CN115734873A - 具有漫反射性能和电致变色功能元件的复合玻璃板 - Google Patents

具有漫反射性能和电致变色功能元件的复合玻璃板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115734873A
CN115734873A CN202280003012.2A CN202280003012A CN115734873A CN 115734873 A CN115734873 A CN 115734873A CN 202280003012 A CN202280003012 A CN 202280003012A CN 115734873 A CN115734873 A CN 115734873A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
glass pane
functional element
composite
electrochromic functional
laminate layer
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Pending
Application number
CN202280003012.2A
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English (en)
Inventor
M·卡布奇利
F·杰克斯
C·奥扎南姆
P·加尤特
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of CN115734873A publication Critical patent/CN115734873A/zh
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种复合玻璃板(100)，其至少包括具有外表面(I)和内表面(II)的外玻璃板(1)，电致变色功能元件(2)，第一层压层(3)，反射层(4)，和具有外表面(III)和内表面(IV)的内玻璃板(6)。内玻璃板(6)的外表面(III)具有至少一个结构化区域(5)。第一层压层(3)布置在外玻璃板(1)和内玻璃板(6)之间，电致变色功能元件(2)布置在外玻璃板(1)和第一层压层(3)之间，反射层(4)形成为至少在所述结构化区域(5)中的内玻璃板(6)的外表面(III)的涂层。根据本发明，所述结构化区域(5)与电致变色功能元件(2)完全重叠。

Description

具有漫反射性能和电致变色功能元件的复合玻璃板
本发明涉及具有电致变色功能元件并具有漫反射性能的复合玻璃板、投影装置、用于制造所述复合玻璃板的方法及其用途。
在复合玻璃中装入本身是透明的并且用作显示信息的投影面的漫反射元件是已知的。漫反射元件可以在投影装置中，例如在平视显示器中，用作复合玻璃中的投影面。平视显示器是一种显示系统，其中观看者可以保持视线，因为视觉信息被投射到其视野中。投影仪被用作将图像投射到投影元件上的成像单元。
漫反射在概念上被理解为非定向反射。例如，在漫反射元件上，显示了投影仪的从交通工具的内部发射在交通工具装配玻璃的内玻璃板上的图像，其中漫反射元件在复合玻璃板的平面中显示实像。在此，实像不同于虚像，其中虚像位于与投影平面不同的平面中，而实像显示在投影平面中。
可以将例如具有液晶涂层的基板、具有反射功能的材料，例如多层光学膜或其他，用作漫反射元件。具有结构化表面的基板也是可能的，例如具有结构化表面的塑料或玻璃，其具有反射涂层。
例如，在US 2018/0052264 A1、WO 2018/169095 A1和JP2018180122中描述了基于胆甾型晶体的透明屏幕的功能。WO 2019/242915 A1中公开了一种用于制造具有呈胆甾相的液晶的偏振选择性涂层的复合玻璃板的方法。
例如在WO 2018/109375 A1、WO 2015/063418 A1和WO 2018142050 A1中描述了基于由聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)或玻璃制成的结构化基板的具有漫反射性能的透明层元件。该透明层元件可以用作漫反射元件。EP 3 457 210 A1中公开了一种基于透明层的图像投影结构，该透明层具有不规则表面，反射层布置在其上。
在设计投影装置时，必须注意确保投影仪具有相应高的功率，以使投影的图像具有足够的亮度，尤其是在阳光入射时，并且易于被观看者识别。这需要一定尺寸的投影仪，并伴随以相应的电流消耗和运行发热。
此外，在投影装置例如平视显示器的情况下，由于所使用的投影面从两侧都是透明的，因此难以保护用户隐私。此外，必须通过避免眩光来确保行人安全。
JP 2017090617 A中公开了显示元件与可调光元件的组合，以保护用户隐私。
CN 111487831 A公开了一种投影装置，其中在从观看者看来电致变色元件布置在显示元件的前面，以便能够在投影仪关闭时隐藏该显示元件。
EP 3 825 765 A1公开了一种具有反射屏幕的复合玻璃板，其中从观看者看来，光控制层布置在反射层的后面。
需要改进由具有漫反射性能的复合玻璃显示的图像的对比度，并需要在用户隐私方面以及对于避免使外部行人眩光加以改进。
本发明的目的是提供一种具有漫反射性能的改进的复合玻璃板。
本发明的目的通过根据独立权利要求1的复合玻璃板得以实现。根据进一步的独立权利要求，本发明还涉及投影装置、用于制造所述复合玻璃板的方法以及所述复合玻璃板的用途。优选实施方案由从属权利要求获悉。
本发明涉及一种复合玻璃板，其至少包括具有外表面和内表面的外玻璃板、电致变色功能元件、第一层压层、反射层和具有外表面和内表面的内玻璃板。
在根据本发明的复合玻璃板中，内玻璃板的外表面具有至少一个结构化区域，第一层压层布置在外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间，并且电致变色功能元件布置在外玻璃板和第一层压层之间。
根据本发明，反射层形成为至少在所述结构化区域中的内玻璃板外表面上的涂层，并且所述结构化区域与电致变色功能元件完全重叠。
反射层形成为至少在所述结构化区域中的内玻璃板外表面上的涂层的描述是指反射层形成为在内玻璃板的外表面上的涂层，其中该涂层至少布置在内玻璃板的外表面被结构化的区域中。例如，反射层可以作为涂层仅布置在内玻璃板外表面的结构化区域上，亦或可以全表面地在内玻璃板的整个外表面上延伸。
如上所述，外玻璃板和内玻璃板各自具有外侧表面，即外表面，和内部空间侧表面，即内表面，以及在它们之间延伸的环绕的侧棱边。在本发明意义上，外表面是指提供用于在安装位置面向外部环境的那个主面。在本发明意义上，内表面是指提供用于在安装位置面向内部空间的那个主面。在根据本发明的复合玻璃板中，外玻璃板的内表面和内玻璃板的外表面彼此面对。
玻璃板的表面通常所指如下：
外玻璃板的外侧表面称为 侧I。外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面称为侧II。内玻璃板的外侧表面称为侧III。内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面称为侧IV。
如果复合玻璃板被提供用于在交通工具或建筑物的窗户开口中将内部空间相对于外部环境隔开，则本发明意义上的内玻璃板是指面向内部空间（交通工具内部空间）的玻璃板。外玻璃板是指面向外部环境的玻璃板。
在本发明意义上，元件A完全与元件B重叠的描述表示元件A在元件B的表面平面上的正交投影完全布置在元件B内。
因此，在穿过复合玻璃板垂直透视时，结构化区域完全布置在电致变色功能元件布置于其中的区域中。
第一层压层可以是热塑性中间层或光学透明粘合剂(optical clear adhesive,OCA)。第一层压层可以包含或由，例如，聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯、聚氨酯、聚丙烯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氯乙烯、聚醋酸酯树脂、浇注树脂、丙烯酸酯、氟化乙烯-丙烯、聚氟乙烯和/或乙烯-四氟乙烯和/或它们的混合物和/或共聚物组成。
第一层压层特别优选包含乙烯醋酸乙烯酯或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛，非常特别优选聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
在一个优选实施方式中，电致变色功能元件形成为外玻璃板内表面上的涂层。
因此，本发明还包括一种复合玻璃板，其至少包括具有外表面和内表面的外玻璃板、电致变色功能元件、第一层压层、反射层和具有外表面和内表面的内玻璃板，其中内玻璃板的外表面具有至少一个结构化区域，第一层压层布置在外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间，电致变色功能元件形成为外玻璃板内表面上的涂层，反射层形成为至少在所述结构化区域中的内玻璃板外表面上的涂层，并且所述结构化区域与电致变色功能元件完全重叠。
在一个替代的优选实施方式中，根据本发明的复合玻璃板还包括第二层压层，其布置在电致变色功能元件和外玻璃板之间。因此，在该实施方式中，电致变色功能元件布置在第二层压层和第一层压层之间，邻接第一层压层和第二层压层。
因此，本发明还包括一种复合玻璃板，其至少包括具有外表面和内表面的外玻璃板、第二层压层、电致变色功能元件、第一层压层、反射层和具有外表面和内表面的内玻璃板，其中内玻璃板的外表面具有至少一个结构化区域，第一层压层布置在外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间，电致变色功能元件布置在外玻璃板和第一层压层之间，第二层压层布置在外玻璃板和电致变色功能元件之间，反射层形成为至少在所述结构化区域中的内玻璃板外表面上的涂层，并且所述结构化区域与电致变色功能元件完全重叠。
优选地，第二层压层是热塑性中间层或光学透明粘合剂(OCA)。第二层压层例如可以包含或由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯、聚氨酯、聚丙烯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氯乙烯、聚醋酸酯树脂、浇注树脂、丙烯酸酯、氟化乙烯-丙烯、聚氟乙烯和/或乙烯-四氟乙烯和/或它们的混合物和/或共聚物组成。
特别优选地，第二层压层包含乙烯醋酸乙烯酯或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛，非常特别优选聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
具有作为涂层施加的反射层的结构化区域通常是透明的。它用作显示视觉信息的投影面。视觉信息或光被成像单元（也称为投影仪）投射到具有反射层的结构化区域上。
这样的具有作为涂层施加的反射层的结构化区域及其工作方式本身是本领域技术人员已知的。它们在可见光谱中尤其显示出反射，其中通常局部存在与玻璃或 PVB 不同的折射率。
外玻璃板和内玻璃板可以是平的或弯曲的玻璃板。所述玻璃板可由无机玻璃和/或有机玻璃（塑料）制成。外玻璃板和内玻璃板可以例如彼此独立地由平板玻璃、石英玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃、钠钙玻璃、铝硅酸盐玻璃、聚碳酸酯和/或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)制成。外玻璃板和内玻璃板优选由钠钙玻璃制成。外玻璃板和内玻璃板例如彼此独立地具有0.4至5.0mm，例如1至3mm、更优选1.6至2.5mm的厚度。
外玻璃板和/或内玻璃板可以具有本身已知的其他合适的涂层，例如不粘涂层、着色涂层、抗反射涂层、抗划伤涂层或低辐射涂层。
具有作为涂层施加的反射层的结构化区域优选在可见光范围内具有大于30％的反射率。
反射层优选包含纳米颗粒或微米颗粒（Mikropartikel），如，二氧化硅颗粒、聚合物颗粒或液晶。替代于此，也可以使用金属颗粒或金属氧化物颗粒。特别地，所提及的纳米颗粒或微米颗粒具有球形和/或是透明或半透明的。特别地，包含氧化钛颗粒(TiOx颗粒)或银颗粒的反射层已被证明是有利的。同样，含有胆甾型液晶的反射层非常好地适合于确保良好的图像品质。在一个优选实施方式中，反射层包括以矩阵取向的胆甾型液晶。
在一个特别优选的实施方式中，反射层是金属涂层，特别是银基涂层或基于氧化钛(TiOx)的涂层。
在一个实施方式中，电致变色功能元件和/或所述结构化区域在根据本发明的复合玻璃板的表面的至少5%、优选至少10%、特别优选至少50%、非常特别至少90%上延伸。不言而喻，在这些实施方式中也适用结构化区域与电致变色功能元件完全重叠的规定。
电致变色功能元件也可以在整个复合玻璃板上全表面地或基本上全表面地延伸，即在减去通常被框架状深色覆盖印刷物遮盖的例如20mm的环绕的边缘区域的整个表面上延伸。电致变色功能元件的全表面或基本上全表面的布置在制造中提供了优点。
在电致变色功能元件在整个复合玻璃板上全表面地或基本上全表面地延伸的实施方式中，结构化区域也可以在内玻璃板的整个外表面上全表面地或基本上全表面地延伸。不言而喻，结构化区域与电致变色功能元件完全重叠的规定也适用于这些实施方式。
在根据本发明的复合玻璃板的一个实施方式中，结构化区域布置在复合玻璃板的边缘区域中。这例如可以是侧边缘区域、上边缘区域或下边缘区域。
在一个优选实施方式中，结构化区域在从内玻璃板到外玻璃板的观察方向上与电致变色功能元件全等地布置。结构化区域和电致变色功能元件因此具有相同的外尺寸。
在一个实施方式中，电致变色功能元件的外尺寸大于结构化区域的外尺寸。
不言而喻，外尺寸是指确定一个元件的面积的尺寸。因此，外尺寸不包括厚度。
在一个实施方式中，反射层形成为内玻璃板外表面的全表面涂层。全表面涂层在制造中提供特殊优势。
在一个实施方式中，外玻璃板和/或第一层压层和/或第二层压层是着色的或染色的。
优选地，外玻璃板和/或第一层压层和/或第二层压层是黑色着色或黑色染色的。
在根据本发明的复合玻璃板的外玻璃板和/或第一层压层和/或第二层压层是着色的或染色的实施方式中，复合玻璃板在电致变色元件布置于其中的透视区域中，在电致变色功能元件被激活期间并因此在深色状态下具有小于6%，例如0.6%或0.3%的透光率，而在电致变色功能元件未被激活期间，尤其具有至少 6%，至多 70%，例如 10%的透光率。
在根据本发明的复合玻璃板的外玻璃板和/或第一层压层和/或第二层压层既未着色也未染色的实施方式中，复合玻璃板在电致变色元件布置于其中的透视区域中，在电致变色功能元件被激活期间并因此在深色状态下具有15%，例如1%的透光率，而在电致变色功能元件未被激活期间，尤其具有大于30%至至多70%，例如 31%的透光率。
电致变色功能元件是具有可切换或可调节光学性能的元件。通过施加电压可以主动影响光的透射率。安装在复合玻璃板中，用户可以例如将复合玻璃板从透明状态切换到非透明状态。透明度和不透明度（不透光性）之间的渐变也是可能的。这种电致变色功能元件和它们的工作模式本身是本领域技术人员已知的。
在本发明意义上，“透明”是指对可见光的透射率大于30％，特别是大于60％，例如大于70％。相应地，“不透明”是指小于15％，优选小于10％，特别优选小于5％，尤其是0％的透光率。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板可以具有的合适的电致变色功能元件是本领域技术人员已知的。这些可以例如如在US 5321544、US 5404244、US 7372610 B2、US 7593154 B2、WO2012/007334 A1、WO 2017/102900 A1或US 20120026573 A1中所公开的那样构造。
电致变色功能元件优选按以下顺序包括：
-第一平面电极，
-工作电极，
-电解质，
-对电极，和
-第二平面电极。
第一平面电极和第二平面电极提供用于电连接到电压源。所有提及的层优选地彼此牢固地连接。所有提及的层优选彼此全等地布置。
工作电极和对电极能够可逆地存入电荷。在存入状态和存出状态下工作电极的氧化态在其颜色方面不同，其中一种状态是透明的。存入反应可以通过外部施加的电势差来控制。可以通过电势来调节的电致变色功能元件的不透明颜色优选安排在蓝色至黑色的颜色范围内，特别是该可调节颜色为黑色。导致电致变色功能元件的不透明性和透明性之间变化的电势范围优选为0V至7V，特别优选为0.5V至5V。
第一平面电极和第二平面电极优选是透明且导电的。它们优选包含至少一种金属、金属合金或透明导电氧化物（transparent conducting oxide, TCO）。第一平面电极和第二平面电极特别优选包含银、金、铜、镍、铬、钨、石墨、钼和/或透明导电氧化物，优选氧化铟锡(ITO)、掺氟氧化锡(SnO2:F)、掺锑氧化锡、掺铝氧化锌、掺硼氧化锌或掺镓氧化锌。
如果第一平面电极和/或第二平面电极是基于金属形成的，它们优选具有在每种情况下1nm至50nm、优选2nm至30nm、特别优选3nm至15nm的总层厚度。如果第一平面电极和/或第二平面电极是基于透明导电氧化物形成的，它们优选具有20nm至2μm，特别优选50nm至1μm，非常特别优选100nm至600nm，特别是300 nm至500 nm的总厚度。由此实现了工作电极和对电极的有利的电接触以及该层的良好的水平导电性。
如果某物是“基于”一种材料形成的，那么它主要由这种材料组成，特别是除了可能的杂质或掺杂物之外基本上由这种材料组成。
第一平面电极和第二平面电极的层电阻合计优选为0.01欧姆/平方至100欧姆/平方，特别优选欧姆/平方至20欧姆/平方，非常特别优选0.5欧姆/平方至5欧姆/平方。在该范围内，确保了电致变色功能元件的电极之间足够大的电流流动，这使得工作电极和对电极能够实现最佳工作模式。
工作电极可以是基于无机或有机材料形成的。工作电极优选是基于氧化钨形成的，但也可以是基于钼、钛或铌的氧化物及其混合物形成的。工作电极也可以是基于聚吡咯、PEDOT（聚-3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩）和聚苯胺及其混合物形成的。对电极可以例如是基于氧化钛、氧化铈、六氰合铁酸(II/III)铁(III) (Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3)和氧化镍及其混合物形成的。电解质是传导离子的并且可以是基于水合氧化钽层和水合氧化锑层形成的。或者，电解质也可以是基于含有锂离子的聚合物形成的或是基于氧化钽(V)和/或氧化锆(IV)形成的。
在一个替代实施方式中，电致变色功能元件不包含电解质，其中工作电极本身用作电解质。因此，例如，取决于氧化态，氧化钨可以承担电解质的功能。这种实施方式例如公开在US 2014/0022621 A1中。
在本发明的一个非常特殊的实施方式中，电致变色功能元件还包括第一膜和第二膜。第一平面电极在此以背向工作电极的表面布置在第一膜上，并且第二平面电极以背向对电极的表面布置在第二膜上。第一膜和/或第二膜优选是透明的。第一膜和/或第二膜优选是基于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯形成的。对于该实施方式而言，电致变色功能元件的总层厚度优选为0.2mm至0.5mm。
在电致变色功能元件的激活状态下，电致变色功能元件的透明度降低。由于在从内玻璃板到外玻璃板的观察方向上，内玻璃板外表面的结构化区域在空间上布置在电致变色功能元件的前面，因此当电致变色功能元件被激活时，特别是甚至在阳光入射时，投影的图像具有足够的亮度并且观看者可以良好识别。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板通过将漫反射原理与可用其控制玻璃板的光学性能的电致变色功能元件结合使用，解决了对在复合玻璃板上生成的图像的对比度要求高的问题。
由此，当借助电致变色功能元件降低复合玻璃板的透明度时，实现了所生成图像的更高对比度。由此极大地降低了所需的投影仪功率，这也可以导致投影仪的小型化，并因此能够在有限的空间中使用，例如在汽车中。由于需要更少的光量，因此也产生更少的热。此外，投影仪的能耗降低，这尤其对电动交通工具的续航里程产生积极影响。
此外，本发明能够保护基于具有漫反射性能的复合玻璃板的图像显示器的用户的隐私。通过调节穿过电致变色功能元件的玻璃板的光学性能，即透明度/透射率，交通工具外的行人不能看到复合玻璃上显示的图像。此外，电致变色功能元件和具有反射涂层的结构化表面形式的漫反射元件的组合避免了由于投影仪发射的光束而导致的行人的眩目。
本发明呈现了复合玻璃中的电致变色功能元件和具有反射涂层的结构化表面形式的漫反射元件的组合。这种组合能够在激活电致变色功能元件并因此减少透光量时实现基于漫反射元件原理的显示应用的隐私功能。这有助于利用漫反射元件的漫反射用于诸如例如使得车外人员不能看到的透明屏幕的应用。此外，电致变色功能元件形式的可切换背景提高了所生成的图像的对比度。这有助于降低对投影仪的要求和/或能够扩大可视区域。
如上所述，根据本发明的复合玻璃板包括第一层压层和任选的第二层压层。层压层的组成和/或厚度可以相同或不同。层压层可以由市售的层压膜形成。它们用于粘合或层压复合玻璃板的组件。外玻璃板和内玻璃板通过层压层彼此连接，并且将电致变色功能元件层压到复合玻璃板中。
第一层压层和第二层压层的厚度可以彼此独立地为30μm(微米)至2mm，例如50μm、0.38mm或0.76mm。
特别有利的是，第一层压层，即布置在电致变色功能元件和内玻璃板之间的层压层，具有30至200μm、优选30至150μm、更优选30至100μm的厚度。以这种方式，功能元件和具有反射涂层的结构化表面形式的漫反射元件之间的距离可以保持很小，由此可以避免重影。第一层压层优选地具有30至200μm的厚度，例如50μm。第二层压层，如果存在的话，优选具有0.3至1mm的厚度。
在电致变色功能元件未在整个复合玻璃板上全表面地延伸的实施方式中，复合玻璃板可任选地具有第三层压层，该第三层压层具有容纳电致变色功能元件的凹槽。在这些实施方式中，电致变色功能元件因此被第三层压层以框架状包围。
第三层压层可以是热塑性中间层。其可以包含或由，例如，聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯、聚氨酯、聚丙烯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氯乙烯、聚醋酸酯树脂、浇铸树脂、丙烯酸酯、氟化乙烯-丙烯、聚氟乙烯和/或乙烯-四氟乙烯和/或它们的混合物和/或共聚物组成。
第三层压层的厚度对应于电致变色功能元件的厚度。
本发明还涉及一种投影装置，其包括根据本发明的复合玻璃板和至少一个投影仪，该投影仪从内部指向结构化区域，以便在复合玻璃板的平面中生成实像。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板的上述优选实施方案也相应地适用于包括根据本发明的复合玻璃板的投影装置。
本发明还涉及一种用于制造如上所述的根据本发明的复合玻璃板的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
a)提供具有外表面和内表面的外玻璃板、电致变色功能元件、第一层压层、反射层和具有外表面和内表面的内玻璃板，其中内玻璃板的外表面具有至少一个结构化区域并且反射层形成为至少在该结构化区域中的内玻璃板外表面的涂层
b)形成层堆叠，其中第一层压层布置在外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间，电致变色功能元件布置在外玻璃板和第一层压层之间，并且所述结构化区域与电致变色功能元件完全重叠，
c)通过层压连接所述层堆叠。
通过层压使组件粘合，形成复合玻璃板。层压通常在高压釜中进行。
如果要使复合玻璃板弯曲，则使外玻璃板和内玻璃板在层压之前经受弯曲工艺。优选地，将外玻璃板和内玻璃板一起（即同时并且通过同一工具）一致地弯曲，因为由此玻璃板的形状对于稍后进行的层压而言彼此最佳地匹配。例如，玻璃弯曲工艺的典型温度为500℃ 至 700℃。
层堆叠的层压可以借助常见的层压方法进行。例如，所谓的高压釜方法可以在约10bar至15bar的升压和90℃至100℃的温度下进行约2小时。或者，无高压釜方法也是可行的。本身已知的真空袋或真空环方法例如在约200mbar和80℃至100℃下工作。该层堆叠也可以在压延机中在至少一对辊之间压制成复合玻璃板。这种类型的设备已知用于制造玻璃板，并且通常在压机前具有至少一个加热通道。压制过程期间的温度例如为40℃至100℃。压延工艺和高压釜工艺的组合在实践中已证明是特别有用的。或者，可以使用真空层压机。它们由一个或多个可加热且可抽空的腔室组成，其中在例如约 60 分钟内在 0.01 mbar至800 mbar的减压和 80℃至 100℃的温度下层压第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板的上述优选实施方案也相应地适用于制造根据本发明的复合玻璃板的方法。
本发明还涉及根据本发明的复合玻璃板在交通工具或建筑物中作为内装配玻璃或外装配玻璃，特别是作为用于陆上、空中或水上交通的交通工具中，特别是在机动车辆中的交通工具玻璃板的用途。
如上所述的根据本发明的复合玻璃板优选安装在交通工具或建筑物中。因此，本发明还涉及一种交通工具或建筑物，其中安装了如上所述的根据本发明的复合玻璃板。
在一个优选实施方式中，所述交通工具或建筑物是选自客运机动车辆或运输交通工具的交通工具，例如公共汽车、长途汽车、火车、有轨电车、飞机或轮船。
在一个优选实施方式中，所述交通工具或建筑物是建筑物，其中所述复合玻璃板安装为窗玻璃或分隔玻璃。分隔玻璃可用作分隔壁或显示装置。
在一个优选实施方式中，根据本发明的复合玻璃板是后窗玻璃、侧窗玻璃、挡风玻璃或天窗玻璃，特别是交通工具的天窗玻璃或侧窗玻璃。
下面借助基于附图的示例性实施例更详细地解释本发明，这些实施例不应以任何方式限制本发明。附图是示意图，未按比例绘制。
其中：
图1示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板的一个实施方式的横截面，
图2示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板的另一个实施方式的横截面，
图3 示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板的一个实施方式的平面图，
图4示出了图3中所示复合玻璃板d 一个实施方式沿剖面线X'-X的横截面，
图5示出了图3中所示复合玻璃板的另一个实施方式沿剖面线X'-X的横截面，
图6示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板的另一个实施方式的平面图，
图7示出了图6中所示复合玻璃板的一个实施方式沿剖面线Y'-Y的横截面，
图8示出了图6中所示复合玻璃板的另一个实施方式沿剖面线Y'-Y的横截面，
图9示出了根据本发明的方法的流程图。
图1示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的一个实施方式的横截面。在图1中所示的实施方式中，复合玻璃板100包括具有外表面I和内表面II的外玻璃板1、电致变色功能元件2、第一层压层3、反射层4和具有外表面III和内表面IV的内玻璃板6。
电致变色功能元件2形成为外玻璃板1的内表面II上的涂层并且例如如在US7372610 B2中描述般构造。
内玻璃板6的外表面III具有结构化区域5。在图1中所示的实施方式中，结构化区域5在内玻璃板6的整个外表面III上延伸。
反射层4形成为结构化区域5中的内玻璃板6的外表面III的涂层并且因此形成内玻璃板6的整个外表面III。
第一层压层3布置在电致变色功能元件2和反射层4之间。
因此，在图1中所示的实施方式中，复合玻璃板100具有以下层顺序：
外玻璃板 1 - 电致变色功能元件 2 - 第一层压层 3 - 反射层 4 - 具有结构化外表面 III 的内玻璃板 6。
外玻璃板1例如由钠钙玻璃构成并且为2.1mm厚。内玻璃板6例如由钠钙玻璃构成并且为1.6mm厚。
第一层压层3例如是热塑性中间层并且例如由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)组成并且为0.38mm厚。
反射层4例如是60 nm 厚的TiOx涂层。
图2示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的另一个实施方式的横截面。在图2中所示的实施方式中，复合玻璃板100包括具有外表面I和内表面II的外玻璃板1、第二层压层7、电致变色功能元件2、第一层压层3、反射层4和具有外表面III和内表面IV的内玻璃板6。
内玻璃板6的外表面III具有结构化区域5。在图2中所示的实施方式中，结构化区域5在内玻璃板6的整个外表面III上延伸。
反射层4形成为结构化区域5中的内玻璃板6的外表面III的涂层并且因此形成为内玻璃板6的整个外表面III。
电致变色功能元件2布置在外玻璃板1和内玻璃板6之间，第二层压层7布置在电致变色功能元件2和外玻璃板1之间。
第一层压层3布置在电致变色功能元件2和反射层4之间。
因此，在图2中所示的实施方式中，复合玻璃板100具有以下层顺序：
外玻璃板 1-第二层压层 7-电致变色功能元件 2-第一层压层 3-反射层 4-具有结构化外表面 III 的内玻璃板 6。
在图2中所示的实施方式中，电致变色功能元件2在复合玻璃板100的整个表面上延伸。
在此示例性实施例中，电致变色功能元件2例如按以下序列包括：第一PET膜、第一平面电极、工作电极、电解质、对电极、第二平面电极和第二PET膜。平面电极例如是导电材料的薄层，其包含氧化铟锡。传导离子的电解质例如基于水合氧化钽层和水合氧化锑层构造而成。例如，工作电极和对电极是基于有机聚合物构造而成的。
外玻璃板1例如由钠钙玻璃构成并且为2.1mm厚。内玻璃板6例如由钠钙玻璃构成并且为1.6mm厚。
第一层压层3和第二层压层7例如是热塑性中间层并且例如由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)组成并且各自为0.38mm厚。
反射层4例如是60nm厚的TiOx涂层。
图3示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的一个实施方式的平面图。在图3中所示的实施方式中，复合玻璃板100例如是天窗玻璃。在图3中，电致变色功能元件2布置于其中的区域用附图标记B标识。虚线标记了电致变色功能元件2的环绕的棱边。在图3中，用附图标记A标识内玻璃板6的外表面III的结构化区域5。虚线标记了结构化区域5的外棱边。在图3中所示的实施方式中，电致变色功能元件2和结构化区域5在从内玻璃板到外玻璃板的观察方向上全等地布置。
图4中示出了图3中所示的复合玻璃板的一个的实施方式沿剖面线X'-X的横截面。
图4中以横截面显示的复合玻璃板100的实施方式与图1中所示的实施方式的不同之处仅在于，形成为外玻璃板1的内表面II的涂层的电致变色功能元件2没有在整个外玻璃板1上延伸，而是在减去例如20mm的环绕的边缘区域的整个外玻璃板1上延伸。
同样地，结构化区域5没有在内玻璃板6的整个外表面III上延伸，而是在减去例如20mm的环绕的边缘区域的内玻璃板6的整个外表面III上延伸。
此外，与图1中所示实施方式相比，图4中所示的实施方式中的复合玻璃板100具有第三层压层8。第三层压层8具有将电致变色功能元件2容纳于其中的凹槽。
因此，在图4中所示的实施方式中，电致变色功能元件2被第三层压层8以框架状包围。
第三层压层8例如由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)组成。第三层压层8的厚度对应于电致变色功能元件2的厚度。第三层压层8的使用是任选的。第一层压层3也可以在层压之后在侧面围绕电致变色功能元件2。
图5中示出了图3中所示的复合玻璃板的另一个实施方式沿剖面线X'-X的横截面。
图5中以横截面示出的复合玻璃板100的该实施方式与图2中所示的实施方式的不同之处仅在于，电致变色功能元件2没有在整个外玻璃板1上延伸，而是在减去例如20mm的环绕的边缘区域的整个外玻璃板1上延伸。
同样地，结构化区域5没有在内玻璃板6的整个外表面III上延伸，而是在减去例如20mm的环绕的边缘区域的内玻璃板6的整个外表面III上延伸。
此外，与图2中所示的实施方式相比，图5中所示实施方式中的复合玻璃板100具有第三层压层8。第三层压层8具有将电致变色功能元件2容纳于其中的凹槽。
因此，在图5中所示的实施方式中，电致变色功能元件2被第三层压层8以框架状包围。
第三层压层8例如由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)组成。第三层压层8的厚度对应于电致变色功能元件2的厚度。第三层压层8的使用是任选的。第一层压层3或第二层压层7也可以在层压后在侧面围绕电致变色功能元件2。
图6示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的一个实施方式的平面图，在图6中所示的实施方式中，复合玻璃板100例如是挡风玻璃。在图6中，电致变色功能元件2布置于其中的区域用附图标记B标识。虚线标记了电致变色功能元件2的环绕的棱边。在图6中，用附图标记A标识内玻璃板6的外表面III的结构化区域5。虚线标记了结构化区域5的环绕的侧棱边。复合玻璃板100具有上棱边O、下棱边U和两个侧棱边S。在图6中所示的实施方式中，电致变色功能元件2和内玻璃板6的外表面III的结构化区域5在从内玻璃板到外玻璃板的观察方向上全等地布置在复合玻璃板100的下四分之一中。
图7示出了图6中所示的复合玻璃板的实施方式沿剖面线Y'-Y的横截面。
图7中以横截面示出的复合玻璃板100的实施方式与图4中所示的实施方式的不同之处仅在于，形成为外玻璃板1的内表面II的涂层的电致变色功能元件2没有在减去环绕的边缘区域的整个外玻璃板1上延伸，而是布置在边缘区域中，更准确地说，布置在复合玻璃板100的下四分之一中的区域中，其与下棱边U和侧棱边S相距例如20mm。
同样地，结构化区域5没有在减去环绕的边缘区域的内玻璃板的整个外表面III上延伸，而是布置在边缘区域中，更准确地说，布置在复合玻璃板100的下四分之一中的区域中，其与下棱边U和侧棱边S相距例如20mm。
图8中示出了图6中所示的复合玻璃板的另一个实施方式沿剖面线Y'-Y的横截面。
图8中以横截面示出的复合玻璃板100的实施方式与图5中所示的实施方式的不同之处仅在于，电致变色功能元件2没有在减去例如20mm的环绕的边缘区域的整个外玻璃板1上延伸，而是布置在边缘区域中，更准确地说，布置在复合玻璃板100的下四分之一中的区域中，其与下棱边U和侧棱边S相距例如20mm。
同样地，结构化区域5没有在减去环绕的边缘区域的内玻璃板6的整个外表面III上延伸，而是布置在边缘区域中，更准确地说，布置在复合玻璃板100的下四分之一中的区域中，其与下棱边U和侧棱边S相距例如20mm。
图9示出了使用于制造根据本发明的复合玻璃板的本发明方法可视化的流程图。
在第一步骤a)中，提供具有外表面I和内表面II的外玻璃板1、电致变色功能元件2、第一层压层3、反射层4以及具有外表面III和内表面IV的内玻璃板6，其中内玻璃板6的外表面III具有至少一个结构化区域5，并且反射层4形成为至少在结构化区域5中的内玻璃板6的外表面III的涂层。
在第二步骤b)中，形成层堆叠，其中第一层压层3布置在外玻璃板1和内玻璃板6之间，电致变色功能元件2布置在外玻璃板1和第一层压层3之间且结构化区域5与电致变色功能元件2完全重叠。
在第三步骤c)中，通过层压连接所述层堆叠。
附图标记列表
1 外玻璃板
2 电致变色功能元件
3 第一层压层
4 反射层
5 结构化区域
6 内玻璃板
7 第二层压层
8 第三层压层
100 复合玻璃板
A 区域A
B 区域B
I 外玻璃板的外表面
II 外玻璃板的内表面
III 内玻璃板的外表面
IV 内玻璃板的内表面
X'-X 剖面线
Y'-Y 剖面线

Claims (15)

1.复合玻璃板(100)，其至少包括
- 具有外表面(I)和内表面(II)的外玻璃板(1)，
- 电致变色功能元件(2)，
- 第一层压层(3)，
- 反射层(4)，
- 具有外表面(III)和内表面(IV)的内玻璃板(6)，
其中内玻璃板(6)的外表面(III)具有至少一个结构化区域(5)，第一层压层(3)布置在外玻璃板(1)和内玻璃板(6)之间，电致变色功能元件(2)布置在外玻璃板(1)和第一层压层(3)之间，反射层(4)形成为至少在所述结构化区域(5)中的内玻璃板(6)的外表面(III)的涂层，并且所述结构化区域(5)与电致变色功能元件(2)完全重叠。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃板(100)，其中，所述第一层压层(3)是热塑性中间层或光学透明粘合剂(OCA)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合玻璃板(100)，其中，所述电致变色功能元件(2)形成为所述外玻璃板(1)的内表面(II)的涂层。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合玻璃板(100)，其还包括第二层压层(7)，其中所述第二层压层(7)布置在所述电致变色功能元件(2)和所述外玻璃板(1)之间，并且优选是热塑性中间层或光学透明粘合剂(OCA)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100)，其中，所述外玻璃板(1)和所述内玻璃板(6)彼此独立地由平板玻璃、石英玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃、钠钙玻璃、铝硅酸盐玻璃、聚碳酸酯和/或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PMMA)组成。
6.权利要求1至5中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100)，其中，所述反射层(4)是金属涂层，特别是基于银的涂层或基于氧化钛的涂层。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100)，其中，所述电致变色功能元件(2)和/或所述结构化区域(5)在复合玻璃板 (100)的表面的至少5％，优选至少10％，特别优选至少50%，非常特别至少 90% 上延伸。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100)，其中，所述结构化区域(5)布置在所述复合玻璃板(100)的边缘区域中。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100)，其中，所述结构化区域(5)在从所述内玻璃板(6)到所述外玻璃板(1)的观察方向上与所述电致变色功能元件(2)全等地布置。
10.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100)，其中，所述电致变色功能元件(2)的外尺寸大于所述结构化区域(5)的外尺寸。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100)，其中，所述反射层(4)形成为所述内玻璃板(6)的外表面(III)的全表面涂层。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100)，其中，所述外玻璃板(1)和/或所述第一层压层(3)和/或所述第二层压层(7)是着色的或染色的。
13.投影装置，其包括根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100)和至少一个投影仪，所述投影仪从内部指向结构化区域(5)，用于在复合玻璃板(100)的平面中生成实像。
14.用于制造根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100)的方法，其中至少
a)提供具有外表面(I)和内表面(II)的外玻璃板(1)、电致变色功能元件(2)、第一层压层(3)、反射层(4)和具有外表面(III)和内表面(IV)的内玻璃板(6)，其中内玻璃板(6)的外表面(III)具有至少一个结构化区域(5)并且反射层(4)形成为至少在所述结构化区域(5)中的内玻璃板(6)的外表面(III)的涂层，
b)形成层堆叠，其中第一层压层(3)布置在外玻璃板(1)和内玻璃板(6)之间，电致变色功能元件(2)布置在外玻璃板(1)和第一层压层(3)之间并且所述结构化区域(5)与所述电致变色功能元件(2)完全重叠，
c)通过层压连接所述层堆叠。
15.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100)作为交通工具或建筑物中的内装配玻璃或外装配玻璃，特别是作为用于陆上、空中或水上交通的交通工具中，特别是在客运机动车辆、公共汽车、长途汽车、火车、电车、飞机或轮船中的交通工具玻璃板的用途。
CN202280003012.2A 2021-06-24 2022-06-15 具有漫反射性能和电致变色功能元件的复合玻璃板 Pending CN115734873A (zh)

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