CN115714586A - Transformer coupling type balun structure and radio frequency module - Google Patents
Transformer coupling type balun structure and radio frequency module Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
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- H03H7/42—Networks for transforming balanced signals into unbalanced signals and vice versa, e.g. baluns
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Abstract
The invention provides a transformer coupling type balun structure and a radio frequency module, which comprise a first-stage balun, a second-stage balun coupled with the first-stage balun and a single-ended signal output port; the first signal input end and the second signal input end are respectively connected with the first end of the first signal output end and the first end of the second signal output end, and the second end of the first signal output end and the second end of the second signal output end are respectively connected with two ends of the primary coil; the secondary coil is coupled with the primary coil, a third signal input end and a fourth signal input end are respectively connected to two ends of the secondary coil, the fourth signal input end is sequentially connected with a third signal output end and a single-ended signal output port in series, and the third signal input end is grounded; the first end of the adjustable capacitor is connected with the third signal output end in parallel, and the second end of the adjustable capacitor is grounded. The transformer coupling type balun structure and the radio frequency module are convenient in coupling signal conversion, high in phase balance degree and amplitude balance degree, low in loss and low in cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency circuits, in particular to a transformer coupling type balun structure and a radio frequency module.
Background
With the advance of science and technology, the design and application of balun have changed greatly, and it is widely applied to the interconversion between single-ended signal and differential signal in radio frequency integrated circuit and millimeter wave integrated circuit, impedance matching network and power synthesis network. Some baluns can be used for impedance transformation, and some can be used to connect transmission lines with different impedances; the balun for impedance variation enables impedance matching, blocking and balancing port to single ended matching.
Nowadays, transformer coupling type balun in radio frequency and microwave integrated circuits has the advantages of compact structure, small area, low loss and the like, is widely applied to radio frequency integrated circuits and millimeter wave integrated circuits, and realizes the interconversion between single-ended signals and differential signals. However, in practical applications, the transformer is often non-ideal and includes various problems such as loss, mutual coupling, self-resonance effect, magnetic leakage, and the like. When a transformer model is designed, problems of skin effect, substrate loss, coupling between a main coil and a secondary coil and the like need to be considered, and difficulties and challenges are brought to design and application of the transformer coupled balun.
However, due to the structural limitation of the existing balun, the transmission line loss is large, the number of matched LC devices is large, and the structure and the improvement are needed, so that the problems of unbalanced amplitude and phase, poor performance, high cost and the like occur during the output of differential signals, and the requirements of comprehensive coverage and actual production of modern 5G frequency band N77/N79 are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a transformer coupled balun structure and a radio frequency module with convenient conversion of coupled signals, high phase balance and amplitude balance, low loss and low cost, so as to solve the above technical problems.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a transformer-coupled balun structure, including a first-stage balun, a second-stage balun coupled to the first-stage balun, and a single-ended signal output port;
the first-stage balun comprises a first signal input end, a second signal input end, a primary coil, a first signal output end and a second signal output end; the first signal input end and the second signal input end are respectively connected with a first end of the first signal output end and a first end of the second signal output end, and a second end of the first signal output end and a second end of the second signal output end are respectively connected with two ends of the primary coil;
the second-stage balun comprises a third signal input end, a fourth signal input end, a secondary coil and a third signal output end, the secondary coil is coupled with the primary coil, the third signal input end and the fourth signal input end are respectively connected to two ends of the secondary coil, the fourth signal input end is sequentially connected with the third signal output end and the single-ended signal output port in series, and the third signal input end is grounded;
the transformer coupling type balun structure further comprises an adjustable capacitor, a first end of the adjustable capacitor is connected with the third signal output end in parallel, and a second end of the adjustable capacitor is grounded.
Preferably, the transformer-coupled balun structure further includes an adjustable inductor, and the adjustable inductor is connected in series between the third signal output end and the single-ended signal output port.
Preferably, the transformer-coupled balun structure further includes a first capacitor, and the first capacitor is connected in parallel between the first signal input terminal and the second signal input terminal.
Preferably, the primary coil and the secondary coil are identical in shape and length.
Preferably, the primary coil includes a first primary transmission line, a second primary transmission line, a third primary transmission line and a fourth primary transmission line, the first primary transmission line, the second primary transmission line, the third primary transmission line and the fourth primary transmission line are connected end to form a closed coil, a first end of the second primary transmission line is connected to the second signal input end, and a first end of the third primary transmission line is connected to the first signal input end.
Preferably, the secondary coil includes a first secondary transmission line, a second secondary transmission line, a third secondary transmission line and a fourth secondary transmission line, the first secondary transmission line, the second secondary transmission line, the third secondary transmission line and the fourth secondary transmission line are sequentially connected end to form a continuous coil, the first end of the first secondary transmission line is connected to the single-ended signal output port, and the first end of the fourth secondary transmission line is grounded.
Preferably, the first primary transmission line, the second primary transmission line, the third primary transmission line and the fourth primary transmission line are disposed opposite to the first secondary transmission line, the second secondary transmission line, the third secondary transmission line and the fourth secondary transmission line, respectively.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a radio frequency module, which includes the transformer-coupled balun structure.
Compared with the prior art, in the embodiment of the invention, the second-stage balun is coupled with the first-stage balun, so that the balanced signal is converted into the unbalanced signal through the first-stage balun, and then the single-ended signal generated by the first-stage balun is improved through the second-stage balun, thereby improving the phase balance degree and the amplitude balance degree; coupling signals are input and output through a single-ended signal output port, a first end of the adjustable capacitor is connected with the third signal output end in parallel, a second end of the adjustable capacitor is grounded, insertion loss and phase are affected through the adjustable capacitor, and the frequency is lower when the capacitance is larger; the smaller the capacitance is, the higher the frequency is, the good frequency adjusting effect is achieved, and frequency interference can be reduced conveniently.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The foregoing and other aspects of the invention will become more apparent and more readily appreciated from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached with
In the figure:
fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a transformer coupled balun structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The transformer comprises 100 transformer coupling type balun structures, 1, a first-stage balun, 2, a second-stage balun, 3, a primary coil, 4 and a secondary coil.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used in the description of the application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application; the terms "including" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the description and claims of this application and the description of the above figures are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. The terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application or in the above-described drawings are used for distinguishing between different objects and not for describing a particular order.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the invention provides a transformer-coupled balun structure 100, which includes a first stage balun 1, a second stage balun 2 coupled to the first stage balun 1, and a single-ended signal output port T1.
The second-stage balun 2 comprises a third signal input end T6, a fourth signal input end T7, a secondary coil 4 and a third signal output end T8, the secondary coil 4 is coupled with the primary coil 3, the third signal input end T6 and the fourth signal input end T7 are respectively connected to two ends of the secondary coil 4, the fourth signal input end T7 is sequentially connected with the third signal output end T8 and the single-ended signal output port T1 in series, and the third signal input end T6 is grounded. The unbalanced signal of the first balun is received by the third signal input end T6 and the fourth signal input end T7, and is received and converted by the secondary coil 4, so that the third signal output end T8 is output to the single-ended signal output port T1. The insertion loss can be reduced by a large amount through the secondary coil 4, the amplitude consistency is greatly improved, and the phase balance degree is closer to 180 degrees.
The transformer-coupled balun structure 100 further includes an adjustable capacitor C2, a first end of the adjustable capacitor C2 is connected in parallel with the third signal output end T8, and a second end of the adjustable capacitor C2 is grounded. The insertion loss and the phase are influenced by the adjustable capacitor C2, and the trend is that the larger the capacitor is, the lower the frequency is; the smaller the capacitance is, the higher the frequency is, the good frequency adjusting effect is achieved, and the frequency interference is convenient to reduce.
The input balance signals are input from a first signal input end T2 and a second signal input end T3 of the primary coil 3 and are respectively transmitted to a first signal output end T4 and a second signal output end T5, and the first signal output end T4 and the second signal output end T5 are respectively transmitted to two ends of the primary coil 3, so that the signals are coupled to the secondary coil 4. Due to the fact that the coil is affected by metal loss, dielectric loss and parasitic parameters in practical application, the amplitude of a signal in a transmission process is attenuated, the phase of the signal is delayed, and deviation of the amplitude and phase consistency of the signal transmitted to the T8 port through coupling can be caused. At this time, after the output signal of the primary coil 3 is coupled to the secondary coil 4, the introduction of the secondary coil 4 makes the signal transmission path in the secondary coil 4 completely symmetrical, and the influence of the metal loss, the dielectric loss and the parasitic parameter generated in the primary coil 3 and the influence of the metal loss, the dielectric loss and the parasitic parameter generated in the secondary coil 4 of the signal can be offset, so that the amplitude consistency of the transformer coupled balun structure 100 can be greatly improved compared with the conventional balun structure, and meanwhile, the performance of the transformer coupled balun structure in the 5G frequency band is ensured.
In this embodiment, the transformer-coupled balun structure 100 further includes an adjustable inductor L1, and the adjustable inductor L1 is connected in series between the third signal output end T8 and the single-ended signal output port T1.
Specifically, the adjustable inductor L1 is connected in series between the third signal output terminal T8 and the single-ended signal output terminal T1, and the first end of the adjustable capacitor C2 is connected in parallel between the adjustable inductor L1 and the third signal output terminal T8, so that the adjustable inductor L1 and the adjustable capacitor C2 are connected in parallel to form an LC circuit. Interference can be reduced by the LC circuit. The balun can show excellent performance in both n77 and n79 frequency bands, and has the advantages of low loss and high balance degree.
In this embodiment, the transformer-coupled balun structure 100 further includes a first capacitor C1, and the first capacitor C1 is connected in parallel between the first signal input terminal T2 and the second signal input terminal T3. The higher the working frequency of the transformer is, the higher the conversion efficiency of the transformer is, and the working frequency point of the transformer balun is adjusted by the first capacitor C1 connected in parallel at the differential first signal input end T2 and the differential second signal input end T3, so that attenuation is realized, and distortion of coupled signals is avoided.
In the present embodiment, the primary coil 3 and the secondary coil 4 are the same in shape and length. This makes the amplitude uniformity and the phase balance performance of this transformer coupled balun more excellent.
Preferably, the area of the whole transformer coupled balun structure 100 can be controlled within 650um x 650um, so that the area is smaller and the application range is wider.
In this embodiment, the primary coil 3 includes a first primary transmission line a, a second primary transmission line b, a third primary transmission line c and a fourth primary transmission line d, the first primary transmission line a, the second primary transmission line b, the third primary transmission line c and the fourth primary transmission line d are connected end to form a closed coil, the first end of the second primary transmission line b is connected to the second signal input terminal T3, and the first end of the third primary transmission line c is connected to the first signal input terminal T2.
Specifically, a first end of a first primary transmission line a, a second end of a second primary transmission line b, a second end of a third primary transmission line c and a first end of a fourth primary transmission line d are connected; the second end of the first primary transmission line a is connected with the first end of the third primary transmission line c, and the second end of the fourth primary transmission line d is connected with the first end of the second primary transmission line b; thereby forming a closed coil by connecting the first, second, third and fourth primary transmission lines a, b, c and d, respectively, end to end.
In this embodiment, the secondary coil 4 includes a first secondary transmission line a1, a second secondary transmission line b1, a third secondary transmission line c1, and a fourth secondary transmission line d1, where the first secondary transmission line a1, the second secondary transmission line b1, the third secondary transmission line c1, and the fourth secondary transmission line d1 are sequentially connected end to form a continuous coil, a first end of the first secondary transmission line a1 is connected to the single-ended signal output port T1, and a first end of the fourth secondary transmission line d1 is grounded.
Specifically, the first secondary transmission line a1 is sequentially connected to the second secondary transmission line b1, the third secondary transmission line c1 and the fourth secondary transmission line d1 to form a continuous coil, the first end of the first secondary transmission line a1 is connected to the single-ended signal output port T1 for outputting a single-ended signal, and the first end of the fourth secondary transmission line d1 is grounded.
An adjustable capacitor C2 is connected in parallel with the third signal output end T8, an adjustable inductor L1 is connected in series with the third signal output end T8 at the position T9, and an output end T10 of the adjustable inductor L1 is connected with the single-ended signal output port T1, and is used for processing the coupled signal and outputting the processed coupled signal from the single-ended signal output port T1.
In this embodiment, the first primary transmission line a, the second primary transmission line b, the third primary transmission line c, and the fourth primary transmission line d are disposed opposite to the first secondary transmission line a1, the second secondary transmission line b1, the third secondary transmission line c1, and the fourth secondary transmission line d1, respectively. The primary coil 3 and the secondary coil 4 are consistent in shape and length; this makes the transformer coupled balun amplitude uniformity and phase balance degree performance more excellent.
In this embodiment, the signal input terminals of the first stage balun 1 are a first signal input terminal T2 and a second signal input terminal T3, the input terminals are connected in parallel with a first capacitor C1, and the output terminals are a first signal output terminal T4 and a second signal output terminal T5. The coupling input end of the second-stage balun 2 comprises a third signal input end T6 and a fourth signal input end T7, the output end of the second-stage balun 2 is a third signal output end T8, the third signal output end T8 is provided with a parallel adjustable capacitor C2, a series adjustable inductor L1 is arranged at a position T9, and an output end T10 of the adjustable inductor L1 is connected with a single-ended signal output port T1. The first-stage balun 1 only needs to input a balance signal, and the signal is converted by the first-stage balun 1 and then couples energy to the second-stage balun 2. The second-stage balun 2 receives a signal output by the first-stage balun 1, an adjustable capacitor C2 is connected in parallel to a second-stage signal output end T8, the insertion loss and the phase are mainly influenced by the C2, and the trend is that the larger the capacitor is, the lower the frequency is; the smaller the capacitance, the higher the frequency. In addition, the most main factor influencing the working frequency band and the working bandwidth of the transformer coupled balun structure 100 is the length of the coupling coil, in other words, the whole area of the balun, and the larger the area is, the better the balun performance at low frequency is; the smaller the area, the higher the performance at high frequencies. In practical application, the whole balun matching uses one parallel capacitor and one series inductor L1 at the output end, so that the mutual interference with other devices in a network is reduced, the performance is guaranteed, and the purpose of reducing the cost is achieved.
Specifically, the primary coil 3 and the secondary coil 4 are arranged, so that after a balanced signal is converted into an unbalanced signal through the primary coil 3, a single-ended signal generated by the primary coil 3 is improved through the secondary coil 4, and therefore the phase balance degree and the amplitude balance degree are achieved.
The transformer coupled balun has excellent performance in a frequency band of 5G NR n77/n79, and has the advantages of low loss and high balance degree.
Example two
An embodiment of the present invention provides a radio frequency module, including the transformer-coupled balun structure 100 of the first embodiment.
The radio frequency module comprises a mixer, a push-pull amplifier, a duplexer, a frequency multiplier and the like. Moreover, based on the improved balun structure 100, a high-performance mixer, duplexer, push-pull amplifier, frequency multiplier, etc. based on a semiconductor material system such as silicon-based, silicon germanium, gallium arsenide, gallium nitride, etc. can be designed, and the high-performance mixer, duplexer, push-pull amplifier, frequency multiplier, etc. can be designed on a chip and also be suitable for a substrate.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments described with reference to the drawings are only intended to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalent substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Furthermore, unless the context indicates otherwise, words that appear in the singular include the plural and vice versa. Additionally, all or a portion of any embodiment may be utilized with all or a portion of any other embodiment, unless stated otherwise.
Claims (8)
1. A transformer coupling type balun structure is characterized by comprising a first-stage balun, a second-stage balun coupled with the first-stage balun and a single-ended signal output port;
the first-stage balun comprises a first signal input end, a second signal input end, a primary coil, a first signal output end and a second signal output end; the first signal input end and the second signal input end are respectively connected with a first end of the first signal output end and a first end of the second signal output end, and a second end of the first signal output end and a second end of the second signal output end are respectively connected with two ends of the primary coil;
the second-stage balun comprises a third signal input end, a fourth signal input end, a secondary coil and a third signal output end, the secondary coil is coupled with the primary coil, the third signal input end and the fourth signal input end are respectively connected to two ends of the secondary coil, the fourth signal input end is sequentially connected with the third signal output end and the single-ended signal output port in series, and the third signal input end is grounded;
the transformer coupling type balun structure further comprises an adjustable capacitor, a first end of the adjustable capacitor is connected with the third signal output end in parallel, and a second end of the adjustable capacitor is grounded.
2. The transformer-coupled balun structure of claim 1, further comprising an adjustable inductor connected in series between the third signal output terminal and the single-ended signal output port.
3. The transformer-coupled balun structure of claim 1, further comprising a first capacitor connected in parallel between the first signal input terminal and the second signal input terminal.
4. The transformer-coupled balun structure of claim 1, wherein the primary coil and the secondary coil are the same shape and length.
5. The transformer-coupled balun structure of claim 4, wherein the primary coil comprises a first primary transmission line, a second primary transmission line, a third primary transmission line and a fourth primary transmission line, the first primary transmission line, the second primary transmission line, the third primary transmission line and the fourth primary transmission line are each connected end-to-end to form a closed coil, a first end of the second primary transmission line is connected to the second signal input terminal, and a first end of the third primary transmission line is connected to the first signal input terminal.
6. The transformer-coupled balun structure of claim 5, wherein the secondary coil comprises a first secondary transmission line, a second secondary transmission line, a third secondary transmission line, and a fourth secondary transmission line, the first secondary transmission line, the second secondary transmission line, the third secondary transmission line, and the fourth secondary transmission line are sequentially connected end to form a continuous coil, a first end of the first secondary transmission line is connected to the single-ended signal output port, and a first end of the fourth secondary transmission line is grounded.
7. The transformer-coupled balun structure of claim 6, wherein the first, second, third and fourth primary transmission lines are disposed opposite the first, second, third and fourth secondary transmission lines, respectively.
8. A radio frequency module, comprising a transformer-coupled balun structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211342087.1A CN115714586A (en) | 2022-10-25 | 2022-10-25 | Transformer coupling type balun structure and radio frequency module |
| PCT/CN2023/115068 WO2024087853A1 (en) | 2022-10-25 | 2023-08-25 | Transformer coupling type balun structure and radio frequency module |
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| CN202211342087.1A CN115714586A (en) | 2022-10-25 | 2022-10-25 | Transformer coupling type balun structure and radio frequency module |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117220630A (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2023-12-12 | 宜确半导体（苏州）有限公司 | Balun impedance converter, differential power amplifier and transmitter |
| WO2024087853A1 (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2024-05-02 | 深圳飞骧科技股份有限公司 | Transformer coupling type balun structure and radio frequency module |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6917796B2 (en) * | 2001-10-04 | 2005-07-12 | Scientific Components | Triple balanced mixer |
| CN102710219B (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2014-11-26 | 姜鑫 | Passive three-balanced frequency converter |
| CN105356858B (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2018-05-11 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of balun power amplifier |
| CN210899100U (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-06-30 | 深圳市纽瑞芯科技有限公司 | Reconfigurable broadband balun impedance matching circuit for power amplifier |
| CN114257181A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-29 | 锐石创芯(深圳)科技股份有限公司 | Radio frequency circuit, radio frequency front end module and push-pull power amplifier |
| CN115714586A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-02-24 | 深圳飞骧科技股份有限公司 | Transformer coupling type balun structure and radio frequency module |
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2022
- 2022-10-25 CN CN202211342087.1A patent/CN115714586A/en active Pending
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- 2023-08-25 WO PCT/CN2023/115068 patent/WO2024087853A1/en unknown
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024087853A1 (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2024-05-02 | 深圳飞骧科技股份有限公司 | Transformer coupling type balun structure and radio frequency module |
| CN117220630A (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2023-12-12 | 宜确半导体（苏州）有限公司 | Balun impedance converter, differential power amplifier and transmitter |
| CN117220630B (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2024-02-23 | 宜确半导体（苏州）有限公司 | Balun impedance converter, differential power amplifier and transmitter |
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