of lower bearings and lower bearing spacers, and the lower bearings and the lower bearing spacers are mutually overlapped and vertically arranged in the machine body assembly; bearing spacer bushes in the upper bearing assembly and the lower bearing assembly are respectively provided with an oil mist lubrication air inlet channel and an air injection channel, and the air injection channels are distributed in an annular array.

8. The oilmist lubricated high speed ball motorized spindle of claim 3, further comprising a position sensor assembly, wherein the position sensor assembly comprises a plurality of proximity switches and a base, the proximity switches are fixed on the base at predetermined positions and distributed along the axial displacement direction of the pull rod in a step shape, the sensing ends of the proximity switches are radially oriented toward the rear end of the pull rod, the rear end of the pull rod is provided with a pull rod nut, and the proximity switches respectively sense different positions of the nut flange along with the axial displacement of the pull rod and output different electrical signals.

9. The oilmist lubricated high-speed ball motorized spindle of claim 1, wherein the dust-proof mechanism comprises a dust-proof cap and an insert, the dust-proof cap is provided with a concave mounting cavity for accommodating the insert, the insert is fixedly arranged in the concave mounting cavity, one side of the insert, which is matched with the mounting cavity, is provided with an annular confluence groove, the other side of the insert is provided with a plurality of branch grooves, which extend radially and are uniformly distributed along the inner wall of the insert, the branch grooves all extend to the annular confluence groove and are communicated with the annular confluence groove, and the confluence groove is communicated with an axial air inlet and a radial air passing hole of the dust-proof cap.

10. The oil mist lubricated high-speed ball motorized spindle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aluminum water jacket assembly comprises an aluminum water jacket and a photoelectric assembly, the photoelectric assembly comprises an encoder and a position sensor, the convex part of the aluminum water jacket is embedded in the groove at the top of the bearing seat, the inner cavity of the aluminum water jacket is provided with a through inner cavity seat adapted to the ejector rod body and a through accommodating groove, the accommodating groove is communicated with the bearing seat, and the photoelectric assembly is mounted on the bearing seat cover plate through an axial set screw and is located in the aluminum water jacket accommodating groove; the upper end of the aluminum water jacket is also provided with a concave cavity, a return spring is arranged in the concave cavity, one end of the return spring is propped against the inner end face of the aluminum water jacket, and the other end of the return spring is propped against the lower part of the air cylinder assembly.

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