CN115736131A - Penaeus vannamei parent feed additive and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Penaeus vannamei parent feed additive and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115736131A CN115736131A CN202211330284.1A CN202211330284A CN115736131A CN 115736131 A CN115736131 A CN 115736131A CN 202211330284 A CN202211330284 A CN 202211330284A CN 115736131 A CN115736131 A CN 115736131A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
The invention discloses a penaeus vannamei parent feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof. A parent feed additive for Penaeus vannamei Boone comprises the following components: fish meal, kelp powder, vitamin E acetate, haematococcus pluvialis powder, calcium lactate, arachidonic acid grease and water. The feed additive for the parent penaeus vannamei boone provided by the invention can improve the egg laying frequency of parent penaeus vannamei boone and reduce the usage amount of biological bait, thereby reducing the biological safety risk and stabilizing the water quality, and has good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquatic shrimp feed additives, in particular to a penaeus vannamei parent feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The penaeus vannamei boone is an important high-value aquaculture economic species in China, and the demand for young penaeus vannamei boone is huge. The penaeus vannamei boone can lay eggs for 3-4 times in one breeding cycle, and the requirements of parent shrimp culture and breeding operation in the breeding cycle on water body, environment and manpower are high. Research shows that for the species of the penaeus vannamei which is bred for multiple times in one breeding cycle, the breeding times have no influence on the physical indexes and the quality of offspring, so the more the number of spawning times in one breeding cycle is, the higher the production efficiency is.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a parent feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone, which can improve the egg laying frequency of the penaeus vannamei boone in unit time, improve the production efficiency and reduce the breeding cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a penaeus vannamei parent feed additive in a first aspect, which comprises the following components: fish meal, kelp powder, vitamin E acetate, haematococcus pluvialis powder, calcium lactate, arachidonic acid grease and water.
Preferably, in the penaeus vannamei parent feed additive, the penaeus vannamei parent feed additive comprises, by mass, 35-45 parts of fish meal, 10-20 parts of kelp powder, 3-5 parts of vitamin E acetate, 5-20 parts of haematococcus pluvialis powder, 5-10 parts of calcium lactate and 5-20 parts of arachidonic acid oil.
Further preferably, the penaeus vannamei parent feed additive comprises, by mass, 35-40 parts of fish meal, 15-20 parts of kelp powder, 3-5 parts of vitamin E acetate, 15-20 parts of haematococcus pluvialis powder, 5-10 parts of calcium lactate and 5-20 parts of arachidonic acid oil; still further preferably, the penaeus vannamei parent feed additive comprises, by mass, 40 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of kelp powder, 3 parts of vitamin E acetate, 20 parts of haematococcus pluvialis powder, 5 parts of calcium lactate and 17 parts of arachidonic acid oil.
Preferably, the water content of the parent feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone is 3-5%; further preferably, the water content of the parent feed additive of the penaeus vannamei boone is 3.5-4.5%; still further preferably, the water content of the parent feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone is 4%.
Preferably, the particle size of the parent feed additive of the penaeus vannamei boone is less than or equal to 100 mu m; further preferably, the particle size of the parent feed additive of the penaeus vannamei boone is less than or equal to 75 mu m.
The second aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of the parent feed additive for penaeus vannamei, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing fish meal, kelp powder, vitamin E acetate, haematococcus pluvialis powder and calcium lactate, and crushing to obtain a component A;
(2) Mixing arachidonic acid oil and water, and emulsifying to obtain component B;
(3) And mixing the component A and the component B, drying and crushing to obtain the parent feed additive for the penaeus vannamei boone.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the parent feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone, in the step (1), the particle size of the component A is less than or equal to 75 mu m.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the parent feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone, in the step (2), the volume ratio of arachidonic acid oil and water is 1: (5-20).
Preferably, in the preparation method of the parent feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone, in the step (2), the specific operation of emulsification is stirring, the stirring speed is 450-500r/min, and the stirring time is 8-15min.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the parent feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone, in the step (2), the emulsion of the component B is sprayed onto the component A through an atomizing nozzle to obtain a preformed product, and the preformed product is dried to obtain the parent feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone.
The third aspect of the invention provides an application of the parent feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone in preparation of a feed for penaeus vannamei boone.
The fourth aspect of the invention provides a parent feed for penaeus vannamei boone, and the components of the feed comprise the parent feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone; the content of the parent feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone is 5-15wt%.
Preferably, in the application of the parent feed additive of the penaeus vannamei boone in preparing the feed for the penaeus vannamei boone, the content of the parent feed additive of the penaeus vannamei boone is 5-10wt%.
Preferably, the parent feed for penaeus vannamei boone further comprises a basic feed, and the basic feed comprises the following components in parts by mass: 40-60 parts of white fish meal, 10-25 parts of antarctic krill powder, 5-15 parts of squid hydrolysate, 3-7 parts of wheat gluten, 5-9 parts of flour, 0.05-0.3 part of choline chloride, 3-5 parts of soybean lecithin and 1-3 parts of fish oil.
Further preferably, the basic feed further comprises a mineral premix special for penaeus vannamei boone and a vitamin premix special for penaeus vannamei boone.
Further preferably, the basal feed comprises the following components: 50-55 parts of white fish meal, 15-20 parts of antarctic krill powder, 8-12 parts of squid hydrolysate, 3-7 parts of wheat gluten, 5-9 parts of flour, 0.05-0.3 part of choline chloride, 3-5 parts of soybean lecithin, 1-3 parts of fish oil, 0.9-1.1 parts of a mineral premix special for penaeus vannamei, and 0.1-0.3 part of a vitamin premix special for penaeus vannamei.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. aiming at the problem of high oxidative stress level in the parent gametogenesis process, the penaeus vannamei parent feed additive selects the raw materials with strong oxidation resistance, such as haematococcus pluvialis powder, vitamin E acetate, arachidonic acid and the like, and reduces free radicals generated in the metabolic process in the penaeus vannamei gametogenesis process. Meanwhile, arachidonic acid is one of long-chain highly unsaturated fatty acids, is an important component of gametes, and is beneficial to promoting nutrient accumulation of parent gonads of the penaeus vannamei boone, shortening a breeding interval and improving seedling raising benefits.
2. The kelp powder can improve the immunity of the parent penaeus vannamei during the gonad development process.
3. The invention ensures that the nutrition level of the feed is improved or not reduced after the compound feed is mixed with the feed by compounding each functional component and the fish meal, and ensures the nutrition accumulation in the parent shrimp gonad development process.
4. The feed additive for the parent penaeus vannamei boone can be used in the breeding of the parent penaeus vannamei boone, is beneficial to improving the feed use proportion in the production process of the parent penaeus vannamei boone, and avoids the negative influence on a water body caused by using a large amount of natural biological bait.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. It should be noted that the following examples are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention.
The starting materials, reagents or apparatuses used in the following examples are conventionally commercially available or can be obtained by conventionally known methods, unless otherwise specified.
Super fish meal in the following examples is peru TASA super steamed fish meal.
Example 1
A parent feed additive for Penaeus vannamei Boone comprises 40g of super fish meal, 17g of kelp powder, 3g of VE acetate, 15g of haematococcus pluvialis powder, 10g of calcium lactate and 5g of arachidonic acid oil.
The preparation method of the feed additive comprises the following steps:
1. accurately weighing super fish meal, kelp powder, VE acetate, haematococcus pluvialis powder and calcium lactate as a component A according to the weight percentage of the components; accurately weighing arachidonic acid oil;
2. micronizing the component A with a micronizer, wherein 100% of the pulverized particles can pass through a 200-mesh screen to obtain superfine powder of the component A;
adding arachidonic acid oil and water into an emulsification tank according to the volume ratio of 1;
3. starting a stirring paddle of the wet-process mixing machine, setting the rotating speed of the stirring paddle to be 200 revolutions per minute, stirring the crushed material of the component A, spraying the emulsion of the component B onto the crushed material of the component A through an atomizing nozzle, wherein the spraying amount is 1 liter, and the spraying time is 5 minutes, so as to obtain an additive preformed product;
4. pumping the wet material of the pre-formed product into a fluidized bed for drying, controlling the water content to be 4%, carrying out superfine grinding on the dried pre-formed product by using a superfine grinder, and enabling the crushed material particles with the grinding fineness of 100% to pass through a 200-mesh screen to obtain an additive finished product.
The finished product is added into the feed for the penaeus vannamei boone according to the proportion of 10 percent.
Example 2
A penaeus vannamei parent feed additive accurately weighs 35g of super fish meal, 20g of kelp powder, 5g of VE acetate, 15g of haematococcus pluvialis powder, 5g of calcium lactate and 20g of arachidonic acid oil.
The preparation method is the same as example 1.
The feed additive is added into the penaeus vannamei feed according to the proportion of 10 percent.
Example 3
A penaeus vannamei parent feed additive accurately weighs 40g of super fish meal, 20g of kelp powder, 3g of VE acetate, 20g of haematococcus pluvialis powder, 5g of calcium lactate and 17g of arachidonic acid oil.
The preparation method is the same as example 1.
The finished product is added into the feed for the penaeus vannamei boone according to the proportion of 10 percent.
Example 4
A penaeus vannamei parent feed additive accurately weighs 40g of super fish meal, 20g of kelp powder, 3g of VE acetate, 20g of haematococcus pluvialis powder, 5g of calcium lactate and 17g of arachidonic acid oil.
The preparation method is the same as that of example 1, except that the ratio of the arachidonic acid oil and water in step 2 is 1.
The finished product is added into the feed for the penaeus vannamei boone according to the proportion of 10 percent.
Example 5
A penaeus vannamei parent feed additive accurately weighs 40g of super fish meal, 20g of kelp powder, 3g of VE acetate, 20g of haematococcus pluvialis powder, 5g of calcium lactate and 17g of arachidonic acid oil.
The preparation method is the same as that of example 1, except that the ratio of the arachidonic acid oil and water in step 2 is 1.
The finished product is added into the feed for the penaeus vannamei boone according to the proportion of 10 percent.
The feed additive can improve the egg laying frequency of the parent of the penaeus vannamei boone, and is explained by combining a specific case.
Materials and methods
Experiment feed: four groups of experimental groups A, B, C, D and E are respectively arranged; a: a basic control group (feeding a compound feed for shrimps produced by a basic formula); b: example 1 group (base formulation (base control formulation) +10wt% of finished additive produced in example 1); c: example 5 group (base formulation (base control formulation) +10wt% of finished additive produced in example 5); d: competitive products (bred-S Penaeus vannamei parent feed (INVE, denmark) produced by INVE, british Wigner company, belgium); e: and (5) carrying out tests on biological baits (squid freezing plates).
The basic control group (in weight percent) was: 52.6% of white fish meal, 18% of antarctic krill meal, 10% of squid hydrolysate, 5% of wheat gluten, 7% of flour, 1% of a mineral premix special for penaeus vannamei, 0.2% of a vitamin premix special for penaeus vannamei, 0.2% of choline chloride (50%), 4% of soybean lecithin and 2% of deep sea fish oil. Wherein, the mineral premix additive special for the south America white shrimps and the vitamin premix additive special for the south America white shrimps are produced by Qing Yuanhai shellfish biotechnology limited. The nutritional levels of the basal control group (group a), example 1 group (group B), example 5 group (group C) and the competitive feed group (group D) are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 analysis of the ingredients of the experimental feeds
| Control group | EXAMPLE 1 group | EXAMPLE 5 group | Competition product | |
| Crude protein% | 53.73 | 53.53 | 52.86 | 40.16 |
| Crude fat% | 15.6 | 15.0 | 14.2 | 10.7 |
| Lysine% | 3.57 | 3.52 | 3.32 | 2.49 |
| Methionine% | 1.53 | 1.54 | 1.48 | 1.06 |
| Threonine% | 2.29 | 2.28 | 2.14 | 1.48 |
| Arachidonic acid% | 0.492 | 0.884 | 3.9 | 2.28 |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid% | 6.31 | 6.27 | 6.4 | 5.72 |
| Docosahexaenoic acid% | 6.28 | 6.27 | 6.35 | 10.5 |
Subjects: 36.5g of female Penaeus vannamei Boone.
Experimental sites and breeding environment: experiment of 0.3m in Tuxi base workshop of Haidian institute 3 The whole test process is carried out according to the normal workshop production flow. Each set was set up with 4 replicates. The daily feeding amount (feed) is 3wt% of biomass in each barrel, and the feeding amount of the biological bait group is 30wt% of biomass in each barrel. Each group had a total of 15 penaeus vannamei boone females with a test period of 35 days.
Monitoring indexes: and observing the gonad development frequency of the female shrimps of the penaeus vannamei during the feeding process. At the end of the test, fasting is carried out for 24 hours, the weight of the female penaeus vannamei boone is measured, and the specific growth rate, the feed efficiency and the survival rate are calculated. The statistical results are shown in table 2. The content of amino acid and fatty acid in the gonad of the experimental animal after anesthesia by using MS222 is determined, and the experimental result is shown in Table 3.
TABLE 2 Effect of different feeds on the growth, feed efficiency, survival rate and frequency of spawning of Penaeus vannamei
| A. Basal control group | B. EXAMPLE 1 group | C. EXAMPLE 5 group | D. Competition set | E. Biological bait | |
| Specific growth Rate (%) | 0.79±0.07 | 0.72±0.13 | 0.88±0.08 | 0.96±0.09 | 0.91±0.09 |
| Material ratio (%) | 5.33±0.51 ab | 5.65±1.28 a | 4.58±0.34 bc | 3.90±0.72 c | 5.90±0.71 a |
| Survival rate (%) | 93.75±12.50 | 100±0.00 | 91.67±16.67 | 91.67±16.67 | 100±0.00 |
| Total frequency of sexual maturity of parent shrimp | 7 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 6 |
Note: data in the table are mean ± standard deviation. Experimental data were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA method. Significance between groups was judged by the Turkey method. Different letters in the same row of data represent significant differences (p < 0.05).
Experiments show that compared with a basic control group, an example 1 group, a competitive product group and a biological bait group, the experimental example 5 group has no significant difference in specific growth rate and survival rate, the feed efficiency is significantly lower than that of the biological bait group and the example 1 group, the material ratio of the basic control group is significantly improved, and the material ratio of the basic control group is not significantly different from that of the competitive product group. Meanwhile, the female shrimps lay eggs more frequently than the basal control group, the competitive product group and the biological bait group, which are the same as those in example 1. Therefore, the additive prepared according to the formulation of example 5 is superior in terms of cost, growth rate of parent shrimp and feed ratio required for practical use when the amount is 10%.
TABLE 3 content of gonadal amino acids and fatty acids in parent Penaeus vannamei Boone
| A. Basal control group | B. EXAMPLE 1 group | C. EXAMPLE 5 group | D. Competition set | E. Biological bait | |
| Methionine% | 1.45 | 1.46 | 1.41 | 1.06 | 1.46 |
| Lysine% | 4.64 | 4.94 | 4.81 | 2.49 | 4.80 |
| Arachidonic acid% | 1.41 | 1.54 | 3.84 | 2.28 | 1.36 |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid% | 11.70 | 11.50 | 10.80 | 5.72 | 11.40 |
| Docosahexaenoic acid% | 10.90 | 9.73 | 11.00 | 10.50 | 23.90 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the arachidonic acid level in the gonads of parent shrimps in the group of example 5 is higher than that of the basal control group, the competitive feed group and the biological feed group, which proves that the nutrition of the feed additive can effectively enter the gonads for accumulation.
In conclusion, the special feed additive for the parent penaeus vannamei boone provided by the invention can improve the feed efficiency, improve the egg laying frequency of the parent penaeus vannamei boone, contribute to improving the feed use proportion in the production process of the parent penaeus vannamei boone, and avoid the negative influence on a water body caused by using a large amount of natural biological bait.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and they are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The parent feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone is characterized by comprising the following components: fish meal, kelp powder, vitamin E acetate, haematococcus pluvialis powder, calcium lactate, arachidonic acid grease and water.
2. The parent feed additive of penaeus vannamei boone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parent feed additive of penaeus vannamei boone comprises, by mass, 35-45 parts of fish meal, 10-20 parts of kelp powder, 3-5 parts of vitamin E acetate, 5-20 parts of haematococcus pluvialis powder, 5-10 parts of calcium lactate and 5-20 parts of arachidonic acid oil and fat.
3. The penaeus vannamei parent feed additive according to claim 2, wherein the penaeus vannamei parent feed additive comprises, by mass, 35-40 parts of fish meal, 15-20 parts of kelp powder, 3-5 parts of vitamin E acetate, 15-20 parts of haematococcus pluvialis powder, 5-10 parts of calcium lactate and 5-20 parts of arachidonic acid oil.
4. The parent feed additive of Penaeus vannamei Boone according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water content of the parent feed additive of Penaeus vannamei Boone is 3-5%.
5. The parent feed additive of Penaeus vannamei according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the particle size of the parent feed additive of Penaeus vannamei is less than or equal to 100 μm.
6. A method for preparing a parent feed additive for Penaeus vannamei Boone according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) Mixing fish meal, kelp powder, vitamin E acetate, haematococcus pluvialis powder and calcium lactate, and crushing to obtain component A;
(2) Mixing arachidonic acid oil and water, and emulsifying to obtain component B;
(3) And mixing the component A and the component B, drying and crushing to obtain the parent feed additive for the penaeus vannamei boone.
7. The method for preparing a parent feed additive for Penaeus vannamei Boone according to claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the volume ratio of arachidonic acid oil and water is 1: (5-20).
8. Use of the parent feed additive of penaeus vannamei according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the preparation of a feed for penaeus vannamei.
9. A parent feed for penaeus vannamei, characterized in that the components of the feed comprise the parent feed additive for penaeus vannamei according to any one of claims 1 to 5; the content of the parent feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone is 5-15wt%.
10. The parent litopenaeus vannamei feed according to claim 9, characterized in that the components of the feed further comprise a basal feed; the basic feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of white fish meal, 10-25 parts of antarctic krill powder, 5-15 parts of squid hydrolysate, 3-7 parts of wheat gluten, 5-9 parts of flour, 0.05-0.3 part of choline chloride, 3-5 parts of soybean lecithin and 1-3 parts of fish oil.
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| CN1739377A (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2006-03-01 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Sex gland mature promoting feed additive for tigar prawn |
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| CN109122445A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-04 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | A kind of parent shrimp rearing method improving litopenaeus vannamei breeding performance |
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2022
- 2022-10-27 CN CN202211330284.1A patent/CN115736131A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1739377A (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2006-03-01 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Sex gland mature promoting feed additive for tigar prawn |
| CN108576495A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-09-28 | 广东粤海饲料集团股份有限公司 | A kind of breeding additive of Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock and its application |
| CN109122445A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-04 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | A kind of parent shrimp rearing method improving litopenaeus vannamei breeding performance |
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