CN115684128A - Raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing method and device and Raman spectrometer - Google Patents
Raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing method and device and Raman spectrometer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of spectrum detection, in particular to a Raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing method and device and a Raman spectrometer. The Raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing method comprises the following steps of S100, sampling a reset signal for N times, and carrying out average operation on the reset signal obtained by sampling to obtain a first average signal; step S200, sampling the effective signal for M times, and carrying out average operation on the effective signal obtained by sampling to obtain a second average signal; step S300, performing subtraction on the first average signal and the second average signal to obtain an actual pixel signal. By the mode of repeatedly collecting the reset signal and the effective signal, averaging the reset signal and the effective signal and subtracting the average signal from the average signal, the random noise can be eliminated, the interference of the noise on the spectrum signal is reduced, the signal to noise ratio is improved, and the accuracy of the Raman spectrum data on material analysis is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spectrum detection, in particular to a Raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing method and device and a Raman spectrometer.
Background
Raman spectroscopy (Raman spectroscopy) technology, as a scattering spectrum produced by the irradiation of a substance with monochromatic light, provides rapid, simple, repeatable and non-destructive qualitative and quantitative analysis. In recent years, with the development of laser technology and CCD (Charge Coupled Device) detection technology, raman spectroscopy has been widely applied to the structural detection and performance analysis of solid and liquid materials.
However, when raman spectroscopy is used to detect a substance, in addition to obtaining a raman signal containing the substance to be detected, noise of various degrees is generated due to interference from factors such as laser fluctuation, detection environment change, and the sample itself. The noise signal of the raman spectrum signal mainly comes from a CCD array detector, and mainly includes shot noise, dark current noise, reset noise, photon noise, and the like. Dark current noise can be suppressed by cooling, and reset noise can be removed by a double-correlation sampling mode.
However, photon noise and shot noise are random, and the interference of the random noise on the spectrum signal cannot be reduced by adopting the traditional double correlation sampling mode. Particularly, under the condition of low illumination, the amplitude of noise is large, the Raman spectrogram can be shaken, burr peaks occur, the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrum can be reduced, and therefore the accuracy of the Raman spectrum data on material analysis is influenced. Therefore, how to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and avoid the interference of random noise to the spectrum signal becomes a big problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect that random noise cannot be effectively filtered in the prior art, the invention provides a Raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing method, which comprises the following steps of:
and S100, sequentially sampling the reset signals for N times according to a first preset interval time, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, and carrying out average operation on the reset signals obtained by sampling for N times to obtain a first average signal.
And S200, sequentially sampling the effective signals for M times according to a second preset interval time, wherein M is more than or equal to 2, and carrying out average operation on the effective signals obtained by sampling for M times to obtain a second average signal.
Step S300, performing subtraction on the first average signal and the second average signal to obtain an actual pixel signal, where the actual pixel signal is the obtained noise-reduced signal.
In one embodiment, the sampling of the steps S100 and S200 is performed on the raman spectrum signal by using a CCD detector; the averaging operation of the step S100, the averaging operation of the step S200, and the subtraction operation of the step S300 are performed using a control unit or an arithmetic circuit.
In an embodiment, a set of ADC sampling circuits is disposed in the CCD detector, and the N times of sampling in step S100 and the M times of sampling in step S200 are sequentially performed by the ADC sampling circuits.
In an embodiment, a CCD input port, a first ADC sampling circuit, a second ADC sampling circuit, a first switch, and a second switch are provided in the CCD detector, the first ADC sampling circuit is connected in series with the first switch to perform the N times of sampling of step S100, and the second ADC sampling circuit is connected in series with the second switch to perform the M times of sampling of step S200; the first ADC sampling circuit, the first switch, and the second ADC sampling circuit, the second switch are connected in parallel to form a dual-channel sampling circuit, an input end of the dual-channel sampling circuit is electrically connected to the CCD input port, and an output end of the dual-channel sampling circuit is electrically connected to the control unit or the operation circuit, so as to perform the averaging operation of step S100 and step S200 and the subtraction operation of step S300.
In an embodiment, the CCD detector further includes a sampling capacitor, a preamplifier and a low-pass filter, and the sampling capacitor, the preamplifier and the low-pass filter are connected in series between the CCD input port and the input end of the dual-channel sampling circuit to pre-amplify and pre-filter the reset signal and the valid signal.
In an embodiment, the control unit is one of an MCU or an FPGA.
In one embodiment, the arithmetic circuit includes an averaging circuit and a subtracting circuit connected in series, the averaging circuit includes a plurality of comparators and a plurality of comparison capacitors connected in parallel, and the subtracting circuit includes a subtractor.
In one embodiment, the number of samples of the N samples is equal to or not equal to the number of samples of the M samples; the first preset interval time is equal to or different from the second preset interval time.
The invention also provides a raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing device, comprising: the first average signal acquisition module is used for sequentially sampling the reset signals for N times according to a first preset interval time, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, and carrying out average operation on the reset signals obtained by sampling for N times to obtain a first average signal; the second average signal acquisition module is used for sequentially sampling the effective signals for M times according to a second preset interval time, wherein M is more than or equal to 2, and carrying out average operation on the effective signals obtained by sampling for M times to obtain a second average signal; and the actual pixel signal acquisition module is used for carrying out subtraction operation on the first average signal and the second average signal to obtain an actual pixel signal, wherein the actual pixel signal is the obtained signal subjected to noise reduction.
The invention also provides a Raman spectrometer which adopts the Raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing method or the Raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing device in any embodiment.
Based on the above, compared with the prior art, the raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing method provided by the invention eliminates the reset noise by collecting the reset signal and the effective signal for multiple times, averaging the reset signal and the effective signal respectively and then subtracting the average signal, and simultaneously can eliminate the random noise, thereby reducing the interference of the noise on the spectrum signal, improving the signal-to-noise ratio and further effectively improving the accuracy of the raman spectrum data on material analysis.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts; in the following description, the drawings are described with reference to the drawing direction of the elements in the drawings unless otherwise specified.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating noise results obtained by a conventional double correlation sampling method;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a noise result obtained by the noise reduction processing method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of an ADC sampling mode in the CCD detector according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing apparatus provided in the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments; the technical features designed in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention; it will be further understood that terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of this specification and the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
In the prior art, a dual-correlation sampling mode is generally adopted for noise reduction of Raman spectrum signals, however, the traditional dual-correlation sampling mode cannot effectively filter random noise, and under strong illumination, the signal amplitude of Raman spectrum is large, the elimination effect of the traditional dual-correlation sampling mode on reset noise is not accurate, under weak illumination, the effective signal amplitude of Raman spectrum is small, the influence of random noise caused by the effective signal amplitude is large, and the noise reduction effect of the traditional dual-correlation sampling mode on random noise is worse. Therefore, the invention provides a Raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing method and device and a Raman spectrometer to effectively filter random noise and reset noise and reduce interference of noise on Raman spectrum signals. The following description will be made with reference to specific examples.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing method, including the following steps:
s100, sampling the reset signals for N times in sequence according to a first preset interval time, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, and carrying out average operation on the reset signals obtained by sampling for N times to obtain a first average signal;
s200, sequentially sampling the effective signals for M times according to a second preset interval time, wherein M is more than or equal to 2, and carrying out average operation on the effective signals obtained by sampling for M times to obtain a second average signal;
step S300, performing subtraction on the first average signal and the second average signal to obtain an actual pixel signal, which is the obtained noise-reduced signal.
By the method for denoising the Raman spectrum signal, the reset noise can be eliminated, and the random noise can be eliminated, so that the interference of the noise on the spectrum signal is reduced, the signal to noise ratio is improved, and the accuracy of the Raman spectrum data on material analysis is effectively improved.
The raman spectrum signal sampling test is performed under the conditions of normal temperature shading, 10ms of integration time and 1 integration time by respectively adopting the traditional double-correlation sampling method and the noise reduction processing method provided by the invention, and the noise results obtained by the sampling test are shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3. Wherein, fig. 2 is a diagram of the noise result obtained by the conventional dual correlation sampling method, and it can be seen from the diagram that the noise VPP (Peak-to-Peak Voltage) is about 145 units; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the noise result obtained by the noise reduction method of the present invention, and it can be seen that the noise VPP is about 50 units; compared with the traditional double correlation sampling method, the noise reduction processing method provided by the invention has better noise suppression effect and greatly improves the signal-to-noise ratio.
It should be noted that the first preset interval time, the second preset interval time, the N sampling times, and the M sampling times may be determined according to the time length of the generation of the actual reset signal and the effective signal, and are not limited herein. In a preferred scheme, the sampling times of the N times of sampling are equal to or unequal to the sampling times of the M times of sampling; the first preset interval time is equal to or different from the second preset interval time; more preferably, N and M are set to 3 or 4 or 5.
Further, the sampling of steps S100 and S200 may be performed on the raman spectrum signal using a CCD detector. Specifically, the raman spectrum signal can be sampled by the ADC sampling method of the following two schemes.
The first scheme is as follows: a set of ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) sampling circuits is disposed in the CCD detector, and the N times of sampling in step S100 and the M times of sampling in step S200 are sequentially performed by the ADC sampling circuits.
Namely, the reset signal and the effective signal are sampled only by one group of sampling circuits, so that the complexity of the circuit is effectively simplified. It should be noted that other circuits and structures may be further provided in the CCD detector to improve the sampling circuit of the ADC, for example, a filter, an amplifier, etc., and those skilled in the art may flexibly design according to actual requirements, which is not limited herein.
Scheme II: referring to fig. 4, a CCD input port, a first ADC sampling circuit, a second ADC sampling circuit, a first switch, and a second switch are disposed in the CCD detector. The first ADC sampling circuit is connected in series with the first switch to perform the N-time sampling of step S100, and the second ADC sampling circuit is connected in series with the second switch to perform the M-time sampling of step S200. The first ADC sampling circuit and the first switch which are connected in series are connected with the second ADC sampling circuit and the second switch which are connected in series in parallel to form a double-channel sampling circuit. The input end of the double-channel sampling circuit is electrically connected with the CCD input port, and the output end of the double-channel sampling circuit is electrically connected with the control unit or the operation circuit so as to execute the average operation of the step S100 and the step S200 and the subtraction operation of the step S300.
The control principle is as follows: during the reset signal period, the first switch is firstly closed, so that the reset signal is sampled for N times through the first ADC sampling circuit; during the period of the effective signal, the second switch is firstly closed, so that the effective signal is sampled for M times through the second ADC sampling circuit. Namely, two groups of sampling circuits of the double-channel sampling circuit respectively sample the reset signal and the effective signal, so that the sampling operation burden is effectively reduced, and the sampling efficiency is improved.
It should be noted that specific circuit components and connection relationships of the ADC sampling circuit, the first ADC sampling circuit, and the second ADC sampling circuit all belong to the scope understandable by those skilled in the art, and are not limited and described herein. The specific type of the sampling circuit is not unique, for example, in one embodiment, the sampling circuit may be implemented by using a switch and a capacitor, and in other embodiments, the sampling circuit may be implemented by using a resistor voltage-dividing sampling circuit or a filter circuit.
Preferably, the CCD detector further includes a sampling capacitor, a preamplifier and a low-pass filter, and the sampling capacitor, the preamplifier and the low-pass filter are connected in series between the CCD input port and the input end of the dual-channel sampling circuit, so as to pre-amplify and pre-filter the reset signal and the effective signal, thereby improving the sampling accuracy.
Further, the averaging operation of step S100, step S200, and the subtraction operation of step S300 may be performed using a control unit or an arithmetic circuit.
Taking the Micro control Unit as an example, the average operation and the subtraction operation of the signals can be realized by a computer program, wherein the control Unit can be executed by using one of a Micro-Controller Unit (MCU) or a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
Taking the operation circuit as an example, the operation circuit includes an averaging circuit and a subtraction circuit connected in series, the averaging circuit includes a plurality of comparators and a plurality of comparison capacitors connected in parallel, and the subtraction circuit includes a subtractor. Specifically, the signal is averaged using a comparison capacitor and subtracted using a subtractor. It should be noted that the specific circuit connections of the averaging circuit and the subtracting circuit are within the technical scope understood by those skilled in the art, and are not described herein.
It should be noted that the averaging circuit and the subtracting circuit may also be connected through other components to implement the averaging operation and the subtracting operation on the signals, for example, the subtracting circuit may use two sets of subtracting capacitors to store the first average signal and the second average signal respectively and perform the subtracting process.
Besides the above mentioned circuits and their necessary elements, those skilled in the art may also make modifications to the ADC sampling circuit, the first ADC sampling circuit, the second ADC sampling circuit, the averaging circuit, and the subtracting circuit according to actual needs, and add other functional circuits or circuit elements, such as a filter circuit, etc., all of which fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example two
Referring to fig. 5, the present invention further provides a raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing apparatus, including:
the first average signal acquisition module is used for sequentially sampling the reset signals for N times according to a first preset interval time, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, and carrying out average operation on the N times of reset signals obtained by sampling to obtain a first average signal; the second average signal acquisition module is used for sequentially sampling the effective signals for M times according to a second preset interval time, wherein M is more than or equal to 2, and carrying out average operation on the effective signals obtained by sampling for M times to obtain a second average signal; and the actual pixel signal acquisition module is used for carrying out subtraction operation on the first average signal and the second average signal to obtain an actual pixel signal, wherein the actual pixel signal is the obtained signal subjected to noise reduction.
Specifically, all or part of each module may be implemented by computer program software or hardware circuit and a combination thereof, and specific reference may be made to the hardware circuit design manner in the first embodiment, which is not described herein again. In addition, the modules may be embedded in a hardware form or be independent from a processor of the computer device, or may be stored in a memory of the computer device in a software form, so that the processor can call and execute operations corresponding to the modules.
EXAMPLE III
The invention also provides a Raman spectrometer which adopts the Raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing method or the Raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing device in any embodiment. Preferably, the raman spectrometer includes a CCD detector and a processing module, a sampling circuit is disposed in the CCD detector, the processing module is provided with a control unit, the sampling circuit is electrically connected to the control unit, and the raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing method according to any of the above embodiments can be implemented through cooperation of the sampling circuit and the control unit.
In summary, the raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing method, the raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing device and the raman spectrometer provided by the invention can effectively and accurately filter the reset noise and the random noise from the acquired raman spectrum signal, avoid the interference of the noise on the spectrum signal, improve the signal to noise ratio, and further effectively improve the accuracy of the raman spectrum data on material analysis.
In addition, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, notwithstanding the many problems inherent in the prior art, each embodiment or solution of the present invention may be improved in one or more respects, without necessarily simultaneously solving all the technical problems inherent in the prior art or in the background art. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that nothing in a claim should be taken as a limitation on that claim.
Although terms such as a first preset interval time, a second preset interval time, a reset signal, a valid signal, a first average signal, a second average signal, an actual pixel signal, a CCD detector, a control unit, an arithmetic circuit, an ADC sampling circuit, a first ADC sampling circuit, a second ADC sampling circuit, a CCD input port, a first switch, a second switch, a sampling capacitor, a preamplifier, a low-pass filter, a first average signal acquisition module, a second average signal acquisition module, an actual pixel signal acquisition module, etc. are used more herein, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are used merely to more conveniently describe and explain the nature of the present invention; they are to be construed as being without limitation to any one or more of the appended limitations; the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and in the claims, and in the foregoing description and in the drawings, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A Raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100, sampling the reset signals for N times in sequence according to a first preset interval time, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, and carrying out average operation on the reset signals obtained by sampling for N times to obtain a first average signal;
s200, sequentially sampling effective signals for M times according to a second preset interval time, wherein M is more than or equal to 2, and carrying out average operation on the effective signals obtained by sampling for M times to obtain a second average signal;
step S300, performing subtraction on the first average signal and the second average signal to obtain an actual pixel signal, where the actual pixel signal is the obtained noise-reduced signal.
2. The raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: performing the sampling of the step S100 and the step S200 on the Raman spectrum signal by using a CCD detector;
the averaging operation of the step S100, the averaging operation of the step S200, and the subtraction operation of the step S300 are performed using a control unit or an arithmetic circuit.
3. The raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: and a group of ADC sampling circuits are arranged in the CCD detector, and the N times of sampling in the step S100 and the M times of sampling in the step S200 are sequentially executed through the ADC sampling circuits.
4. The raman spectral signal noise reduction processing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: a CCD input port, a first ADC sampling circuit, a second ADC sampling circuit, a first switch and a second switch are arranged in the CCD detector, the first ADC sampling circuit is connected with the first switch in series to execute the N times of sampling in the step S100, and the second ADC sampling circuit is connected with the second switch in series to execute the M times of sampling in the step S200; the first ADC sampling circuit, the first switch, and the second ADC sampling circuit, the second switch are connected in parallel to form a dual-channel sampling circuit, an input end of the dual-channel sampling circuit is electrically connected to the CCD input port, and an output end of the dual-channel sampling circuit is electrically connected to the control unit or the operation circuit, so as to perform the averaging operation of the step S100 and the step S200 and the subtraction operation of the step S300.
5. The method for noise reduction of a raman spectrum signal according to claim 4, characterized in that: the CCD detector also comprises a sampling capacitor, a preamplifier and a low-pass filter, wherein the sampling capacitor, the preamplifier and the low-pass filter are connected in series between the CCD input port and the input end of the double-channel sampling circuit so as to pre-amplify and pre-filter the reset signal and the effective signal.
6. The raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the control unit adopts one of MCU or FPGA.
7. The raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the arithmetic circuit comprises an averaging circuit and a subtracting circuit which are connected in series, the averaging circuit comprises a plurality of comparators and a plurality of comparison capacitors which are connected in parallel, and the subtracting circuit comprises a subtracter.
8. The raman spectral signal noise reduction processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the sampling times of the N times of sampling and the M times of sampling are equal or unequal; the first preset interval time and the second preset interval time are equal or unequal.
9. A Raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing apparatus is characterized by comprising:
the first average signal acquisition module is used for sequentially sampling the reset signals for N times according to a first preset interval time, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, and carrying out average operation on the reset signals obtained by sampling for N times to obtain a first average signal;
the second average signal acquisition module is used for sequentially sampling the effective signals for M times according to a second preset interval time, wherein M is more than or equal to 2, and carrying out average operation on the effective signals obtained by sampling for M times to obtain a second average signal;
and the actual pixel signal acquisition module is used for carrying out subtraction operation on the first average signal and the second average signal to obtain an actual pixel signal, wherein the actual pixel signal is the obtained noise-reduced signal.
10. A raman spectrometer, characterized by: a raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or a raman spectrum signal noise reduction processing apparatus according to claim 9.
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