CN111349833A - Rare earth scandium-added corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Rare earth scandium-added corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111349833A CN111349833A CN202010114205.8A CN202010114205A CN111349833A CN 111349833 A CN111349833 A CN 111349833A CN 202010114205 A CN202010114205 A CN 202010114205A CN 111349833 A CN111349833 A CN 111349833A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
Abstract
The corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy added with the rare earth scandium and the preparation method thereof comprise the following substances in percentage by mass: zn: 6.0% -8.0%; mg: 2.5% -3.5%; mn: 0.3% -0.6%; and (C) Sc: 0.2% -0.5%; the balance being Al. According to the invention, by adding a proper amount of the rare earth element Sc, an aluminum oxide film formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy in the corrosion process can become compact, and the aluminum alloy is prevented from being further corroded, so that the corrosion resistance of the high-strength wrought aluminum alloy can be improved, and the high-strength wrought aluminum alloy can be widely used. The invention refines the primary phase in the cast structure of the aluminum alloy by adding the alloying effect of a proper amount of rare earth element Sc, reduces the number of primary second phases, improves the distribution of the primary second phases, improves the original cast structure of the aluminum-zinc-magnesium-manganese alloy on the basis of not changing the main components of the formed cast alloy of the aluminum-zinc-magnesium-manganese high-strength wrought aluminum alloy, and effectively improves the corrosion resistance of the aluminum-zinc-magnesium-manganese cast aluminum alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy manufacturing, and particularly relates to a rare earth scandium-added corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Alloys based on aluminum are known collectively. The main alloying elements are copper, silicon, magnesium, zinc and manganese, and the secondary alloying elements are nickel, iron, titanium, chromium, lithium and the like. The aluminum alloy has low density, high strength similar to or superior to that of high-quality steel, good plasticity, capability of being processed into various sections, wide industrial application and second-time use amount. The aluminum alloy has various varieties, common hard aluminum alloy, high-strength wrought aluminum alloy, forged aluminum alloy and the like, and the hard aluminum alloy can be strengthened by heat treatment and is characterized by high hardness but poor plasticity; the high-strength wrought aluminum alloy can be strengthened by heat treatment, is the aluminum alloy with the highest strength at room temperature, but has poor corrosion resistance and fast high-temperature softening; the forged aluminum alloy is mainly excellent in thermoplasticity and suitable for forging, so that the forged aluminum alloy is also called as forged aluminum alloy. The high-strength wrought aluminum alloy has excellent performance but the high-strength wrought aluminum alloy is not corrosion-resistant, so that the application of the high-strength wrought aluminum alloy is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rare earth scandium-added corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, which are used for overcoming the defects in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy added with the rare earth scandium comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: zn: 6.0% -8.0%; mg: 2.5% -3.5%; mn: 0.3% -0.6%; and (C) Sc: 0.2% -0.5%; the balance being Al.
The rare earth scandium-added corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy has an impurity content of less than 0.2%.
In the corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy added with rare earth scandium, the mass of Mn is recorded as the mass of Mn in the intermediate alloy Al-Mn.
The corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy added with the rare earth scandium has the mass of Sc recorded as the mass of Sc in the master alloy Al-Sc.
The rare earth scandium-added corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy is characterized in that the intermediate alloy Al-Mn is intermediate alloy Al-20 Mn.
The rare earth scandium-added corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy is characterized in that the master alloy Al-Sc is master alloy Al-30 Sc.
The rare earth scandium-added corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy has an Al purity of 99.9% or more.
The corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy added with the rare earth scandium has the Zn purity of more than 99.9 percent.
The rare earth scandium-added corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy has the Mg purity of more than 99.9%.
The rare earth scandium-added corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy has the purity of the intermediate alloy Al-Mn of more than 99.5%.
The rare earth scandium-added corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy has the purity of the intermediate alloy Al-Sc of more than 99.5 percent.
A preparation method of a rare earth scandium-added corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing Al, Zn, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-Sc and intermediate alloy Al-Mn according to the proportion;
step two: preheating Al, Zn, Mg, master alloy Al-Sc and master alloy Al-Mn to 100-150 ℃;
step three: heating the melting furnace to 200-300 ℃, adding preheated Al, heating to 690-730 ℃ until the aluminum is completely melted;
step four: heating the melting furnace to 735-;
step five: cooling to 670-;
step six: casting an aluminum alloy ingot by adopting a gravity casting method;
step seven: carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum alloy cast ingot;
step eight: carrying out aging treatment after the solution treatment of the aluminum alloy cast ingot;
step nine: and (4) carrying out hot pressing treatment after the aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to aging treatment, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain an aluminum alloy finished product.
In the preparation method of the corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy added with rare earth scandium, the solution treatment operation of the aluminum alloy ingot in the seventh step is as follows: the temperature is kept at 385-425 ℃ for 9-18 h.
In the preparation method of the corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy added with rare earth scandium, the aging treatment operation of the aluminum alloy ingot in the step eight is as follows: the temperature is kept at 150-220 ℃ for 7-14 h.
In the above method for preparing the rare earth scandium-added corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy, the hot-pressing treatment in the ninth step is performed by: preheating the aluminum alloy ingot at the temperature of 390-430 ℃, sending the preheated aluminum alloy ingot into an extruder at the extrusion ratio of 22:1, the extrusion temperature of 430-450 ℃ and the extrusion speed of 0.8-1.5mm/s
The invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, by adding a proper amount of the rare earth element Sc, an aluminum oxide film formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy in the corrosion process can become compact, and the aluminum alloy is prevented from being further corroded, so that the corrosion resistance of the high-strength wrought aluminum alloy can be improved, and the high-strength wrought aluminum alloy can be widely used. According to the invention, by the alloying effect of adding a proper amount of rare earth element Sc, the primary phase in the as-cast structure of the aluminum alloy is refined, the number of primary second phases is reduced, the distribution of the primary second phases is improved, the original as-cast structure of the aluminum-zinc-magnesium-manganese alloy is improved on the basis of not changing the main components of the formed cast alloy of the aluminum-zinc-magnesium-manganese high-strength wrought aluminum alloy, and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum-zinc-magnesium-manganese cast aluminum alloy is effectively improved; meanwhile, by adding the rare earth element Sc, the electronegativity difference value of Sc and Al is larger than that of Sc and Mg, and the forming temperature of the Al-Sc phase is higher than that of the Al2Mg3 phase, so that the Al-Sc phase is preferentially formed in the solidification process; and the formation of the Al-Sc phase consumes Al atoms in the alloy, inhibits nucleation and growth of the Al2Mg3 phase, and changes the continuous distribution of the Al2Mg3 phase along the grain boundary into discrete distribution, so that a second phase in the alloy is changed from a single gamma-Al 2Mg3 phase into a discrete eutectic Al2Mg3 phase, a needle-shaped Al11Sc3 phase, a massive Al3Sc phase and an AlMnSc phase; and the structure and the second phase of the alloy are further refined through the hot extrusion process.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The method comprises the following steps: according to the Zn: 6.0 percent; mg: 2.5%%; mn: 0.3 percent; and (C) Sc: 0.2 percent; accurately weighing Al, Zn, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-Sc and intermediate alloy Al-Mn according to the proportion of the balance Al;
step two: preheating Al, Zn, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-Sc and intermediate alloy Al-Mn to 100 ℃;
step three: heating the melting furnace to 200-300 ℃, adding preheated Al, heating to 690 ℃, and completely melting the aluminum;
step four: heating the melting furnace to 735 ℃, adding Zn, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-Sc and intermediate alloy Al-Mn, and keeping the temperature until all the metals are dissolved;
step five: cooling to 670 ℃, and introducing helium gas for refining and degassing treatment;
step six: casting an aluminum alloy ingot by adopting a gravity casting method;
step seven: carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum alloy cast ingot, namely, keeping the temperature at 385 ℃ for 9h, and cooling in air;
step eight: carrying out aging treatment after the solution treatment of the aluminum alloy cast ingot, namely, keeping the temperature at 150 ℃ for 7h, and cooling in air;
step nine: after the aging treatment is finished, the aluminum alloy cast ingot is preheated at the temperature of 390 ℃, and after the preheating is finished, the aluminum alloy cast ingot is sent into an extruder to be air-cooled to room temperature at the extrusion ratio of 22:1, the extrusion temperature of 430 ℃ and the extrusion speed of 0.8mm/s, so that the finished aluminum alloy product is obtained.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps: according to the Zn: 8.0 percent; mg: 3.5 percent; mn: 0.6 percent; and (C) Sc: 0.5 percent; accurately weighing Al, Zn, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-Sc and intermediate alloy Al-Mn according to the proportion of the balance Al;
step two: preheating Al, Zn, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-Sc and intermediate alloy Al-Mn to 150 ℃;
step three: heating the melting furnace to 300 ℃, adding preheated Al, heating to 730 ℃ until the aluminum is completely melted;
step four: heating the melting furnace to 765 ℃, adding Zn, Mg, master alloy Al-Sc and master alloy Al-Mn, and keeping the temperature until all the metals are dissolved;
step five: cooling to 700 ℃, and introducing helium gas for refining and degassing treatment;
step six: casting an aluminum alloy ingot by adopting a gravity casting method;
step seven: carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum alloy cast ingot, namely, keeping the temperature at 425 ℃ for 18h, and cooling in air;
step eight: carrying out aging treatment after the solution treatment of the aluminum alloy cast ingot, namely, carrying out heat preservation at 220 ℃ for 14h, and carrying out air cooling for cooling;
step nine: preheating the aluminum alloy cast ingot at 430 ℃ after aging treatment is finished, sending the aluminum alloy cast ingot into an extruder after preheating is finished, cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature in an air cooling mode at the extrusion ratio of 22:1, the extrusion temperature of 450 ℃ and the extrusion speed of 1.5mm/s, and obtaining the aluminum alloy finished product.
Example 3
The method comprises the following steps: according to the Zn: 7.0 percent; mg: 3.0 percent; mn: 0.45 percent; and (C) Sc: 0.35 percent; accurately weighing Al, Zn, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-Sc and intermediate alloy Al-Mn according to the proportion of the balance Al;
step two: preheating Al, Zn, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-Sc and intermediate alloy Al-Mn to 125 ℃;
step three: heating the melting furnace to 250 ℃, adding preheated Al, heating to 710 ℃ until the aluminum is completely melted;
step four: heating the melting furnace to 750 ℃, adding Zn, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-Sc and intermediate alloy Al-Mn, and preserving heat until all the used metals are dissolved;
step five: cooling to 685 ℃, and introducing helium gas for refining and degassing treatment;
step six: casting an aluminum alloy ingot by adopting a gravity casting method;
step seven: carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot, namely, keeping the temperature at 405 ℃ for 13.5h, and cooling in air;
step eight: carrying out aging treatment after the solution treatment of the aluminum alloy cast ingot, namely, keeping the temperature at 185 ℃ for 10.5h, and cooling in air;
step nine: preheating the aluminum alloy cast ingot at the temperature of 410 ℃ after aging treatment is finished, sending the aluminum alloy cast ingot into an extruder after preheating is finished, cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature in air at the extrusion ratio of 22:1, the extrusion temperature of 440 ℃ and the extrusion speed of 1.2mm/s, and thus obtaining the aluminum alloy finished product.
Verification test
The Al-Zn-Mg-Mn series high-strength wrought aluminum alloy sold in the market is selected as a comparison example for comparison, examples 1 to 3 and the comparison example are corroded for 240 hours by a method of atomization corrosion of 10% NaCl neutral salt solution at 30 ℃, and the test results are shown in the table I:
| group of | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example |
| Corrosion Rate (mg.cm-2. d-1) | 0.02359 | 0.02287 | 0.02017 | 0.07856 |
Watch 1
According to the data in the table I, the corrosion rates of the examples 1 to 3 are far lower than those of the comparative example, so that the corrosion resistance of the high-strength wrought aluminum alloy can be effectively improved by the product provided by the invention.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy added with the rare earth scandium is characterized in that: the material comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: zn: 6.0% -8.0%; mg: 2.5% -3.5%; mn: 0.3% -0.6%; and (C) Sc: 0.2% -0.5%; the balance being Al.
2. The rare earth scandium-added corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the content of the impurities is less than 0.2 percent.
3. The rare earth scandium-added corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein:
the mass of Mn is recorded as the mass of Mn in the intermediate alloy Al-Mn;
the mass of Sc is recorded as the mass of Sc in the master alloy Al-Sc.
4. The rare earth scandium-added corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein:
the intermediate alloy Al-Mn is intermediate alloy Al-20 Mn;
the master alloy Al-Sc is master alloy Al-30 Sc.
5. The rare earth scandium-added corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein:
the purity of the Al is more than 99.9%;
the purity of Zn is more than 99.9 percent;
the purity of the Mg is more than 99.9 percent;
the purity of the intermediate alloy Al-Mn is more than 99.5 percent;
the purity of the intermediate alloy Al-Sc is more than 99.5 percent.
6. A preparation method of corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy added with rare earth scandium is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing Al, Zn, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-Sc and intermediate alloy Al-Mn according to the proportion;
step two: preheating Al, Zn, Mg, master alloy Al-Sc and master alloy Al-Mn to 100-150 ℃;
step three: heating the melting furnace to 200-300 ℃, adding preheated Al, heating to 690-730 ℃ until the aluminum is completely melted;
step four: heating the melting furnace to 735-;
step five: cooling to 670-;
step six: casting an aluminum alloy ingot by adopting a gravity casting method;
step seven: carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum alloy cast ingot;
step eight: carrying out aging treatment after the solution treatment of the aluminum alloy cast ingot;
step nine: and (4) carrying out hot pressing treatment after the aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to aging treatment, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain an aluminum alloy finished product.
7. The method for preparing the rare earth scandium-added corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the solution treatment operation of the aluminum alloy ingot in the step seven comprises the following steps: the temperature is kept at 385-425 ℃ for 9-18 h.
8. The method for preparing the rare earth scandium-added corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the aging treatment operation of the aluminum alloy ingot in the step eight comprises the following steps: the temperature is kept at 150-220 ℃ for 7-14 h.
9. The method for preparing the rare earth scandium-added corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the operation of the hot pressing treatment in the ninth step is as follows: preheating the aluminum alloy ingot at the temperature of 390-430 ℃, and sending the aluminum alloy ingot into an extruder after the preheating is finished, wherein the extrusion ratio is 22:1, the extrusion temperature is 430-450 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 0.8-1.5 mm/s.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111945047A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2020-11-17 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Aluminum alloy section bar for floor beam of passenger cabin of civil aircraft and preparation method thereof |
| CN114540676A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-27 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Rare earth aluminum alloy with corrosion resistance and processing method |
| CN115433859A (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2022-12-06 | 苏州中成同人新材料科技有限公司 | Modification method of wrought aluminum alloy based on rare earth alloy |
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Inventor after: Lai Zhi Su Inventor after: Cheng Renzhai Inventor after: Ma Xu Inventor after: Su Xin Lei Inventor after: Ren Weicai Inventor after: Ren Ge Inventor after: Wang Congkun Inventor before: Lai Zhi Su Inventor before: Cheng Renzhai Inventor before: Ma Xu Inventor before: Su Xin Lei Inventor before: Ren Weicai Inventor before: Ren Ge Inventor before: Wang Congkun |
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