CN117047146A

CN117047146A - High-speed motorized spindle applied to turning-milling composite five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool

Info

Publication number: CN117047146A
Application number: CN202210476997.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陶跃明; 陶新明
Original assignee: Qingyuan Tianyi Cnc Equipment Co ltd
Current assignee: Qingyuan Tianyi Cnc Equipment Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-05-04
Filing date: 2022-05-04
Publication date: 2023-11-14

Abstract

The high-speed electric spindle structure is mainly divided into three parts, namely a spindle rotating part, a spindle shell part and a cutter loosening oil cylinder part, and can be conveniently assembled to a turning and milling compound five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool or a five-axis linkage gantry numerical control machine tool, so that the technical requirements of the five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool on all functions of the high-speed spindle can be met, and a high-speed cutting technology can be applied to a turning and milling compound five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool or a five-axis linkage gantry machining center in a matched manner.

Description

High-speed motorized spindle applied to turning-milling composite five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of machine tool parts, in particular to a high-speed motorized spindle applied to a turning and milling compound five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool.

Background

Compared with a three-axis numerical control machine tool, the five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool has three linear axes XYZ, and can only process relatively simple workpieces in one direction, along with the high-speed development of China, more and more high-precision products are required, the high-precision products not only need to precisely process the surface quality, but also need to process complex polyhedral shapes or complex curved surfaces, and two rotating axes need to be additionally arranged at the moment to complete the shape processing of complex curved surfaces and polyhedrons. Five-axis linkage processing has the advantages that: the process that the triaxial numerical control machine tool needs to be clamped and processed for many times can be completed by one-time clamping, so that the clamp cost is saved, the geometric shape and position precision of processing is ensured, the auxiliary time of clamping is saved, and the processing efficiency is greatly improved; secondly, the cost of the cutter is saved, the effective cutting edge length of the cutter can be increased in the machining process of the five-axis linkage numerical control machine, the cutting force is reduced, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged; and thirdly, higher machining surface precision can be obtained, complex smooth transitional curved surface machining is realized, a ball end milling cutter is needed, when the three-axis numerical control machine tool is used for the ball end milling cutter, the central line of the main shaft is intersected with the ball end milling cutter, the point line speed of the tool nose is zero during machining, the machined surface is rough, and when the five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool is used for the ball end milling cutter, the central point of the ball end can be effectively avoided for cutting, so that good surface machining precision is obtained. The automatic production and manufacturing of the five-axis linkage and the combination of the high-speed cutting technology are urgent demands of the national key field on high-end equipment, the national key encourages innovation and development, the domestic manufacturers capable of producing the five-axis linkage numerical control machine are also vigorous in development, but most of key functional components still adopt import fittings, the five-axis linkage numerical control machine is of three types, one of the five-axis linkage numerical control machine is driven by a workbench, such as a cradle type workbench five-axis linkage machining center, and the workbench for clamping workpieces is smaller and only can process smaller workpieces; the second type is that the two rotary shafts are driven by a high-speed main shaft, the workbench is not limited, and can be large and can be used for processing large complex workpieces, such as a gantry five-axis linkage processing center; the third is a rotary shaft driving workpiece table, a rotary shaft driving high-speed main shaft, such as turning and milling compound five-axis linkage machining center, we study the high-speed main shaft of the third five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool, first, the high-speed main shaft of the five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool is arranged in a main shaft mounting hole, is driven to do swinging motion and can be converted from a main shaft to a vertical horizontal type, because of space constraint, the high-speed main shaft is required to be compact in structure, various functions are complete and can be assembled into a whole, the high-speed main shaft is a high-speed electric main shaft, and functions of all main shafts, high-speed rotation, signal feedback and broach loosening motion can be integrated; secondly, when the high-speed main shaft of the five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool is used for milling, a high-speed cutting technology is required to be applied, 1, the center of the tool handle can spray high-pressure cutting water, 2, the main shaft is matched with a high-speed cutter system with two surfaces in contact; thirdly, when the high-speed spindle is milled, the spindle rotates at a high speed, so that the spindle is required to be provided with very good dynamic balance without rapid temperature rise, a very good cooling circulation channel and a high-speed bearing with continuous good lubrication; fourth, this kind of compound five-axis linkage machining center of turning and milling, the main shaft can milling process, also can the high-speed rotation of workstation, high-speed main shaft stops, main shaft installation handle of a knife is doing the turning processing, this requires the main shaft to have very accurate main shaft locate function, 1, the main shaft is directional very accurate, 2, can bear great rotational torque after the main shaft is directional, this requires the main shaft to be directional after, the main shaft has built-in powerful band-type brake function, domestic has high-speed electric main shaft production, only main shaft rotation function, do not have band-type brake function, do not have strong cooling function, do not have all electric signal feedback, domestic temporarily have not satisfied the high-speed electric main shaft production that such compound five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool of turning and milling required.

Therefore, a high-speed motorized spindle applied to a turning and milling compound five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool is urgently needed to be researched.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a high-speed motorized spindle which has a compact structure and is suitable for a high-speed machining tool system with two-sided contact, for applying a high-speed cutting technology in cooperation with a turning and milling compound five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the high-speed electric spindle structure is mainly divided into three parts, namely a spindle rotating part, a spindle shell part and a cutter loosening cylinder part, wherein the spindle rotating part is mainly a spindle rotating shaft core, an HSK cutter handle steel ball spring clamp, a self-locking reinforcement type pulling claw, a pulling claw connecting shaft, a pulling cutter rod, a disc spring cushion, two groups of disc spring groups, a pulling cutter rod connecting sleeve, a rotating shaft core rear end cover, six cutter loosening pressure bearing disc connecting shafts and a cutter loosening pressure bearing disc are sequentially assembled in an inner diameter hole of the spindle rotating shaft core, the front taper hole of the spindle rotating shaft core is internally provided with an HSK handle, the HSK handle is tensioned by the inner support of a self-locking reinforcement type pulling claw until the taper shank and the flange surface of the HSK handle are contacted with the taper hole and the front end of the spindle rotating shaft core, the front taper hole part of the spindle rotating shaft core is radially symmetrically provided with two holes, the hole is internally provided with a steel ball spring clamp for installing the HSK handle, the steel ball spring clamp for the HSK handle comprises a steel ball, a pushing spring and a spring sleeve, the outer diameter of the taper shank of the HSK handle is provided with two symmetrical holes, after the HSK handle is assembled in place, the steel ball is partially pushed into the two symmetrical holes of the outer diameter of the HSK handle, and the self-locking reinforcement type pulling claw structure is divided into eight parts: the device comprises a pull claw shaft, six-petal pull claw sheets, an annular spring, a pull claw separation ring, a guide copper nut, a U-shaped oil seal, a through hole non-head inner hexagonal bolt and a wave spring ring; the outer diameter of the left end of the pull claw connecting shaft is provided with threads which are connected with the middle threads of the inner diameter of the pull claw shaft of the self-locking reinforcement type pull claw, the outer diameter of the left end of the pull cutter rod is provided with threads which are connected with the inner diameter threads of the right end of the pull claw connecting shaft, the pull cutter rod pulls the pull claw connecting shaft towards the rear end of the spindle rotating shaft core, the pull claw connecting shaft tightens the self-locking reinforcement type pull claw, the inner diameter of the pull cutter rod connecting sleeve is provided with threads which are connected with the outer diameter threads of the right end of the pull cutter rod, the pull cutter rod passes through the central holes of the two disc spring pads and the two groups of disc spring groups, the compressed disc spring groups pass through the disc spring pads, the inner hole step of the spindle rotating shaft core is taken as a supporting point, the pull cutter rod connecting sleeve is pushed, thereby the pull cutter rod is kept to the pull claw connecting shaft, the pull cutter connecting shaft pulls the self-locking reinforcement type pull claw towards the rear end of the spindle, the outer diameter threads of the rear end cover of the rotary shaft core are in threaded connection with the inner threads of the holes at the rear end of the rotary shaft core of the main shaft, the front ends of the six loose cutter pressure-bearing disc connecting shafts are in threaded connection with the broach rod connecting sleeves, six through holes are uniformly distributed in the axial direction of the rear end cover of the rotary shaft core, after the six loose cutter pressure-bearing disc connecting shafts penetrate through the six holes at the rear end cover of the rotary shaft core, the rear ends of the loose cutter pressure-bearing disc connecting shafts are in threaded fastening connection with the loose cutter pressure-bearing discs through bolts, two circles of threaded holes are arranged outside the six through holes uniformly distributed at the rear end surface of the rear end cover of the rotary shaft core, four circles of tight screw bolts are assembled in the inner circles of threaded holes to tightly press the rear end surface of the rotary shaft core of the main shaft, and the threaded connection between the outer threads of the rear end cover of the rotary shaft core and the inner threads of the hole at the rear end of the rotary shaft core of the main shaft is guaranteed not to loosen; the outer diameter of a spindle rotating shaft core is sequentially provided with a front end bearing inner ring locking disc, an angular contact ball bearing, an inner ring spacing ring, an angular contact ball bearing, a shaft core band-type brake disc, an electric spindle rotor, a balance disc, a rear bearing inner ring front spacing ring, a roller bearing, a rear bearing inner ring rear spacing ring, a rotating speed sensing fluted disc and a spindle directional sensing disc, wherein the inner diameter of the front end bearing inner ring locking disc is in threaded connection with the front end of the outer diameter of the spindle rotating shaft core in a threaded manner, the inner ring of the angular contact ball bearing is axially positioned by a spindle rotating shaft core outer diameter step, the front end bearing inner ring locking disc axially compresses the two angular contact ball bearing inner rings and an inner ring spacing ring between the two inner rings to complete the axial fixation of the two angular contact ball bearing inner rings, the flange step of the spindle rotating shaft core is provided with an installation shaft core band-type brake disc, the middle of the spindle rotating shaft core is in interference fit connection with the electric spindle rotor and the balance disc, the right end step of the spindle rotating shaft core axially positioned rear bearing inner ring, the roller bearing is sequentially assembled backwards, the rear bearing inner ring spacing ring of the rear bearing rotating speed sensing fluted disc and the spindle directional sensing disc are in a threaded manner, a circle of the spindle shaft core is axially fixed, a circle of the outer end cover is axially provided with a threaded hole outside the spindle rotating shaft core, four screw grooves are axially tightly pressed tightly, the axial direction sensing key grooves are axially tightly is axially arranged on the spindle shaft core axial directional sensing disc, and the outer diameter sensing disc is uniformly arranged axially, and the axial direction sensing key ring is axially fixed and has a small axial outer diameter; secondly, the main shaft shell mainly comprises a main shaft shell, a main shaft front end cover and a main shaft rear end cover, wherein the middle of an inner hole of the main shaft front end cover is provided with a raised step, the inner holes on two sides of the step are provided with mounting holes for an angular contact ball bearing outer ring, the side surfaces of two sides of the step are provided with axial positioning steps for the angular contact ball bearing outer ring, the end surface of the main shaft front end cover is provided with a threaded hole, a front bearing outer ring gland is fastened and mounted by bolts, the front bearing outer ring gland axially compresses the angular contact ball bearing outer ring, a labyrinth dust seal of a mounting framework is arranged in an inner diameter groove of the front bearing outer ring gland, the inner diameter of the raised step in the middle of the inner hole of the main shaft front end cover is provided with a front bearing outer ring spacer ring, an oil seal is arranged between the outer diameters of two sides of the annular groove and the inner diameter of the raised step in the middle of the inner hole of the main shaft front end cover, the front bearing outer ring spacer ring is processed by materials with high heat conductivity, the outer diameter ring groove of the main shaft front end cover is internally provided with a cooling circulating oil circulation flow, the right end surface of the main shaft front end cover is provided with an annular groove, the groove is internally provided with a holding brake piston ring, a piston snap ring is assembled, a piston snap ring ejecting spring is axially provided with a snap ring limit, an oil seal is arranged between the upper surface and the lower surface of the holding brake piston ring and the annular groove of the right end surface of the main shaft front end cover, the outer diameter of the main shaft front end cover is provided with a holding brake oil pressure interface, a cooling oil interface and an oil-gas lubrication interface, the inner diameter front end part of the main shaft shell is provided with a convex step, the left side of the convex step is provided with an inner hole of the front end part of the main shaft shell, the flange surface of the main shaft front end cover is provided with a countersunk bolt hole, the front end surface of the main shaft shell is fixedly connected with a holding brake friction ring by bolts, the inner diameter of the convex step is provided with a heat dissipation spacer ring, the cooling spacer ring is made of materials with high heat conductivity, cooling circulating oil circularly flows in the outer diameter annular groove, an inner hole in the middle part of the main shaft shell is arranged on the right side of the raised step, an electric main shaft stator coil is assembled in the inner hole in the middle of the main shaft shell, a threaded hole is formed in the right end face of the main shaft shell, a bolt hole is formed in the edge of the outer diameter of the main shaft rear end cover, and the two bolts are fastened and connected; the inner hole of the rear end cover of the main shaft is provided with a roller bearing installation hole site, the right side of the installation hole site is provided with a bearing outer ring positioning step, the left side of the installation hole site is provided with a roller bearing outer ring gland, the right side positioning step of the installation hole site of the roller bearing of the rear end cover of the main shaft is in bolt fastening connection with the roller bearing outer ring gland, the roller bearing outer ring is axially fixed with the roller bearing outer ring, the right end surface of the rear end cover of the main shaft is provided with three-phase power quick connectors, a temperature sensing detection head, two air exhaust ports and a main shaft rotation sensing encoder, each three-phase power quick connector is communicated with one outer lead of an electric main shaft stator coil, the temperature sensing detection head detects a main shaft temperature feedback signal, the rear end cover of the main shaft is provided with a processing channel, the air-oil lubrication interface is communicated with an annular groove of the roller bearing installation hole site, the roller bearing outer ring is provided with a processing channel, the two air exhaust ports are respectively communicated with the front space and the roller bearing rollaway, the lubricated air can be exhausted, the main shaft rotation sensing encoder senses the rotation speed of the main shaft and the spindle rotation sensing disc arranged at the rear end of the main shaft rotation sensing encoder, and the main shaft is fed back to the signal of a numerical control system; 3. the structure of the cutter loosening oil cylinder part is divided into three parts: the loose knife oil cylinder is divided into an oil cylinder shell, an oil cylinder end cover and a loose knife piston ring, the contact surface between any two is sealed by an oil seal, the oil cylinder shell and the oil cylinder end cover are connected and fastened by bolts, a flange step which is convenient for installing the loose knife oil cylinder is arranged on the oil cylinder shell, an installing bolt hole is arranged on the oil cylinder shell, two notches are formed at the flange step end of the oil cylinder shell, a rotating speed feedback encoder is convenient to be matched with a high-speed spindle, a broach oil pressure interface is arranged on the outer diameter of the oil cylinder shell and is communicated with the oil cylinder in a straight-through way, a signal feedback part is arranged, a loose knife oil pressure interface, a high-pressure water interface and an air source interface are arranged on the oil cylinder end cover, an oil pressure channel, a high-pressure water channel and an air source channel are arranged on the parts of the rotary joint, a one-way valve for preventing reverse backflow is arranged at the inlet of the channel, a notch which is one third of the periphery of the outer edge of the oil cylinder end cover is convenient to be matched with the high-speed spindle to be connected with a power line; the rotary joint part is arranged in the central hole of the oil cylinder end cover, the rotary joint part is provided with a floating seal sleeve, a static friction seal ring, a dynamic friction seal ring, a rotary joint shaft, a bearing mounting disc, a pushing spring, a floating seal sleeve bayonet lock and bolts, the static friction seal ring is fixedly arranged on the floating seal sleeve, an oil seal is arranged between the outer diameter of the floating seal sleeve and the inner diameter of the central hole of the oil cylinder end cover, two bolts are axially connected between the bearing mounting disc and the oil cylinder end cover, an oil seal is arranged between the outer diameter and the inner hole of the oil cylinder end cover, the bearing is arranged in the inner hole of the bearing mounting disc, the axial clamp spring is fixed, the bearing inner ring is assembled on the outer diameter of the rotary joint shaft, the movable friction sealing ring is fixedly arranged at the shaft end of the rotary joint shaft, the movable friction sealing ring at the shaft end of the rotary joint shaft and the static friction sealing ring on the floating sealing sleeve are both precise mirror surfaces, the sealing connection between the static channel part of the high-pressure water or air source channel and the rotary channel part is completed, the pushing spring pushes the floating sealing sleeve, the constant contact between the static friction sealing ring and the movable friction sealing ring is ensured, the outer diameter of the clamping pin of the floating sealing sleeve is provided with threads, the clamping pin is connected with a threaded hole of an oil cylinder end cover, the unthreaded part at the front end of the clamping pin of the floating sealing sleeve is clamped at a U-shaped notch which is symmetrical to the flange surface of the outer diameter step of the floating sealing sleeve, and the floating sealing sleeve is clamped and does not rotate along with the rotary joint shaft; the three signal feedback parts comprise a cutter loosening induction signal, a cutter pulling in-place induction signal and a main shaft idle cutter induction signal, and each signal feedback part comprises a proximity induction switch, a mounting plate and two mounting bolts; the two angular contact ball bearing outer rings at the front end of the main shaft rotating part are assembled to two bearing installation positions of an inner hole of a main shaft front end cover separated by a middle bulge, the roller bearing outer rings at the rear end of the main shaft rotating part are assembled to the bearing installation positions of the inner hole of a main shaft rear end cover, the bearing outer rings are radial and completely restrained in the axial direction, the loose knife cylinder is integrally installed on the rear end surface of the main shaft rear end cover, the rear end surface of the main shaft rear end cover is provided with a circular bulge step which is matched with a flange step of a cylinder shell, the main shaft rear end cover is provided with an installation threaded hole, and the main shaft rotating part, the main shaft shell part and the loose knife cylinder part are fastened and connected through bolts to form an integral high-speed electric main shaft.

The invention has the advantages that:

firstly, the high-speed motorized spindle structure is provided with a self-locking reinforcement type pulling claw which is matched with an HSK cutter system, a broaching mechanism is assembled, the broaching mechanism is in a tensioning cutter state, the whole self-locking reinforcement type pulling claw and an HSK cutter handle are in a self-locking wedging state, six-petal pulling claw sheets are uniformly separated by a pulling claw separating ring, excellent high-speed rotation dynamic balance characteristics can be obtained, and the requirement of dynamic balance of a high-speed cutting technology is met; the self-locking reinforcement type pulling claw has reinforcement function, so that the spindle broach mechanism is compact in structure, the broach force of the six-petal pulling claw piece to the HSK cutter handle is enough to enable the front taper hole of the spindle rotating shaft core to elastically deform, the HSK cutter handle axially moves slightly towards the rear end of the spindle until the flange surface of the HSK cutter handle contacts with the front end surface of the spindle rotating shaft core, and two surfaces of the HSK cutter handle system are contacted.

The high-speed motorized spindle structure is provided with a cutter loosening oil cylinder with a cutter loosening function and a rotary joint function, the cutter loosening oil cylinder is compact in structure, an oil pressure is led into a cutter loosening oil pressure interface, and a cutter loosening piston ring is pushed to do cutter loosening and pulling actions; the rotary joint function can lead in high-pressure cutting water, when cutting, the broach mechanism is in a state of tightening the cutter, the high-pressure cutting water channel is a high-pressure water interface, the one-way valve, the oil cylinder end cover channel, the rotary joint shaft center hole, the rotary shaft core rear end cover center hole, the broach rod center hole, the broach connecting shaft center hole and the broach shaft center hole are all sealed by an oil seal at the joint of the channels when the cutter is in a cutting process, one of the high-speed cutting technical requirements is met, when the high-speed main shaft is in processing, the high-pressure cutting water is sprayed out from the cutter center hole, the cutter is effectively cooled, the chip is removed rapidly, the service life of the cutter is prolonged, the cost is saved, and good processing surface quality is obtained; the rotary joint function can introduce an air source, when the five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool automatically changes a cutter, the cutter pulling rod moves forwards when the main shaft cutter pulling mechanism is in a cutter loosening state, the cutter pulling connecting shaft cuts off a high-pressure cutting water channel, the air source channel is an air source interface, a one-way valve is arranged in the oil cylinder end cover channel, the central hole of the rotary joint shaft, the central hole of the rear end cover of the rotary shaft core, the central hole of the cutter pulling rod, the central hole of the cutter pulling connecting shaft, the air source channel of the cutter pulling connecting shaft, the air injection channel of the main shaft rotary shaft core, the small hole which reaches the front end surface of the main shaft rotary shaft core and the taper hole are blown out, oil seal seals are arranged at the joint of the channels, the taper hole of the main shaft can be cleaned rapidly, the repeated positioning precision after cutter changing can be ensured, the stability of the quick automatic cutter changing can be ensured, the high-pressure water channel and the air source channel can be switched and closed when the cutter pulling connecting shaft is in different positions when the cutter pulling state of the main shaft and the cutter loosening state, and the two channels are provided with one-way valves, and the two channels can not be mixed.

The front end of the high-speed motorized spindle is internally provided with an oil pressure band-type brake structure, the right end face of the front end cover of the spindle is provided with an annular groove, and the groove is internally provided with an assembly band-type brake piston

The piston ring is axially provided with a clamp spring limit, an oil seal is arranged between the band-type brake piston ring and the upper surface and the lower surface of an annular groove on the right end face of the front end cover of the main shaft, and an oil pressure interface is arranged at the outer diameter of the front end cover of the main shaft; the flange step of the main shaft rotating shaft core is provided with a shaft core band-type brake disc which is fastened and connected by bolts; the left side surface of the raised step at the front end part of the inner diameter of the main shaft shell is provided with a friction ring for fixedly assembling the band-type brake; the front end cover of the main shaft is provided with a processing channel, an oil seal closed space formed by an annular groove at the outer diameter of the front end cover of the main shaft, which is communicated with an annular groove at the right end surface of the front end cover of the main shaft, and an internal contracting brake piston ring is communicated, the main shaft stops rotating, after directional action is carried out, the oil pressure is led into the internal contracting brake oil pressure interface at the outer diameter of the front end cover of the main shaft, the internal contracting brake piston ring is pushed by the oil pressure to move right, the internal contracting brake piston ring is tightly pressed by an internal contracting brake disc, which is attached to a main shaft shell, so that the main shaft rotating shaft core can bear larger torque when turning is carried out on the high-speed electric main shaft, and the processing precision when turning is carried out is ensured; when the numerical control system controls the electromagnetic valve to switch oil pressure, the band-type brake piston ring is pushed by the piston ring ejecting spring to move left to separate the shaft core band-type brake disc after the band-type brake oil pressure interface is led to the return pipeline, the shaft core band-type brake disc elastically separates from the band-type brake friction ring on the main shaft shell, and the main shaft rotating shaft core can rotate, so that the requirement of a high-speed electric main shaft of the turning and milling combined five-shaft linkage machining center can be met, the main shaft can bear larger rotating torque after being oriented, and the main shaft can rotate at high speed after being released from orientation.

The high-speed electric spindle is provided with a good heat dissipation and cooling circulation channel, the outer diameter of the front end cover of the spindle is provided with a cooling oil interface, the front end cover of the spindle and the spindle shell are provided with processing channels, cooling circulation oil is led in from the cooling oil interface of the outer diameter of the front end cover of the spindle, flows through a circular ring groove in the middle of the outer diameter of an outer ring spacer ring of the front bearing, then flows through a channel communicated with the spindle shell through the front end cover of the spindle, passes through a cooling oil groove of the main shaft shell, is led into a circular ring groove in the middle of the outer diameter of the cooling spacer ring, flows through the circular ring groove in the middle of the outer diameter of the cooling spacer ring, is led into an annular groove of the main shaft shell, is provided with an oil seal groove in the outer diameter of the spindle shell, is assembled shell to seal a gap between the main shaft shell and a main shaft mounting hole on a main shaft mounting body, and after cooling oil flows back to the cooling oil tank from a main shaft cooling oil outlet of the main shaft mounting body, and the outer ring spacer ring of the front bearing is processed by materials with high heat conductivity, so that heat is effectively conducted to the cooling oil, and the temperature rise is effectively prevented when the high-speed electric spindle runs at a high speed.

Fifthly, the high-speed motorized spindle bearing adopts oil-gas lubrication, an oil-gas lubrication interface is arranged on the outer diameter of the front end cover of the spindle, oil-gas lubrication is led in, a processing channel is arranged on the front end cover of the spindle, the led oil-gas enters two groups of angular contact ball bearing raceways, and then is discharged from a framework labyrinth dust seal arranged in a groove on the inner diameter of a gland of an outer ring gland of the front bearing; the novel oil-gas lubrication device is characterized in that the right end face of the main shaft rear end cover is provided with two oil-gas lubrication interfaces and two exhaust ports, the main shaft rear end cover is provided with a processing channel, the oil-gas lubrication interfaces are communicated with annular grooves of roller bearing installation holes, the outer ring of the roller bearing is provided with holes, oil gas can be led into roller bearing raceways to lubricate the bearing, the main shaft rear end cover is also provided with the processing channel, the two exhaust ports are respectively communicated with front and rear spaces of the roller bearing raceways, the lubricated gas can be discharged, and the oil gas lubrication has the following advantages: 1, the environment is protected, and as no oil mist exists, only air is discharged into the atmosphere, so that the environment is not polluted; 2, the oil injection quantity can be accurately controlled, and the waste of low cost is avoided; 3, the air cooling effect is good, and the running temperature of the bearing can be reduced; and 4, the bearing can be effectively lubricated, and because the air near the bearing and the bearing run simultaneously when the bearing rotates at a high speed, an air wall is formed, lubricating oil sprayed by certain air pressure is required to be used for effectively lubricating the bearing roller path, the bearing chamber can keep positive air pressure, and the external environment cannot pollute the bearing. Oil-gas lubrication is a new trend to replace oil mist lubrication, continuous and stable lubrication can ensure continuous high-precision operation of a high-speed electric spindle bearing, and the bearing precision is protected and the service life is prolonged.

Six, the electrical signal of this high-speed electric spindle is complete and accurate, there is three-phase power quick-operation joint of the electric spindle on the said main shaft rear end cap, can connect and join in marriage the three-phase power fast, contact is stable; the temperature sensing detection head is used for feeding back the monitored temperature of the electric spindle to the system; the system comprises a main shaft rotation induction coder, a rotation speed induction fluted disc and a main shaft orientation induction disc which are used for inducing the rear end of a main shaft rotation shaft core, feeding back the main shaft rotation speed to the system, and accurately orienting the main shaft; the signal feedback parts of the cutter loosening oil cylinder comprise three parts, namely cutter loosening induction signals, cutter pulling in-place induction signals and main shaft blank cutter induction signals, and the edges of the cutter loosening pressure-bearing disc are induced, so that very accurate signals of the cutter holding state of the main shaft end can be fed back to a numerical control system, the phenomenon that the cutter is collided when automatic cutter changing occurs due to the error judgment of the cutter holding state can be avoided, and the stability of quick cutter changing is ensured.

Seventhly, the broach mechanism of the high-speed motorized spindle can also keep the HSK knife handle stably clamped in the front taper hole of the spindle rotating shaft core in a tool loosening state,

1, the wave spring ring of the self-locking reinforcement type pulling claw pushes the push-pull claw separating ring by taking the inner diameter step surface of the main shaft rotating shaft core as a fulcrum, and the separating ring pushes the six-valve pulling claw sheets to be in an open state, so that the HSK knife handle can still be clamped; 2, two holes are radially symmetrically formed in the front taper hole part of the spindle rotating shaft core, an HSK knife handle steel ball spring clamp is arranged in each hole, each HSK knife handle steel ball spring clamp comprises a steel ball, a pushing spring and a spring sleeve, two symmetrical holes are formed in the outer diameter of the taper shank of the HSK knife handle, after the HSK knife handle is assembled in place, the steel balls are pushed into the two symmetrical holes in the outer diameter of the taper shank of the HSK knife handle by partial jacking, the HSK knife handle can still be stably clamped by the HSK knife handle steel ball spring clamp in a knife loosening state, the stability of quick automatic knife changing is ensured, the knife handle is prevented from being not timely manually grasped, the knife handle falls off to damage a knife, and two persons are not required to cooperate to detach the knife during manual knife changing.

Eight, the high-speed electric spindle has dynamic balance precision meeting the requirement of ultra-high speed, the spindle rotating shaft core is provided with an assembly balance disc, and the spindle rotating part is subjected to dynamic balance test in advance before being assembled into the high-speed electric spindle, so that the balance disc can accurately balance the mass.

And the high-speed motorized spindle is compact in structure, complete in function, convenient to assemble, convenient to integrate in electric, oil-pressure, lubrication and cooling systems, and capable of being assembled to a turning-milling composite five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool or a five-axis linkage gantry numerical control machine tool, and sleeve wiring is convenient to integrate.

In conclusion, the high-speed motorized spindle can be conveniently assembled to a turning and milling compound five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool or a five-axis linkage gantry numerical control machine tool, meets the technical requirements of the five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool on various functions of the high-speed motorized spindle, and can be matched with the turning and milling compound five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool or the five-axis linkage gantry machining center to apply the high-speed cutting machining technology.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an external view of a high-speed motorized spindle applied to a turning and milling compound five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool fig. 1.

Fig. 2 is an external view 2 of a high-speed motorized spindle applied to a turning and milling compound five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool.

Fig. 3 is a front view of a high-speed motorized spindle applied to a turning and milling compound five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool.

Fig. 4 is a left side view of a high-speed motorized spindle applied to a turning and milling compound five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool.

Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a high-speed motorized spindle E-E applied to a turning and milling compound five-axis linkage numerical control machine.

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of a rotating part of a high-speed motorized spindle applied to a turning-milling compound five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool.

Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of the front end of a rotating part of a high-speed motorized spindle applied to a turning-milling compound five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool.

Fig. 8 is a partial enlarged view of the rear end of a rotating part of a high-speed motorized spindle applied to a turning-milling compound five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool.

Fig. 9 is a partial sectional structure diagram of a high-speed motorized spindle housing applied to a turning and milling compound five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool.

Fig. 10 is a diagram of a partial band-type brake of a high-speed motorized spindle housing part applied to a turning-milling compound five-axis linkage numerical control machine.

Fig. 11 is a right side view of a high-speed motorized spindle housing portion for use in a turning and milling compound five-axis linkage numerical control machine.

Fig. 12 is a front view of a self-locking energizing pull tab adapted to an HSK knife system.

Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a self-locking energizing pull jaw C-C adapted to an HSK tool system.

Fig. 14 is a front view of a cutter loosening cylinder that integrates a cutter loosening function and a rotary joint function.

Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a cutter loosening cylinder A-A integrating a cutter loosening function and a rotary joint function.

Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a cutter loosening cylinder E-E that integrates a cutter loosening function and a rotary joint function.

Fig. 17 is a sectional view of a high-speed motorized spindle J-J applied to a turning and milling compound five-axis linkage numerical control machine.

Fig. 18 is a D-D cross-sectional view of a high-speed electric spindle tool loosening state applied to a turning and milling compound five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool.

As shown in fig. 1: a. an air source interface, a high-pressure water interface, a loose knife oil pressure interface, m and a cooling oil groove.

As shown in fig. 2: n, cooling oil interface, k, band-type brake oil pressure interface, z, oil-gas lubrication interface, p, cooling oil groove, i, main shaft rotary induction encoder, j, temperature induction detection head, h, three-phase power supply quick-operation joint, y, oil-gas lubrication interface.

As shown in fig. 3: d. broach oil pressure interface, e, loose knife induction signal, f, broach in-place induction signal, g, main shaft empty knife induction signal,

o, exhaust port.

As shown in fig. 6: 1. the HSK knife handle, 2, HSK knife handle steel ball spring clip, 3 main shaft rotation axis core, 4, self-locking reinforcement pull claw, 5, pull claw connecting shaft, 6, pull knife bar, 7, disc spring pad two, 8, disc spring group two, 9, pull knife bar connecting sleeve, 10, loose knife pressure bearing disc connecting shaft six, 11, rotation axis core rear end cover, 12, loose knife pressure bearing disc, 13, a front end bearing inner ring locking disc, 14, an angular contact ball bearing, 15, an inner ring spacing ring, 16, a shaft core brake disc, 17, an electric spindle rotor, 18, a balance disc, 19, a rear bearing inner ring front spacing ring, 20, a roller bearing, 21, a rear bearing inner ring rear spacing ring, 22, a rotating speed sensing fluted disc, 23 and a spindle directional sensing disc.

As shown in fig. 7: and w, pulling claw connecting shaft high-pressure water channel, s, pulling claw connecting shaft high-pressure water channel.

As shown in fig. 9: 24. the front bearing outer ring gland, 25, the framework labyrinth dust seal, 26 main shaft front end cover, 27, main shaft housing, 28, housing oil seal, 29, main shaft rear end cover, 30, front bearing outer ring spacer ring, 31, band-type brake piston ring, 32, piston ring top backing spring, 33, piston snap ring, 34, band-type brake friction ring, 35 and heat dissipation spacer ring.

As shown in fig. 11: 39. inner ring screw bolt, 40, outer ring screw bolt.

As shown in fig. 12: 41. a pull claw shaft 42, six-petal pull claw sheets 43, an annular spring 44 and a pull claw separating ring.

As shown in fig. 13: 45. the device comprises a guide copper nut 46, a U-shaped oil seal 47, a through hole non-head inner hexagonal bolt 48 and a wave spring ring.

As shown in fig. 15: 49. 50 parts of oil cylinder shell, 50 parts of oil cylinder end cover, 51 parts of cutter loosening piston ring, 52 parts of pushing spring, 53 parts of floating sealing sleeve, 54 parts of pushing spring,

Static friction sealing ring, 55, dynamic friction sealing ring, 56, rotary joint shaft, 57, one-way valve, 58, bearing mounting disc, 59, bearing, 60 and bolt.

As shown in fig. 16: 61. and the floating seal sleeve bayonet lock.

As shown in fig. 17: v, main shaft installation body, P, cooling oil export.

As shown in fig. 18: u, pull claw connecting shaft air source channel, x, main shaft rotating shaft core air injection channel.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The high-speed electric spindle for turning and milling composite five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool has the appearance shown in figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, the structure of the high-speed electric spindle is shown in figure 5, and is mainly divided into three parts, namely a spindle rotating part, a spindle shell part and a cutter loosening cylinder part, the spindle rotating part is shown in figure 6, the spindle rotating part is mainly a spindle rotating shaft core 3, the inside diameter hole of the spindle rotating shaft core 3 is sequentially provided with an HSK knife handle 1, an HSK knife handle steel ball spring clamp 2, a self-locking reinforcement type pull claw 4, a pull claw connecting shaft 5, a pull knife rod 6, two disc spring pads 7, two groups of disc spring groups 8, a pull knife rod connecting sleeve 9, a rotating shaft core rear end cover 11, six cutter loosening pressure-bearing disc connecting shafts 10 and a cutter loosening pressure bearing disc 12, the front end of the spindle rotating part is partially enlarged as shown in fig. 7, the rear end of the spindle rotating part is partially enlarged as shown in fig. 8, an HSK cutter handle 1 is assembled in a front taper hole of a spindle rotating shaft core, the HSK cutter handle 1 is internally tensioned by an internal stay of a self-locking reinforcement type pull claw 4 until the taper shank and a flange surface of the HSK cutter handle 1 are contacted with the taper hole and the front end of a spindle rotating shaft core 3, two holes are radially and symmetrically formed in the front taper hole part of the spindle rotating shaft core 3, an HSK cutter handle steel ball spring clamp 2 is installed in the holes, the HSK cutter handle steel ball spring clamp 2 comprises a steel ball, a pushing spring and a spring sleeve, after the HSK cutter handle 1 is assembled in place, the steel ball is partially pushed into the two holes symmetrically in the outer diameter of the HSK cutter handle, and the self-locking reinforcement type pull claw 4 is structurally divided into eight parts: the self-locking boosting type pulling claw comprises a pulling claw shaft 41, six-petal pulling claw sheets 42, an annular spring 43, a pulling claw separation ring 44, a guide copper nut 45, a U-shaped oil seal 46, a through hole non-head inner hexagonal bolt 47 and a wave spring ring 48, wherein the self-locking boosting type pulling claw has a self-locking boosting type pulling claw shape as shown in fig. 12, and the self-locking boosting type pulling claw has a self-locking boosting type pulling claw structure as shown in fig. 13; the external diameter of the left end of the pull claw connecting shaft 5 is connected with the internal diameter middle thread of the pull claw shaft 41 of the self-locking reinforcement type pull claw 4, the external diameter of the left end of the pull cutter rod 6 is connected with the internal diameter thread of the right end of the pull claw connecting shaft 5, the pull cutter rod pulls the pull claw connecting shaft towards the rear end of the main shaft rotating shaft core 3, the pull claw connecting shaft 5 tightens the self-locking reinforcement type pull claw 4, the internal diameter of the pull cutter rod connecting sleeve 9 is connected with the external diameter thread of the right end of the pull cutter rod 6, the pull cutter rod passes through the central holes of the two disc spring gaskets 7 and the two disc spring groups 8, the compressed disc spring groups 8 push the pull cutter rod connecting sleeve 9 by taking the inner hole step of the main shaft rotating shaft core 3 as a supporting point, thereby maintaining the pull force of the pull cutter rod 6 to the pull claw connecting shaft 5 and the pull claw connecting shaft 5 to the self-locking reinforcement type pull claw 4 towards the rear end of the main shaft, the outer diameter threads of the rear end cover 11 of the rotary shaft core are in threaded connection with the inner threads of the holes at the rear end of the rotary shaft core 3 of the main shaft, the front ends of the six loose cutter bearing disc connecting shafts 10 are in threaded connection with the broach rod connecting sleeve 9, six through holes are uniformly distributed in the axial direction of the rear end cover 11 of the rotary shaft core, after the six loose cutter bearing disc connecting shafts 10 penetrate through the six holes of the rear end cover of the rotary shaft core, the rear ends of the loose cutter bearing disc connecting shafts 10 are in threaded connection with the loose cutter bearing discs 12 by bolts, the four inner ring fastening bolts 39 are assembled in one circle outside the six through holes uniformly distributed on the rear end surface of the rear end cover 11 of the rotary shaft core, the rear end surface of the main shaft core 3 is tightly propped up, and the threaded connection between the outer threads of the rear end cover 11 of the rotary shaft core and the inner threads of the holes at the rear end of the rotary shaft core 3 of the main shaft is ensured not to loosen; the outer diameter of the spindle rotating shaft core 3 is sequentially provided with a front end bearing inner ring locking disc 13, an angular contact ball bearing 14, an inner ring spacing ring 15, the angular contact ball bearing 14, a shaft core locking disc 16, an electric spindle rotor 17, a balance disc 18, a rear bearing inner ring front spacing ring 19, a roller bearing 20, a rear bearing inner ring rear spacing ring 21, a rotating speed sensing fluted disc 22 and a spindle directional sensing disc 23, the inner diameter of the front end bearing inner ring locking disc 13 is in threaded connection with the front end of the outer diameter of the spindle rotating shaft core 3, the inner ring of the angular contact ball bearing 14 is axially positioned by the step of the outer diameter of the spindle rotating shaft core 3, the front end bearing inner ring locking disc 13 axially presses the two angular contact ball bearing 14 inner rings and the inner ring spacing ring 15 between the two inner rings to complete the axial fixing of the two angular contact ball bearing inner rings, the shaft core locking disc 16 is installed at the flange step of the spindle rotating shaft core 3, the electric spindle rotor 17 and the balance disc 18 are assembled in an interference manner in the middle of the spindle rotating shaft core, the front spacing ring 19 of the rear bearing inner ring is axially positioned at the right end step of the spindle rotating shaft core, the roller bearings 20 are sequentially assembled backwards, the rear spacing ring 21 of the rear bearing inner ring, the rotating speed sensing fluted disc 22 and the spindle directional sensing disc 23 are assembled, four screw bolts 40 of the outer ring are assembled in a circle of screw holes outside the rear end cover of the spindle rotating shaft core, as shown in fig. 11, the rear end face of the spindle directional sensing disc 23 is axially and forwards propped against, the axial fixing of the roller bearing inner ring is completed, axial tooth grooves are uniformly distributed on the outer diameter circumference of the rotating speed sensing fluted disc 22, an axial small key groove is formed on the outer diameter circumference of the spindle directional sensing disc 23, the front end structural diagram of the spindle rotating part is enlarged, as shown in fig. 7, and the rear end structural diagram of the spindle rotating part is enlarged as shown in fig. 8; secondly, the main shaft shell part structure mainly comprises a main shaft shell 27, a main shaft front end cover 26 and a main shaft rear end cover 29, wherein the main shaft front end cover 26 is partially enlarged as shown in fig. 10, a raised step is arranged in the middle of an inner hole of the main shaft front end cover 26, angular contact ball bearing outer ring mounting holes are arranged in inner holes on two sides of the step, axial positioning steps of the angular contact ball bearing outer ring are arranged on two sides of the step, a threaded hole is arranged on the end surface of the main shaft front end cover 26, a front bearing outer ring gland 24 is fastened and mounted through bolts, the front bearing outer ring gland axially compresses the angular contact ball bearing outer ring, a mounting framework labyrinth dust seal 25 is arranged in a groove in the inner diameter of the front bearing outer ring gland, a front bearing outer ring spacer ring 30 is assembled in the inner diameter of the raised step in the middle of the inner hole of the main shaft front end cover, a circular ring groove is arranged in the middle of the outer diameter of the front bearing outer ring spacer ring, an oil seal is arranged between the outer diameters of two sides of a circular groove and the inner diameter of a raised step in the middle of an inner hole of a front end cover 27 of a main shaft, an outer ring spacer ring 30 of the front bearing is made of materials with high heat conductivity coefficient, cooling circulating oil circularly flows in the circular groove of the outer ring spacer ring of the front bearing, an annular groove is arranged on the right end surface of the front end cover 26 of the main shaft, a band-type brake piston ring 31 is assembled in the groove, a piston snap ring 33 and a piston ring top return spring 32 are arranged in the groove, the piston snap ring is axially limited by a snap ring, oil seal is arranged between the band-type brake piston ring 33 and the upper surface and the lower surface of the annular groove on the right end surface of the front end cover 26 of the main shaft, a band-type brake oil pressure interface k, a cooling oil interface n and an oil gas lubrication interface z are arranged on the outer diameter of the front end cover 26 of the main shaft, a raised step is arranged on the front end part of the inner diameter of the front end cover 27 of the main shaft, an inner hole of the front end cover of the main shaft is assembled on the left side of the front end cover 26 of the main shaft, a countersunk bolt hole is arranged on the flange surface of the front end cover 26 of the main shaft, a threaded hole is arranged on the front end surface of the main shaft housing 27, the two are fastened and connected by bolts, a friction ring 34 of a fixed assembly band-type brake is arranged on the front side of a raised step at the front end part of the inner diameter of a main shaft shell 27, a heat dissipation spacer ring 35 is arranged on the inner diameter of the raised step, the small step is axially positioned, a circular ring groove is arranged in the middle of the outer diameter of the heat dissipation spacer ring 35, oil seal sealing is arranged between the outer diameters of two sides of the circular ring groove and the inner diameter of the raised step at the front end of the inner diameter of the main shaft shell 27, the heat dissipation spacer ring 35 is processed by materials with high heat conductivity, cooling circulating oil circularly flows in the circular ring groove of the outer diameter, the right side of the raised step is an inner hole at the middle part of the main shaft shell 27, an electric main shaft stator coil 36 is arranged in the inner hole at the middle of the main shaft shell 27, a threaded hole is arranged on the right end surface of the main shaft shell 27, and a bolt hole is formed at the edge of the main shaft rear end cover 29 close to the outer diameter and is fastened and connected by the two bolts; the inner hole of the rear end cover of the main shaft is provided with a roller bearing installation hole site, the right side of the installation hole site is provided with a bearing outer ring positioning step, the left side of the installation hole site is provided with a roller bearing outer ring gland 37, the two bolt 38 are fixedly connected, the right side positioning step of the roller bearing installation hole site of the rear end cover of the main shaft is axially fixed with the roller bearing outer ring gland 37, the right side view of the rear end cover of the main shaft is shown in figure 11, the right end surface of the rear end cover 29 of the main shaft is provided with three-phase power supply quick connectors h, a temperature sensing detection head j, two oil gas lubrication interfaces y and an exhaust port o, a main shaft rotary sensing encoder i, each three-phase power supply quick connector h is communicated with one outer lead of an electric main shaft stator coil 36, the temperature sensing detection head j detects a main shaft temperature feedback signal, the rear end cover of the main shaft is provided with a processing channel, the oil gas-gas lubrication interface y is communicated with an annular groove of the roller bearing installation hole site, the roller bearing outer ring is provided with a hole, gas-liquid mixed lubricating oil can be led into a rollaway race of the roller bearing, the main shaft rear end cover 29 is also provided with a processing channel, the two exhaust ports o are respectively communicated with a front space and rear space of the rollaway, the main shaft rotary encoder is provided with a rotary encoder, and a rotary encoder is arranged at the rotary shaft end of the main shaft is provided with a rotary encoder, and a rotary speed sensing system is arranged to the rotary shaft is oriented, and a rotary encoder is arranged to the rotary spindle 23, and a rotary speed of a rotary encoder is arranged; 3. the profile of the cutter loosening oil cylinder part is shown in fig. 14, the structure is cross-sectional view, and as shown in fig. 15 and 16, the cutter loosening oil cylinder part structure is divided into three parts: the cutter loosening oil cylinder is divided into an oil cylinder shell 49, an oil cylinder end cover 50 and a cutter loosening piston ring 51, the contact surface between any two is sealed by an oil seal, the oil cylinder shell 49 and the oil cylinder end cover 50 are connected and fastened by bolts, a flange step which is convenient for installing the cutter loosening oil cylinder is arranged on the oil cylinder shell, a mounting bolt hole is arranged on the oil cylinder shell, two notches are formed in the flange step end of the oil cylinder shell 49, a rotary speed feedback encoder which is convenient to match with a high-speed spindle is assembled, a broach oil pressure interface d is arranged on the outer diameter of the oil cylinder shell and is communicated with the oil cylinder, a mounting signal feedback part is arranged, a cutter loosening oil pressure interface c, a high-pressure water interface b and an air source interface a are arranged on the oil cylinder end cover, an oil pressure channel is arranged on the oil cylinder, a high-pressure water channel is arranged on the air source channel is arranged on the rotary joint part, a one-way valve 57 which is arranged for preventing reverse backflow is arranged at the channel inlet, a notch which is one third of the periphery of the oil cylinder end cover 50 is arranged, and the power line is convenient to match with the high-speed spindle; the rotary joint part is arranged in a central hole of the oil cylinder end cover, the rotary joint part is provided with a floating seal sleeve 53, a static friction seal ring 54, a dynamic friction seal ring 55, a rotary joint shaft 56, a bearing 59, a bearing mounting disc 58, a pushing spring 52, a floating seal sleeve bayonet 61 and a bolt 60, the floating seal sleeve 53 is provided with a fixed static friction seal ring 54, an oil seal is arranged between the outer diameter of the floating seal sleeve 53 and the inner diameter of the central hole of the oil cylinder end cover, the bearing mounting disc 58 is axially connected with the oil cylinder end cover by two bolts 60, an oil seal is arranged between the outer diameter and the inner hole of the oil cylinder end cover, the bearing 59 is arranged in the inner hole of the bearing mounting disc 58, an axial clamp spring is fixed, the bearing inner ring is assembled on the outer diameter of the rotary joint shaft 56, the dynamic friction seal ring 55 is fixedly arranged at the shaft end of the rotary joint shaft 56, the dynamic friction seal ring 55 is in contact with the static friction seal ring 54 on the floating seal sleeve 53, the contact surface of the two is a precise mirror surface, the static channel part of a high-pressure water or air source channel is in sealing connection with the rotary channel part, the pushing spring 52 pushes the floating seal sleeve 53, the static friction seal ring is ensured to always contact with the dynamic friction seal ring, the floating seal ring 61 is in threaded connection with the outer diameter of the floating seal sleeve, the floating seal sleeve pin 61 is connected with the threaded end cover, the threaded hole is in the threaded connection with the threaded hole, the floating seal sleeve 53 is clamped by the external diameter of the seal sleeve 53, and the sealing sleeve 53 is clamped by the external flange 53 is not clamped by the axial flange 53; the three signal feedback parts comprise a cutter loosening induction signal e, a cutter pulling in-place induction signal f and a main shaft idle cutter induction signal g, and each signal feedback part comprises a proximity induction switch, a mounting plate and two mounting bolts; the two angular contact ball bearings 14 outer rings at the front end of the main shaft rotating part are assembled to two bearing installation positions of an inner hole of a main shaft front end cover 26, which are separated by a middle bulge, the roller bearing 20 outer ring at the rear end of the main shaft rotating part is assembled to the bearing installation position of an inner hole of a main shaft rear end cover 29, the bearing outer ring is radial and is completely restrained in the axial direction, a cutter loosening oil cylinder is integrally installed to the right end face of the main shaft rear end cover, the right end face of the main shaft rear end cover 29 is provided with a circular bulge step which is matched with a flange step of an oil cylinder shell, the main shaft rear end cover 29 is provided with an installation threaded hole, and the two parts are in bolt fastening connection, so that the main shaft rotating part, the main shaft shell part and the cutter loosening oil cylinder part are combined into a whole high-speed electric main shaft.

The high-speed motorized spindle applied to the turning and milling combined five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool is characterized by comprising the following structural characteristics:

firstly, the high-speed motorized spindle structure is provided with a self-locking reinforcement type pulling claw 4 which is matched with an HSK tool system, a broach mechanism is assembled, the broach mechanism comprises a spindle rotating shaft core 3, and an HSK tool shank 1, an HSK tool shank steel ball spring clamp 2, a self-locking reinforcement type pulling claw 4, a pulling claw connecting shaft 5, a broach rod 6, two disc spring gaskets 7, two disc spring groups 8, a broach rod connecting sleeve 9, a rotating shaft core rear end cover 11, six loose tool bearing disc connecting shafts 10 and a loose tool bearing disc 12 which are sequentially assembled in an inner diameter hole of the spindle rotating shaft core 3, the whole self-locking reinforcement type pulling claw 4 and the HSK tool shank 1 are in a self-locking wedging state, and six-petal pulling claw pieces 42 are uniformly separated by a pulling claw separating ring 44, so that excellent high-speed rotation dynamic balance characteristics can be obtained, and the requirement of dynamic balance of a high-speed cutting technology is met; the self-locking reinforcement type pulling claw has reinforcement function, so that the structure of the spindle broach mechanism is compact, the broach force of the six-petal pulling claw piece 42 on the HSK knife handle 1 is enough to enable the front taper hole of the spindle rotating shaft core 3 to elastically deform, the HSK knife handle 1 axially moves slightly towards the rear end of the spindle until the flange surface of the HSK knife handle 1 contacts with the front end surface of the spindle rotating shaft core 3, and two surfaces of the HSK knife handle system are contacted.

Secondly, the cutter loosening process of the high-speed motorized spindle comprises the following steps: the numerical control system controls an oil pressure electromagnetic valve, an oil pressure outlet is switched, a broach oil pressure interface d is communicated with a return oil tank pipeline, an oil pressure is led into a loose cutter oil pressure interface c to push a loose cutter piston ring 51, the loose cutter bearing disc 12, six loose cutter bearing disc connecting shafts 11 and a broach rod connecting sleeve 9 are pushed forward, the disc spring group 8 is compressed until the broach rod 6 and the broach connecting shaft 5 are moved forward, the broach shaft 41 is moved forward, the six-petal broach piece 42 is released from a wedging state, the broach shaft 41 is continuously moved forward to push the HSK cutter handle 1 to move slightly forward, the two-sided constraint state of the HSK cutter handle 1 is released, the HSK cutter handle 1 is still in a clamping state, and the cutter loosening state is shown in fig. 18.

Thirdly, the broaching process of the high-speed motorized spindle comprises the following steps: the numerical control system controls an oil pressure electromagnetic valve, an oil pressure outlet is switched, a loose cutter oil pressure interface c is communicated with a return oil tank pipeline, an oil pressure is led in by a cutter oil pressure interface d to push a loose cutter piston ring 51 to retract, a compressed disc spring group 8 passes through a disc spring pad 7, an inner hole step of a main shaft rotating shaft core 3 is taken as a supporting point, a push cutter rod connecting sleeve 9 is retracted, a cutter rod 6, a cutter connecting shaft 5 and a cutter shaft 41 are retracted until a self-locking reinforcement type cutter handle 4 tightens an HSK cutter handle 1 to a wedging self-locking and two-side constraint state, the rear side is not moved any more, the disc spring group 8 only partially recovers deformation, the elasticity generated by the residual deformation keeps the tension of the disc spring group 8 to the cutter rod connecting sleeve 9 and the cutter connecting shaft 5, the cutter connecting shaft 5 to the self-locking reinforcement type cutter 4 is retracted to the rear end of the main shaft, the loose cutter piston ring 51 is stopped to be separated from the rear end face of the loose cutter pressure-bearing disc 12, and the tightening cutter state is shown in fig. 5 and 17.

Fourthly, the high-speed motorized spindle high-pressure cutting water channel: during cutting, the broach mechanism is in a tensioning knife state, a high-pressure cutting water channel is a high-pressure water interface b, a one-way valve 57, an oil cylinder end cover channel, a static friction sealing ring 54, a dynamic friction sealing ring 55, a rotary joint shaft 56 central hole, a rotary shaft core rear end cover 11 central hole, a broach rod 6 central hole, a broach connecting shaft 5 central hole, a static friction sealing ring 54, a dynamic friction sealing ring 55, a broach connecting shaft high-pressure water channel w, a main shaft rotary shaft core 3 inner hole groove, a broach connecting shaft high-pressure water channel s, a broach shaft 41 central hole to an HSK knife handle 1 central hole, and then to a knife central hole high-pressure jet, oil seals are arranged at channel joints, and at the moment, the broach connecting shaft air source channel u is not aligned with a main shaft core jet channel x inlet, and is in a closed state, namely in a broach state, and the air source channel is closed.

Fifthly, the high-speed motorized spindle air source channel: when the five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool automatically changes the cutter, the main shaft broach mechanism is in a cutter loosening state, as shown in fig. 18, the air source channel is an air source interface a, a one-way valve 57, an oil cylinder end cover channel, a static friction sealing ring 54, a dynamic friction sealing ring 55, a rotary joint shaft 56 central hole, a rotary shaft core rear end cover 11 central hole, a broach rod 6 central hole, a pull claw connecting shaft 5 central hole, a pull claw connecting shaft air source channel u, a main shaft rotary shaft core air injection channel x and a small hole which is blown out from the front end surface of the main shaft rotary shaft core and a taper hole, oil seals are arranged at the channel joint, and at the moment, the pull claw connecting shaft high-pressure water channel s staggers the position of an inner hole of the main shaft rotary shaft core 3, namely the cutter loosening state high-pressure cutting water channel is closed.

Six, there is oil pressure band-type brake structure in the front end of this high-speed motorized spindle, there are annular grooves on the right end surface of the front end cover 26 of the spindle, there are assembly band-type brake piston rings 31 in the groove, the piston snap ring 33, the piston ring pushes against the spring 32, the piston snap ring has snap spring limit axially, there are oil seals between upper and lower two sides of annular groove of the right end surface of front end cover 26 of the band-type brake piston ring and spindle, there are oil pressure interfaces n in the external diameter department of front end cover of the said spindle; the flange step of the main shaft rotating shaft core 3 is provided with a shaft core brake disc 16 which is fastened and connected by bolts; the left side surface of the raised step at the front end part of the inner diameter of the main shaft shell 27 is provided with a fixed assembly band-type brake friction ring 34; the front end cover 26 of the main shaft is provided with a processing channel which conducts the oil pressure interface k of the band-type brake at the outer diameter of the front end cover 26 of the main shaft to an oil seal closed space formed by an annular groove at the right end surface of the front end cover of the main shaft and a band-type brake piston ring, as shown in figures 5 and 9,

seventhly, the front end internal oil pressure band-type brake structure of the high-speed motorized spindle has the following actions: after the main shaft stops rotating and performs directional action, the oil pressure is led into an oil pressure interface k of the band-type brake at the outer diameter of the front end cover 26 of the main shaft, the oil pressure pushes the band-type brake piston ring 31 to move right, the band-type brake piston ring 31 presses the band-type brake friction ring 34 attached to the main shaft shell 27 by the shaft core band-type brake disc 16, so that the main shaft rotating shaft core 3 can bear larger torque when the high-speed electric main shaft is subjected to turning, and the machining precision during the turning is ensured; when the numerical control system controls the electromagnetic valve to switch oil pressure, the band-type brake oil pressure interface k is conducted to the backflow pipeline, the band-type brake piston ring 31 is pushed by the piston ring ejecting spring 32 to move left to separate the shaft core band-type brake disc, the shaft core band-type brake disc 16 elastically separates from the band-type brake friction ring 34 on the main shaft shell, and the main shaft rotating shaft core 3 can rotate.

Eighth, the cooling circulation channel of the high-speed electric spindle is characterized in that the outer diameter of the spindle front end cover 26 is provided with a cooling oil port n, the spindle front end cover 26 and the spindle housing 27 are provided with processing channels, the cooling circulation oil is led in from the cooling oil port n of the outer diameter of the spindle front end cover 26, flows through a circular ring groove in the middle of the outer diameter of the front bearing outer ring partition ring 30, flows into the spindle housing cooling oil groove m as shown in fig. 17 and then flows into a circular ring groove in the middle of the outer diameter of the cooling partition ring 35, flows through the circular ring groove in the middle of the outer diameter of the cooling partition ring 35 and the spindle housing cooling oil groove p as shown in fig. 1 and 18 and then is led into the circular groove of the spindle housing as shown in fig. 2 and 17, the outer diameter of the spindle housing is provided with an oil seal groove, the assembly housing oil seal 28 seals a gap between the spindle housing and a spindle mounting hole on the spindle mounting body v, and flows back to the cooling oil tank from the spindle cooling oil outlet q of the spindle mounting body v after flowing through the circular groove of the spindle housing 27, and the front bearing outer ring partition ring 30 and the partition ring 35 are made of materials with high heat conductivity coefficients, and the processing heat can be effectively conducted to the cooling oil.

Ninth, the high-speed motorized spindle bearing is lubricated by oil gas, and the front end angular contact ball bearing 14 is lubricated: the outer diameter of the front end cover 26 of the main shaft is provided with an oil-gas lubrication interface z for introducing oil-gas lubrication, the front end cover 26 of the main shaft is provided with a processing channel, the introduced oil-gas enters the raceways of the two groups of angular contact ball bearings 14, and then is discharged from a framework labyrinth dust seal 25 arranged in a groove in the inner diameter of the gland 24 of the outer ring of the front bearing; lubrication of the rear roller bearing 20: the right end face of the main shaft rear end cover 29 is provided with an oil-gas lubrication interface y and two exhaust ports o, the main shaft rear end cover 29 is provided with a processing channel, the oil-gas lubrication interface is communicated with an annular groove of a roller bearing 20 mounting hole site, the outer ring of the roller bearing 25 is provided with a hole, oil gas can be led into a roller bearing raceway to lubricate the bearing, the main shaft rear end cover 29 is also provided with a processing channel, the two exhaust ports o are respectively communicated with the front space and the rear space of the roller bearing raceway, and lubricated gas can be discharged.

Tenth, the electric signal of the high-speed electric spindle is complete and accurate, and the three-phase power supply quick connector h of the electric spindle is arranged on the rear end cover of the spindle, so that the three-phase power supply can be quickly connected and matched, and the contact is stable; a temperature sensing detection head j is arranged, and the temperature of the monitored motorized spindle is fed back to the system; the system is provided with a main shaft rotation induction coder i, a rotating speed induction fluted disc 22 and a main shaft orientation induction disc 23 which are used for inducing the rear end of a main shaft rotation shaft core 3, feeding back the main shaft rotation speed to the system and accurately orienting the main shaft; the three signal feedback parts of the cutter loosening oil cylinder comprise cutter loosening sensing signals e, cutter pulling in-place sensing signals f and main shaft blank sensing signals g, the outer diameter edges of the cutter loosening bearing disc 12 are sensed, and very accurate signals of the main shaft end cutter holding state can be fed back to a numerical control system.

Eleven, the broach mechanism of the high-speed motorized spindle can also keep the HSK handle stably clamped in the front taper hole of the spindle rotating shaft core in a cutter loosening state, 1, the wave spring ring 48 of the self-locking reinforcement type pulling claw 4 pushes and pulls the claw separating ring 44 by taking the inner diameter step surface of the spindle rotating shaft core as a fulcrum, and the separating ring 44 pushes the six-petal pulling claw sheets 42 to be in an open state and still can clamp the HSK handle 1;2, the radial symmetry of taper hole part has two holes before the main shaft rotation axis core, has installation HSK handle steel ball spring card 2 in the hole, and HSK handle steel ball spring card 2 includes the steel ball, pushes away the spring, spring housing triplex, HSK handle taper shank external diameter has two holes of symmetry, and behind the assembly of HSK handle 1 in place, the steel ball was pushed away by partial top in two holes of HSK handle 1 taper shank external diameter symmetry, and this HSK handle steel ball spring card 2 of loose sword state still can stable card HSK handle, guarantees quick automatic tool changing's stability, prevents when manual tool changing that the manual handle of a knife is untimely, and the handle of a knife drops and damages the cutter, and just when manual tool changing need not two people cooperation just can tear open the sword.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature, and in the description of the invention, "a plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically and clearly defined.

In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made in the above embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims

1. High-speed electric spindle applied to turning and milling combined five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool, and the high-speed electric spindle structure is applicable to an adaptive HSK tool systemThe self-locking reinforcement type pulling claw of the system comprises a loosening cutter cylinder which integrates the functions of loosening cutters and rotating joints, and an oil pressure band-type brake structure is arranged in the front end of a main shaft, and is characterized in that the high-speed electric main shaft structure is mainly divided into three parts, namely a main shaft rotating part, a main shaft shell part and a loosening cutter cylinder part, the main shaft rotating part is mainly a main shaft rotating core (3) as shown in a figure (6), an HSK cutter handle (1), an HSK cutter handle steel ball spring clamp (2), a self-locking reinforcement type pulling claw (4), a pulling claw connecting shaft (5), a pulling cutter rod (6), two groups of disc spring pads (7), two groups of disc spring groups (8), a pulling cutter rod connecting sleeve (9), a rotating shaft core rear end cover (11), six loose cutter bearing disc connecting shafts (10) and a loose cutter bearing pressing disc (12) are sequentially assembled in an inner diameter hole of the main shaft rotating core (3), the front end of the main shaft rotating part is partially enlarged as shown in a figure (7), the rear end of the main shaft rotating part is partially enlarged as shown in a figure (8), an HSK knife handle (1) is assembled in a front taper hole of a main shaft rotating shaft core, the HSK knife handle (1) is internally tensioned by a self-locking reinforcement type pull claw (4) until the taper shank and a flange surface of the HSK knife handle (1) are contacted with a taper hole and a front end of a main shaft rotating shaft core (3), two holes are radially symmetrically formed in the front taper hole of the main shaft rotating shaft core (3), an HSK knife handle steel ball spring clamp (2) is arranged in the holes, the HSK knife handle steel ball spring clamp (2) comprises steel balls, pushing springs and spring sleeves, wherein two symmetrical holes are formed in the outer diameter of a taper shank of the HSK shank (1), after the HSK shank is assembled in place, steel balls are pushed into the two symmetrical holes in the outer diameter of the HSK shank by partial pushing, and the self-locking reinforcement type pull claw (4) is structurally divided into eight parts: the self-locking boosting type pull claw comprises a pull claw shaft (41), six-petal pull claw sheets (42), an annular spring (43), a pull claw separating ring (44), a guide copper nut (45), a U-shaped oil seal (46), a through hole non-head inner hexagonal bolt (47) and a wave spring ring (48), wherein the self-locking boosting type pull claw is in a self-locking boosting type pull claw shape as shown in a figure (12), and the self-locking boosting type pull claw is in a self-locking boosting type pull claw structure as shown in a figure (13); the outer diameter of the left end of the pull claw connecting shaft (5) is in threaded connection with the middle inner diameter of the pull claw shaft (41) of the self-locking reinforcement type pull claw (4), the outer diameter of the left end of the pull cutter rod (6) is in threaded connection with the inner diameter of the right end of the pull claw connecting shaft (5), the pull cutter rod pulls the pull claw connecting shaft towards the rear end of the main shaft rotating shaft core (3), the pull claw connecting shaft (5) tightens the self-locking reinforcement type pull claw (4), and the inner diameter of the pull cutter rod connecting sleeve (9) is in threaded connection with the outer diameter of the right end of the pull cutter rod (6) The method comprises the steps that a broach rod penetrates through two disc spring gaskets (7) and two groups of disc spring groups (8) from central holes, the compressed disc spring groups (8) penetrate through the disc spring gaskets (7), an inner hole step of a main shaft rotary shaft core (3) is taken as a supporting point, a broach rod connecting sleeve (9) is pushed, so that pulling force of a broach rod (6) to a broach connecting shaft (5) is kept, the broach connecting shaft (5) is connected to pull a self-locking reinforcement type broach (4) towards the rear end of the main shaft, the outer diameter threads of a rear end cover (11) of a rotary shaft core are connected with inner threads of a rear end hole of the main shaft rotary shaft core (3), the front ends of six loose cutter bearing disc connecting shafts (10) are connected with the threads of the broach rod connecting sleeve (9), six through holes are uniformly distributed in the axial direction of the rear end cover (11) of the rotary shaft core, the rear ends of the loose cutter bearing disc connecting shafts (10) are fixedly connected with loose cutter bearing disc (12) through bolts, the six through holes of the rear end cover (11) of the rotary shaft core are also tightly connected with screw threads of the rear end cover (11), and the inner threads of the four screw threads of the main shaft core (3) are tightly connected with the inner threads of the main shaft core (3); the outer diameter of the main shaft rotating shaft core (3) is sequentially provided with a front end bearing inner ring locking disc (13), an angular contact ball bearing (14), an inner ring spacing ring (15), the angular contact ball bearing (14), a shaft core brake disc (16), an electric main shaft rotor (17), a balance disc (18), a rear bearing inner ring front spacing ring (19), a roller bearing (20), a rear bearing inner ring rear spacing ring (21), a rotating speed sensing fluted disc (22) and a main shaft directional sensing disc (23), the inner diameter of the front end bearing inner ring locking disc (13) is in threaded connection with the front end of the outer diameter of the main shaft rotating shaft core (3), the inner ring of the angular contact ball bearing (14) is axially positioned by the step of the outer diameter of the main shaft rotating shaft core (3), front end bearing inner ring locking disc (13) axially compresses tightly inner rings of two angular contact ball bearings (14) and inner ring spacing rings (15) between the two inner rings, and axial fixation of the inner rings of the two angular contact ball bearings is completed, a flange step of a main shaft rotating shaft core (3) is provided with a mounting shaft core brake disc (16), bolts are fastened and connected, an electric main shaft rotor (17) and a balance disc (18) are mounted in an interference manner in the middle of the main shaft rotating shaft core, a right end step of the main shaft rotating shaft core is axially positioned, a rear bearing inner ring front spacing ring (19), a roller bearing (20), a rear bearing inner ring rear spacing ring (21) and a rotating speed sensing fluted disc are sequentially mounted in a rear bearing inner ring front spacing ring (19) and a rear bearing inner ring rear spacing ring (21) in a rear order (22) The outer circle of threaded holes on the rear end cover of the rotating shaft core are provided with four outer circle screw tightening bolts (40), as shown in a figure (11), the rear end face of the main shaft directional induction disc (23) is propped forwards axially to finish the axial fixation of the inner circle of the roller bearing, axial tooth grooves are uniformly distributed on the outer diameter circumference of the rotating speed induction fluted disc (22), an axial small key groove is formed on the outer diameter circumference of the main shaft directional induction disc (23), the front end structure diagram of the main shaft rotating part is enlarged, as shown in a figure (7), and the rear end structure diagram of the main shaft rotating part is enlarged, as shown in a figure (8); secondly, the main shaft shell part structure mainly comprises a main shaft shell (27), a main shaft front end cover (26) and a main shaft rear end cover (29), wherein the partial enlarged view of the main shaft front end cover (26) is shown as (10), a raised step is arranged in the middle of an inner hole of the main shaft front end cover (26), the inner holes on two sides of the step are angular contact ball bearing outer ring mounting holes, the axial positioning steps of the angular contact ball bearing outer ring are arranged on the side surfaces on two sides of the step, a threaded hole is arranged on the end surface of the main shaft front end cover (26), a front bearing outer ring gland (24) is fastened and mounted by bolts, the front bearing outer ring gland axially compresses the angular contact ball bearing outer ring, a mounting framework labyrinth dust seal (25) is arranged in a groove on the inner diameter of the front bearing outer ring gland, the inner diameter of the step part of the inner hole middle bulge of the front end cover of the main shaft is provided with a front bearing outer ring spacing ring (30), the middle of the outer diameter of the front bearing outer ring spacing ring is provided with a circular ring groove, an oil seal is arranged between the outer diameters of two sides of the circular ring groove and the inner diameter of the step part of the inner hole middle bulge of the front end cover (27) of the main shaft, the front bearing outer ring spacing ring (30) is made of materials with high heat conductivity, the circular ring groove of the outer diameter is internally provided with cooling circulation oil for circulating flow, the right end surface of the front end cover (26) of the main shaft is provided with an annular groove, the groove is internally provided with an assembled band-type brake piston ring (31), a piston snap ring (33), a piston ring ejecting spring (32), the piston snap ring is axially provided with a snap ring spacing, the upper surface and the lower surface of the annular groove of the right end surface of the front end cover (26) of the band-type brake piston ring (33) are provided with oil seal seals, the external diameter of the main shaft front end cover (26) is provided with a band-type brake oil pressure interface (k), a cooling oil interface (n) and an oil-gas lubrication interface (z), the internal diameter front end part of the main shaft shell (27) is provided with a raised step, the left side of the raised step is provided with an inner hole at the front end part of the main shaft shell, the main shaft front end cover (26) is assembled, the flange surface of the main shaft front end cover (26) is provided with a countersunk bolt hole, the front end surface of the main shaft shell (27) is provided with a threaded hole, and the two parts are used The front side of a raised step at the front end part of the inner diameter of the main shaft shell (27) is fixedly provided with a band-type brake friction ring (34), the inner diameter at the raised step is provided with a heat dissipation spacer ring (35), a small step is axially positioned, a circular ring groove is arranged in the middle of the outer diameter of the heat dissipation spacer ring (35), oil seal is arranged between the outer diameters of two sides of the circular ring groove and the inner diameter of the raised step at the front end of the inner diameter of the main shaft shell (27), the heat dissipation spacer ring (35) is processed by materials with high heat conductivity, cooling circulating oil circularly flows in the circular ring groove of the outer diameter, the right side of the raised step is an inner hole at the middle part of the main shaft shell (27), the inner hole at the middle of the main shaft shell (27) is provided with an electric main shaft stator coil (36), the right end surface of the main shaft shell (27) is provided with a threaded hole, and a bolt hole is formed at the edge of the outer diameter of the main shaft rear end cover (29) which is tightly connected by the two bolts; the inner hole of the main shaft rear end cover is provided with a roller bearing installation hole site, the right side of the installation hole site is provided with a bearing outer ring positioning step, the left side of the installation hole is provided with a roller bearing outer ring gland (37), the two bolt (38) are tightly connected, the roller bearing outer ring is axially fixed by the roller bearing installation hole site right positioning step of the main shaft rear end cover and the roller bearing outer ring gland (37), the right view of the main shaft rear end cover is shown as a figure (11), the right end surface of the main shaft rear end cover (29) is provided with three-phase power supply quick connectors (h), a temperature sensing detection head (j), two oil gas lubrication interfaces (y), two exhaust ports (o) and a main shaft rotary induction encoder (i), each three-phase power supply quick connector (h) is communicated with one outer lead of an electric main shaft stator coil (36), the temperature sensing detection head (j) detects a main shaft temperature feedback signal, a processing channel is formed in the rear end cover of the main shaft, an oil-gas lubrication interface (y) is communicated with an annular groove of a roller bearing installation hole, a hole is formed in the outer ring of the roller bearing, gas-liquid mixed lubricating oil can be led into a roller path of the roller bearing to lubricate the bearing, the rear end cover (29) of the main shaft is also provided with the processing channel, two exhaust ports (o) are respectively communicated with the front space and the rear space of the roller bearing roller path, the lubricated gas can be discharged, the main shaft rotary sensing encoder (i) senses a rotary speed sensing fluted disc (22) and a main shaft directional sensing disc (23) which are arranged at the rear end of a main shaft rotary shaft core, and signals of the main shaft rotary speed and a main shaft directional position are fed back to a numerical control system; three steps of, the external shape of the cutter loosening oil cylinder is shown in figure (14), the structure cross-section is shown in figures (15) and (16), The structure of the cutter loosening oil cylinder part is divided into three parts: the cutter loosening oil cylinder is divided into an oil cylinder shell (49), an oil cylinder end cover (50) and a cutter loosening piston ring (51), the contact surface between any two oil seals are sealed, bolts between the oil cylinder shell (49) and the oil cylinder end cover (50) are connected and fastened, a flange step which is convenient for installing the cutter loosening oil cylinder is arranged on the oil cylinder shell, an installing bolt hole is arranged on the oil cylinder shell, two notches are formed in the flange step end of the oil cylinder shell (49), a rotating speed feedback encoder is convenient to match with a high-speed spindle, a broach oil pressure interface (d) is arranged on the outer diameter of the oil cylinder shell, a direct oil cylinder is directly connected, a signal feedback part is arranged, and a cutter loosening oil pressure interface is arranged on the oil cylinder end coverThe high-pressure water port (b) and the air source port (a) are provided with an oil pressure channel to the oil cylinder, a high-pressure water channel and an air source channel to the rotary joint part, the high-pressure water channel and the air source channel are provided with a check valve (57) for preventing reverse backflow, and a notch which is one third of the peripheral length of the outer edge of an end cover (50) of the oil cylinder is arranged at the inlet of the channel, so that the power line can be conveniently matched with the high-speed main shaft to be connected; the rotary joint part is arranged in a central hole of the oil cylinder end cover, the rotary joint part is provided with a floating seal sleeve (53), a static friction seal ring (54), a dynamic friction seal ring (55), a rotary joint shaft (56), a bearing (59), a bearing mounting disc (58), a pushing spring (52), a floating seal sleeve bayonet lock (61) and bolts (60), the floating seal sleeve (53) is provided with a static friction seal ring (54) fixedly arranged, an oil seal is arranged between the outer diameter of the floating seal sleeve (53) and the inner diameter of the central hole of the oil cylinder end cover, two bolts (60) are axially connected between the bearing mounting disc (58) and the oil cylinder end cover, an oil seal is arranged between the outer diameter and the inner hole of the oil cylinder end cover, the bearing (59) is arranged in the inner hole of the bearing mounting disc (58), an axial clamp spring is fixed, the bearing inner ring is assembled on the outer diameter of the rotary joint shaft (56), the dynamic friction seal ring (55) is fixedly arranged at the shaft end of the rotary joint shaft (56), the dynamic friction seal ring (55) at the shaft end of the rotary joint shaft is in contact with the static friction seal ring (54) on the floating seal sleeve (53), the contact surface of the static friction seal ring is a precise mirror, and the static seal ring is connected with the static seal ring on the floating seal sleeve (53), and the static channel part of the sealing seal ring and the floating seal ring is ) The constant contact of the static friction sealing ring and the dynamic friction sealing ring is ensured, the outer diameter of the floating seal sleeve bayonet lock (61) is provided with threads and is connected with a threaded hole of an oil cylinder end cover, the unthreaded part at the front end of the floating seal sleeve bayonet lock (61) is clamped at a U-shaped notch with symmetrical flange faces of the outer diameter steps of the floating seal sleeve (53), and the floating seal sleeve (53) is clamped to not rotate along with the rotary joint shaft (56); the three signal feedback parts comprise a cutter loosening induction signal (e), a cutter pulling in-place induction signal (f) and a main shaft blank induction signal (g), and each signal feedback part comprises a proximity induction switch, a mounting plate and two mounting bolts; the two angular contact ball bearing (14) outer rings at the front end of the main shaft rotating part are assembled to two bearing installation positions of an inner hole of a main shaft front end cover (26) separated by a middle bulge, the roller bearing (20) outer ring at the rear end of the main shaft rotating part is assembled to the inner hole bearing installation position of a main shaft rear end cover (29), the bearing outer rings are radial and completely restrained in the axial direction, the cutter loosening cylinder is integrally installed to the right end face of the main shaft rear end cover, the right end face of the main shaft rear end cover (29) is provided with a circular bulge step which is matched with a flange step of a cylinder shell, the main shaft rear end cover (29) is provided with an installation threaded hole, and the main shaft rear end cover (26) is connected with the circular bulge step by bolts.

2. The high-speed motorized spindle applied to the turning-milling composite five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that a self-locking reinforcement type pull claw (4) adaptive to an HSK tool system is applied, and the self-locking reinforcement type pull claw (4) is structurally divided into eight parts: the claw pulling device comprises a claw pulling shaft (41), six claw pulling sheets (42), an annular spring (43), a claw pulling separation ring (44), a guide copper nut (45), a U-shaped oil seal (46), a through hole non-head inner hexagonal bolt (47) and a wave spring ring (48).

3. The high-speed motorized spindle applied to the turning-milling composite five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that the broach mechanism comprises a spindle rotating shaft core (3), an HSK tool handle (1), an HSK tool handle steel ball spring clamp (2), a self-locking reinforcement type pulling claw (4), a pulling claw connecting shaft (5), a broach rod (6), two disc spring gaskets (7), two disc spring groups (8), a broach rod connecting sleeve (9), a rotating shaft core rear end cover (11), six loose cutter bearing disc connecting shafts (10) and a loose cutter bearing disc (12), wherein the whole self-locking reinforcement type pulling claw (4) and the HSK tool handle (1) are in a self-locking wedging state in a tensioning cutter state, and six-petal pulling claw pieces (42) are uniformly separated by a pulling claw separating ring (44), so that excellent high-speed rotation dynamic balance characteristics can be obtained; the self-locking reinforcement type pulling claw has reinforcement function, the pulling force of the six-petal pulling claw sheet (42) on the HSK cutter handle (1) is enough to enable the front taper hole of the main shaft rotating shaft core (3) to elastically deform, the HSK cutter handle (1) axially moves slightly towards the rear end of the main shaft until the flange surface of the HSK cutter handle (1) contacts with the front end surface of the main shaft rotating shaft core (3), and two surfaces of the HSK cutter handle system are contacted.

4. The high-speed motorized spindle for the turning and milling combined five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that a cutter loosening oil cylinder with a cutter loosening function and a rotary joint function is applied, and the cutter loosening oil cylinder part structure is divided into three parts: the cutter loosening oil cylinder comprises an oil cylinder shell (49), an oil cylinder end cover (50) and a cutter loosening piston ring (51), wherein the outer diameter of the oil cylinder shell is provided with a cutter loosening oil pressure interface (d) which is communicated with the oil cylinder, a signal feedback part is arranged on the oil cylinder end cover, a cutter loosening oil pressure interface (c), a high-pressure water interface (b) and an air source interface (a) are arranged on the oil cylinder end cover, an oil pressure channel is arranged on the oil cylinder, a high-pressure water channel is arranged on the air source channel, the air source channel is arranged on the rotating joint part, a check valve (57) for preventing reverse backflow is arranged at the inlet of the channel, the rotating joint part is arranged in a central hole of the oil cylinder end cover, the rotating joint part is provided with a floating sealing sleeve (53), a static friction sealing ring (54), a dynamic friction sealing ring (55), a rotating joint shaft (56), a bearing (59), a bearing mounting disc (58), a pushing spring (52) and a floating clamping pin (61), and bolts (60), and the signal feedback part comprises three parts including a cutter loosening sensing signal (e), a cutter positioning sensing signal (f) and a main shaft idle cutter sensing signal (g), and each signal feedback part comprises a proximity sensing switch, and mounting plates.

5. The high-speed motorized spindle applied to the turning and milling composite five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the high-pressure cutting water channel is formed by: during cutting, the broach mechanism is in a tensioning knife state, a high-pressure cutting water channel is a high-pressure water interface (b), a one-way valve (57), an oil cylinder end cover channel, a static friction sealing ring (54), a dynamic friction sealing ring (55), a rotary joint shaft (56) central hole, a rotary shaft core rear end cover (11) central hole, a broach rod (6) central hole, a broach connecting shaft (5) central hole, a static friction sealing ring (54), a dynamic friction sealing ring (55), a broach connecting shaft high-pressure water channel (w), an inner hole groove of a main shaft rotary shaft core (3), a broach connecting shaft high-pressure water channel(s), a broach connecting shaft (41) central hole to an HSK knife handle (1) central hole, and then to a knife central hole high-pressure blowout, oil seal sealing is arranged at a channel joint, and at the moment, the broach connecting shaft air source channel (u) is not aligned with an inlet of a main shaft core air injection channel (x), and is in a closed state, namely in the broach state.

6. The high-speed motorized spindle applied to a turning and milling composite five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the air source channel is characterized by comprising: when the five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool is automatically changed, and the spindle broach mechanism is in a tool loosening state, as shown in fig. 18, the air source channel is an air source interface (a), a one-way valve (57), an oil cylinder end cover channel, a static friction sealing ring (54), a dynamic friction sealing ring (55), a rotary joint shaft (56) center hole, a rotary shaft core rear end cover (11) center hole, a broach rod (6) center hole, a pull claw connecting shaft (5) center hole, a pull claw connecting shaft air source channel (u), a spindle rotary shaft core air injection channel (x) and a small hole blown out to the front end surface of the spindle rotary shaft core and a taper hole, oil seal sealing is arranged at the channel joint, and at the moment, the pull claw connecting shaft high-pressure water channel(s) staggers the position of an inner hole of the spindle rotary shaft core (3), namely the tool loosening state high-pressure cutting water channel is closed.

7. The high-speed electric spindle applied to the turning-milling composite five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool is characterized in that an oil pressure band-type brake structure is arranged in the front end, an annular groove is formed in the right end face of a front end cover (26) of the spindle, a band-type brake piston ring (31) is assembled in the groove, a piston clamping ring (33) and a piston ring ejecting spring (32) are arranged in the groove in an axial mode, clamping springs are arranged in the piston clamping ring in a limiting mode in the axial direction, oil seal sealing is arranged between the band-type brake piston ring and the upper surface and the lower surface of the annular groove in the right end face of the front end cover (26) of the spindle, and an oil pressure interface (n) is arranged at the outer diameter of the front end cover of the spindle; the flange step of the main shaft rotating shaft core (3) is provided with a shaft core locking disc (16) which is fastened and connected by bolts; the left side surface of the raised step at the front end part of the inner diameter of the main shaft shell (27) is provided with a fixed assembly band-type brake friction ring (34); the main shaft front end cover (26) is provided with a processing channel, and an oil seal closed space formed by an annular groove and a band-type brake piston ring is communicated from a band-type brake oil pressure interface (k) at the outer diameter of the main shaft front end cover (26) to the right end surface of the main shaft front end cover, as shown in figures (5) and (9).

8. The high-speed motorized spindle applied to the turning and milling combined five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the oil pressure band-type brake structure performs the following actions: after the main shaft stops rotating and performs directional action, an oil pressure is led into an oil pressure interface (k) of the band-type brake at the outer diameter of the front end cover (26) of the main shaft, the oil pressure pushes a band-type brake piston ring (31) to move rightwards, the band-type brake piston ring (31) presses a band-type brake friction ring (34) attached to a main shaft shell (27) by a shaft core band-type brake disc (16), and the main shaft rotating shaft core (3) can bear larger torque when the high-speed electric main shaft is subjected to turning processing, so that the processing precision during the turning processing is ensured; when the numerical control system controls the electromagnetic valve to switch oil pressure, after the band-type brake oil pressure interface (k) is conducted to the backflow pipeline, the band-type brake piston ring (31) is pushed by the piston ring ejecting spring (32) to move left to separate the shaft core band-type brake disc (16), the shaft core band-type brake disc (16) elastically separates from the band-type brake friction ring (34) on the main shaft shell, and the main shaft rotating shaft core (3) can rotate.

9. The high-speed electric spindle for the turning and milling combined five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the cooling and circulating channel is characterized in that the outer diameter of the spindle front end cover (26) is provided with a cooling oil interface (n), the spindle front end cover (26) and the spindle housing (27) are provided with processing channels, cooling circulating oil is led in from the cooling oil interface (n) of the outer diameter of the spindle front end cover (26), flows through a channel communicated with the spindle housing (27) through the spindle front end cover (26) after flowing through a circular ring groove in the middle of the outer diameter of the front bearing outer ring spacing ring (30), flows into a circular ring groove in the middle of the outer diameter of the spindle housing (35) after flowing into the cooling oil groove (m) of the spindle housing, flows through the circular ring groove in the middle of the outer diameter of the cooling spacing ring (35) as shown in figures (1) and (18), is led into an annular groove of the spindle housing after being led in the spindle housing (18), is led in an oil seal groove as shown in figures (2) and (17), the outer diameter of the spindle housing is provided with an oil seal groove, the assembly housing (28) seals an annular groove between the spindle housing and a spindle mounting hole on the spindle housing (v) and the spindle housing (v) is processed by the cooling oil from the cooling oil channel (35) after flowing back to the cooling oil channel (35) and the spindle housing (35) has a high heat conduction coefficient, can effectively transfer heat to the cooling oil.

10. The high-speed motorized spindle applied to the turning and milling composite five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that oil-gas lubrication is adopted, and lubrication of a front-end angular contact ball bearing (14) is adopted: the outer diameter of the front end cover (26) of the main shaft is provided with an oil-gas lubrication interface (z) for introducing oil-gas lubrication, the front end cover (26) of the main shaft is provided with a processing channel, the introduced oil-gas enters the raceways of the two groups of angular contact ball bearings (14) and is discharged from a framework labyrinth dust seal (25) arranged in the inner diameter groove of the gland (24) of the outer ring of the front bearing; lubrication of the rear end roller bearing (20): the novel main shaft rear end cover (29) is characterized in that an oil-gas lubrication interface (y) and two exhaust ports (o) are formed in the right end face of the main shaft rear end cover (29), the main shaft rear end cover (29) is provided with a processing channel, the oil-gas lubrication interface is communicated with an annular groove of a roller bearing (20) mounting hole, the outer ring of the roller bearing (25) is provided with a hole, oil gas can be led into a roller bearing raceway to lubricate the bearing, the main shaft rear end cover (29) is also provided with the processing channel, the two exhaust ports are respectively communicated with the front space and the rear space of the roller bearing raceway, and lubricated gas can be discharged.

11. The high-speed electric spindle applied to the turning and milling composite five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool is characterized in that electric signals are complete and accurate, a three-phase power supply quick connector (h) of the electric spindle is arranged on a rear end cover of the spindle, a three-phase power supply can be quickly connected and matched, and the contact is stable; a temperature sensing detection head (j) is arranged, and the temperature of the monitored motorized spindle is fed back to the system; the device is provided with a main shaft rotation induction coder (i), a rotation speed induction fluted disc (22) and a main shaft orientation induction disc (23) which are used for inducing the rear end of a main shaft rotation shaft core (3), feeding back the main shaft rotation speed to the system and accurately orienting the main shaft; the three signal feedback parts of the cutter loosening oil cylinder comprise cutter loosening sensing signals (e), broaching in-place sensing signals (f) and main shaft blank sensing signals (g), the outer diameter edges of the cutter loosening bearing disc (12) are sensed, and very accurate signals of the main shaft end cutter holding state can be fed back to a numerical control system.

12. The high-speed electric spindle applied to the turning-milling composite five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool is characterized in that the broach mechanism can keep the HSK tool shank stably clamped in a front taper hole of a spindle rotating shaft core in a loose state, 1, a wave spring ring (48) of the self-locking reinforcement type pulling claw (4) pushes and pulls a claw separating ring (44) by taking an inner diameter step surface of the spindle rotating shaft core (3) as a fulcrum, and the separating ring (44) pushes and pulls six-piece pulling claw sheets (42) to be in an open state and still clamp the HSK tool shank; 2, taper hole part radial symmetry has two holes before the main shaft rotation axis core, has installation HSK handle of a knife steel ball spring card (2) in the hole, and HSK handle of a knife steel ball spring card (2) are including the steel ball, push spring, spring housing triplex, HSK handle of a knife (1) taper shank external diameter has two holes of symmetry, and after HSK handle of a knife (1) assembled in place, in the steel ball was pushed into two holes of HSK handle of a knife taper shank external diameter symmetry by partial top, this HSK handle of a knife steel ball spring card (2) still can be stable to block HSK handle of a knife (1) of a knife loosening state, guarantees the stability of quick automatic tool changing.

13. The high-speed motorized spindle for the turning and milling combined five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that an assembly balance disc (18) is arranged on a spindle rotating shaft core, and a dynamic balance test is performed in advance before the spindle rotating part is assembled into the high-speed motorized spindle, so that the mass can be accurately balanced on the balance disc (18).