CN115710658B - Aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity for air conditioner and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity for air conditioner and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity for an air conditioner, which comprises the following components: si: 0.08-0.5 wt percent, mg:0.15 to 1.0 percent wt percent, fe:0.05 to 0.6. 0.6 wt percent, wherein Mg/(Si+Fe) is less than or equal to 2.2, ti: 0.005-0.2 wt percent and the balance of Al, wherein the amount of solid solution Mg in the aluminum alloy is less than or equal to 0.3 percent. The invention also discloses a manufacturing method and application of the aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity for the air conditioner. The aluminum alloy for the air conditioner with high thermal conductivity has excellent mechanical properties, and meets the requirements on strength and extensibility, and the thermal conductivity is higher than that of the aluminum alloy foil for the air conditioner in the prior art by more than 10%.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy foil and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to an aluminum alloy for an air conditioner having high thermal conductivity and a method for manufacturing the same.
Background
With the development of the economy in China and the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, the popularity of the air conditioner is improved year by year. The aluminum alloy has the advantages of small density, high specific strength, good thermal conductivity, easy processing, high cost performance and the like, and is widely used for producing the air conditioner heat exchange plates on a large scale. In recent years, air conditioners have been gradually miniaturized, highly efficient, and long-life, and therefore, the demands for exchanging heat sheets for air conditioners have been gradually increased, and aluminum foils for air conditioners have been developed in the directions of ultra-thin, high heat conductivity, and high deformability.
Aluminum foil products for air conditioners have high requirements on heat conductivity due to the specificity of the performance requirements. The aluminum foil for air conditioner currently adopted is mainly made of Al-Mn-Fe-Si aluminum alloy such as 3102, 8011, etc., and the alloy elements such as Mn, si, fe, etc. have high content, which produces strengthening effects such as solid solution, fine crystal, work hardening, etc., but the alloy elements have damage to heat conductivity coefficient. For this reason, the strength and elongation improvement of the alloy element need to be considered, and the damage to the heat conductivity coefficient needs to be considered. Meanwhile, along with the trend of gradually thinning the aluminum foil for the air conditioner, the demands of tensile strength, extensibility and surface hydrophilicity are also improved, and the thickness precision is required to be below 2%. Therefore, the original Al-Mn-Fe-Si aluminum alloy is more difficult to meet the requirements.
The aluminum foil for the existing air conditioner is generally prepared by adopting a hot rolling or cast rolling process. The casting and rolling process is simple in process flow and low in energy consumption, but the produced product is unstable in structure and performance, coarse grains are easy to appear in the foil, deformation performance is extremely poor, cracking is easy to occur, and the yield is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide an aluminum alloy for an air conditioner with high thermal conductivity, which solves the problem that the existing aluminum alloy foil is difficult to meet the requirements of high thermal conductivity, strength and elongation at the same time. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy for an air conditioner having high thermal conductivity.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an aluminum alloy for an air conditioner having high thermal conductivity, comprising the following components: si: 0.08-0.5 wt percent, mg:0.15 to 1.0 percent wt percent, fe:0.05 to 0.6. 0.6 wt percent, wherein Mg/(Si+Fe) is less than or equal to 2.2, ti: 0.005-0.2 wt percent and the balance of Al, wherein the amount of solid solution Mg in the aluminum alloy is less than or equal to 0.3 percent.
Further, the aluminum alloy is in an H2x state, the elongation is more than or equal to 14%, the cupping is more than or equal to 5mm, and the thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 210W/(m.times.k).
Further, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy is 100-170 MPa.
Further, the aluminum alloy also comprises the following components: cu: less than or equal to 0.5wt.% and Mn: at least one of less than or equal to 0.4 and wt percent.
Further, the aluminum alloy also comprises the following components: zn: less than or equal to 0.3 and wt percent, cr: less than or equal to 0.3 and wt percent and Zr: at least one of less than or equal to 0.3 and wt percent.
Further, the aluminum alloy also comprises the following components: RE is less than or equal to 0.2 and wt percent.
Further, the thickness of the aluminum alloy is 0.05-0.15 mm.
Further, the aluminum alloy surface is coated with a hydrophilic coating. The hydrophilic coating can significantly improve the hydrophilic performance and corrosion resistance of the surface. Preferably, graphene and silver ions can be added, so that the heat conduction performance of the product is further improved, and an obvious antibacterial and mildew-proof function is generated.
Further, the aluminum alloy is applied to manufacturing of air conditioner radiators.
A method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy for an air conditioner having high thermal conductivity, comprising the steps of: selecting raw materials to obtain a cast-rolled plate ingot by continuous casting and rolling, performing cold rough rolling, medium rolling and finish rolling on the cast-rolled plate to obtain an aluminum foil, and performing finished product annealing on the rolled aluminum foil; during continuous casting and rolling, the Ti content is controlled by aluminum titanium boron wires, the casting and rolling temperature is 670-715 ℃, the rolling speed is 0.3-1.2 m/min, the thickness of a cast and rolled plate ingot is controlled to be 4.0-13.0 mm, and the grain size is controlled to be 1 grade.
Further, the temperature of the finished product during annealing is 230-290 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 9-15 hours.
The main elements of the aluminum alloy are Mg and Si, wherein the value of Mg/(Si+Fe) is less than 2.2, and the solid solution Mg content is below 0.3%.
The addition of Mg element mainly forms Mg 2 Si precipitates, fe forms alpha-AlFeSi and beta-AlFeSi in the aluminum matrix, and the addition of Fe consumes Si element to reduce the generation of Mg 2 Amount of Si. Therefore, when Mg/(Si+Fe) > 2.2, the Mg element is excessively large, and the content of Mg in solid solution in the aluminum matrix is large>0.3%, the lattice distortion is serious. The microcosmic principle of metal heat conduction is caused by the thermal motion of free electrons, lattice distortion can reduce the motion capacity of the heat conduction electrons, reduce the heat conduction performance and reduce Mg at the same time 2 The solubility of the Si precipitated phase is increased and coarsened, and the strengthening effect is reduced. Therefore, by controlling the value of Mg/(Si+Fe) to be less than 2.2, the solid solution amount of Mg is controlled<0.3% of Mg is designed so that the Mg is not excessive and forms an alloy strengthening phase Mg with Si 2 Si. The phase formation process is: supersaturated Solid Solution (SS) -Mg, si clusters-GP region-metastable beta "phase-metastable beta' phase-stable beta (Mg) 2 Si) phase. Beta (Mg) 2 Si) and the matrix are not in a coherent relation, so that the coherent strain is completely separated from the matrix, the degree of lattice distortion in the lattice is reduced, the quantity and density of heat conduction electron scattering sources in the matrix lattice are reduced, the free range of heat conduction electrons is increased, and the electron movement is easy, so that the high heat conduction performance is ensured.
The Si added with the aluminum alloy can form various reinforced particles with alloy elements, and plays a positive role in improving mechanical properties. When the value of Mg/(Si+Fe) is less than 2.2, si mainly reacts with Mg to form a strengthening phase Mg 2 Si is also present in excess. However, the solubility of Si element in aluminum alloy at normal temperature is small, and excessive Si exists in the form of primary crystal in α (Al) to form Si particles in a free state. The excessive Si can promote the elements such as Mn, fe, cr and the like in the alloy to be desolventized to form a compound and precipitate, so that the influence on the heat conducting property is reduced. If Si reacts with Fe to generate AlFeSi phase, the mechanical property is strengthened.
The proper amount of Fe is within a certain rangeThe inside of the enclosure can promote the formation of crystal nucleus in the solidification process, thereby playing a role in refining crystal grains and improving cast-rolling tissues. Formed AlFeSi, feAl 3 The strengthening phase is favorable for improving the mechanical property of the aluminum foil, and can reduce the segregation degree of Mn. However, with the increase of Fe content, the primary phase on the matrix is increased, thereby seriously affecting the mechanical properties of the alloy.
Ti is added into the aluminum alloy in the form of aluminum titanium boron wires and mainly forms Al with Al 2 Ti and TiB 2 The phase becomes a non-spontaneous nucleation core during crystallization, promotes non-uniform nucleation, remarkably refines the structure, ensures the grain size of the cast-rolled structure to be 1 grade, and improves the forming performance of the aluminum foil.
The first selection additive elements Mn and Cu. Adding a small amount of Mn can generate uniformly dispersed Al 6 Mn phase inhibits grain growth, obviously refines the structure and improves the performance of the aluminum foil, but Mn element is easy to generate segregation, so that the structure is uneven. Cu element is added to form Al 2 The Cu phase or the CuAl cluster GP zone obviously improves the mechanical property of the alloy, but the AlCuGP zone is coherent with the matrix, so that lattice distortion is easy to cause, the heat conduction property is reduced, and the AlCu phase is easy to separate out at a grain boundary, so that the grain boundary corrosion can be caused. Thus, the addition amount of Mn and Cu was controlled.
And the second option is to add Zn, cr and Zr. The addition of Zn and Mg element can form a reinforced phase MgZn 2 The Zn content can obviously reduce the open circuit potential of the aluminum alloy, so that the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy is reduced, and the Zn content is strictly controlled. Cr is basically insoluble in aluminum at normal temperature, and intermetallic compounds formed with Al can prevent recrystallization nucleation and growth, improve toughness of aluminum alloy and reduce sensitivity of stress corrosion cracking. However, the addition of Cr deteriorates the surface quality of the aluminum foil, so that the content is strictly controlled. Zr mainly functions to refine a grain structure to inhibit recrystallization, but addition of Zr reduces an effect of refining Ti grains, so that the content is controlled to be 0.3% or less.
The third selection element is rare earth element. The rare earth elements are added into the aluminum alloy to help purify the melt, reduce the surface tension of the melt, increase the fluidity and be beneficial to cast-rolling forming. And rare earth elementAfter adding the aluminum alloy, al is formed 3 RE phase can be used as non-uniform nucleation core to obviously refine grain structure, which is helpful for controlling the uniformity of structure. However, when the rare earth element is added in an excessive amount, a massive inclusion phase is easy to form, cracking deformation is generated in the rolling process, and the aluminum foil formation is not facilitated, so that the total content of the rare earth element is controlled below 0.2%.
The invention coordinates the coordination of the alloy formula and the processing technology to improve the technological effect and the material performance. Based on the selection of Al-Mg-Si alloy components, an accurate continuous casting and rolling control process technology is adopted. The casting and rolling temperature is controlled at 670-715 ℃, the rolling speed is controlled at 0.3-1.2 m/min, at the moment, the flow velocity difference of the aluminum melt in the casting nozzle cavity at the side part, the rib plate part and the middle part gap is smaller, the flow distribution is uniform, and the fluidity and the cooling uniformity of the melt in the casting and rolling process are ensured. If the rolling speed is too low, the flow rate of the aluminum liquid in the middle gap is the largest, and if the rolling speed is too high, the aluminum melt is distributed more to the edge and the rib plate, the aluminum liquid is unevenly distributed, and the quality of the cast-rolled plate is not beneficial to control. The thickness of the cast-rolled plate blank is controlled to be 4.0-13.0 mm, the advantages of the cast-rolling process and the component formula of the invention are fully exerted, and the aluminum foil cast-rolled plate blank for the air conditioner with low energy consumption, simple process and low cost, with the grain size of 1 grade and uniform structure is obtained. Lays a solid foundation for better adapting to each technological parameter of rough rolling, middle rolling, finish rolling and annealing.
The invention adopts a low-temperature long-time finished product annealing process, reduces the anisotropy of the aluminum foil, is beneficial to the plastic deformation capacity and deep drawing performance of the aluminum foil, and obtains the aluminum foil for the air conditioner, which has balanced and excellent strength, elongation and cupping value and excellent heat conduction performance.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
creatively adopts Al-Mg-Si series alloy as a base, and forms tiny Mg by controlling the content of Mg, si and Fe elements in the alloy and controlling the solid solution quantity of Mg element to be below 0.3 percent 2 Si particles strengthen grain boundary and improve the strength and heat conductivity of the alloy. Further by controlling the formulationThe content of other alloy elements in the alloy improves the processability and plastic deformation capability of the product, and has higher thermal conductivity than 3 series aluminum alloy. The alloy foil has heat conductivity up to 210W/(m.k), 10% higher than that of available similar product, elongation at H2x state not less than 14%, cup protrusion not less than 5mm and tensile strength of 100-170 MPa.
The Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy air conditioning foil is produced by adopting a casting and rolling method, the alloy foil is reasonable in proportion, scientific in process and low in cost, the heat conduction performance and the deformation performance of the aluminum foil are improved, the high surface quality and the yield are ensured, the mechanical property required by the molding of the aluminum foil for the air conditioner is met, and the aluminum foil has higher economic benefit and use value.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated, but is not limited, by the following examples.
Examples
The alloy composition shown in table 1 was used to select the raw materials and cast and rolled the ingot by continuous casting and rolling, wherein the raw materials were pure aluminum ingot, pure magnesium ingot, and intermediate alloys or alloying agents such as aluminum silicon, aluminum copper, aluminum manganese, and the like, and recycled alloys were also used. During continuous casting and rolling, ti content is controlled by aluminum titanium boron wires, and RE element is added in the form of mixed rare earth containing La or Ce. And performing cold rough rolling, medium rolling and finish rolling on the cast-rolled plate to obtain an aluminum foil, and performing finished annealing on the rolled aluminum foil. Wherein the casting temperature, rolling rate, casting plate thickness, finished product thickness at the time of continuous casting and rolling, and annealing temperature and time at the time of finished product annealing are variously changed in the manner of table 2. Finally, the mechanical and heat conducting properties of the aluminum alloy foil obtained by various preparation paths are detected.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
In the performance result test, the alloy with the example numbers of 1-7, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24 has tensile strength not less than 120MPa, thermal conductivity not less than 210W/(m.k), cupping value not less than 5mm and elongation not less than 14%.
In the example with the example number of 8, the Mg/(Si+Fe) is more than 2.2, and in the example with the example number of 9, the Mg solid solution quantity exceeds the range, so that the heat conductivity, the cupping value and the elongation performance are obviously affected, and the heat conductivity and the cupping value performance cannot meet the requirements; the Si content in the example with the example number of 10 exceeds the range, and after the Fe content in the example with the example number of 11 exceeds the range, the mechanical properties of the material are mainly affected to lead the elongation rate to be less than or equal to 14% and the cupping value to be less than or equal to 5mm; mg out of range in the example of example No. 12 and Ti out of range in the example of example No. 13, the influence on the heat conduction property increases, resulting in a thermal conductivity of 210W/(m×k); in the example with the example number of 15, cu element is added beyond the range, the alloy strength is increased, but the elongation is less than or equal to 14 percent and the cupping value is less than or equal to 5mm; in the example with the example number 17, the addition of Mn element exceeds the range, so that the thermal conductivity is less than or equal to 210W/(m x k), and the elongation is less than or equal to 14%; in the example No. 19, zn is added beyond the range resulting in a thermal conductivity of 210W/(m×k), an elongation of 14% or less and a cupping value of 5mm or less; in the examples with the example numbers 21 and 23, the addition of Cr and Zr respectively has the content exceeding the range, so that the thermal conductivity is less than or equal to 210W/(m.times.k), the elongation is less than or equal to 14% and the cupping value is less than or equal to 5mm; RE was added beyond the range in the example of example number 25, resulting in an elongation of 14% or less and a cupping value of 5mm or less.
From the results of other examples, compared with the aluminum alloy foil (such as common 3102 aluminum alloy, with the thermal conductivity of about 190W/(m×k)) for the air conditioner commonly used in the prior art, the aluminum alloy foil has the thermal conductivity higher by about 10%, and the elongation and the cupping value are superior to those of the prior art, so that the mechanical property and the service property required by the molding of the aluminum foil for the air conditioner are met. Furthermore, the surface of the aluminum alloy foil obtained in the embodiment can be optionally coated with a hydrophilic coating, graphene can be added into the hydrophilic coating to further increase the thermal conductivity of the product, and an antibacterial agent with Ag ions and the like can also be added into the hydrophilic coating to improve the mildew-proof antibacterial capability of the aluminum alloy foil, so that the performance of the manufactured air conditioner radiator product is better.
Claims (13)
1. An aluminum alloy for an air conditioner having high thermal conductivity, comprising the following components: si: 0.08-0.5 wt percent, mg: 0.15-0.682 wt percent, fe:0.05 to 0.357 and wt percent, wherein Mg/(Si+Fe) is less than or equal to 2.2, ti: 0.005-0.2 wt percent and the balance of Al, wherein the solid solution Mg amount in the aluminum alloy is less than or equal to 0.3 percent, the elongation of the aluminum alloy is more than or equal to 14 percent, the cupping is more than or equal to 5mm, the thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 210W/(m k), the aluminum alloy is in an H2x state, and the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy is 100-170 MPa.
2. The aluminum alloy for an air conditioner having high thermal conductivity according to claim 1, further comprising the following components: cu: less than or equal to 0.5wt percent, mn: at least one of less than or equal to 0.4 and wt percent.
3. The aluminum alloy for an air conditioner having high thermal conductivity according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising the following components: zn: less than or equal to 0.3 and wt percent, cr: less than or equal to 0.3 and wt percent and Zr: at least one of less than or equal to 0.3 and wt percent.
4. The aluminum alloy for an air conditioner having high thermal conductivity according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising the following components: RE is less than or equal to 0.2 and wt percent.
5. The aluminum alloy for air conditioners having high thermal conductivity according to claim 3, further comprising the following components: RE is less than or equal to 0.2 and wt percent.
6. The aluminum alloy for air conditioners having high thermal conductivity according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the aluminum alloy is 0.05 to 0.15mm.
7. The aluminum alloy for air conditioners having high thermal conductivity according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the aluminum alloy is 0.05 to 0.15mm.
8. The aluminum alloy for air conditioners having high thermal conductivity according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the aluminum alloy is 0.05 to 0.15mm.
9. The aluminum alloy for air conditioners having high thermal conductivity according to claim 5, wherein the thickness of the aluminum alloy is 0.05 to 0.15mm.
10. The aluminum alloy for air conditioners having high thermal conductivity according to claim 6, wherein the surface of the aluminum alloy is coated with a hydrophilic coating.
11. Use of an aluminum alloy for air conditioners having high thermal conductivity, characterized in that the aluminum alloy for air conditioners having high thermal conductivity according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is applied to manufacturing an air conditioner radiator.
12. A method of manufacturing the aluminum alloy for air conditioners having high thermal conductivity according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the steps of: selecting raw materials for continuous casting and rolling to obtain a cast-rolled plate ingot, performing cold rough rolling, medium rolling and finish rolling on the cast-rolled plate to obtain an aluminum foil, and performing finished product annealing on the rolled aluminum foil; during continuous casting and rolling, the Ti content is controlled by aluminum titanium boron wires, the casting and rolling temperature is 670-715 ℃, the rolling speed is 0.3-1.2 m/min, the thickness of a cast and rolled plate ingot is controlled to be 4.0-13.0 mm, and the grain size is controlled to be 1 grade.
13. The method of aluminum alloy for air conditioner having high thermal conductivity according to claim 12, wherein the temperature at which the finished product is annealed is 230 to 290 ℃ and the holding time is 9 to 15 hours.
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| JP4799903B2 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2011-10-26 | 住友軽金属工業株式会社 | Aluminum alloy foil with excellent corrosion resistance and strength and method for producing the same |
| JP4701998B2 (en) * | 2005-11-04 | 2011-06-15 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | Aluminum alloy foil excellent in strength and rough skin resistance and method for producing the same |
| CN102766790A (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2012-11-07 | 江苏常铝铝业股份有限公司 | Aluminum foil for aluminum tube air-conditioner and manufacture method thereof |
| CN113528902B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2022-08-02 | 广东华昌集团有限公司 | High-strength high-conductivity wrought aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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